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REPORT AND TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
DEVONSHIRE ASSOCIATION
THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE,
AND ART.
[BIDEFORD, JULY, 1902.]
• •» • • •
{VOL. IV., SECOND SERIES.
PLYMOUTH :
W. BKENDON AND SON, PKINTERS.
1902.
All right* reserved, •
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[ 4 ]
The Editor is requested by the Council to state that the
Committees and Authors alone are responsible for the facts
and opinions contained in the various Reports. Papers, and
Communication^ . ; .• •.: .', \ .'
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[ 5 ]
CONTENTS.
List of Officers . . . . ... 9
Places of Meeting . . . ... 10
Rules . . . . . ... 11
Bye-laws and Standing Orders . ... 15
Proceedings at the Forty-first Annual Meeting . . 20
Report . . . . . ... 24
Balance Sheet . . . . 28, 29
Selected Minutes of Council appointing Committees . 80
Obituary Notices . . . . ... 88
President's Address . . . ... 40
Twentieth Report (Third Series) of the Committee on the Climate of
Devon. Alfred Chandler, f.r.Mst.8oc. . . 59
Sixth Report (Third Series) of the Committee on the Climate of Devon.
Alfred Chandler, f.r.m«t.8oo. . . ... 74
Nineteenth Report of the Committee on Devonshire Folk-lore. P. F. S.
Amery . . . ... 88
Nineteenth Report of the Committee on Devonshire Verbal Pro-
vincialisms. F. T. Elworthy, F.8.A. . . . .90
Twenty-first Report of the Barrow Committee. R. Hansford Worth, c.E. 104
Eleventh Report of the Committee on Devonshire Records. J. Brooking-
Rowe . . . . ... 147
Eighth Report of the Dartmoor Exploration Committee. Robert Bur-
nard, F.8.A. . . . . ... 160
The Disappearing Stone Monuments of Dartmoor. Robert Barnard,
F.8.A. . . . . ... 166
The Bideford and Okehampton Railway of 1881. Sir Roper Leth-
bridge, k.c.i.e. . . . ... 168
A History of the Church at Bideford and some of its Rectors.
Rev. Preb. R. Granville, m.a. . . . 201
The Long Bridge of Bideford. Alexander G. Duncan . . 228
Extracts from a Devonshire Lady's Notes of Travel in France in the
Eighteenth Century. Rev. Oswald J. Reichel, b.o.l., m.a., f.s.a. 265
John Sixtinus, Archpriest of Haccombe, Sixteenth Century. T. N.
Brushfield, m.d., f.s.a. . . . . . 276
Index to Domesday Analysis, vol xxviii., and Testa de NevUl Tax
Roll, vol. xxx., with Corrections. Rev. T. W. Whale, m.a. . 289
Totnes : Its Mayors and Mayoralties. Part III. Edward Windeatt . 825
Arp>9|3i9
401° i"?
tJ\3B *
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6 CONTENTS.
ftp
An Index to the Printed Literature relating to North Devon. Maxwell
Adams . . ... 344
A Forgotten Episode in Devon County History. Rev. J. Erskine-
Risk, m.a. . . . ... 394
Twelve Months' Notes on Birds in the South Hams District: with
special reference to Nightingales in Devon. E. A. S. Elliot,
M.R.C.S., M.B.O.U. . . . ... 408
Early Nonconformity in Bideford. Miss Wickham . 410
The Early History of the Manor of Hartland. R. Pearse Chope, b.a. 418
Raleghana. Part IV. Sir Henry de Ralegh, Knight, ob. 1301. T. N.
Brushfield, m.d., f.s.a. . . . . 455
Start Point to Petitor, and the Drifting of Shingle. Arthur R. Hunt,
M.A., F.L.8., F.O.S. . . . ... 482
The Petrography of Dartmoor and its Borders. Part I. R. Hansford
Worth! O.E. . . . . ... 496
Some Further Observations on the Teign and its Valley. A. Somervail 528
Devonshire Screens and Rood Lofts. F. Bligh Bond, f.r.i.b.a. . . 531
Inventories of the Collegiate Churches of the Holy Cross, Crediton ;
and Our Blessed Lady of Ottery. H. Michell Whitley . . 551
"Fees of the Bishop of Exeter" in Testa de Nevil, p. 187. Rev.
Oswald J. Reichel, B.O.L., M. A., f.s.a. . . . 566
Torrington, Devon — Torrington, Connecticut. George M. Doe . . 575
Neighbours of North Wyke. Part II. Miss Ethel Lega-Weekes . 578
"Giffard's Jump." Hardinge F. Giffard, m.a., f.s.a. . . 648
The Muniments of the Corporation of Totnes. Part II. Edward
Windeatt . . . . ... 704
The Devonshire Domesday. Part VI. : Some Notes on Part I. of
Domesday Identifications. Rev. Oswald J. Reichel, b.c.l., m.a.,
F.S.A. . . . . ... 715
List of Members . . . . ... 733
Index . . . . . ... 749
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[ 7 ]
PLATES.
To fact p
107
„
US
„
118
„
124
t*
126
ti
128
>i
ISO
it
180
ii
181
161
ii
164
i»
401
»»
403
Report op Barrow Committer—
Plate I. Sections of Earth Barrows . ...
, II. KJstvaen, Roundy Park, Pottbridge. (After R. Barnard.)
, III. „ Langcombe, near Plym . ...
, IV. Urn from Fernworthy . . ...
V. „ Watern Down ...
VI. Flint Knives and Scrapers, Lekehead Kistvaen
VIL Barbed and Tanged Arrow-heads, etc
„ VIII. Celts, Daggers, and Fragments of Spear-heads
IX. Bronze Spear-head . ...
Report of Dartmoor Exploration Committee—
Plan of Group of Hut Circles, Standon Down, near Mary Tavy .
Plan of Hut in Bank, Greyhound Marsh, near Postbridge
A FoRooTTSN Episode in Devon County History—
The Dowrish Brass in Sandford Church . ...
Extract from Pedigree of Dr. H. H. Drake, m.a.
The Early History op thk Manor op Hartland—
Map ... „ 454
Ralbghana—
Effigy of Sir Henry de Ralegh (l) in South Choir Ambulatory, Exeter
Cathedral . „ 466
Portion of Effigy found on site of Dominican Convent, Bedford
Circus, Exeter „ 460
The Petrography op Dartmoor and its Borders—
Plate I. Fig. 1. View of Dyke, Cann Quarry. Fig. S. Hand Speci-
men, from Cann Quarry, with Green Vein in Buff Feist te „ 602
Plate II. Fig. 1. 8ection of CXVII. S.W. lb. xl871in. Junction
of Green and Buff Felsites with development of Mica at plane of
contact Fig. 2. Pitted Weathered Surface of Felslte "A" . „ 606
Plate III. Fig. 1. Section of CXII. S.E. 11. x 866 lin. Fig. S. Sec-
tion of CXII. S.B. 11. x 400 lin. Polar. . . . „ 6SS
Devonshire Screens and Rood Lofts . . ... ,,681
Torrinoton, Devon— Torrinoton, Connecticut—
Trinity Church, Torrington, Connecticut . . . ,,677
Neighbours op North Wyke—
Panorama from •« Gutter-field," Taw Green . ,,678
Powlesland . „ 609
Taw Green and distant Cosdon . „ 618
The Notice-board, Taw Green Common . ,,682
Sessland . . . „ 686
Page of Local "Bits" . . „ 647
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[ 9 ]
OFFICERS
1902-3.
ihrrstHrnt.
Rev. WILLIAM HARPLEY, m.a., f.c.p.s.
Firr-yrrsftmts.
Thk Worshipful Thb Mayor of Bidrford (E. J. TATTERSILL, Esq., j.p.).
Admiral Sir W. M. DOWELL, g.c.b., d.l.
Sir W. LEWIS 8. STUCLEy", Bart., d.l.
E. J. SOARES, Esq., m.p. F. HAMLYN, Esq., d.l.
His Honour JUDGE BERESFORD. C. STRACHAN-CARNEGIE, Esq., j.p.
Sir ROPER LETHBRIDGE, k.c.i.r., m.a., d.l., j.p.
J. MORRISON KIRK WOOD, Esq., j.p.
C. K. ACKLAND, Esq., m.d.
H. M. BAZELEY, Esq.
A. L. CHRISTIE, Esq. [m.a.
Rev. M. D. DIMOND-CHURCHWARD,
A. G. DUNCAN, Esq., j.p.
R. DYMOND, Esq., j.p.
T. GOAMAN, Esq., j.p.
Major G. GORTON.
Rev. ROGER GRANVILLE, m.a.
R. B. JAMES, Esq.
W. D. JOCE, Esq., j.p.
Rev. T. NEWTON LEEKE, m.a.
Lt.-Colonel CHETWODE LLOYD.
J. H. LOCKLEY, Esq.
Rev. W. B. MIDDLETON.
J. W. NARRAWAY, Esq., j.p., c.c.
Rev. E. ROBERTS.
W. H. ROGERS, Esq., j.p.
Rev. R. W. SEALY. m.a.
W. B. SELDON, Esq.
Lt. -Colonel C. J. SMITH, j.p.
J. C. HERIZ SMITH, Esq., j.p.
E. TRAPNELL, Esq., j.p.
W. H. TURNER, Esq., j.p.
EDWIN SEALY VIDAL, Esq.
G. W. VINCENT, Esq., j.p.
H. C. WHITEHEAD, Esq. [j.p.
Lt.-Colonel J. F. M. WINTERSCALE,
Jton. General treasurer.
P. F. S. AMERY, Esq., j.p., Druid, AshburUm.
Jton. Enteral 3b f err tar tea.
J. BROOKING-ROWE, Esq., F.8.A., f.l.8., Castle Barbican, PlympUm.
MAXWELL ADAMS, Esq., Wolborough House, Newton Abbot.
Hon. loral treasurer anb Secretary.
F. A. SEARLE, Esq., Bank House, Bideford.
Council.
GIFPARD, HARDINGE F.
GRANVILLE, Preb. ROGER.
HAL8BURY, LORD.
HAMILTON, A. H. A.
HARPER, J.
HARPLEY, Rev. W.
HARRIS, 8. G.
HELLIER, E. W.
HINE, J.
HUDLB8TON, W. H.
HUGHES, T. CANN.
HUNT, A. R.
INGHAM, W.
JORDAN, W. F. C.
KARKEEK, P. Q.
LETHBRIDGE, Sir ROPER.
LOWE, HARFORD J.
MARTIN, J. M.
MORSHEAD, J. Y. A.
NECK, J. S.
PEARSE, R. CHOPE.
PEARSON, J. B.
PHBAR Sir J. B.
POLLOCK, Sir F.
PRICKMAN, J. D.
PROWSE, ARTHUR B.
ADAMS, MAXWELL.
AMBRY, J. S.
AMERY, P. F. 8.
ANDREW. SIDNEY.
BARING-GOULD, Rev. 8.
BINGHAM, Rev. W. P. S.
BIRCH. Rev. W. M.
BLACKLER, T. A.
BOND, F. BL1GH.
BRUSH FIELD, T. N.
BURNARD, R.
CANTERBURY,ARCHBP.OF
CHANDLER, A.
CHAPMAN, C.
CLIFFORD, LORD.
CLINTON, LORD.
COLERIDGE, LORD.
DAVIES, W.
DICKINSON, Rev. F. B.
DOE, G. M.
DUNCAN, A. G.
EDMONDS. Rev.Chancellor.
BLLIOT, E.A.S.
BLWORTHY, F. T.
BVAN8, H. M.
FIRTH, F. H.
RADFORD, Mrs. G. H.
REICHEL, Rkv. O. J.
RISK, Rev. J. E.
ROBINSON, C. E.
ROWB, J. BROOKING.
SAUNDERS, Miss H.
SEARLE, F. A.
8HAPLAND, A E.
SOMERVAIL, A.
SPRAGUE, F. 8.
STEBBING. Rbv. T. R. R.
TAYLOR, Rev. C. H.
THORNTON, Rev. W. H.
TROUP. Mrs.
TUCKER, R. C.
WARD, A. E.
WEEKES, Miss LEGA.
WEYMOUTH, R. F.
WHALE, T. W.
WHITLEY, H. MICHELL.
WICKHAM, Miss.
WINDEATT, E.
WINDBATT, G. E.
WINDEATT, T. W.
WOODHOU8B, H. B. 8.
WORTH, R. HANSFORD.
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[ io 1
PLACES OF MEETING
OF
THE DEVONSHIRE ASSOCIATION.
Place of Meeting.
1862.
Exeter
1863.
Plymouth
1864.
Torquay
1865.
Tiverton
1866.
Tavistock .
1867.
BARN8TAPLE .
1868.
Honiton
1869.
Dartmouth .
1870.
Devonport .
1871.
BlDEFORD
1872.
Exeter
1873.
SlDMOUTH
1874.
Teionmouth .
1875.
TORRINOTON .
1876.
ASHRURTON .
1877.
Kingsbridge .
1878.
Paignton
1879.
Ilfraoombe .
1880.
Totne8
1881.
Dawlish
1882.
Crediton
1883.
EXMOUTH
1884.
Newton Abbot
1885.
Seaton
1886.
St. Maryohuroh
1887.
Plympton
1888.
Exeter
1889.
Tavistock .
1890.
Barnstaple .
1891.
Tiverton
1892.
Plymouth
1893.
Torquay
1894.
South Molton
1895.
Okehampton .
1896.
ASHBURTON .
1897.
Kingsbridge .
1898.
Honiton
1899.
TORRINOTON .
1900.
TOTNBS
1901.
Exeter
1902.
BlDEFORD
President
Sir John Bowring, ll.d., f.r.8.
C. S pence Bate, Esq., f.r.8., f.l.s.
E. Vivian, Esq., m.a.
C. 6. B. Daubeny, m.d., ll.d., f.r.8., Pro-
fessor of Botany, Oxford.
Earl Russell, e.g., k.g.c, f.r.8., etc.
W. Pengelly , Esq. , f. r. 8. , f. g. s.
J. D. Coleridge, Esq., q.c, m.a., m.p.
G. P. Bidder, Esq., o.E.
J. A. Froude, Esq., m.a.
Rev. Canon C. Kingsley, m.a., f.l.s., f.g.s.
Rt. Rev. Lord Bishop of Exeter (Dr. Temple).
Right Hon. S. Cave, m.a., m.p.
Earl of Devon.
R. J. King, Esq., m.a.
Rev. Treasurer Hawker, m.a.
Ven. Archdeacon Earle, m.a.
Sir Samuel White Baker, m.a., f.r.8., f.r.g.s.
Sir R. P. Collier, m.a.
H. W. Dyke Acland, m.a., m.d., ll.d., f.r.8.
Rev. Professor Chapman, m.a.
J. Brooking- Ro we, Esq., F.8.A., f.l.8.
Very Rev. C. Men vale, d.d., d.cl.
Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, m.a.
R. F. Weymouth, Esq., m.a., d.Lxt.
Sir J. B. Phear, M.A., f.g.s.
Rev. W. H. Dallinger, ll.d., f.r.8., f.l.8., etc
Very Rev. Dean Cowie, d.d.
W. H. Hudleston, Esq., m.a., f.r.8., f.g.s.
f.l.8., etc.
Lord Clinton, M.A.
R. N. Worth, Esq., f.g.s.
A. H. A. Hamilton, Esq., m.a., j.p., 0.0.
T. N. Brushfield, m.d.
Sir Fred. Pollock, Bart, m.a.
Lord Halsbury.
Rev. S. Baring-Gould, M.A.
J. Hine, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.
Lord Coleridge, m.a.
Rev. Chancellor Edmonds, B.D.
Lord Clifford, m.a.
Sir Roper Lethbridge, k.o.i.e., M.A., d.l., j.p.
Rev. W. Harpley, M.A., f.c.p.8.
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[ 11 ]
EULES.
1. The Association shall be styled the Devonshire Association
for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art.
2. The objects of the Association are — To give a stronger
impulse and a more systematic direction to scientific enquiry in
Devonshire ; and to promote the intercourse of those who cultivate
Science, Literature, or Art, in different parts of the county.
3. The Association shall consist of Members, Honorary Members,
and Corresponding Members.
4. Every candidate for membership, on being nominated by a
member to whom he is personally known, shall be admitted by
the General Secretary, subject to the confirmation of the General
Meeting of the Members.
5. Persons of eminence in Literature, Science, or Art, connected
with the West of England, but not resident in Devonshire,
may, at a General Meeting of the Members, be elected Honorary
Members of the Association; and persons not resident in the
county, who feel an interest in the Association, may be elected
Corresponding Members.
6. Every Member shall pay an Annual Contribution of Half
a Guinea, or a Life Composition of Five Guineas.
7. Ladie6 only shall be admitted as Associates to an Annual
Meeting, and shall pay the sum of Five Shillings each.
8. Every Member shall be entitled gratuitously to a lady's ticket.
9. The Association shall meet annually, at such a time in July
or August and at such place as shall be decided on at the previous
Annual Meeting.
10. A President, two or more Vice-Presidents, a General
Treasurer, and one or more General Secretaries, shall be elected
at each Annual Meeting.
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12 RULES.
11. The President shall not he eligible for re-election.
12. Each Annual Meeting shall appoint a local Treasurer and
Secretary, who, with power to add to their number any Members
of the Association, shall be a local Committee to assist in making
such local arrangements as may be desirable.
13. In the intervals of the Annual Meetings, the affairs of the
Association shall be managed by a Council, which shall consist
exclusively of the following Members of the Association, excepting
Honorary Members, and Corresponding Members : —
(a) Those who fill, or have filled, or are elected to fill, the offices
of President, General and Local Treasurers, General and Local Secre-
taries, and Secretaries of Committees appointed by the Council
(b) Authors of papers which have been printed in extenso in
the Transactions of the Association.
14. The Council shall hold a Meeting at Exeter in the month
of January or February in each year, on such day as the General
Secretary shall appoint, for the due management of the affairs of
the Association, and the performing the duties of their office.
15. The General Secretary, or any four members of the Council,
may call extraordinary meetings of their body, to be held at
Exeter, for any purpose requiring their present determination, by
notice under his or their hand or hands, addressed to every other
member of the Council, at least ten clear days previously, specifying
the purpose for which such extraordinary meeting is convened.
No matter .not so specified, and not incident thereto, shall be
determined at any extraordinary meeting.
16. The General Treasurer and Secretary shall enter on their
respective offices at the meeting at which they are elected ; but
the President, Vice-Presidents, and Local Officers, not until the
Annual Meeting next following.
17. With the exception of the Ex-Presidents only, every
Councillor who has not attended any Meeting, or adjourned
Meeting, of the Council during the period between the close
of any Annual General Meeting of the Members and the close
of the next but two such Annual General Meetings, shall have
forfeited his place as a Councillor, but it shall be competent for
him to recover it by a fresh qualification.
18. The Council shall have power to fill any Official vacancy
which may occur in the intervals of the Annual Meetings.
19. The Annual Contributions shall be payable in advance, and
shall be due in each year on the first day of July.
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RULES. 13
20. The Treasurer shall receive all sums of money due to the
Association ; he shall pay all accounts due by the Association after
they shall have been examined and approved ; and he shall report
to each meeting of the Council the balance he has in hand, and
the names of such members as shall be in arrear, with the sums
due respectively by each.
21. Whenever a Member shall have been three months in arrear
in the payment of his Annual Contributions, the Treasurer shall
apply to him for the same. When more than the current year's
Subscription is due, the Annual Volume of Transactions shall be
withheld until all arrears shall be paid.
22. Whenever, at an Annual Meeting, a Member shall be two
years in arrear in the payment of his Annual Contributions, the
Council may, at its discretion, erase his name from the list of
members.
23. The General Secretary shall, at least one month before each
Annual Meeting, inform each member by circular of the place and
date of the Meeting.
24. Members who do not, on or before the day of the Annual
Meeting, give notice, in writing or personally, to the General
Secretary of their intention to withdraw from the Association,
shall be regarded as members for the ensuing year.
25. The Association shall, within three months after each Annual
Meeting, publish its Transactions, including the Rules, a Financial
Statement, a List of the Members, the Report of the Council, the
President's Address, and such Papers, in abstract or in extenso,
read at the Annual Meeting, as shall be decided by the Council.
26. The Association shall have the right at its discretion of
printing in extenso in its Transactions all papers read at the Annual
Meeting. The Copyright of a paper read before any meeting of
the Association, and the illustrations of the same which have been
provided at his expense, shall remain the property of the Author ;
but he shall not be at liberty to print it, or allow it to be printed
elsewhere, either in extenso or in abstract amounting to as much as
one-half of the length of the paper, before the first of November
next after the paper is read.
27. The Authors of papers printed in the Transactions shall,
within seven days after the Transactions are published, receive
twenty-five private copies free of expense, and shall be allowed to
have any further number printed at their own expense. All
arrangements as to such extra copies to be made by the Authors
with the Printers to the Association.
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14 RULES.
28. If proofs of papers to be published in the Transactions
be sent to Authors for correction, and are retained by them
beyond four days for each sheet of proof, to be reckoned from the
day marked thereon by the printers, but not including the time
needful for transmission by post, such proofs shall be assumed to
require no further correction.
29. Should the extra charges for small type, and types other
than those known as Roman or Italic, and for the Author's correc-
tions of the press, in any paper published in the Transactions,
amount to a greater sum than in the proportion of ten shillings
per sheet, such excess shall be borne by the Author himself, and
not by the Association ; and should any paper exceed four sheets,
the cost beyond the cost of the four sheets shall be borne by the
Author of the paper.
30. Every Member shall, within three months after each Annual
Meeting, receive gratuitously a copy of the Transactions, provided
his or her Subscription for the previous year has been received.
31. The Accounts of the Association shall be audited annually,
by Auditors appointed at each Annual Meeting, but who shall not
be ex officio Members of the Council.
32. No rule shall be altered, amended, or added, except at an
Annual General Meeting of Members, and then only provided
that notice of the proposed change has been given to the General
Secretary, and by him communicated to all the Members at least
one month before the Annual General Meeting.
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[ 15 ]
BYE-LAWS AND STANDING ORDERS.
1. In the interests of the Association it is desirable that the
President's Address in each year be printed previous to its
delivery.
2. In the event of there being at an Annual Meeting more
Papers than can be disposed of in one day, the reading of the
residue shall be continued the day following.
3. The pagination of the Transactions shall be in Arabic
numerals exclusively, and carried on consecutively, from the
beginning to the end of each volume; and the Transactions of
each year shall form a distinct and separate volume.
4. The General Secretary shall bring to each Annual Meeting
of the Members a report of the number of copies in stock of each
4 Part ' of the Transactions, with the price per copy of each ' Part '
specified; and such report shall be printed in the Transactions
next after the Treasurer s financial statement.
5. The General Secretary shall prepare and bring to each
Annual Meeting brief Obituary Notices of Members deceased
during the previous year, and such notices shall be printed in the
Transactions.
6. An amount not less than 80 per cent of all Compositions
received from existing Life Members of the Association shall be
applied in the purchase of National Stock, or such other security
as the Council may deem equally satisfactory, in the names of
three Trustees, to be elected by the Council.
7. At each of its Ordinary Meetings the Council shall deposit at
interest, in such bank as they shall decide on, and in the names of
the General Treasurer and General Secretary of the Association, all
uninvested Compositions received from existing Life-Members, all
uninvested prepaid Annual Subscriptions, and any part, or the
whole, of the balance derived from other sources which may be in
the Treasurer's hands after providing for all accounts passed for
payment at the said Meeting.
8. The General Secretary, on learning at any time between the
Meetings of the Council that the General Treasurer has a balance
in hand of not less than Forty Pounds after paying all Accounts
which the Council have ordered to be paid, shall direct that so
much of the said balance as will leave Twenty Pounds in the
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16 BYE-LAWS AND STANDING ORDERS.
Treasurer's hand be deposited at interest at the Capital and Counties
Bank, Ashburton.
9. The General Secretary shall be authorized to spend any sum
not exceeding Ten Pounds per annum in employing a clerk for
such work as he finds necessary.
10. The General Secretary shall, within one month of the close
of each Annual Meeting of the Association, send to each Member
newly elected at the said Meeting a copy of the following letter : —
Devonshire Association for (he Advancement of Science, Literature,
and Art.
Sir, — I have the pleasure of informing you that on the of
July, , you were elected a Member of the Association on the
nomination of
The copy of the Transactions for the current year, which will be for-
warded to you in due course, will contain the Laws of the Association.
Meanwhile I beg to call your attention to the following statements : —
(1) Every Member pays an Annual Contribution of Half a Guinea,
or a Life Composition of Five Guineas.
(2) The Annual Contributions are payable in advance, and are due
in each year on the day of the Annual Meeting.
(3) Members who do not, on or before the day of the Annual
Meeting, give notice in writing or personally to the General Secretary
of their intention to withdraw from the Association are regarded as
Members for the ensuing year.
The Treasurer's Address is — P. F. S. Amkry, Esq., Druid, Ashburton.
— I remain, Sir, your faithful Servant,
Hon. Sec.
11. The reading of any Report or Paper shall not exceed twenty
minutes, or such part of twenty minutes as shall be decided by the
Council as soon as the Programme of Reports and Papers shall
have been settled, and in any discussion which may arise no speaker
shall be allowed to speak more than ten minutes.
12. Papers to be read to the Annual Meetings of the Association
must strictly relate to Devonshire, and, as well as all Reports
intended to be printed in the Transactions of the Association, and
prepared by Committees appointed by the Council, must, together
with all drawings intended to be used in illustrating them in the
said Transactions, reach the General Secretary's residence not later
than the 24th day of June in each year. The General Secretary
shall, not later than the 7th of the following July, return to the
Authors all such Papers or drawings as he may decide to be unsuit-
able to be printed or to serve as illustrations in the said Transac-
tions, and shall send the residue, together with the said Reports of
Committees, to the Association's Printers, who shall return the
same so that they may reach the General Secretary's residence not
later than on the 14th day of the said July, together with a state-
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BYE-LAWS AND STANDING ORDERS. 17
ment of the number of pages each of them would occupy if printed
in the said Transactions, as well as an estimate of the extra cost of
the printing of such Tables, of any kind, as may form part of any
of the said Papers and Keports ; and the General Secretary shall
lay the whole, as well as an estimate of the probable number of
Annual Members of the Association for the year commencing on
that day, before the first Council Meeting on the first day of the
next ensuing Annual Meeting, when the Council shall select not a
greater number of the Papers thus laid before them than will, with
the other documents to be printed in the said Transactions, make
as many sheets of printed matter as can be paid for with the sum
of 60 per cent, of the subscriptions for the year of the said
probable number of Annual Members, and any part or the whole
of such balance, not derived from Compositions of existing Life
Members, or from prepaid Annual Subscriptions, as may be lying
at interest, as well as that which may be iu the Treasurer's hands ;
this sum shall be exclusive of the extra cost of the printing of
such aforesaid Tables, which have been approved and accepted by
the Council, provided the aggregate of the said extra cost do not
exceed six per cent, of the said subscriptions ; exclusive also of the
printers' charge for corrections of the press ; and also exclusive of
the cost of printing an Index, a list of Errata, and such Resolu-
tions passed at the next Winter Meeting of the Council, as may be
directed to be so printed at the said Winter Meeting; and the
number of Papers selected by the Council shall not be greater than
will, with the Keports of Committees, make a Total of 40 Reports
and Papers.
13. Papers communicated by Members for Non-Members, and
accepted by the Council, shall be placed in the Programme below
those furnished by Members themselves.
14. Papers which have been accepted by the Council cannot be
withdrawn without the consent of the Council.
15. The Council will do their best so to arrange Papers for
reading as to suit the convenience of the Authors ; but the place of
a Paper cannot be altered after the Programme has been settled by
the Council.
16. Papers which have already been printed in extenso cannot be
accepted unless they form part of the literature of a question on
which the Council has requested a Member or Committee to
prepare a report.
17. Every meeting of the Council shall be convened by Circular,
sent by the General Secretary to each Member of the Council not
less than ten days before the Meeting is held.
18. All Papers read to the Association which the Council shall
VOL. XXXIV. B
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18 BYE-LAWS AND STANDING ORDERS.
decide to print in extenso in the Transactions, shall be sent to the
printers, together with all drawings required in illustrating them,
on the day next following the close of the Annual Meeting at which
they were read.
19. All Papers read to the Association which the Council shall
decide not to print in extenso in the Transactions, shall be returned
to the Authors not later than the day next following the close of
the Annual Meeting at which they were read; and abstracts of such
Papers to be printed in the Transactions shall not exceed one-
fourth of the length of the Paper itself, and must be sent to the
General Secretary on or before the seventh day after the close of
the Annual Meeting.
20. The Author of every Paper which the Council at any Annual
Meeting shall decide to print in the Transactions shall be expected
to pay for all such illustrations as in his judgment the said Paper
may require.
21. The printers shall do their utmost to print the Papers in the
Transactions in the order in which they were read, and shall return
every Manuscript to the author as soon as it is in type, but not
before. They shall be returned intact, provided they are written
on loose sheets and on one side of the paper only.
22. Excepting mere verbal alterations, no Paper which has been
read to the Association shall be added to without the written
approval and consent of the General Secretary ; and no additions
shall be made except in the form of notes or postscripts,
or both.
23. In the intervals of the Annual Meetings, all Meetings of
the Council shall be held at Exeter, unless some other place shall
have been decided on at the previous Council Meeting.
24. When the number of copies on hand of any ' Part ' of the
Transactions is reduced to twenty, the price per copy shall be
increased 25 per cent. ; and when the number has been reduced to
ten copies, the price shall be increased 50 per cent on the original
price.
25. After deducting the amount received by the sale of
Transactions from last year's valuation, and adding the value of
Transactions for the current year, a deduction of 10 per cent,
shall be every year made from the balance, and this balance, less
10 per cent., shall be returned as the estimated value of the
Transactions in stock for the current year.
26. The Association's Printers, but no other person, may reprint
any Committee's Report printed in the Transactions of the Associa-
tion, for any person, whether a Member of the said Committee, or
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BYE-LAWS AND STANDING ORDERS. 19
of the Association, or neither, on receiving, in each case, a written
permission to do so from the Honorary Secretary of the Association,
but not otherwise; that the said printers shall pay to the said
Secretary, for the Association, sixpence for every fifty Copies of
each half-sheet of eight pages of which the said Report consists ;
that any number of copies less than fifty, or between two exact
multiples of fifty, shall be regarded as fifty ; and any number of
pages less than eight, or between two exact multiples of eight,
shall be regarded as eight ; that each copy of such Reprints shall
have on its first page the words " Reprinted from the Transactions
of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science,
Literature, and Art for with the consent of the Council of
the Association," followed by the date of the year in which the
said Report was printed in the said Transactions, but that, with the
exception of printer's errors and changes in the pagination which
may be necessary or desirable, the said Reprint shall be in every
other respect an exact copy of the said Report as printed in the
said Transactions without addition, or abridgment, or modification
of any kind.
27. The General Secretary shall, within one month after each
Annual General Meeting, inform the Hon. Local Treasurer and the
Hon. Local Secretary, elected at the said Meeting, that, in making
or sanctioning arrangements for the next Annual General Meeting,
it is eminently desirable that they avoid and discourage everything
calculated to diminish the attendance at the General and Council
Meetings, or to disturb the said Meetings in any way.
28. The Bye-Laws and Standing Orders shall be printed after
the ' Rules ' in the Transactions.
29. All resolutions appointing Committees for speeial service for
the Association shall be printed in the Transactions next before
the President's Address.
30. Members and Ladies holding Ladies' Tickets intending to
dine at the Association Dinner shall be requested to send their
names to the Hon. Local Secretary; no other person shall be
admitted to the dinner, and no names shall be received after the
Monday next before the dinner.
31. Members admitted by the General Secretary during the
interval between two Annual General Meetings, and who decide
when admitted to compound for the Annual Contributions, shall
be entitled to receive the publications of the Association during
the Association's year then current, provided their compositions are
paid not later than the last day of January, but shall not be thus
entitled if their compositions are paid between that date and the
next Annual General Meeting of the Association.
b 2
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[ 20 ]
PROCEEDINGS AT THE FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL
MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION.
Held at Bidbford, July 29th to August 1st, 1902.
For the second time the Association accepted the invitation
of the "men of Bideford" to hold its Annual Meeting in
"the little white town on the hill," and on the 29th July
Members from all parts began to arrive.
At two o'clock the meeting of the Council was held in
the old Council Chamber, Sir Roper Lethbridge presiding.
The list of Reports and Papers received for presentation and
reading was considered and settled. The Treasurer brought
up his Report, and the Report of the Council to be pre-
sented to the Members at the Annual Meeting was agreed
upon.
At 430 the Worshipful the Mayor (Mr. E. J. Tattersill),
the Magistrates, Aldermen, and Council of Bideford received
the Association at the Town Hall, which was crowded with
Members and their hosts. The Mayor, in an admirable
speech, warmly welcomed the Association to the ancient
town, and referred to the writings of Kingsley, who was
President when the Society held its Meeting in Bideford in
1871, and how much they had done to make the town and
its attractions known all over the world.
Sir Roper Lethbridge, the President, returned the thanks
of the Members for the very warm welcome they had re-
ceived, and referred at length to the history of the town and
neighbourhood in which they met.
The Meeting of Members followed, when a large number
of new Members were elected, and the resignations of others
were accepted. The Report of the Council (printed p. 26)
and the Treasurer's Report and audited Balance Sheet
(printed pp. 28-9) were received and adopted.
By the kind invitation of Admiral Sir William Dowell
and Lady Dowell the Members attended a garden-party at
their delightful residence, Ford.
At eight o'clock, in the Town Hall, the outgoing Presi-
dent, Sir Roper Lethbridge, formally introduced the new
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING. 21
President. In this case no introduction was needed, for
from the foundation of the Association the Rev. W. Harpley
has been closely connected with it, and has done much in
raising it to its present position of prosperity, having,
until his resignation in 1900, through the whole course of
its existence, with satisfaction to the Members and credit
to himself, discharged the onerous duties of General Secre-
tary, and that for many years past single-handed. The vote
of thanks to the President for his address was moved by the
Mayor of Bideford, seconded by Sir John B. Phear, and it
was carried by acclamation.
On Wednesday the reading of the Reports and accepted
papers commenced. Discussion followed the reading of
many of these. Soon after four o'clock the proceedings
were adjourned to the next day. The following is the
full list:—
T",S£lSEi SSStt &£ } *** <**"""> '• —
Nineteenth Report of the Committee on \ D » „ AaM ,
DevoiishireFolk-lore . . . J P' F' S' Amery'
Nineteenth Report of the Committee on \ v m mMm,i,m. „ „ A
Devonshire Verbal Provincialisms . J F' Tt ******* *•*•*•
^^J2^^°rt °f ^ C°mmittee °n 1 A Hansford Worth, C.B.
Eleventh Report of the Committee on \ T Tim.Mu;„„ *,„,„ „ a A „ . „
Devonshire Records . . . } J' booking- Bowey i.u, f.us.
Eighth Report of the Dartmoor Explora- J ^bert Burnard, F.8.A.
tion Committee . . . . j '
The ^mC™* 8t0ne M°.nUment8 °[)Bdbcrt Burnard, F.8.A.
^ «f,aDd °^™V*»n Railway J SirRoper ^aoMge, K.C.I.E., m.a.
A History of the <*urch at Bideford \ ^ Fr,hmd(l K Granville,*.*.
and some of its Rectors . j 9 *
The Long Bridge of Bideford . . Alexander O. Duncan.
Extracts from a Devonshire Lady's Notes ) „ n^^iA t J?^h*7 * n t
ofTravelinFrancein the Eighteenth ( ^. Oswald J. Hetchel, B.O.L.,
Century ) *a., f.8.a.
J°hDS?x^nth ^ntoS^ °f HaCC.0mbe; | T. M BrmhJUld, M.D., f.s.a.
Index to Domesday Analysis, vol. xxvlii., )
and Testa de Nevill Tax Roll, voL J Rev. T. W. Whale, m.a.
xxx., with Corrections . . . )
TOtTart mMftyOTS T1 M*y0TM"l}m™rdmndeaU.
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22 PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING.
An Index to the Printed Literature re- J M^M Adam8
lating to North Devon . . . )
A FS^n EpiS<>de ** DeV°n C°Unt! I IUV' J' ^Mne-Ilisk, MjL-
Twelve Months' Notes on Birds in the )
South Hams District: with special \E. A. S. Elliot, M.R.c.s, M.B.O.U.
reference to Nightingales in Devon )
Early Nonconformity in Bideford . . Miss Wickham.
Th6 JhrlLd **? °f ^ MTr °.f | * Pea™ Chope' BA>
"ta str* ^iHenry d:} * * *«*«* «*. —
Start Point to Petitor, and the Drifting ( Arthur R. Hunt, m.a., F.L.8.,
of Shingle ) F.o.8.
ThC Boerdersraphy °f Dwtm°.°r and ite } * Hansford Worth, c.E.
Some lather Observations on theTeign ) A Somervail, f.g.s.
and its Valley . )
Devonshire Screens and Rood Lofts . F. Bligh Bond, f.r.i.b.a.
Inventories of the Collegiate Churches )
of the Holy Cross, Crediton ; and Our > H. Michell Whitley.
Blessed Lady of Ottery . . . J
" Fees of the Bishop of Exeter" in Testa \ Rev. Oswald J. Reichel, B.C.L.,
de Nevil, p. 187 . . . .) M.A., f.s.a.
Torrington, Devon— Torrington, Conncc- J „_ M ~
ticut i y
Neighbours of North Wyke. Part II. . Miss E. Lego- Weekes.
" Giffard's Jump " .... Hardinge F. Giffard, u.Jl., f.s.a.
^'Sr^artn!11! C°r?°rati;m °*} Edward WindeaU.
The Devonshire Vonusday. Part VI. : j ^ Q u j ^^
Some Notes on Part L of Domesday ; ' *
Identifications . . . .) m.a., f.s.a.
A visit to Yeo Vale, a charming house in a lovely valley,
full of valuable and beautiful things, was made later in the
day. Major and Mrs. Morrison-Kirkwood, who had asked
the Members to afternoon tea there, gave them a very cordial
reception. The ancient chapel of the house, which be-
longed to the Yeos and Giffards, and which was situated
west of the entrance to the present house, and very near it,
was removed long since to a site on the other side of the
road, and appears to be now ruinous.
The Annual Dinner took place in the evening, the Presi-
dent in the chair. About a hundred and twenty were
present, and a very pleasant evening was passed, the speeches
being brief and to the point.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING. 23
On Thursday morning the members again assembled in
large numbers, when the reading and discussion of papers
was resumed. The list was gone through and the work
completed by three o'clock, when the proceedings of the
adjourned Annual Meeting were resumed. The invitation of
the Urban District Council of Sidmouth to hold the Annual
Meeting at Sidmouth in 1903, with Sir Edgar Vincent as
President, was accepted, and the list of Vice-Presidents and
officers approved. Hearty votes of thanks to the Local
Committee for the use of the rooms provided for the
Meeting, and for the excellent arrangements made for the
comfort and convenience of the Members, and to Mr. F. A.
Searle, the Local Treasurer and Secretary, for his services
in connection with this Meeting, were passed. In support-
ing this last resolution, Mr. Alderman Dymond and Mr.
Brooking- Eowe spoke in the highest terms of the services
rendered by Mr. Searle, the latter, as one of the general
Officers, bearing testimony to the great value of Mr. Searle's
assistance, which had caused all the proceedings connected
with the Meeting to be so satisfactory.
After the reading of Mr. Burnard's paper on "The Dis-
appearing Stone Monuments of Dartmoor," it was decided
that the question of the great mischief being done to pre-
historic remains in the county should be brought forward
later at the Meeting of Members. Mr. Kobert Burnard
now moved the following resolution : —
"That this meeting desires to record its protest against the
gradual destruction of the Ancient Stone Monuments of the
Forest of Dartmoor and the Commons of Devon — especially on
the areas adjacent to highways — and expresses the hope that
prompt and effective steps may be taken to bring this destruction
under the notice of Members of Parliament, the Duchy of Corn-
wall, the County Council, District Councils, the Society of
Antiquaries, the National Trust, Landowners, Lords of Manors,
Commoners, and others, so that these monuments may be pre-
served for the instruction and pleasure of future generations.
This meeting is of opinion, that as much of this destruction is
caused by road-menders, who are empowered to remove surface
stones from commons and wastes under the Highway Act of
William IV., such part of this Act conferring this power should
be repealed, and all road-metalling derived from quarries, to the
advantage of the roads and the preservation of the monuments."
This was carried unanimously, and the Secretaries were
instructed to issue a circular.
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24 PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING.
A meeting of the Council followed. It was decided to
print all the papers which had been read in the volume of
Transactions. This concluded the business proper of the
1902 Meeting.
The President and a large party then went to Westward
Ho ! to enjoy the breezes of Northam and the Burrows. At
the Kingsley College Gymnasium Mr. and Mrs. Alexander
G. Duncan were kind enough to provide tea — very welcome
and greatly appreciated — for a thirsty throng.
In the evening the Mayor and Mayoress of Bideford
(Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Tattersill) held a reception at the
Music Hall, in Bridgeland Street, which was attended by a
large number of guests. A very enjoyable musical pro-
gramme was arranged, and a very pleasant evening spent.
The Friday's excursion had been looked forward to by
many. A large party started at ten o'clock, and drove to
Clovelly. The quaint village was visited, and then the
church. Mr. and Mrs. Hamlyn had most kindly invited
the Members of the Association and their friends to lunch
at Clovelly Court, and a large party sat down in the long
lower corridor of the mansion, and partook of the hospitality
so thoughtfully proffered.
After lunch and a walk round through some of the
grounds and gardens, the party assembled on the terrace,
when the President, the Eev. W. Harpley, tendered the
thanks of the Members to Mr. and Mrs. Hamlyn for their
hospitality and welcome. Mr. Hamlyn acknowledged these
thanks, and expressed his pleasure and that of Mrs. Hamlyn
at seeing so many of the Members of the Association at
the Court. The drive was then continued to Hartland
Abbey, which the owner, Sir W. Lewis S. Stucley, who was
absent from home, had given directions should be thrown
open to our Members, and under the guidance of Mr. E.
Pearse Chope the fine rooms of the house were visited, and
the few remains of the ancient buildings pointed out.
Leaving the Abbey, the party proceeded to the church of
Stoke Nectan, the parish church of Hartland, where it
found the Eev. T. H. Chope, the vicar, waiting its arrival.
Mr. Chope gave a full and interesting account of the
church. A long time was spent in the examination of the
architecture of the building and its monuments and fine
screen. At length a return was made to the carriages, and
an unexpected halt was made at Hartland, the Local Com-
mittee having very kindly arranged for a tea in the school-
room. The drive back to Bideford was a pleasant one.
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PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING. 25
The meeting was from beginning to end a pleasant and
successful one. The weather was favourable during the
whole of the time ; what rain there was, fell during the
night. The papers were good, and the discussions in-
teresting, and it is hoped the prestige of the Society has
been well sustained.
In connection with this meeting two matters were fre-
quently topics of conversation. One was that referred to
by the Mayor at the reception at the Guildhall and again at
the dinner — there is not in Bideford any memorial of Charles
Kingsley. This ought not to be. There seems to be a good
place for a bust, opposite that of Pine-Coffin at the east end
of the bridge. The second matter was the paucity of local
papers. Those of Prebendary Granville, Mr. Alexander
Duncan, and Miss Wickham were admirable, but why were
there not more? The ancient history of the bridge would
make a good paper, and supply a want. The municipal
history has to be written. There are many old houses to
be redescribed and their associations dwelt upon, and the
ecclesiastical history has been scarcely touched. One of the
objects of the Association is to encourage inquiry into the
history of the towns visited, and preference will always be
given to papers of this kind, to the exclusion, if necessary, of
others of more general interest.
J. Brooking-Eowe,
Maxwell Adams,
Hon, Secretaries.
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[ 26 ]
REPORT OP THE COUNCIL.
Presented to the General Meeting at Bideford, July 29thf 1902.
In accordance with the instructions of the Members at the
concluding meeting, held on the 1st August, 1901, an
account of the proceedings at the Exeter Meeting of that
year appeared in the volume of Transactions published in
November last. The Report of the Council to be presented
at this meeting will be, therefore, necessarily brief.
The Winter Meeting of the Council was held on the 29th
February last. The usual routine business was transacted,
and the invitation of the Urban District Council of Sidmouth
to hold the Annual Meeting of 1903 in that town was
accepted, subject to the approval of the Members at this
Meeting.
The Council regrets to report a serious loss to the Society
in connection with the disastrous fire at its printers' (Messrs.
Brendon and Son), in May last, when the whole of the stock
of the Transactions and Extra Parts was destroyed. In 1891
the amount of the insurance was increased to £400. There
was some little difficulty in adjusting the claim, but eventually
the assessors for the Insurance Companies agreed to pay the
amount, which, less certain premiums not debited and the
assessors' commission, has been received by the Treasurer.
Instead, therefore, of the stock of Transactions — the esti-
mated value of which in 1901 was set down at £638, but
which, of course, produced no revenue — we have now about
£350 cash, which when invested will add to the annual
income of the Association.
The Council has published the President's Address, together
with Obituary Notices of Members deceased during the pre-
ceding year, the Reports and Papers read at Exeter, the
Treasurer's Report, and Standing Orders and Bye-Laws, and
issued in February last an Index to vol. xxxiii. (vol. iii.
second series) of the Transactions, and a Table of Errata.
Copies of the volume of Transactions and of the Index
have been sent to the Members and to the following
Societies: The Royal Society, the Linnsean Society, the
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REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. 27
Geological Society, the Society of Antiquaries, the Anthro-
pological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, the Royal
Institution, the Devon and Exeter Institution, the Plymouth
Institution and Devon and Cornwall Natural History
Society, the Torquay Natural History Society, the North
Devon Athenaeum (Barnstaple), the Royal Institution of
Cornwall (Truro), the Library of the British Museum
(Natural History, Cromwell Road), the Bodleian Library,
Oxford, and the University Library, Cambridge.
J. Brooking-Rowe,
Maxwell Adams,
2&ih July, 1902. Hon, Secretaries.
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[ 28 ]
Treasurer's Report of Receipts and Expenditure
Becetpte.
By Arrears of Subscriptions prior to 1900 .
for 1900-1 .
,, Annual Subscriptions, 1901-2
,, Prepaid Subscriptions, 1902-8
,, Life Compositions (6)
„ Dividends on Consols
,, Lady Associate Tickets at Exeter
,, Sale of "Transactions" during 1900-1
,, ,, Indices ,,
„ ,, " Domesday " Parte „
„ ,, Devon Wills ,,
„ Sale of "Transactions" during 1901-2
,, ,, Indices ,,
„ „ Devon Wills „
,, Discount from Messrs. Brendon and Son
„ Balance brought over from 1901
„ Balance overspent
£ t.
d, £ s.
d.
3 13
6
17 6
6
184 5
6
9 9
0
— 214 14
6
,
. 31 10
0
.
. 7 15
6
.
. 3 0
0
5 16
6
0 9
6
0 2
0
0 6
0
3 5
0 4
0 19
— 6 14 0
9
0
0
4 8 9
.
. 5 13 8
#
273 16 5
. 21 9 0
.
295 5 5
. 47 3 10
£342 9 3
(Signed)
P. F. S. AMERY, Jim. General Treasurer.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
[ 29 ]
during the year ending ZOth June, 1902.
(Expenditure.
To Messrs. Brendon and Son —
Circulars, Stationery, etc. .
Index to vol. xxxii. and forwarding .
Printing "Transactions," vol. xxxiii., and Covers
Doing up and forwarding do.
Corrections and small type .
Separate papers, 25 each, and forwarding
8 7
6 5
244 5
19 16
20 10
17 16
d. £
6
6
6
6
6
6
British Record Society, " Devonshire Wills "
Hon. General Secretary's Petty Expenses
Hon. General Secretary's Assistant
Hon. General Treasurer, Postage and Expenses
Dent, Printing Notices and Forms
£342 9 3
/ have examined the foregoing Accounts with the Vouchers, and find them
to be correct, and that there is a balance of £47 3s. lOd. overspent.
(Signed) EOBEET C. TUCKER,
Auditor,
15th July, 1902.
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[ 30 ]
SELECTED MINUTES OF COUNCIL APPOINTING
COMMITTEES.
Passed at the Meeting at Bideford, July, 1902.
6. That Dr. Brushfield, Rev. Chancellor Edmonds, b.d., Sir
Roper Lethbridge, Rev. W. Harpley, Mr. J. Hine, and Mr. J.
Brooking-Rowe be a Committee for the purpose of considering at
what place the Association shall hold its Meeting in 1904, who
shall be invited to be the Officers during the year beginning with
that Meeting, and who shall be invited to fill any official vacancy
or vacancies which may occur before the Annual Meeting in 1903;
that Mr. J. Brooking-Rowe be the Secretary; and that they be
requested to report to the next "Winter Meeting of the Council,
and, if necessary, to the first Meeting of the Council to be held
in August, 1903.
7. That Mr. J. S. Amery, Mr. F. Brent, Dr. Brushfield, Mr.
Robert Burnard, Mr. A. Chandler, Mr. E. A. S. Elliot, Mr. H. M.
Evans, Rev. W. Harpley, Mr. C. E. Robinson, Mr. J. Brooking-
Rowe, Mr. A. Somervail, and Mr. H. B. S. Woodhouse be a
Committee for the purpose of noting the discovery or occurrence
of such facts in any department of scientific inquiry, and connected
with Devonshire, as it may be desirable to place on permanent
record, but which may not be of sufficient importance in themselves
to form the subjects of separate papers; and that Mr. J. Brooking-
Rowe be the Secretary.
8. That Mr. P. F. S. Amery, Rev. S. Baring-Gould, Mr. G. M.
Doe, Rev. W. Harpley, Mr. P. Q. Karkeek, Mr. J. S. Neck, Mrs.
Radford, Mr. J. Brooking-Rowe, Mrs. Troup, and Mr. H. B. S.
"Woodhouse be a Committee for the purpose of collecting notes
on Devonshire Folk-lore; and that Mr. P. F. S. Amery be tbe
Secretary.
9. That Dr. Brushfield, Lord Clifford, Mr. A. J. Davy, Mr.
A. H. A. Hamilton, Mr. J. Hine, and Mr. J. Shelly be a Com-
mittee to prepare a Report on the Public and Private Collections
of Works of Art in Devonshire; and that Mr. J. Hine be the
Secretary.
10. That Mr. J. S. Amery, Dr. Brushfield, Mr. F. T. Elworthy,
Mr. F. H. Firth, Mr. P. Q. Karkeek, Miss Helen Saunders, and
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RESOLUTIONS APPOINTING COMMITTEES. 31
Mrs. Troup be a Committee for the purpose of noting and record-
ing the existing use of any Verbal Provincialisms in Devonshire,
in either written or spoken language ; and that Mr. F. T. Elworthy
be the Secretary.
11. That Mr. P. F. S. Amery, Rev. S. Baring-Gould, Dr.
Brushfield, Mr. Burnard, Mr. Cecil M. Firth, Mr. J. Brooking-
Rowe, and Mr. R. Hansford Worth be a Committee to collect and
record facts relating to Barrows in Devonshire, and to take steps,
where possible, for their investigation ; and that Mr. R. Hansford
Worth be the Secretary.
12. That Mr. J. S. Amery, Mr. A. H. Dymond, Mr. F. H. Firth,
Rev. W. Harpley, Mr. R. C. Tucker, and Mr. T. W. Windeatt
be a Committee for the purpose of making the arrangements for
the Association Dinner at Sidmouth in 1903 ; and that Mr. R. C.
Tucker be the Secretary.
13. That Mr. P. F. S. Amery, Mr. A. Chandler, Sir Alfred
Croft, Mr. James Hamlyn, Mr. W. Ingham, and Mr. J. M.
Wadmore be a Committee to collect and tabulate trustworthy and
comparable Observations on the Climate of Devon ; and that Mr.
A. Chandler be the Secretary.
14. That Sir John Phear, Sir Roper Lethbridge, Dr. Brushfield,
Rev. Chancellor Edmonds, b.d., The Right Rev. the Bishop of
Marlborough, Dean of Exeter (Alfred Earle, d.d.), Mr. J. Brooking-
Rowe, and Mr. E. Windeatt be a Committee for the purpose of
investigating and reporting on any Manuscripts, Records, or Ancient
Documents existing in, or relating to, Devonshire, with the nature
of their contents, their locality, and whether in public or private
hands ; and that Mr. J. Brooking-Rowe be the Secretary.
15. That the Rev. L K. Anderson, Mr. R. Burnard, Rev. S#
Baring-Gould, Mr. J. D. Pode, Mr. J. Brooking-Rowe, Mr. Basil
Thomson, and Mr. R. Hansford Worth be a Committee for the
purpose of exploring Dartmoor; and that the Rev. S. Baring-
Gould be the Secretary.
16. That Mr. J. S. Amery, Mr. R. Burnard, Dr. S. Grose,
Sir Roper Lethbridge, Mr. C. E. Robinson, Mrs. Troup, and Mr.
R. Hansford Worth be a Committee for the purpose of making a
Photographic Survey of Devonshire ; and that Mr. C. E. Robinson
be the Secretary.
17. That Mr. Maxwell Adams, Mr. J. S. Amery, Dr. Brush-
field, Rev. Professor Chapman, Sir Alfred Croft, Rev. 0. J. Reichel,
Mrs. Troup, and Mr. J. Brooking-Rowe be a Sub-Committee to
consider the matter of preparing, according to the best methods,
an Index to the First Series (vols. L-xxx.) of the Transactions;
that Mr. J. S. Amery be the Secretary ; and that this Committee
have power to add to their number.
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32 RESOLUTIONS APPOINTING COMMITTEES.
18. That Mr. Maxwell Adams, Mr. J. S. Amery, Dr. Brush-
field, Rev. Chancellor Edmonds, Rev. T. H. Elliott, Mr. T. Cann
Hughes, Rev. C. Martin, Rev. 0. J. Reichel, Mr. J. Brooking-
Rowe, Mr. George Windeatt, and Mr. T. W. Windeatt be a
Committee to consider and report as to the feasibility of preparing
(as an extra volume or otherwise) a detailed account of the Church
Plate of the Rural Deanery of Totnes; and that Mr. T. Cann
Hughes be the Secretary.
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[ 33 ]
Obituary fiotim.
William Cubitt. The death of William Cubitt, although
it took place so long ago as October, 1891, has not been
recorded. He was a life member.
ii.
David Shier, m.d., was born in Aberdeen, July 29th, 1815.
His parents removed to Banff while he was a child, and he
was educated at the Banff Academy, and afterwards at the
University of Aberdeen, where he took his degree of M.D.
1841. After practising for some years in Banff he went to
British Guiana, where an elder brother was Agricultural
Chemist to the Colony. He was appointed the first Inspector
of Estates Hospitals in 1859, and retired in 1873, coming
to reside in Exmouth in 1876, where he died, 16th June,
1901, and was buried at Littleham on the 20th June.
hi.
John Pablo Bryce, of Bystock House, Withycombe
Raleigh, and of Marley Lodge, was a life member, elected in
1879. He died at Rome 3rd March, 1901, and was buried
in the family vault adjoining the church and yard of St.
John-in-the- Wilderness on the 28th January, 1902.
IV.
The Right Rev. William Robert Brownlow, d.d., was born
at Wilmslow, Cheshire, July 4th, 1830, his father, the Rev.
William Brownlow, being the rector of the parish. He was
educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge, where
he graduated in 1852. After his ordination, in 1853, he
became curate of Great Wyrley, Staffordshire; afterwards
of St. Bartholomew's, Moor Lane, London; of Tetbury,
vol. xxxiv. c
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
34 OBITUARY NOTICES.
Gloucestershire; and, lastly, at St. John's, Torquay. In
1863 he seceded from the Church of England, and was re-
ceived into the Eoman Catholic Church by Father Newman.
He went to Eome to study at the English College there,
and received Eoman orders in December, 1866. He was
sent as missioner to St. Marychurch, where he remained
for several years. In 1878 he was made Canon of Plymouth,
and in 1888 he removed to that town as Vicar-General to
Bishop Vaughan. In 1893 Dr. Brownlow became Provost,
and was appointed one of the domestic chaplains to the
Pope ; and on the death of Bishop Clifford he was appointed
Bishop of Clifton, to which see he was consecrated in 1894
at the Pro-Cathedral In October, 1901, the Bishop was in
London, and there he caught a severe cold. Returning to
his residence, Bishop's House, Park Place, Clifton, he de-
veloped bronchitis and pneumonia. Serious symptoms
showed themselves, and he died on Saturday, 9th Novem-
ber. He was buried in the Cemetery of Holy Souls, Arnos
Vale, Clifton, on the following Tuesday, a large number of
mourners and a vast concourse of people following the body
to the grave. Dr. Brownlow was elected a member in 1882,
and before he became Bishop he was a constant attendant
at our meetings, and the author of papers of value, and his
removal from the county was much felt by the officers and
his fellow-members. He was the author of several works —
a History of the Early Church, Christian Antiquities, Slavery
and Serfdom in Europe — and, in conjunction with Dr. North-
cote, a volume on the Catacombs, Roma Sotteranea.
John Ashley, j.p., of Honiton, died in December, 1901.
He had carried on a successful business in the town for
upwards of sixty years, in partnership with his brother
Edward, who survived him only three months. He was an
old member, having been elected so long ago as 1868, and
assisted in warmly welcoming the Association on both its
visits to Honiton, in 1868 and 1898.
VI.
Peter Varwell was elected a member in 1872, and
for many years he was a frequent attendant at the Annual
Meetings. Of late years ill health and advancing years
prevented, to his great regret, as he more than once in-
formed the writer of this notice, his leaving home. In
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OBITUARY NOTICES. 35
early life Mr. Varwell was the captain of a collier, and his
business prospering he became the owner of several mer-
chant vessels, and the founder of the business of a coal
merchant, which under his management flourished, and is
now carried on by his sons. He was a keen man of
business, and active as a member of the City Council, and
in connection with many philanthropic agencies in Exeter.
He died on the 17th January, 1902, at the age of eighty-two
years.
VII.
William Frederick Collier, of Plymouth, and of Wood-
town, Horrabridge, was for long an active member, having
been elected in 1866. He was a son of John Collier,
merchant, of Plymouth, for some time member of Parliament
for the town. He was born 14th March, 1824, and his life
was a busy, active one, not only in connection with his own
business — he being a member of the old firm of Collier and
Co., corn and wine and spirit merchants — but in many
public and philanthropic activities in the town and neigh-
bourhood. He was associated with the Plymouth Chamber
of Commerce, Cattewater Harbour Commissioners, Sutton
Harbour Improvement Company, Plymouth College, the
Plymouth High Schools for Boys and for Girls, the Ply-
mouth Branch of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
to Children, and the Society for Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals, and was chairman of the Parish Council and
School Board of Sampford Spiney, in which parish his
country residence, Wood town, is situated. He was fond of
sport, and for some years was a prominent member of the
Dartmoor Hunt. He was an old member of the Plymouth
Institution, and frequently lectured. Several papers from
his pen will be found in our Transactions, relating princi-
pally to Dartmoor. The Dartmoor Preservation Association
owed much to his energy. Besides the papers we have
referred to, he was a frequent contributor to the Saturday
Review; and he published two little books, the lives of
William Robert Hicks, of Bodmin, and Henry Terrell.
Some of his contributions to periodicals were collected in
two volumes — A New Book of Sports, and Country Matters
in Short. For some years before his death he had been in
ill health, and frequently suffered severe pain, borne with
patience and fortitude. He died at Woodtown on 9th
February, 1902, aged seventy -eight, and was buried at
Sampford Spiney on the 13th February.
c 2
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36 OBITUARY NOTICES.
VIII.
Daniel Robert Scratton, d.l., j.p., came into this county
from Essex about the year 1869, having purchased the
manor of Ogwell, the ancient possession of the Eeynell
family. He made the place famous in the agricultural
world, devoting to the farm he established there such
personal care as if he had to make his living out of the
land. He recognized to the full the duties and claims
attaching to the possession of property. He built schools,
founded a cottage hospital, gave at considerable cost a
water-supply to Ogwell, lighted his parish church with
acetylene gas, and also provided it with an organ, and when
someone was wanted to blow it he undertook the work,
saying, as he could not sing, he wanted to do something.
He was a busy, active man, fond of work for its own sake.
He had tried every kind of sport, he used to say, but had
found nothing so satisfying as work. He was Chairman of
the Newton Abbot Board of Guardians for some time,
Secretary of the Hospital at Newton Abbot, Honorary Clerk
to the School Boards of Denbury and Ogwell, and Clerk to
the Parish Councils of the same places. He was elected a
member of our Association in 1884, but never took part
in any of the proceedings. He died on the 10th February,
1902, at the age of eighty-five years.
IX.
Sir Andrew Clarke, r.e., g.c.m.g., c.b., etc., was born 27th
July, 1824, and was the son of Colonel Andrew Clarke, of
Belmont, Donegal, Governor of West Australia. He was
educated at the King s School, Canterbury ; Portora, Ennis-
killen ; and the Military Academy, Woolwich ; and entered
the Royal Engineers 1844, and commenced a distinguished
career. Clarke served in the New Zealand Campaigns
(medal), 1847-8 ; M.L.C., Tasmania, 1851 ; Surveyor-General
of Victoria, 1853 ; M.P. for Melbourne ; and was appointed
Minister of Lands, resigning in 1857. He was employed
on the special mission to the West Coast of Africa, in-
cluding Ashanti troubles, 1863-4, and was mentioned
in the despatches. He was Director of Works of the
Navy, 1864-73, and designed and carried out the very
important extensions of the Naval Arsenals at Chatham,
Portsmouth, Plymouth, Cork, Malta, Bermuda, and other
places ; and was afterwards Governor and Commander-in-
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OBITUARY NOTICES. 37
Chief of the Straits Settlements, bringing the Malay
Native States under the protection of Great Britain, and
receiving a medal Afterwards he was sent on the Mission
to Siam, and was Minister of Public Works in India from
1875-80. From 1881 to 1886 he was Inspector -General
of Fortifications, and projected and executed the defences of
coaling stations. He was promoted Major-General in 1885,
and Lieutenant-General in 1886. He waB at the time of
his death Agent-General for Victoria. He was the author
of various works on engineering and sport. Death closed
a long, busy, and useful life 29th March, 1902. He was a
member of the Association for a short time only, having
been elected in 1901.
The Eev. Kichard Bobbins Wolfe, m.a., Prebendary of
Exeter, who was elected a member in 1878, was the second
son of Mr. John Wolfe, of Fitzwilliam Street, Dublin, and
Old Connaught, Bray, and afterwards of Teutewer, Queen's
County. He was born 10th October, 1819; was educated
privately until his matriculation at Trinity College, Dublin.
He took his B.A. degree in 1842, and was ordained deacon
and priest in 1843 by the first Bishop of Ripon, Dr. Longley,
afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury; and licensed to the
curacy of St. Paul's, Leeds. In 1845 he became Curate of
Holy Trinity, and in 1846 Vicar of St Matthew's, both in
Leeds. In 1848 he was offered by the trustees of the
patronage the living of St. Mary Magdalene, Upton, and
he spent the rest of his clerical life as rector of this parish.
He was made Prebendary of Exeter in 1875 by Dr. Temple,
the then Bishop. He was not only active in the duties of
his calling, but he took an intelligent interest in local
affairs, and watched the rapidly growing town of Torquay,
and helped its onward course. He was President of the
Torbay Hospital, a member of the Devon County Council,
a Director of the Torquay Gas Company, and for many
years Chairman of the Newton Abbot Board of Guardians.
He resigned the benefice in 1883, but continued his resi-
dence at Torquay, where and at Leighon, Manaton, his moor-
land residence, he passed the remainder of his life. In 1897
Prebendary Wolfe had a serious illness, and one of his legs
was amputated ; and it was feared that he would never have
rallied, but his vigorous constitution carried him through,
and he lived for five years longer. He died on Good Friday,
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38 OBITUARY NOTICES.
1902, in his sleep, and was buried on the 2nd April in the
graveyard of the church which he had served so long.
XI.
William Eoopb Ilbert, d.l., j.p., became a member of the
Association in 1877, and always took much interest in its
objects. On the two occasions when the Society visited
King8bridge he invited the members to his fine house of
Bowringsleigh, and gave them a warm welcome. On the
last visit, in 1897, a considerable part of an afternoon was
spent there in examining the house and its contents, and in
wandering through the grounds. He was a County Magis-
trate, and for many years a member of the Board of
Guardians and Rural Sanitary Authority, and Chairman of
the Assessment Committee. To his exertions and generosity
in a great measure Kingsbridge owes its railway. He had
been in feeble health for many months before his death,
which came somewhat suddenly on the 30th April, 1902.
Mr. Ilbert was in his seventieth year.
XII.
Lady Bowring. On the eve of the meeting at Bideford
came the news of the death of Deborah Lady Bowring. Her
removal from among us is greatly regretted. From the time
of her marriage, when she came into the county to reside,
she took much interest in the proceedings of the Association,
of which she became a member on her husband's death.1
She frequently attended the Annual Meetings, and took
part in the discussions, and at the dinner always returned
thanks in well-chosen words for the toast of "The Ladies."
She spoke well and with sincerity, and in discussion and
repartee she held her own. She lived in Exeter, and took
an active part in all public affairs affecting the city and the
citizens, and was always to be relied upon for help in
philanthropic endeavours. The last meeting Lady Bowring
attended was at Honiton. Increasing age afterwards pre-
vented her from leaving home to attend subsequent meet-
ings, but a kind message or letter from her always arrived
regretting her absence. She died at 7, Baring Crescent,
Exeter, on the 28th July, 1902, at the age of eighty-five,
and was buried on the Wednesday following.
1 See Trans. , vol. vi., 1873, p. 28, for obituary notice of Sir John
Bowring.
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OBITUARY NOTICES. 39
XIII.
Key. Gbokge Ley Woollcombe, born at Hemerdon, Plymp-
ton, was the eldest son of Vice-Admiral George Wooll-
combe and Mary Elizabeth, daughter of George Ley, of
Cockington. Taking his degrees at Baliol College, Oxford,
he was ordained deacon in 1853, and priest in 1854. His
first curacy was at Eevelstoke, 1853-7. He was then in
charge at Brixton for a few months, and then went to
Kenwyn (1857-64) and to St. Mary's, Truro (1864), as
curate. He was then appointed Bector of Senuen, where
he remained for seven years, and left for St. Mewan, which
litisg he held until his retirement from active duty in
1889, when he took up his residence at the family seat
of Hemerdon. In all his relations of life he was greatly
respected, and beloved by all who knew him. He was
elected a member in 1887, and attended the meetings
occasionally; he was much interested in the welfare of the
Association, and received the annual volume with great
pleasure. He died at Hemerdon 28th July, 1902, aged
seventy-three, and was buried in the graveyard of All
Saints, Sparkwell, Plympton.
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THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
Ladies and Gentlemen, — In recent years my distin-
guished predecessors in the high and honourable office to
which you have called me have chosen for their presidential
addresses subjects in which they were severally experts,
I cannot claim to be an expert in any branch of Science,
Literature, or Art ; that wherein I approach most nearly to
such a position is, perhaps, mathematical science. From my
youth up mathematics, both pure and applied, have always
had great attraction for me ; and even now, in my old age,
whenever I feel fagged and weary with ordinary reading
and thinking, I can find no greater relaxation than to sit
down and work out an involved definite integral, or to solve
a stiff problem in rigid dynamics : the charm of success is a
complete restorative. I fear, however, that if I were to
dilate this evening on this subject my remarks would have
either a very soporific effect or rapidly put to flight my
audience. I must content myself with a humbler r&le.
I propose, therefore, to take a survey of the work done by
our Association during the forty years of its existence, to
comment briefly upon it, and to offer some suggestions
which may perhaps tend to stimulate the efforts of younger
members especially to tread worthily in the footsteps of
those who have gone before, and so secure a continuation
of the good work that has been done. My long official
connection with the Association will, I venture to hope,
secure me against the charge of making too daring an
attempt.
On a careful perusal of the volumes of Transactions
I find that the papers read to the Association may be
conveniently distributed under the following classes: —
I. Reports of Committees.
II. History, Biography, and Topography.
III. Geology, Palaeontology, and Mineralogy.
IV. Archaeology.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
REV. W. HARPLEY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 41
V. Natural History — Zoology, Botany, Ornithology.
VI. Natural Philosophy — Light, Sound, Heat, Elec-
tricity, etc.
VII. Literature.
VIII. Art.
IX. Economics and Statistics,
X. Miscellaneous.
Class I. contains 148 reports; Class II., 278 papers;
Class III., 179 ; Class IV., 170 ; Class V., 85 ; Class VI., 62 ;
Class VIL, 34 ; Class VIIL, 21 ; Class IX, 20 ; Class X., 63 :
giving us a grand total of 912 reports and papers — a re-
markable testimony to the zeal, energy, and industry of
the authors. It is very possible that my classification would
not meet with universal acceptance — indeed, I am myself
in considerable doubt as to whether several papers which
I have classed " Historical " ought not to be entered under
Class IV. (Archaeology) ; but this is not an important point.
I would comment, then, on these several classes in the
order given.
REPORTS.
Under this head not many words are needed. It will,
I think, be generally agreed that the Committees have done
excellent work and fully justified their appointment. They
have collected a large number of well-authenticated facts,
verified by the respective secretaries, which have thus been
preserved and, as it were, fossilised for future generations,
but which, save for the labours of the Committees, would
probably in a few years have been forgotten and lost. In-
deed, they form a mine of wealth for future workers to draw
upon, and which, if rightly used, will serve to correct crude
theories and ill-considered statements. If the Association
had done nothing more than produce these reports, it would
have been accredited with having done good work, and
would have deserved the warm thanks of all who love their
county. w
HISTORY, ETC.
Turn we now to the papers contributed by individual
members. We notice that the Historical and Biographical
constitute the most abundant class. This is what one would
expect when one considers the richness of the soil in which
the workers have to toil. Few counties have produced more
eminent and distinguished men, especially in the Eliza-
bethan period, in the various paths of life, whether of war
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
42 REV. w. harpley's presidential address.
or peace, than our beloved county of Devon. It follows,
naturally, that we love to picture the deeds of prowess, and
hunt up all that relates to our illustrious predecessors.
Many of the historical papers contain facts derived from
overlooked or forgotten manuscripts, which are not to be
found in our standard histories, but which, nevertheless, are
of inestimable value.
The biographical sketches are admirable. Whilst en-
deavouring to avoid anything like a comparison of the
merits of individual authors, I cannot refrain from drawing
your attention to the exquisite sketches of Devonshire
worthies by the late Rev. Treasurer Hawker. They form
an excellent model to all future workers in this department.
Treasurer Hawker's notices of Risdon, Winthrop Mackworth
Praed, J. Ford, and Wolcot are literary gems ; they are per-
fect and complete. To take away aught from them, or to
add a word to them, would simply spoil them. You will,
I am sure, pardon my eulogising the work of one who was
a beloved friend of mine, and whose memory is very dear to
me. But let it not be supposed that I undervalue the
efforts of many other contributors of papers in this class, or
consider them undeserving of commendation. It is pleasant
to record that of late years the pages of our Transactions
have been enriched in this direction by the facile and
graceful pens of our lady members Mrs. Radford and
Mrs. Rose Troup, as well as by many other esteemed
and valued members.
GEOLOGY, ETC.
Passing on to the next class, Geology and its closely allied
subjects, we observe that, as regards the number of papers
read, the class is still near the top of the list, although
it seems to be gradually falling in popularity. During the
first twenty -five years of our existence as an Association it
held a very marked pre-eminence, but of late years the
number of papers presented has greatly diminished, some
of the volumes not containing a single paper relating to
this subject. This is much to be regretted. The subject
in itself is sufficiently attractive and fascinating, and we
have a long array of distinguished men to beckon us on
to follow their example. The names of W. Pengelly,
G. W. Ormerod, W. A. E. Ussher, Rev. W. Downes, Towns-
hend M. Hall, A. R. A. Hunt, R. N. Worth, and many others
stand out in bold relief. Most of these have gone from us
for ever, and their places are as yet, alas! unfilled. True,
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REV. W. HARPLBY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 43
we have still with us two industrious workers in this field —
namely, Mr. Alex. Somervail and Mr. R. Hansford Worth.
Both deserve our gratitude and praise. In Mr. Worth we
have a living proof that the words of the old Greek poet
do not apply universally when he says —
Uavpoi yap roi ircu&s 6/iotot warpl arcAovrat
01 wkeoves kolklovs' iravpoi Sc T€ warpbs dpetovs :l
rendered thus by Pope —
" Few sons attain the praise
Of their great sires, and most their sires disgrace."
I would that these two gentlemen could enlist some
recruits to join their ranks! A county which has the
honour of giving its name to a system of rocks not con-
fined to it exclusively, but widely scattered throughout the
world, should not lack exponents of the science of geology.
Then, again, consider the interest which geological papers
invariably awaken. No papers produce such animated dis-
cussions as these. Geologists are very pugnacious. The
hammer, which is essential to them in their researches
among the rocks, seems to symbolise their temperaments.
They use it metaphorically in the hall, and shower ponderous
and mighty blows on their antagonists, which, however,
happily are delivered without intention to wound, and so
fall harmlessly. I could wish to see these contests more
frequently. Again, many problems remain unsolved. In
the rocks are hidden many secrets which are yet to be
discovered. Mr. A. R Hunt, in an able paper read at
Okehampton (1895), indicated forty problems for solution,2
and in the following year at Ashburton,8 when finally
divesting himself of his armour as a combative geologist,
bequeathed to his successors several other important items,
and I have no doubt many more might be added.
One more reason why I plead for more attention to this
subject is perhaps rather sentimental, but it has weight with
me. It was on the occasion of a geological excursion that
our great and lamented progenitor, Mr. Pengelly, first re-
vealed to Mr. Spence Bate and myself, his companions on
the occasion, the idea which his fertile brain had conceived
of forming the Devonshire Association, Thus you will
1 Hon. 0<L II. 276, 277.
8 Vide Trans. , vol. xxvii. p. 289 et seq.
8 Trans., vol xxviii. pp. 507-32.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
44 REV. w. harpley's presidential address.
perceive we owe our birth, in a great measure, to Geology.
But I must not linger, but pass on to —
ARCHEOLOGY.
Here, too, my remarks will take a grumbling turn, but in
the opposite direction. Whereas in the class just now
touched upon I had to mourn decadence, in the class now
under consideration I have to lament a too rapid and over-
vigorous growth. During the last fifteen years the number
of papers bearing on the subject of Archaeology has far
exceeded that of the previous twenty-five years. This is
difficult to account for, and I do not think it is a healthy
symptom. It would seem that our authors are tending to
get into one and the same groove. Now it is very far from
my thoughts to attempt to lessen the importance of archae-
ology or to diminish the zeal of its adherents. I hold that
the study of archaeology is of the highest importance. The
utilitarian spirit of a commercial age asks, What is the use
of it ? Does it promote commerce or wealth ? Will it help
our sons to make a living? To such questions, from the
purely material point of view, there is, it may be admitted,
no answer that will satisfy those who put them. But if
there is anything in mental culture — if the history of long-
forgotten men and times is worth exploring for the light
which it throws upon the beginnings of polity, art, religion,
and literature — then the claims of those who are laying
bare the secrets of the past and widening, if not in some
cases reconstructing, the bounds of history are worthy of
attention. No one, surely, would deny the importance of
the discoveries in Egypt and Babylonia which have, in one
direction, restored to scholars the poems of Bacchylides and
Aristotle's treatise on the constitution of Athens; and in
another have thrown floods of light upon the books of the
Old Testament, sometimes modifying, but ofttimes, as it
now seems, confirming their substantial accuracy wherever
they deal with historical facts as distinguished from that
uncertain cloudland of prehistoric tradition which envelops
the dawn alike of sacred and secular history.
Having in these few words, as I hope, safeguarded myself
against the charge of thinking lightly of the science of
archaeology, or of desiring to disparage its importance, I
venture to repeat what I have said above, viz. that there
is a tendency to give to it a preponderating claim to our
attention over other branches of science of equal import-
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
REV. W. HARPLEY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 45
ance to the well-being of our Association. I would not say
to the students of archaeology, "Relax your efforts," but
I would say to the devotees of other branches of science,
"Strain your nerves, and do not suffer yourselves to be
outrun, else the title of our Association will have to be
altered." During my many years of office, and especially
in recent years, I have received scores of letters addressed
to me as Hon. Secretary of the Devonshire Archaeological
Association, and I have no doubt my successors will soon be
able to tell a similar tale.
NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, ETC.
Turning to the next class in our list, I find that although
it comprises a fair proportion of papers, yet it has not
received so much attention during the last fifteen years as
it received during the previous twenty-five years. In the
later period twenty-two papers have been read, whereas in
the earlier period sixty-three papers were forthcoming. For
these we were indebted chiefly to the indefatigable industry
of the late Mr. E., Parfitt, who year by year presented us
with a valuable list of the fauna of Devon, in which were
set forth the various genera and species and their habitats,
brief but lucid descriptions of many specimens being added,
the greater part of the specimens having been captured by
himself or presented to him by friends. Mr. Parfitt, at our
Annual Meetings, was ever wont to lament that he stood
almost alone in promoting this branch of scientific research.
I re-echo his lamentations. It will, I think, be admitted
that the series of papers prepared by Mr. Parfitt greatly
enriched our volumes of Transactions. Happily, we have
now two skilful workers in other branches of Natural
History — Miss Helen Saunders in Botany, and Mr. Elliot
in Ornithology — both of whom are doing valuable service.
I feel quite sure that I correctly interpret the thought that
is passing through the minds of all of you in expressing the
hope that they will long be spared to prosecute their re-
searches in the departments of which they are respectively
such able exponents.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Under this head sixty-two papers are enumerated, but of
these only four are to be found in the volumes issued during
the last fifteen years, as against fifty-eight in the previous
twenty-five years. This great disparity is doubtless chiefly
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46 REV. w. hareley's presidential address.
to be attributed to the enactment of the wholesome rule
that papers read to the Association shall relate strictly to
Devonshire. It is difficult to write papers on such subjects
as Heat, Electricity, Magnetism, Chemistry, etc., with the
limitation above mentioned. Hence it is that the bulk of
papers dealing with these subjects were contributed during
the earliest years of our career, before the limitation was
imposed. These papers are of inestimable value, and de-
serve to be read and re-read. For instance, Professor
Daubeny's paper on the Temperature of the Antient World
(1867), and Mr. Jonathan Hearder's series of papers relating
to Electricity and Magnetism, extending from 1863 to 1872,
are all masterly productions. At the present day, when the
applicability of electricity to purposes of daily life is en-
gaging the attention of so many distinguished men in all
parts of the world, Mr. Hearder's papers are of special
interest to us Devonshire men and women. I should like to
see renewed attention given to the subject. Surely our
county, which produced a Sir W. Snow Harris and a
Jonathan Hoarder, is capable of producing an Edison or a
Marconi. I am convinced, in spite of the difficulty caused
by the rule to which I have referred, that if any member
were successful enough to discover any new fact, or a new
application of an old fact, in any branch of Natural
Philosophy, and wished to record his discovery in our
Transactions, our esteemed editor would exercise his censor-
ship most leniently.
literature.
There is little to be said under this head. The papers
read are full of merit, and have been almost uniformly
distributed. The late Rev. J. Ingle Dredge has been the
principal contributor. His "Sheaves of Devon Biblio-
graphy " form a useful and valuable series, marked as they
are by Mr. Dredge's exceeding care and accuracy. It is
much to be desired that some young and enthusiastic
member should take up and continue Mr. Dredge's work.
ART.
I am sorry I cannot compliment the Association on the
possession of many votaries of Art. During the five years
last past we have had no paper bearing on the subject, and
during the last decade only three papers. We have, more-
over, a special Committee on Works of Art in Devon, but
we have looked in vain for a report from the Committee for
Digitized by VjOOQlC .
REV. W. HARPLEY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 47
many years — I am afraid to say how many. This is not
quite as it should be. Art, or a love of Art, cannot be
extinct among us; let us hope it is only dormant. The
county that gave birth to Eeynolds and inspired Turner
to put on canvas his marvellous delineations of light and
shade should not become indifferent to so grand a subject as
Art. It is a hopeful sign that so many Schools of Art are
springing up around us in which the taste for drawing,
sculpture, carving, and artistic work in metals is being
cultivated and fostered with considerable success. I cannot
help thinking that this movement, in a great measure, owes
its origin to the persevering efforts of one of our members —
the late Mr. J. Phillips.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Passing over for a moment the next division in our list,
which I wish to take last, inasmuch as I purpose to dwell
upon it somewhat more at length, let us consider briefly
the class of papers which I have styled "Miscellaneous."
The class comprises all papers that deal with such subjects
as it would be difficult to place in any of the foregoing
classes. It includes such papers as " Is it a Fact ? " " Devon-
shire Gleanings from Notes and Queries" (two papers),
" Notes on Slips connected with Devonshire " (eight papers),
all by Mr. Pengelly, and similar papers by several other
authors. They form a very interesting series, arousing more
than a mere passing interest, and fully merit the place they
occupy in the pages of our Transactions. I enumerate sixty-
three such papers, of which eight only have been contributed
during the last fifteen years, the rest — fifty-five papers —
having all been read during the previous twenty-five years.
ECONOMIC SCIENCE AND STATISTICS.
Let us now turn to the class which, as regards number,
ranks lowest in our list — Economic Science and Statistics.
Twenty papers only have been read, and of these I find but
three in the last fifteen years ! There is a manifest lack of
interest in the subject, and one chief aim that I have in my
address to you this evening is to try to arouse greater and
more sustained interest. It cannot be alleged that the
subject has little claim to our attention, for it must not
be forgotten that the founders of our Association were
intent upon establishing for the county a society which, as
far as possible, should take as its model the British Associa-
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48 REV. w. harpley's presidential address.
tion. Now, the British Association regarded Economic
Science and Statistics as of sufficient importance to entitle
it to a special section (Section F). I am quite aware that
some years ago an effort was made by certain members of
that learned body to suppress the section on the ground
that it did not represent a pure science, but the opposition
was successfully resisted, at any rate temporarily, by the
statisticians. Whether the section still survives I know
not, as unfortunately several years ago I accidentally for-
feited my right to receive the Annual Keport, and I have
seen no Report since, but I hope Section F still exists.
While yet acting as your Hon. General Secretary the
thought frequently entered my mind that it would be a
wise step to appoint a special committee to consider
economic questions and collect statistics relating to them ;
but I could never summon courage enough to propose the
step to your Council, fearing that probably I should be
called upon to act as secretary to such a committee if
appointed, and feeling that my declining energies and ever-
increasing work incapacitated me from undertaking such a
task. I still think, however, that the idea is worthy of
consideration by the Council, and I commend it to their
careful thought.
A subject for investigation, of pressing importance, is
ready at hand for such a committee. I mean the serious
question of the depopulation of our rural districts — its
causes and its remedies. The matter has for some time
exercised the minds of writers in the public journals and
formed a topic for platform orators on which to expend their
eloquence, and I have no doubt that most of us — at least
those of us whose lot it is to live in a small rural parish —
have pondered over the matter frequently and seriously.
As an appendix to my address will be found a table showing
the fluctuation in the population during the last forty years
of about 240 parishes, including all, or very nearly all,
those parishes in the county which are strictly agricultural,
and which during the period under review have at any time
contained less than 500 inhabitants. I have taken this limit
as most befitting my purpose, inasmuch as in larger parishes
there are frequently other industries which tend to keep up
the population; but the smaller parishes contain almost
exclusively farmers and their labourers, with perhaps a
rough carpenter and a blacksmith for agricultural purposes.
The official returns for Devon of last year's census have not
yet been issued. I am informed they will be issued very
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REV. W. HARPLEY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 49
shortly, perhaps within a few days; but through the kind-
ness and courtesy of the Registrar-General and the secretary
at the Census Office, to whom I return my most grateful
acknowledgment, I have been furnished with a preliminary
proof in advance, subject, of course, to revision, so that the
column in the table which gives the population for 1901
will be found, I trust, to be fairly accurate.
Well, what does the table reveal to us ? It shows us that
in 1861 the total population of the 238 parishes quoted was
77,571, that in 1901 it had fallen to 59,814; so that in the
last forty years there has been a loss of 17,757. The decline
has been continuous, but not uniform. The largest diminu-
tion occurred in the decade 1871-81, reaching almost 10 per
cent. The next highest loss took place during the last
decade, when it was about 7 per cent. ; in the first and
third decades the fall was between 4 and 5 per cent. In
two parishes there was no loss or gain ; in twenty-eight there
was a trifling gain; the remaining 208 parishes sustained
losses varying from 2 to 60 per cent.
What have been the causes in operation that have con-
tributed to bring about this deplorable result? Many
answers have been given to the question, of which the chief
are the following : —
(a) The bad condition of the majority of labourers? cottages.
In many districts these are hardly fit for human habitation,
and are quite out of harmony with the spirit of the age.
Low rooms, blackened ceilings, tottering walls, small and
badly glazed windows, and insanitary surroundings charac-
terise a vast number of them. Children, accustomed as
they now are to bright and cheerful schoolrooms, grow up
dissatisfied with their comfortless homes, and are eager to
get away from them as soon as their school-days are ended.
(b) Lack of opportunity for recreation and amusement.
The life of the agricultural labourer is to a great extent
passed in solitude, much of his daily routine work having of
necessity to be done without companionship. This becomes
distasteful to him, and so he is drawn away from his home
in the country to town, where, as he says, he will have a
better chance of enjoying himself.
(c) The prospect of obtaining higher wages in tovms is a
strong inducement to many to quit the country.
(d) The practice of taking over land. Many small holdings
adjacent to large farms, each affording occupation to two or
VOL. XXXIV. D
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50 REV. w. harpley's presidential address.
three persons, have been absorbed from time to time by the
larger farmers, and the smaller homestead has been allowed
to fall into decay — either left untenanted or serving merely
as a cottage for a labourer.
(e) The advance of education. A lad who can now read
fairly fluently and has learnt to write a decent hand despises
the spade and the hoe, will not come near the plough tail,
and thinks he is quite qualified to earn his living with less
arduous labour — less straining of his sinews and muscles —
than farm work demands of him, and so he marches off*
to town.
(/) Cheap travelling. In former times the labourer rarely
roamed beyond the boundaries of the parish in which he
was born. Now he can change his domicile quickly and at
little cost, and he does so frequently.
(ff) Cheap postage. Letters were a rarity in country dis-
tricts in days gone by. Not so now. A man or a lad
migrates to town, and, if successful, soon communicates
with his comrades left behind, paints his changed condition
in glowing colours, advises his comrades to follow his
example, points out — not always truthfully, it is to be
feared — how easy it will be for them to find employment,
and thus induces them to leave their homes.
(h) The Press. The ever-increasing circulation of cheap
newspapers is answerable, to a large extent, for thinning the
country districts. In every village the weekly local paper
now finds a home. Its columns are eagerly read and dis-
cussed; in them paragraphs are frequently found which
excite the imagination of the reader and render him
dissatisfied with his monotonous life.
The last four of these alleged causes are, I think, irre-
mediable, and the consideration of them need not detain us.
No one would venture to suggest that education should
take a backward movement, or that a check should be given
to cheap travelling, or cheap postage, or cheap newspapers.
However operative these may be in fostering migration
to towns, their influence for good in other directions is so
beneficent that any bad effect they may possibly be sup-
posed to produce is far outweighed by the manifest good
they do.
The causes marked (a), (J), (c), and (d) are remediable;
and if it be found that they really exist and are widely
in operation, there is some hope of a remedy being devised.
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REV. W. HARTLEY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 61
During the last twelve months I have taken every oppor-
tunity, in my rambles in country roads or in railway
journeys, of entering into conversation with the labouring
classes, and have put the question, "How is it that labourers
are becoming so scarce?" I have noted nearly a hundred
Answers, and more than half have been, "Because we
can get no decent house to live in." Many have assigned
cause (b) as the chief moving factor ; a smaller number
have given (d) ; and very few have allowed that (c) is an
active agent. Indeed, on several occasions when I have
suggested that after all it is a question of more money with
them, I have been met with the assertion that money does
not influence them in the matter, and they have argued
that, all things considered, they are better off with their
fourteen or fifteen shillings a week and concomitant
advantages than their brother townsman who is earning
twenty or twenty-two shillings a week. It would be well
to ascertain how far the same views prevail in other parts
of our county — an inquiry which an Economic Science
Committee might undertake to make.
Well, then, can a remedy be devised which will check
the exodus from the country and bring back to us our
ranished population? and if so, what? Before a satis-
factory answer can be given much still remains to be
ascertained. Such a problem cannot be solved by a stroke
of the pen or a roll of the tongue, as some writers and
speakers seem to think.
Assuming, however, that the four causes last alluded to are
undoubtedly true, I venture to sketch an outline of a scheme
which would, I think, effectually neutralise those causes,
and so put an end to the continued stream of migration.
I am a strong believer in co-operation, and my scheme
is based on the trite but true proverb, " Union is strength."
Simply stated it is this: that an experiment be made to
farm the land by joint-stock companies. In these days
of large capitalists, who often have difficulty in finding out
how best to invest some of their superfluous wealth, surely
men could be found willing to combine together and form
a company for the purpose of farming a district or area
made up of several individual farms adjacent to each other.
Landowners, I imagine, would not hesitate to lease their
land to such a company; indeed, they would gain by the
change. Instead of having to collect their rents from
several tenants they would receive it promptly from one
tenant, the company. The land would soon be under higher
D 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
52 REV. w. harpley's presidential address.
cultivation. The most modern and best machinery — now to
be obtained by the largest and most substantial farmers only
— would be available everywhere throughout the district,
and could be transferred from farm to farm as required.
The farmers— a class of men for whom I have the greatest
possible respect, and naturally so, as I am one of them —
would, I admit, under such an arrangement, lose their
present status, but they need not be driven from their
homes. They would be retained as managers for the com-
pany at a definite salary, and many of them would doubtless
invest their capital in and become shareholders of the com-
pany, and some few would probably find a place on the
board of directors. The labourers would benefit greatly
by the change. If we may take the action of railway and
large mercantile companies as at all indicative of what the
action of a farming company would be, we may safely
predict that good model dwellings would soon be provided
for the labourers ; village reading-rooms and institutions
in which they could find recreation and amusement and
instruction would abound; and they would soon learn to
value education more highly than they do at present, and
perceive that the more intelligent they became, the better
would be their chance of promotion to higher office. All
desire to quit the beautiful country would vanish, and once
more we should have amongst us a cheerful, happy, and
contented peasantry.
In propounding such a scheme I am quite aware I am
treading on dangerous ground and shall expose myself
to severe criticism. The scheme may be called revolu-
tionary, impracticable, Utopian. This I am quite ready to
submit to; but I am very sanguine that if a trial were
made in some area comprising ten to twelve thousand acres
of fairly productive land it would prove successful.
Leaving this thorny question and returning to safer
ground, permit me, in conclusion, to add a few words on
Science generally. I use the word " Science " for a formed
system of any branch of knowledge — for knowledge general-
ised, systematised, and verified, comprehending the doctrine,
reason, and theory of the thing, with or without any
immediate application of it to any use or office of life — and,
using it in this sense, I think we may say Science is making
immense progress. We certainly know more than ever we
did of the physical properties of things and their operations.
Many things which were formerly known but vaguely and
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REV. W. HARPLEY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 53
loosely are now known more fully and completely. Much
of what was, at best, a guess or a supposition is now
founded on experimental knowledge. There have been both
a large accumulation of facts and a clear discerning of their
relation one to another. We have fathomed Nature more
closely, discovered more of her powers, and utilised more of
her forces. What problems in mathematics have been
solved, and how happily have their principles been applied
to the science of life — to mechanics, navigation, and
astronomy! What advance in medical science, especially
in hygiene, pathology, and surgery ! What advancement in
srieatific instruments ! What revolutions in our knowledge
of geology, mineralogy, and biology ! And how much have
the philosophical sciences, especially of politics and social
economy, become extended and methodised! Science has
mde, and is making, constant progress, as is abundantly
prowl by the greater reverence paid to it, and in the greater
activity of its votaries.
In the pursuit of scientific knowledge great caution is
requisite. Preconceived theories must be laid aside, and the
subject, whatever it is, must be approached with an earnest
desire to arrive at truth. The student must accumulate his
facta patiently and thoroughly verify them, and the super-
structure he raises upon them will be firm and lasting; but if
the substratum be composed of questionable facts, however
sound and logical the subsequent reasoning may be, the final
result will be vicious and untrustworthy.
In no pursuit in life is an aphorism, impressed upon me
when I was a youth by a beloved and revered preceptor,
more necessary to be borne in mind than in the pursuit of
Science — "I love Plato, I love Socrates; but I love truth
better than either."
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
54
REV. w. harpley's presidential address.
APPENDIX.
Table showing the Fluctuations in the Population of the small
Rural Parishes of Devon, as furnished by the Census Returns,
from 1861 to 1901.
§
Pk
3**
© .
Oh
V
l!
2
i
I
Abbotebickingto]
a . 71 .
. 50
47 .
.. 63 .
.. 61 .
. 10 ..
__
Abboteham
. 365 .
. 421 .
. 469 .
.. 528 .
.. 451 .
86
Abbotskerawell .
. 437 .
453 .
. 435 .
. 431 .
.. 457 .
t
20
Allington, E.
. 521 .
. 537 .
.. 516 .
.. 469 .
.. 896 .
. 125 ..
Alveraiscott
. 336 .
.. 324 .
. 272 .
.. 269 .
.. 241 .
. 95 ..
Alvington
. 359 .
. 853 .
. 864 .
. 348 .
.. 316 .
. 43 ..
Anstey, E.
. 227 .
. 227 .
. 234 .
. 234 .
.. 216 .
. 11 ..
Anstey, W.
. 299 .
. 229 .
. 235 .
. 280 .
.. 192 .
. 107 ..
Arlington
. 219 .
.. 240 .
. 281 .
.. 238 .
.. 210 .
. 9 ..
Ashbury
. 80 .
.. 59 .
.. 50 .
.. 69 .
.. 83 .
3
Ashcombe
. 212 .
.. 213 .
. 198 .
.. 167 .
.. 125 .
! 87 '.'.
Ashford
. 157 .
.. 162 .
.. 162 .
.. 151 .
.. 149 .
. 8 ..
Ashprington
. 537 .
. 577 .
. 450 .
. 418 .
.. 412 .
. 125 ..
_
Ash ton
. 347 .
. 265 .
. 195 .
.. 194 .
.. 168 .
. 179 ..
Atherington
. 598 .
. 578 .
. 518 .
. 475 .
.. 474 .
. 124 ..
Awlisoombe
. 579 .
. 681 .
. 534 .
. 498 .
.. 465 ..
. 114 ..
Aylesbeare
. 418 .
. 414 .
. 300 .
. 285 .
.. 235 ..
. 183 ..
Beaford
. 639 ..
. 619 .
. 590 .
. 494 .
.. 428 ..
. 211 ..
Beaworthy
. 298 .
. 284 .
. 296 .
. 268 .
.. 246 ..
. 52 ..
Belfitone
. 181 .
. 134 .
. 156 .
. 181 .
.. 230 .
49
Bickington
. 294 .
. 263 .
. 239 .
. 230 .
.. 215 .
! 79 *..'
Bickleigh (Tiverl
ton) . 254 .
. 284 .
. 233 .
. 259 .
.. 207 .
. 47 ..
Bickleigh (Plym
pton) 402 .
. 384 .
. 362 .
. 802 .
.. 296 .
. 106 ..
Bicton
. 166 .
. 181 .
. 157 .
. 121 .
.. 132 ..
. 84 ...
Bigbury
. 497 .
. 465 .
. 451 .
. 855 .
.. 271 ..
. 226 ..
Bittadon
. 65 .
. 56 .
. 51 .
.. 46 .
.. 51 .
. 14 ...
Blackborough
. 76 .
.. 76 .
.. 52 .
.. — .
.. 58 .
. 18 ...
Bondlcigh
Bovey, Korth
. 279 .
.. 254 .
.. 189 .
.. 141 .
.. 142 .
. 137 ..
_
. 513 .
. 516 .
. 431 .
.. 426 .
.. 898 .
. 115 ..
Bradford
. 444 .
.. 872 .
.. 377 .
.. 334 .
.. 403 .
. 41 ..
_
Bradstone
. 142 .
. 113 .
. 126 .
. 100 .
.. 106 .
. 37 ..
_
Brampford Spek
Brendon
B . 494 .
. 479 .
. 485 .
. 443 .
.. 813 .
. 181 ..
. 291 .
. 252 .
. 245 .
.. 294 .
.. 262 .
. 29 ..
Brent Tor
. 128 .
. 120 .
. 136 .
.. 575 .
.. 493 .
865
Bridford
. 576 .
.. 508 .
.. 436 .
.. 429 .
.. 404 .
! 172 '.'.
Bridgerule
Broadwoodkelly
. 410 .
. 407 .
. 891 .
. 395 .
.. 349 .
. 61 ...
. 342 .
. 353 .
. 291 .
.. 261 .
.. 242 .
. 100 ..
Brnshford
. 132 .
.. 137 .
.. 95 .
.. 69 .
.. 50 .
. 82 ..
Buckerell
. 318 .
. 298 .
. 265 .
.. 274 .
.. 217 .
. 101 ..
—
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
REV. W. HARTLEY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS.
55
§ .
§ .
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Buckland Filleigh .
258 .
.. 224 .
. 189 .
. 159 .
. 182 .
. 76 ..
_
Buckland-in -the-Mooi
• 113 .
.. 108 .
. 69 .
. 71 .
. 87 .
. 26 ..
Buckland, E.
. 151
.. 214 .
.. 172 .
.. Ill .
. 120 .
. 31 ..
Buckland, W. .
, 321
.. 332 .
.. 369 .
. 292 .
. 363 .
,
! 42
Bulkworthy
128 .
.. 114 .
. 118 .
. 102 .
. 103 .
. 25 .'!
—
Butterleigh
153 .
.. 146 .
. 120 .
. 115 .
. 93 .
. 60 ..
, —
Cadbury
241 .
.. 261 .
. 265 .
. 234 .
. 187 .
. 54 ..
, —
Cadeleigh
358 .
.. 815 .
. 240 .
. 260 .
. 228 .
. 130 ..
—
Calverleigh
86 .
.. 87 .
. 83 .
. 77 .
. 69 .
. 17 ..
. —
Ohallaoombe
282 .
.. 283 .
. 223 .
. 266 .
. 195 .
. 87 ..
. —
Charles
356 .
.. 345 .
. 263 .
. 231 .
. 220 .
. 186 ..
Cheldon
. 97 .
.. 82 .
. 70 .
. 58 .
. 44 .
. 53 ..
Chittlehamholt .
. 332
.. 310 .
.. 310 .
.. 266 .
. 260 .
. 72 ..
Chivelstone
523
.. 473 .
. 426 .
.. 436 .
. 385 .
. 138 ..
Churchstow
• 376 .
.. 431 .
. 368 .
.. 312 .
. 312 .
. 64 ..
Clannaborough .
. 61
.. 82 .
.. 79 .
.. 72 .
.. 60 .
. 1 ..
. —
Clawton
, 549 .
.. 520 .
.. 445 .
. 461 .
. 389
. 160 ..
.
Clayhanger
274 .
.. 262 .
. 239 .
. 213 .
. 149 .
. 125 ..
. —
Clayhidon
705 .
.. 728 .
. 539 .
. 474 .
. 463 .
. 242 ..
. —
Clyst Honiton .
416 .
.. 353 .
, 302 .
. 274 .
. 262 .
. 154 ..
. —
Clyst Hydon .
329 .
.. 309 .
. 277 .
. 291 .
. 289 .
. 40 ..
. —
Clyst S. Lawrence
154 .
.. 166 .
. 120 .
. 133 .
. Ill .
. 43 ..
. —
Clyst 8. Mary .
. 176
.. 173 .
.. 168 .
.. 197 .
. 157 .
. 19 ..
. —
Coffinswell
194 .
.. 193 .
. 196 .
. 196 .
. 201 .
. — ..
. 7
Coleridge
613 .
.. 553 .
. 461 .
. 395 .
. 375 .
. 238 .'.
Combeinteignhead
417 .
.. 469 .
. 423 .
. 520 .
. 418 .
. — ..
1
Combepyne
Combe Raleigh .
118 .
.. 121 .
. 128 .
. 106 .
. 101 ..
. 17 ..
299 .
.. 268 .
. 230 .
. 233 .
. 200 ..
. 99 ..
Cornworthy
479 .
.. 471 .
. 418 .
. 401 .
. 329 .
. 150 ..
, —
Conrton
Cotleigh . ,
238 .
.. 243 .
. 216 .
. 235 .
. 209 .
. 29 ..
188 .
.. 178 .
. 172 .
. 100 .
. 186 ..
. 2 ..
Countess Weir .
508 .
.. 431 .
. 473 .
. 386 .
. 394 .,
. 114 ..
Creacombe
63 .
.. 62 .
. 63 .
. 62 .
. 66 .
! 3
Dal wood
492 .
.. 482 .
. 406 .
. 406 ..
. 346 ..
.' 146 "
Dean Prior
422 .
.. 400 .
. 315 .
. 287 .
. 259 ..
. 163 ..
Denbury . .
410 .
.. 348 ..
. 331 .
. 831 .
. 303 ..
. 107 ..
Doddiscombsleigh
343 .
.. 800 .
. 256 .
. 250 .
. 210 .
. 138 ..
. —
Dowland
205 .
.. 175 ..
. 159 ..
. 127 ..
. 119 ..
. 86 ..
Down, East
418 .
.. 406 .
. 360 .
. 346 .
. 326 .
. 92 ..
Down S. Mary .
426 .
.. 438 .
. 325 .
. 349 ..
. 328 ..
. 98 ..
Dmichideock
155 .
.. 131 .
. 146 .
. 139 .
. 134 .
. 21 ..
Dunkeswell
492 .
.. 329 .
. 318 .
. 287 .
. 288 ..
. 204 ..
Dunterton
181 .
.. 123 .
. 115 .
. 86 .
. 100 ..
. 81 ..
Eggesford
126 .
.. 157 .
. 185 .
. 159 .
. 126 ..
, — *.
Escot
534 .
.. 554 ..
. 386 .
. 408 ..
. 377 ..
. 167 ;;
,
Exbourne
. 459 .
.. 464 .
. 376 .
. 355 .
. 382 ..
. 77 ..
Faringdon
331 .
.. 308 .
. 301 .
. 271 .
. 175 ..
. 156 ..
Farway
. 373 .
.. 875 .
. 289 .
. 292 .
. 233 .
. 140 ..
—
Fen Ottery
101 .
.. 88 .
. 110 .
. 110 .
. Ill .
,
. 10
Feniton
. 361 .
.. 833 .
. 855 .
. 354 .
. 887 .
,
. 26
Filleigh
. 811
.. 370 .
. 339 .
. 292 .
. 310 .
. i !!
Frithelstock
635 .
.. 594 ..
. 551 .
. 488 .
. 388 .
. 247 ..
Germansweek .
326 .
.. 305 ..
. 266 .
. 211 .
. 209 .
. 116 ..
Gidley
Gittisham
134 .
.. 154 ..
. 124 .
. 129 .
. 121 .
. 13 ..
__
355 .
.. 376 ..
. 444 .
. 876 .
. 336 .
. 19 ..
. —
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
56
REV. w. harpley's presidential address.
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Goodleigh
294 .
.. 261 .
. 250 .
. 239 .
.. 252 .
. 42 ... -
Halwell (Totnes)
357 .
.. 848 .
. 347 .
.. 297 .
.. 284 .
. 73 ... -
Halwell (Holfiworthy)
267 .
.. 243 .
.. 317 .
.. 418 .
.. 418 .
. — ... 161
Harford
158 .
.. 171 .
. 182 .
. 172 .
.. 137 .
. 21 ... -
Harplord
243 .
.. 258 .
. 273 .
. 219 .
.. 213 .
. 80 ... -
Heanton Panchardon
540 .
. 516 .
. 439 .
. 449 .
.. 404 .
. 136 ... -
Highampton
386 .
.. 361 .
. 297 .
. 260 .
.% 236 ..
. 150 ... -
Highbray
295 .
. 250 .
. 207 .
. 236 .
.. 208 .
. 87 ... -
Hittisleigh
156 .
. 160 .
. 117 .
. 123 .
.. 127 ..
. 29 ... -
Hockworthy
Holcombe Burnell
373 .
.. 371 .
. 304 .
.. 273 .
.. 253 .
. 120 ... —
242 .
.. 214 .
.. 218 .
.. 203 .
.. 167 .
. 75 ... -
Hollacombe
87 .
.. 92 .
. 115 .
. 91 .
.. 69 .
. 18 ... -
Holne
348 .
. 328 .
. 298 .
. 279 .
.. 273 ..
. 75 ... -
Honeychurch
44 .
. 45 .
. 51 .
. 35 .
.. 44 .
. — ... —
Horwood
109 .
.. 118 .
. 112 .
. 108 .
.. 102 .
. 7 ... -
Huish . ,
171 .
.. 129 .
. Ill .
. 107 .
.. 107 .
. 64 ... —
Huish, North .
432 .
.. 436 .
. 350 .
. 344 .
.. 317 .
. 115 ... -
Huish, South .
346 .
. 354 .
. 298 .
. 298 .
.. 227 .
. 119 ... —
Hunteham
248 .
. 235 .
. 194 .
. 194 .
., 214 .
. 34 ... —
Huutehaw
233 .
. 211 .
. 191 .
. 161 .
.. 143 .
. 90 ... —
Huzham
184 .
.. 125 .
.. 132 .
.. Ill .
.. 138 .
. — ... 4
Iddealeigh
529 .
. 540 .
. 414 .
. 377 .
.. 885 .
. 194 ... —
Ideford
358 .
. 292 .
. 284 .
. 286 .
.. 254 .
. 104 ... —
Jacobstowe
232 .
. 190 .
. 221 .
. 222 .
.. 229 .
. 3 ... —
Kelly
217 .
. 226 .
. 227 .
. 236 .
.. 218 .
. — ... 1
Kennerleigh
106 .
. 83 .
. 106 .
. 83 .
.. 83 .
. 23 ... —
Kentisbury
385 .
. 424 .
. 449 .
. 844 .
.. 304 .
. 81 ... —
Knowstone
511 .
. 465 .
. 416 .
. 420 .
.. 343 .
. 168 ... —
Landcro88 . .
109 .
.. 115 .
. 84 .
. 70 .
.. 58 .
. 51 ... —
Land sco ve
399 .
. 372 .
. 297 .
. 287 .
.. 270 .
. 129 ... —
Lew Trenchard
853 .
. 360 .
. 309 .
. 281 .
.. 237 .
. 116 ... —
Littleham (Bideford)
408 .
.. 894 .
.. 308 .
.. 304 .
.. 802 .
. 106 ... —
Little Hempstone
244 .
.. 231 .
. — .
. 215 .
.. 182 .
. 62 ... —
Lozbeare
126 .
.. 150 .
. 122 .
. 105 .
.. 169 .
. — ... 43
Lozhore
250 .
.. 237 .
. 211 .
.. 192 .
.. 225 .
. 25 ... —
Luffincott
71 .
.. 62 .
. 62 .
.. 68 .
.. 68 .
. 3 ... —
Lustleigh
322 .
. 318 .
. 366 .
. 899 .
.. 400 .
. — ... 78
Mamhead . ,
218 .
. 192 .
. 199 .
. 158 .
.. 178 .
. 40 ... —
Manaton
415 .
. 403 .
. 331 .
. 827 .
.. 315 .
. 100 ... —
Mariansleigh
281 .
. 260 .
. 221 .
. 201 .
.. 205 .
. 76 ... -
Marystow
448 .
. 368 .
. 390 .
. 350 .
.. 255 .
. 193 ... —
Martinhoe
219 .
. 210 .
. 192 .
. 161 .
.. 172 .
. 47 ... -
Meath . ,
287 .
. 255 .
. 232 .
. 203 .
.. 209 .
. 78 ... —
Meavy
269 .
. 274 .
. 284 .
. 266 .
.. 261 .
. 8 ... —
Meshaw
250 .
. 218 .
. 162 .
. 158 .
.. 198 ..
. 52 ... —
Milton, South .
363 .
. 360 .
. 349 .
. 335 .
.. 287 .
. 76 ... —
Monk Okehampton .
272 .
. 287 .
. 215 .
. 201 .
.. 157 .
. 115 ... —
Monkton
126 .
. 103 .
. 121 .
. 109 .
.. 129 .
. — ... 3
Morebath
430 .
.. 447 .
. 444 .
. 449 .
.. 447 .
. — ... 17
Moreleigh
122 .
. 115 .
. 106 .
. 103 .
.. 89 ..
. 33 ... —
Mosbury
493 .
. 536 .
. 533 .
. 460 .
.. 422 .
. 71 ... —
Nethereze
78 .
. 80 .
. 70 .
. 40 .
.. 60 ..
. 18 ... —
Newton Poppleford .
Newton S. Petrock .
661 .
. 676 .
. 557 .
. 485 .
.. 441 ..
. 220 ... —
231 .
. 254 .
. 230 .
. 219 .
.. 192 ..
. 39 ... —
Newton Tracey
136 .
. 108 .
. 125 .
. 141 .
.. 121 ..
. 15 ... —
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
BBV. W. HARTLEY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS.
57
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Northleigh
. 253 .
. 248 .
.. — .
. 180 .
. 172 .
. 81 ..
Nymet Rowland
. Ill .
. 98 .
.. 93 .
. 92 .
. 72 .
. 39 ..
Nymet 8. George
. 258 .
. 227 .
.. — .
. 198 .
.. 170 .
. 88 ..
Offwell
. 393 .
. 367 .
.. 332 .
. 274 .
. 293 .
. 100 ..
Ogwell, E.
. 275 .
. 298 .
.. 267 .
. 267 .
. 260 .
. 25 ..
Ogwell, W.
. 61 .
. 31 .
.. 46 .
. 39 .
. 39 .
. 12 ..
Oakford
. 629 .
. 578 .
.. 490 .
. 513 .
. 496 .
. 133 ..
Pancraswyke
Parracombe
. 378 .
. 352 .
.. 318 ..
. 300 .
. 347 .
. 31 ..
. 410 ..
. 366 .
.. 382 ..
. 316 .
. 315 .
. 95 ..
Payhembury
Peter's Marland
. 632 .
. 508 .
.. 427 ..
. 461 .
. 415 .
. 117 ..
. 832 .
. 316 .
...264 .
. 291 .
. 292 .
. 40 ..
Peter Tavy
. 469 .
. 359 .
.. 288 .
. 279 .
. 342 .
. 127 ..
Petrockstowe
. 613 .
.. 570 .
.. 510 .
. 463 .
.. 386 .
. 228 ..
Plyratree
Poltimore
. 462 .
. 432 .
.. 436 ..
. 418 ..
. 359 ..
. 103 ..
. 348 .
. 332 .
.. 288 .
. 361 .
. 298 .
. 50 ..
,
Portlemouth, East
. 403 .
.. 387 .
.. 302 .
.. 310 .
.. 264 .
. 139 ..
Poughill
. 356 .
.. 345 .
.. 260 .
. 248 .
.. 222 .
. 134 ..
Powderham
. 238 .
.. 235 .
.. 280 .
.. 203 .
.. 288 .
.. — .
,
Puddington
Putford, E.
. 210 .
. 194 .
.. 208 .
.. 206 .
.. 173 .
. 87 ..
. 190 .
.. 157 .
.. 157 .
.. 139 .
.. 126 .
. 65 ..
,
Putford, W. .
. 362 .
. 290 .
.. 232 .
. 233 .
. 216 .
. 146 ..
,
Pyworthy
. 667 .
. 530 .
.. 501 .
. 467 .
.. 455 .
. 112 ..
,
Rackenford
. 480 .
. 440 .
.. 862 .
. 289 .
. 310 .
. 170 ..
Rattery
. 396 .
. 459 .
.. 894 ..
. 400 .
. 847 .
. 49 ..
Revelstoke
. 605 .
. 464 .
.. 550 .
. 470 .
. 402 .
. 103 ..
Rewe
. 260 .
. 286 .
.. 284 .
. 247 .
. 237 .
. 23 ..
Ringmore
. 271 .
.. 237 .
.. 250 .
. 219 .
.. 204 .
. 67 ..
Roborough
• 478 .
. 470 .
.. 402 .«
. 867 .
. 812 .
. 166 ..
Rockbeare
. 640 .
. 485 .
.. 472 .
. 451 .
. 404 .
. 136 ..
Romansleigh
. 230 .
• 208 .
.. 149 .
. 165 .
. 155 ..
. 75 ..
Roseash
. 549 .
. 563 .
.. 507 .
. 449 .
. 440 ..
. 109 ..
Rousdon
. 13 .
.. 16 .
.. 44 .
. 68 .
. 46 .
. — ..
83
Sheepstor
. 98 .
. 108 .
.. 90 .
. 100 .
. 96 .
. s ;.
—
Sheepwash
Sheldon
. 527 .
. 462 .
.. 415 ..
. 870 .
. 326 ..
. 201 ..
—
. 180 .
. 174 .
.. 140 .
. 128 .
. 120 .
. 60 ..
—
Sherford
. 404 .
. 419 .
.. 401 .
. 364 .
. 342 .
. 62 ..
—
Sherwell
. 609 .
. 525 .
.. 408 ..
. 370 .
. 338 ..
. 271 ..
—
Slrfflingford
. 64 .
. 67 .
.. 67 .
. 66 .
. 63 .
1 ..
—
Shute
. 610 .
. 747 .
.. 579 .
. 444 .
. 461 .
. 149 ..
—
Sourton
. 643 .
. 532 .
.. 514 .
. 448 .
. 403 .
. 140 ..
—
South] eigh
. 331 .
.. 319 .
.. 222 .
. 221 .
.. 196 .
. 135 ..
—
South Pool
. 413 .
. 421 .
.. 395 .
. 346 .
. 296 .
. 117 ..
—
Sowton
. 382 .
. 398 .
.. 408 .
. 394 .
.. 418 .
. — ..
36
Spreyton
. 358 .
. 418 .
.. 383 .
. 389 .
.. 360 .
. — ..
2
Staverton
. 550 .
. 604 .
.. 449 .
. 398 .
. 659 ..
. — ..
109
Stockleigh English
. Ill .
.. 83 .
.. 65 .
.. 65 .
.. 50 .
. 61 ..
—
8tockleigh Pomeroy
. 188 .
. 173 .
.. 174 .
. 169 .
. 164 ..
. 24 ..
—
Stoke Canon
. 452 .
.. 446 .
.. 426 .
. 363 .
. 383 ..
. 69 ..
—
Stoke Rivers
. 242 .
.. 208 .
.. 197 .
. 199 .
. 168 ..
. 74 ..
—
Stoodleigh
Stowford
. 499 .
. 521 .
.. 440 .
. 398 .
. 369 ..
. 130 ..
—
. 474 .
. 466 .
.. 892 .
. 326 .
. 323 ..
. 151 ..
—
Sutcombe
. 441 .
. 420 .
.. 407 .
. 413 .
. 281 .
. 160 ..
— .
Sydenham Damerel
Talaton
. 603 .
.. 509 .
.. 469 .
. 361 .
. 312 .
. 291 ..
—
. 367 .
.. 417 .
.. 408 .
. 377 .
.. 415 .
. — ..
48
Teigngrace
. 172 .
. 147 .
.. 172 .
. 170 .
. 190 .
. — ..
18
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
58
KEV. W. HARPLEY'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS.
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Templeton
217 .
. 240 .
. 158 .
.. 170
.. 175 .
. 42 ..
Tetcott
289 .
. 276 .
. 263 .
.. 240
.. 187 .
. 102 ..
Thelbridge
259 .
. 360 .
. 218 .
.. 238
.. 186 .
. 73 ..
,
Thombury
365 ..
. 359 ..
. 311 .
. 310
.. 291 .
. 74 ..
Throwleigh
327 .
.. 323 .
. 317 .
.. 281
.. 241 .
. 86 ..
,
Thrushelton
484 .
. 448 .
. 427 .
.. 396
.. 827 .
. 157 ..
,
Thurlestone
437 .
. 381 .
. 362 .
.. 324
.. 364 .
. 83 ..
.
Tipton
470 .
. 387 .
. 386 .
.. 391
.. 408 .
. 67 ..
,
Tor Brian
205 .
.. 218 .
. 203 .
.. 197
.. 153 .
. 52 ..
,
Torrington, Little
563 .
. 622 .
. 531 .
.. 412
.. 407 .
. 156 ..
,
Trentishoe
123 .
.. 106 .
.. 84 .
.. 96
... 68 .
.. 55 ..
.
Truaham
223 .
.. 219 .
.. 174 .
.. 162
.. 165 .
. 58 ..
Uplowman
444 .
. 443 .
. 898 .
. 889
.. 374 .
. 70 ..
.
Upton Hellions
Ill .
.. 117 .
.. 125 .
.. 113
.. 109 .
.. 2 ..
—
Upton Pyne
Warkleigh and \
Satterleigh }
455 .
.. 430 .
.. 407 .
.. 367
... 416 .
.. 39 ..
,
330 .
.. 273 .
. 259 .
.. 230
} 275 .
. 134 ..
79 .
.. 66 .
. 59 .
.. 51
• ~—
Washfield
471 .
. 434 .
. 897 .
.. 355
.. 832 .
. 139 ..
,
Washford Pyne
Wear Gifford .
182 .
.. 171 .
.. 157 .
.. 141
.. 150 .
.. 32 ..
,
494 .
. 499 .
. 446 .
.. 395
.. 317 .
. 177 ..
Welcombe
209 .
.. 232 .
209 .
.. 193
.. 209 .
. ,,
,
Wembworthy .
453 .
.. 434 .
.. 438 .
.. 370
... 315 .
.. 138 ..
Westleigh
491 .
.. 476 .
. 496 .
.. 483
.. 401 .
. 90 ..
.
Whitstone
571 .
.. 544 .
. 459 .
.. 445
.. 512 .
. 59 ..
Widecombe-in-the-Moor 854 .
.. 531 .
.. 413 .
.. 366
... 856 .
.. 498 ..
Widworthy
188 .
.. 141 .
.. 131 .
.. 153
... 148 .
.. 40 ..
.
Willand
882 .
.. 870 .
.. 337 .
.. 352
... 418 .
..
. 36
Woodbury Salterton ,
Woodland
498 .
. 440 .
. 411 .
.. 385
... 275 .
" 223 ..
169 .
.. 160 .
. 157 .
.. 184
... 170 .
1
Woodleigh
Woolfardiaworthy \
(Crediton) J
Worlington, E.
213 .
.. 232 .
. 198 .
.. 187
.. 198 .
!! is '.'.
175 .
.. 201 .
.. 176 .
.. 161
... 191 .
.. — ..
. 16
284 .
. 250 .
. 268 .
.. 219
.. 829 .
. 45
Worlington, W.
193 .
.. 203 .
.. 198 .
.. 195
... 154 .
!". 39 '.'.
. —
Yarnscombe
423 .
.. 384 .
.. 260 .
.. 286
... 279 .
.. 144 ..
.
Zeal Monaohorum
540 .
. 546 .
. 468 .
.. 405
.. 816 .
.. 224 ..
. —
77,571 74,258 66,792 63,843 59,814 19,020 1,263
Decennial decrease 3,313 7,466 2,949 4,029
17,757
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
TWENTIETH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF
THE COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
Twentieth Repokt of the Committee — consisting of Mr. James
Hamlyn, j.p. (Chairman), Mr. P. F. 8. Amery, j.p., Sir
Alfred W. Croft, M.A., K.C.I.E., Mr. J. M. Wadmore,
Mr. W. Ingham, A.M.I.C.E., and Mr. Alfred Chandler
F.R.M.T.8oc. (Secretary), to collect and tabulate trustworthy
and comparable observations on the climate of Devon.
Edited by Alfred Chandler, f.b.iikt.soc, and W. Ingham, a.m.i.g.e.
(Bead at Bideford, July, 1002.)
The Annual Report of the Meteorological Observations
taken during the year 1901 throughout the County of
Devon is presented by your Committee, in which are given
carefully prepared monthly tables, with a summary for the
year, of Rainfall, Temperature, Humidity, Cloud, and Sun-
shine.
At each Station the Observations are taken daily at 9 a.m.
local time, and much care is exercised to make them com-
parable, accurate, and trustworthy for future referenca At
all the Stations only Kew certificated instruments are in
use, and the readings therefrom have the instrumental errors
applied for correction.
Your Committee are pleased to record the fact that
Observations of Temperature and Rainfall are now being
taken daily at Salcombe by Dr. Woodman Dowding ; but as
a commencement was made last autumn, there are only three
months' figures given in this Report.
Rainfall Reports are also now received from Kingsbridge
and Totnes (Berry Pomeroy), and the Devon Rosery, Torquay.
The special thanks of your Committee are due to all the
Observers, whose names are here given, for their voluntary
work of daily reading the instruments and recording the
Observations.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
60
TWENTIETH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
The names of the Observers, and of the Stations with the
approximate height above mean sea-level, are as follows : —
8TATIOH. ELKVATION (feet). OBSERVER OR AUTHORITY.
Abbotskerswell (Court Grange) 150 ... Mrs. Marcus Hare.
'-----— 584 _ p. y. S. Amery, j.p.
25 ... Thomas Wain wright
124 ... Sir Alfred W. Croft, m.a., k.c.i.e.
250 ... James Hamlyn, j.p.
202 ... T. Turner, j.p., f.r.Met.8oc.
Ashburton (Druid)
Barnstaple (Athenaeum)
Bere Alston (Rumleigh)
Buckfastleigh (Bossel) .
Cullompton
Exeter (Devon and Exeter
Institution) .
Head Weir (Plymouth
Reservoir) .
Holne (Vicarage)
Ilfracombe
Kingsbridge (Westcombe) .
Kingswear (Kittery Court)...
Newton Abbot (Teignbridge)
Plymouth (The Hoe Obser-
vatory)
516
110
186
500
Princetown (H.M. Prison) 1350
Rousdon (The Observatory)
Salcombe (St. Briavels)
Sidmouth (Sidmount) .
South Brent (Great Aish)
Southmolton (Castle Hill
School)
Tavistock (Statsford, Whit-
church)
Teignmouth
Torquay (Devon Rosery)
Torquay (The Observatory) .
Torquay Watershed : —
Blackingstone
Kennick
155 ... A. R. Allinson, m.a., Librarian.
720 ... Frank Howarth, A.M.I.C.E.
650 ... Rev. John Gill, m.a.
20 ... M. W. Tattam.
100 ... P. W. Latham.
10 ... William Cross, M.I.C.E.
27 ... F. H. Plumptree, j.p.
116 ... H. Victor Prigg, A.M.I.C.E.
W. Marriott, p.r.Met.soc.
(Asst. Sec. Roy.Met.8oc.).
Lady Peek.
A. W. Woodman Dowding, M.D.
Miss K. P. Radford.
Miss C. M. Kingwell.
363
594
70
36
12
1090
. 842
Laployd . . 1030
Tottiford . . 718
Torrington, Great (Enfield) . 336
Totnes (Berry Pomeroy) .185
Woolacombe . . 60
W. H. Reeve.
E. E. Glyde, f.r.Met.Soc.
W. C. Lake, m.d.
Alfred Chandler, f.r.m«t.8oc.
Frederick March, f.r.Met.Soc.
William Ingham, a.m.i.c.e.
George M. Doe.
Charles Barran.
Edward Henshall, a.m.i.c.e.
James Hamlyn, Chairman.
Alfred Chandler, Secretary.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
61
JANUARY, 1901.
STAH05S.
RAINFALL.
3 'S±
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
u
*<
ri
©
4
6
Ok
E
S
4
•o
S
•8
s
o
a
6
»1
§r
in.
405
5.21
2.79
3.85
5.67
3-85
3-72
Abtotokaswn .
iakkrtoa.
BraUple.
B*o Alston
Culkopta
Eietar
Had Weir
PhmoctiiS&> 3.97
Hoiw . .: 6.64
Lbowhe. . 2.52
Inpror
■ftlerj Court)
FettM Abbot -
(Tagnbridge)< 2.83
(Hoe Ok.) 2.78
ftooetwi . 7.84
1 OfeeiT. 3.22
%fiwth .
feasoltoo
3.09
5-9*
4.37
4-33
2.85
I^iBoKry) 3.18
k^jUObs. 3.34
re ! 3- 70
faW . 4.03
JcaSKGreat 3.03
tfoPomeroy) 3.40
'wwnbe . 1.47
19
23
23
23
20
in.
.96
1. 01
• 77
93
f.OO
20
24
74
•74
27
18
'•35
•45
20
.72
20
.66
21
20
1.90
59
20
23
25
24
19
.63
1.13
1.58
1.17
• 77
24
*9
•73
.81
23
1.06
24
21
.'96
.67
20
19
.83
-33
deg. I deg.
40.5
40.3
39-8
388
38.0
39.8
42.7
r
» ...
359
358
355
33-3
337
352
395
41.7 36.7
35-5 3'7
39-1 |3&i
41.3
5.2
37-9 33.4
39-3 35-5
42.2
37-9
deg.
46.6
45.8
44.5
45.7
45.1
45.0
46.5
474
40.4
44.6
46.5
44.5
44.0
46.7
42.2 38.7 46.4
deg.
41.2
40.8
40.0
39.5
394
40.1
43-0
42.0
36.1
40.4
41.3
39.o
39-7
42.3
42.6
deg.
24.1
24.0
22.0
25.5
21.3
21.0
27.9
25.4
18. 1
21.7
20.2
178
22. 0
22.0
25.O
26.8
deg.
56.2
53.0
52.0
53-5
52.6
55-0
5'-3
549
46.9
52.3
55-1
532
50.1
542
22.5 535
50.0
54.0
y
/o
0-10
96 6.6
86 6.4
88 6.0
87 7.0
8*3
6.0
89
94
93
7.o
8.0
6.2
87 5-8
91
87
7.0
6.9
86
7.0
84
3-8
hre.
50.8
62.5
89.6
78.0
82.8
35
31.8
536
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
62
TWENTIETH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
FEBRUARY,
1901
.
RAINFALL. -
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
4
d
Ok
§
i
m
4
Ok
■8
0
6
4
3
1
C 1
St
<:
• w
s:
<
MKANS.
ZXTREMB.
8TATION8.
I*
1
1
Is
I'
0
1
"5
5
1
I
a
B
0
s
0
a
S
0
s
Abbotskerawell .
Ashburton .
Barnstapio .
Bere Alston
Buckfastleigh .
Cullomptdn
Exeter
Head Weir
(Plymouth Res.)
Holne
Ilfracombe .
Kingsbridge
Kingswear
(Kittery Court)
Newton Abbot
(Teiffnbridge)
Plymouth
(Hoe Obs.)
Princetown
Rousdon Observ.
Salcombe .
Sidmouth .
South Brent
Southmolton
Tavistock .
Teignmouth
Torquay
(Devon Rosery]
TorquayMe t Obs.
Torquay Wtrshd.
Blackingstone .
Kennick .
Laployd .
Tottiford
Torrington, Great
Totnes
(Berry Pomeroy]
Woolacombe
in.
.98
i.8i
167
173
2.20
I.I3
1.89
2.89
1.74
133
1.34
3. '4
1.27
1. 12
2.10
1.79
2.05
1.28
1-43
1.23
1.62
1.70
1.69
1.58
1. 61
1.28
1.25
7
9
10
10
9
7
9
9
11
7
9
9
10
9
10
16
10
7
8
9
11
9
13
5
12
in.
•35
.67
.56
*5S
.78
.50
.32
•97
.50
45
.41
•97
•49
.41
•59
•57
.69
•54
•55
.50
.62
.61
.41
•47
•39
deg.
372
36.3
35."
37.0
35-6
37.9
40.3
37.9
31.8
34.9
37.3
343
352
38.5
40.3
deg.
^0
31.8
31.6
3'.*
33-7
375
34.2
28.5
31.7
32.7
29.8
31.0
33-9
36.6
deg.
43-6
43.9
42.0
43.8
43-5
44.1
43-5
44.1
37.o
41.8
43.o
42.3
41.2
44.0
43.6
deg.
38.3
37.8
36.7
37.7
374
38.9
40.5
39.1
32.7
36.7
37.8
36.1
36.1
39o
40.1
deg.
27.4
22.0
23.0
20.5
22.1
26.0
29.9
25.0
22.0
243
25.0
20.2
21.4
25.6
25.5
21.0
30.0
deg.
54.8
499
50.0
52.0
53 0
51.0
49.2
54.1
43-9
49.0
51.0
50.1
48.8
53-5
52.7
49.0
49.0
%
P
84
83
83
&i
86
93
9»
84
87
84
82
79
0-10
6.2
6.9
5/28
7.0
6.0
7.o
6.6
7.0
6.*2
7-0
7.1
7.0
5-7
hrs.
78.7
87.0
96.7
92.30
92.7
97.9
/a
&
...
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
COMMITTBB ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
63
MARCH, 1901.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
i
d
§
3
0
E
i
5
d
a
3
■
0
a
V 3
h
1
KAIN r jm.,1,.
MEANS.
EXT ll KM EH,
j
I
STATIONS.
ll
«
&
h
0
u
1
jj
55
1
"5
53
4
|
53
g
a
a
lbbotskerswell
Lshburton .
tarnstaple .
tare Alston
hickfaatleigh .
tallorapton
Sxeter
lead Weir
(Plymouth Res.)
lolne
Ifracombe .
Singsbridge
Cingswear
(Kittery Court)
Newton Abbot
(Teignbridge)
Plymouth
(HoeObs.)
Prinoetown
iousdon Obsenr.
Salcombe .
Md mouth .
South Brent
Southmolton
ravistock .
reignmouth
rorquay
(Devon Rosery)
rorquay Met. Obs.
rorauay Wtrshd.
Biackingstone.
Kennick .
Laployd .
Tottiford
[Wington, Great
rotnes
(Berry Pomeroy)
IfV'oolacombe
in.
5.08
5.00
"94
3.24
6.84
3.21
3.57
2.95
2.60
4.90
2.61
7.53
2.60
2.91
5.46
2.01
4.14
4.9«
4.67
475
2.89
5.28
3.IO
551
2.62
5-49
2. 1 1
11
17
14
15
16
15
17
16
15
16
16
16
17
18
17
19
"9
22
20
i*6
17
14
17
16
in.
1-75
1.12
.40
.87
2.06
.69
.84
I.OI
•39
1.75
.65
1.28
•37
.71
1.54
.36
.84
2.25
2.07
2.31
2.28
2.24
.48
.88
•47
dog.
40.1
41.8
39-8
4'.5
40.9
42.0
42.4
41.8
34.4
39.0
39.6
40.0
42.4
4*-3
deg.
34-7
35-0
34.7
34-6
338
34.9
38.6
35.8
30-4
337
34.9
32.5
335
36.8
37.3
deg.
46.1
47.2
45.6
46.6
47.1
46.6
45*8
47.o
39.9
44.8
46.5
45-9
44.2
46.7
46.2
deg.
40.4
41. 1
40.1
40.6
40.4
40.7
42.1
41.4
35.2
393
40.7
392
3&9
40.8
41.8
deg.
26.3
23.0
22.0
20.0
21. 1
26.0
30.7
22.0
21.0
235
25.0
20.'5
19.0
25.7
25.5
22.0
29.8
deg.
56.4
52 0
56.0
58.1
55-0
52.0
53.3
473
53.8
55^2
54.4
51.8
58.7
54-3
550
554
%
87
74
78
77
78
84
9i
87
78
82
81
78
81
0-10
n
7-7
7.0
7.0
7-3
6.7
70
6.8
7.0
6.6
hrs.
105.4
104.4
121.2
1413
122.7
I34.0
%
33
33-7
I
6
2
3
4
3
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
64
TWENTIETH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
APRIL, 1901.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
i
i
n
S1
0
i
5
0
4
3
"3
a
3
•
2
KAIN 1 .\i.i,.
MEANS.
EXTREMES.
tt*
STATIONS.
ll
li
a
I*
i
'5
i
I
B
1
d
5
S
*5
s
E
p
E
K
g
deg.
67.0
73.1
69.0
72.9
74.0
70.0
68.*7
68.5
66.3
66.3
67.9
74.1
71.5
71.2
65.2
74.0
69.8
<
•
i
\
t
Abbotskerswell .
Ashburton .
Barnstaple .
Bere Alston
Buckfastleigh .
Cullompton
Exeter
Head Weir
(Plymouth Res.)
Holne
Ilfracombe .
Kingsbridge
Kingswear
(Kittery Court)
Newton Abbot
(Toignbridge)
Plymouth
(Hoe Obs.)
Princetown
Rousdon Observ.
Salcombe .
Sidniouth .
South Brent
Southmolton
Tavistock .
Teignmouth
Torquay
(Devon Rosery)
Torquay Met. Obs.
Torquay Wtrshd.
Blackingstone.
Kennick .
Laployd .
Tottiford
Torrington, Great
Totnes
(Berry Pomeroy)
Woolacombe
in.
4 25
5 53
2-74
4.06
6.81
3-57
3.13
4.78
7.16
4.04
4.49
4.14
7.66
3-33
3.16
7-47
3-92
5.01
3.87
4.97
4.58
2.84
4.90
3 78
4.40
3.62
5-37
2-37
14
17
15
16
18
16
16
20
16
16
18
15
15
7
18
17
10
16
16
17
17
i'6
16
16
'5
in.
1.15
1.15
•57
.76
1.40
4s
1.25
.85
.83
.79
1.22
.60
•43
i-39
.68
.91
.70
r.05
.98
•7'
•is
.81
1.23
.56
deg.
48.9
496
50.4
52.0
50.9
50.4
48.9
50.7
43-4
47.6
50.2
47-8
497
50.2
493
deg.
41.1
40.8
40.7
38.8
38.5
40.5
43.5
42.6
37.7
40.3
40.7
38.0
40 3
42.0
42.6
deg.
56.8
56.0
55.2
56.9
57.5
56.4
54.6
SK
49.8
52.6
55.0
55.6
54.5
54.8
55-2
deg.
48.9
48.6
479
47-7
48.0
48.4
4905
48.8
43-7
46.4
47.8
4<5.3
47-4
48.3
48.9
deg.
320
33-0
32.0
29.0
27.8
32.0
370
34.3
30.8
3*3
33-i
27.8
33.1
33-5
35.1
31.0
354
%
79
72
70
69
80
78
84
81
74
78
7i
73
79
0-10
5-4
5.2
4.7
5.0
50
5.0
03
4.9
4.2
6.0
6.0
5.0
*6
hra.
191. 2
204.6
223.6
234.8
231.6
207.3
%
54
56*5
!
2
1
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
COMMITTEE OK THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
MAY, 1901.
65
STltlOXS.
RAINFALL.
u
II t u
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
fid
*5
l^otafcrswn ,
, Lilian. ,
BarasUpk. ,
Boelfata ,
CoUoaptoo
Eirter
Head Weir
PiTnwihfiei
Rota . ,
H&Kaobe.
litej Court)
taw Abbot
! p on
(Hoe Obt)
T.
iboth.
MBrat
x HBslton
in Gt
at
^fcyPomeroy)
ff^aabe
in.
2-34
2.56
.87
I.&4
2.0s
.69
1.38
2.48
266
.66
1.40
M3
3.^1
1-47
1.1*7
2.07
1.17
2.02
1.64
1.50. 8
1.43 8
.62'
1.85
1.49
1.85
.85
2.22
52
in.
1.08
Ljo
.26
•95
1.22
39
47
1.51
25
.72
.72
5 1.95
8 .57
•55
1.22
.40
1. 15
•72
.80
.69
|deg.
deg.
55-i
56.9
55.6
57.8
56.3
577
46.7
44.6
44 7
42.4
43-7
47.0
531
4^5
52.5
50.4
52.6
4M
42.5
44.3
55-3
45.3
54.8
57.2
430
45.1
55.0
47.2
55.0
47-8
deg.
65.1
639
64.2
65.8
64.5
599
61.5
58.1
59.5
6i'3
63.9
63.4
60.2
62.2
55-o
54-9
54.3
53-3
54.8
557
54.2
54-3
50.3
5«-9
53-3
535
54-3
53.7
55.0
deg.
37-5
38.0
37.o
35.o
33-3
43-o
43.9
39.9
31.8
35-3
35.4
33.9
35-3
40.4
40.0
38.0
42.0
7i-5
75.8
74-0
72.2
74.5
73-0
68.0
71.0
67.9
69.6
73.0
74.5
73-2
72.7
66.2
76.0
72.0
If
« C
£1
0-10
a
3-5
3-5
81
hrs.
255.0
3-9
4.0
4-1
45
4.0
4.0
3.5
5.0
302.4
281.7
286.7
59
284.1
59.8.
76
3.5
310. 1
r0L XXXIV.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
66
TWENTIETH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
JUNE, 1901.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
4
Ok
s
0
m
Ok
1
6
4
a
1
00
II
RAINVaiji*
MKAH8.
EXTREMIS.
0 :
8TATIONS.
P
1
n
+1
2d
8.3
i
"5
5
i
1
1
i
a
6
"3
5
i
0
Abbotskerswell .
Ashburton .
Barnstaple .
Bere Alston
Buckfastleigh .
Cullompton
Exeter
Head Weir
(Plymouth Res.)
Holne
Ilfracombe .
Kingsbridge
Kingswear
(Kittory Court)
Newton Abbot
(Teignbridge)
Plymouth
(HoeObs.)
Prinoetown
Rousdon Observ.
Saleombe .
Sidmouth .
South Brent
Southmolton
-Tavistock, .
Teignmouth
Torquay
(Devon Rosery)
TorquayMet.Obs.
Torquay Wtrshd.
Blackingstone.
Kennick .
Laployd .
Tottiford
Torrington, Great
Totnes
(Berry Pomeroy)
Woolacombe
in.
i-57
3-36
2-39
1-73
2.64
*55
2.66
2.06
4.07
1.27
1.64
3.48
2.15
2.46
3.01
3-27
2.87
1.48
1. 16
1. 01
1. 12
1.91
1.68
1-95
2.91
1. 11
3.80
10
11
13
14
10
11
11
12
12
10
11
9
9
7
12
16
12
12
10
8
14
12
■3
8
11
in.
.48
.30
.88
i2
.61
.80
1.56
'.58
1.39
.36
•57
1. 10
1.25
1.67
1.25
1.05
.96
.46
.46
•33
.'62
•57
.71
.38
1. 12
deg.
59.2
59.6
58.8
61.6
60.7
61.9
57.8
58.9
52.6
56.7
5*8.9
579
58.3
595
58.1
deg.
50.6
49.8
50.7
48.8
48.6
51.0
52.9
52.2
47-1
49-4
49-7
47.4
49-7
51.7
52.2
deg.
65.0
65.1
65.0
65.7
66.8
67.4
63.1
63.1
58.1
61.3
6*2.*8
64.6
63.1
62.6
63.2
deg.
57-8
57-4
57.8
57.2
57.7
59.2
580
57.6
52.6
55.4
56.2
56.0
56.4
57.«
57-7
deg.
42.7
40.0
42.0
40.8
39-6
43-0
47-9
44.8
38.0
41.3
40.0
3|*5
38.1
43.8
44.2
42.0
4*7.8
deg.
70.7
79.3
77.o
73.0
78.2
78.0
74.2
72.8
67.7
72.0
72.4
76.9
736
73.2
6'8.'5
78.0
78.6
%
73
67
67
64
79
78
78
73
75
74
72
80
0-10
7.2
7.0
5.6
4.5
6.4
70
6.7
7.0
6.1
7.0
72
70
5.9
hrs.
187.8
194.0
195.2
193.3
209.6
224.6
%!
40 i
... i
... (•■
1
43- 1 i
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
67
JULY, 1901.
BTATIONa
RAINFALL.
t
■♦»
&
3*
TEMPERATURE IN SCRBBN.
1-
n
1
V.bbotskerawell
Vsh burton .
Barnstaple .
Sere Alston
3uckfastleigh
)ullompton
Cxeter
lead Weir
(Plymouth Res.)
lolne
lfracombe.
tingsbridge
Cingswear
(Kittery Court)
sewtou Abbot
(Teignbridge)
>lymouth
(HoeObs.)
Mncetown
tousdon Observ.
lalcombe .
ddmouth .
louth Brent
iouthmolton
'avistock .
'eignmouth
\>rquay
( Devon Rosery)
'orquayMet.Obs.
'oi quay Wtrshd.
Blackingstone.
Kennick .
Laployd .
Tottiford
brrington, Great
otues
[ Berry Pomeroy)
/oolaoombe
in.
3-28
2.44
•97
2.46
1.99
1-43
2.66
1.72
1.78
l-ls
2.82
2.36
3.29
1.50
2-77
3-09
2.20
1. 14
1.60
2.03
1.03
1.84
1.80
1-47
1.15
1.36
1. 01
1-45
1. 12
in.
1.04
1.20
42
85
82
45
39
64
44
X.84
94
.02
.65
I.20
I.03
1.17
•37
•39
.70
.61
.62
•55
•52
.50
.30
•47
deg.
66.5
64.9
643
68.7
66.3
66.2
62.0
65.9
I9'5
63.0
64.3
62.8
653
65.6
62.9
deg.
57"
55.5
55-S
535
54.1
57.8
58.2
57'i
53.8
555
56.2
530
54.9
57.2
deg.
735
71.4
72.3
73-7
74.2
74.0
67.0
70.3
66.8
69.0
69.5
72.2
71.7
7M
5M
deg.
65.4
63.5
63.9
63.6
64.
65.9
62.6
63.7
60.3
62.2
6*2.8
62.6
63.3
64.3
68.5 62.8
deg.
51.7
43-0
45.0
42.0
42.7
53-o
54.i
49-7
45.8
48.7
49 2
39-0
44.1
49.8
5o.3
50.0
Si.o
deg.
8*3
84.3
85.0
84.0
87.0
82.0
86.0
81.7
83.9
80.2
77^1
87.0
87.6
82.7
78.6
84.0
84.0
84
73
0-10
4.1
6.7
3.o
6.3
6.2
50
4.8
53
4*8
6.0
5-4
4.0
hra.
200.0
22a 8
2534
240.0
239-4
52
49- 1
82 5.6
206.3 I •••
B 2
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
68
TWENTIETH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
AUGUST,
1901.
RAINFALL.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
i
4
Ok
i?
53
E
s
ffl
Ok
i
0
5
4
00
«
MBAKS.
EXTBKME8.
*f
STATIONS.
u
1
©
0
■J
t
J
i
I
§
E
a
6
c
i
I
E
M
A
ft
c
<
Abbotskerawell .
Ashburton .
Barnstaple .
Bere Alston
Buckfostleigh .
Cullompton
Exeter
Head Weir
(Plymouth Res.)
Holne
Ilfracombe .
Kingsbridge
Kingswear
(Kittery Court)
Newton Abbot
(Teignbridge)
Plymouth
(HoeObs.)
Princetown
Rousdon Observ.
Salcombe .
Sidmouth .
South Brent
Southmolton
Tavistock .
Teignmouth
Torquay
(Devon Rosery)
Torquay Met. Obs.
Torauay Wtrshd.
Blackingstone.
Kennick .
Laployd .
Tottiford
Torrington, Great
Totnes
(Berry Pomeroy]
Woolacombe
in.
•71
2. 1 1
2.46
322
243
i-57
1.07
5.17
3.37
3-43
1.82
1.15
2.23
6.26
1.69
1.20
3.28
3.77
1.25
.88
.89
1-39
1.65
1.35
1.49
2.12
1.36
2.32
6
10
12
12
10
13
13
10
16
12
11
12
13
10
12
14
17
14
11
9
10
11
10
12
9
14
in.
.27
.90
63
1.22
.90
•47
•33
■•33
1.40
.78
.42
.76
1.80
1.20
.50
1.30
.68
1.29
•44
•49
.50
•79
.68
•49
.62
•79
deg.
64.I
61.9
60.4
65.0
63.2
63.9
61.6
63.0
\H
60.8
63V1
60.2
61.4
637
61V7
deg.
54-3
533
52.8
51.0
5i.3
53.o
56.8
55.9
50.4
53.6
54.0
50.0
52.4
55.3
56.3
deg.
69.7
68.5
67.8
69.9
70.9
70.5
66.1
67.8
62.4
66.3
67.4
67.7
67.1
69.4
66.9
deg.
62.0
60.9
60.2
60.5
61.1
61.7
61.4
61.8
56.4
60.0
58.8
59.8
62.4
61.6
deg.
47.0
49.0
46.0
42.0
45.1
480
519
497
44.6
4&3
46.7
42.8
44-3
48.9
47.4
46.0
51.4
deg.
78.'3
80.0
78.0
79.0
79.1
79.0
76.0
78.2
734
76.1
76.0
790
79.1
80.7
77.6
79.0
79.0
%
70
78
6*3
72
80
78
89
80
75
80
78
73
79
0-10
6.3
6.7
*7
6.2
6\o
6.0
6.5
S3
4-9
6.0
6.7
6.0
5-6
hrs.
2134
209.8
254.8
234.3
233-3
196.8
%
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
69
SEPTEMBER, 1901.
TEMPBRATURE IN SCREEN.
g
Ok
&
I
i
Ok
1
5
a
i
0
00
1
MEANS.
EXTREMES.
±
8TATI0NS.
•5
1
9
h
0
J
a
s
|
X
i
§
s
0
1
>*
&
1
^bbotskerewell .
Uhburton .
Barnstaple .
3ere Alston
iuckfastleigh .
3ullompton
Sxeter
lead Weir
(Plymouth Res.)
lolne
Ifracombe .
Cingsbridge
£ingswear
(Kittery Court)
Newton Abbot
(Teignbridge)
Hymouth
(Hoe Obs.)
Mncetown.
iousdon Observ.
lalcombe .
lidmouth .
louth Brent
louthmolton
?avistock .
7eignmouth
Torquay
(Devon Rosery)
'orquay Met. Obs.
'orquay Wtrshd.
Blackingstone.
Kennick .
Laployd .
Tottiford
orrington, Great
o tries
[Berry Pomeroy)
foolacombe
in.
5.20
4.66
3- 20
4.67
5.00
2.70
2.74
4.64
5.29
2.09
5.12
4.09
4.15
6.86
3.73
3.66
5.61
3.38
4.67
3-69
4.06
4.42
2.95
4.51
3.48
4.38
3.25
4.32
1.95
16
16
17
16
14
18
19
17
16
*5
16
15
15
l8
16
20
18
»5
i5
15
19
16
18
18
17
in.
2.18
1.20
1. 00
1.49
l'M
•75
1.50
•S5
1.80
1-57
1.45
1.46
1.78
1.27
1.73
9'
1. 14
1.04
i'.6a
1.60
1.73
1.22
1.24
.64I
deg.
56.4
58.4
57.3
59.5
59.2
59>3
5*8.4
59.1
52.1
56.9
59.2
55-5
57.2
60.0
59.5
deg.
5o.3
52.4
51.7
50.9
499
52.3
55-4
54 2
48.5
51.9
52.7
49.5
51.2
54.6
53-9
deg.
61.6
65.0
62.6
64.9
65.7
65.6
63.9
63.9
57.8
62.1
63.1
64.1
62.2
64.7
64.1
deg.
S&'9
58.7
57.1
57.7
57.8
58.9
59.6
59.0
53.2
57.0
57-9
56.8
56.7
59.7
590
deg.
4M
44.0
44.0
43.0
42.8
46.0
49.9
48.2
43-8
454
45.2
42.2
433
43.o
49.0
39.0
48.8
deg.
68.0
69.6
67.0
71.5
71.9
73o
70.3
693
63.6
65.5
67.2
69.9
68.7
70.7
68.1
70.0
69.6 1
%
86
84
83
80
79
87
93
90
85
88
86
81
83 <
0-10
6-7
7.4
7-3
8.1
6.0
7.0
7.9
7.9
72
7.0
7.7
7.0
5.o
hrs.
"35
122.0
115.6
129. 1
129.2
115.2
%
31
34.6
4
5
7
5
4
6
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
70
TWENTIETH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
OCTOBER, 1901.
TEMPERATURE IN 8CREEN.
s
Ok
6
0
H
2
d
Ok
1
5
Si
1
00
H °
RAINfAL.U.
MEANS.
BXTRBMEB.
4
STATIONa
u
11
!
1*
J*
£3
J
i
I
%
I
s
i
a
6
I
&
t
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a
X
Abbotskerswell .
Ashburton .
Barnstaple .
Bere Alston
Buckfastleigh .
OuUompton
Exeter
Head Weir
(Plymouth Res.)
Holne
Ilfracombe •
Kingsbridge
Kingswear
(Kittery Court)
Newton Abbot
(Teignbridge)
Plymouth
(Hoe Obe.)
Princetown
Rousdon Observ.
Salcombe .
Sidmouth .
South Brent
Southmolton
Tavistock .
Teignmouth
Torquay
(Devon Rosery)
Torquay Met. Obs.
Torouay Wtrshd.
Blackingstone.
Kennick .
Laployd .
Tottiford
Torrington, Great
Totnes
(Berry Pomeroy)
Woolaoombe
in.
1.43
2.51
4.30
3.48
2.96
2.58
1.60
4.11
3.30
4.27
2.38
1.63
2.36
S'l7
2.87
2.90
2.05
3.63
3.97
3.50
1.49
1.81
1.50
1.58
2.13
2.11
2.01
3-47
2.43
3.18
13
20
19
19
17
19
18
22
21
16
18
15
*5
17
20
:i
24
18
19
17
15
20
20
19
17
21
in.
.29
• 79
1.06
1.00
.81
52
•49
1.04
1.24
.42
.40
•45
.92
•75
.41
•43
• 79
.58
.67
•47
.46
•43
• 73
'.'65
.82
.48
I.OI
deg.
52.8
5'5
50.0
52.0
50.4
52.5
54.2
56.1
46.1
50.9
55.7
52.2
4*7.5
51.2
53.9
54.1
deg.
45.3
45-3
44-3
43-8
42.3
43.9
50.2
45.0
42.7
45.2
48.6
45.7
41V7
44-2
48^
49-4
deg.
59-9
58.1
559
59.0
58.1
57.1
57.6
58.8
51.7
56.6
59-3
57.3
56.9
56.1
59-4
57-9
deg.'
52.6
5i-7
50.1
51.4
50.2
50.5
539
51.9
47.2
50.9
53.9
51-5
49.3
50.2
53.*8
53.7
deg.
3*3
34.o
320
3I-§
30.8
35.o
434
37.6
36.3
37.8
39.o
37-4
30-7
36.8
37.0
40.5
350
42.4
deg.
66.5
67.4
66.0
67.0
66.8
66.0
67.5
66.3
62.0
63.3
69.3
64.7
66.2
65.6
65.4
65.9
65.0
66.8
%
8*5
86
85
87
80
88
92
9"
83
87
92
88
82
84
0-10
6.1
6.5
5-7
7.2
6.0
7.0
7.5
H
6.6
6.8
7.0
7.0
8.0
6.3
hrs.
80.8
104.4
118.I
III.O
122.0
in. 2
%
...
36
37.3
...
::
7
2
5
5
2
7
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
71
NOVEMBER, 1901.
«* A WW A T "»
TEMPERATURE IN 8CREEN.
i
Ok
B
0
£
II
fl^lPtWAl.tf.
mum.
KXTRXKB.
*
Ok
1
i
1
If *
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1
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a
£
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1
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£
a
a
i
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H
6
00
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in.
deg.
deg.
deg.
deg.
deg.
deg.
%
0-10
hn.
%
A&otakenvdl ., .68
i
33
...
...
...
...
...
...
Ashbortm.
! 1-35
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43 9
37-5
50.0
437
27.6
56.2
85
6;
...
...
...
BAmsttfle.
2.26
10
I.OI
41.3
35-5
49-9
42.7
22.0
58.8
86
6.9
...
...
BercAlaun
1 -59
8
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39-2
34-7
47.6
41.1
22.0
55.0
...
...
Brekfatle^h .
1. 16
7
49
41. 1
35-2
495
423
19.0
56.6
84
5 ;
...
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1. 01
11
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39-8
339
48.5
41.2
18.5
572
84
67
61.7
IO
Exettr . .
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7
.21
40.7
35-9
47.6
41.7
23.0
56.0
...
...
Head Weir
PljmaQthBn.)' .94
...
...
...
...
...
...
Holne . . 1.60
7
•49
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Dfraoomhe.
3-31
11
•93
46.6
42.0
51.2
46.6
31-9
58.5
85
5.0
...
kiagsbndge
.40
4
.18
...
...
...
...
Exopvear
(littery Court)
5ewtcn Abbot
(Tegabridge)
Rjacvtb
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6
.20
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
(Hoe Oba.)
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7
.14
43-8
39-3
50.5
44-9
26.0
58.0
88
6.0
76.0
7
Fcacetovn
2.28
I
1.16
39-1
35.o
44-7
39-8
25.9
54.8
87
6-5
loejdoo Obeerv.
67
.21
41.8
36.6
47-7
42.1
24.8
53-9
89
6.7
100.0
38
5
Stkoabe .
.65
8
.21
46.6
41.2
50.2
45-7
28.0
57 4
87
6.9
...
Skfeooth .
•5*
6
• >3
4*7
37-8
48.6
43-2
25.6
56.1
87
6.4
69. s
11
Socth Brent
1. 10
7
•35
...
...
Soiduiioltoii
2.02
12
99
38.'i
3*6
48.9
40.7
1 8.1
56.4
89
6.0
...
...
...
Tsmtoek .
1.18
8
•45
42.3
37.0
48.3
42.6
23.4
56.2
85
5-9
...
...
...
T&gsiBoath
.63
8
.14
...
26.0
57.4
...
...
Torquay
• Dtvon Roeery)
64
5
.29
...
...
...
...
...
...
TaqaeyMetObs.
•53
6
.16
44.6
40.8
50.5
45.7
293
58.4
83
7.0
66.0
25
9
Toreuy Wtrshd.
Btekixigitone.
.62
Eeuuek.
X.13
10
.28
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Uployd.
Tottiford
,:S
8
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...
...
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...
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...
...
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tea
•Tkry Pomeroy)
1.64
12
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...
...
...
21.0
53.o
...
...
...
...
.62
4
.18
?«tt*eombe
I.83
11
I.84
46.9
41.7
50.3
46.0
312
57.o
79
58
91V1
"i
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
72
TWENTIETH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
DECEMBER, 1901.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
i
»
1
£
Ok
1
6
i
1
JS
RAIN* ALL..
MEANS.
EXTREMES.
§Vi
STATIONS.
U
II
a
u
0
h
h
1
i
c
53
i
S
4
9
1
i
§
1
s
i
3
i
f
B
m
^1*
Abbotskerswell .
Ashburton .
Barnstaple .
Bere Alston
Buckfastleigh .
CuUompton
Exeter
Head Weir
(Plymouth Res.)
Holne
Ilfracombe .
Kingsbridge
Kingswcar
(Kittery Court)
Newton Abbot
(Teignbridge)
Plymouth
(Hoe Obs.)
Princetown
Rousdon Obserr.
Salcombe .
Sidmouth .
South Brent
Southmolton
Tavistock .
Teignmouth
Torquay
(Devon Rosery)
Torquay Met. Obs.
Torauay Wtrshd.
.Blackingstone.
Kennick .
Laployd .
Tottiford
Torrington, Great
Totnes
(Berry Pomeroy)
Woolacombe
in.
8.73
IO.36
6.84
8.41
I2.03
6.50
6.04
8.83
12.44
7.12
8-35
6.91
6.44
12.86
6.41
6.65
5.87
12.31
6.91
10.45
7-3S
7.61
7.30
6.58
8.24
7.29
8.06
6.96
8.36
4.72
20
24
23
26
19
24
22
25
21
23
20
25
24
21
22
24
25
24
26
22
22
19
24
24
25
21
21
in.
1.54
1.48
1.35
1.06
1.42
"•13
1.18
1.75
1.64
1-33
1.25
1.08
1.58
1.69
«30
1.62
•93
1-33
1.29
1.24
f.49
1-39
.91
1-31
1.40I
deg.
41.2
41.4
39.4
40.0
38.9
41.5
44.9
42.5
36.8
40.1
43.5
41.4
3*8.9
39-4
431
44.1
deg.
35.3
37-2
34-8
343
33-1
34-1
41.0
38.4
32.8
359
395
36.4
33-5
35-3
38.2
39.7
deg.
46.7
47.4
45.0
46.9
46.4
45-1
47.9
47.5
424
45-3
46.3
46.8
46.0
44.1
48.4
47-3
deg.
41.0
42.3
399
40.5
39.8
396
44-4
42.9
37.6
40.6
42.9
41.6
397
39.7
43-0
43.5
deg.
25.3
24.0
21.0
19.0
19.0
23.0
29.9
246
23.0
26.2
28.0
25.4
i8.'7
24o
24.5
27.8
21.0
30.0
deg.
55-1
59.0
54.0
55.o
56.2
56.5
54*2
S4-l
51.8
54-1
53-9
56.0
55.4
52.7
55.7
55.7
53.0
54.4
%
87
88
89
86
85
88
92
9i
87
89
86
9i
8*4
83
0-10
7.3
7-3
5-4
7-4
7.0
7.0
7.4
6.1
6.8
6.7
7.0
7.6
6.0
7.0
hra.
37.8
45.0
65.V
59.3
63.1
29.3
%
... I.
... ]..-
1
... :i:
27 II
... |i:
26.2 1:
Digitized by VjOOQ l€
COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
73
SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR 1901.
STATIONS.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
i
d
0
s
3
—
2
i
si
a
a
0
O
d
0
0
«
RAI>r all.
MEANS,
EXTREMIS.
© 'S 1
— i
m
-
3
0
is
|
0
S
1
M
m
■
c
n
i
|
3
s
a
&
H
m
s
U
<
j
a
2
UHWtn .
tkrarUple.
Bete Akto*
TTirtfatliiflfc .
C*Uompio»
Exeter . .
Hod Weir
(Bjrnwrtii Bet)
llfmxmbe .'
Knpfaricfee
EkSPBKr
(Ettey Conrt )
Sewtoi Abbot
TWnbridge]
(Hoc0b&)
PrinortowD
SwAaefton
TsTi«ock .
Tagaassth
[Dereo Roaery)
f ■yifMilObB.
. gwWtnbd
£«§ek. .
Tottifcrd'
Ivriagton, Great
teyPomeroy)
in.
38.30
44-93
33-40
3994
50.90
31.06
30-54
44.14
54 94
36.10
32.99
32.91
67.79
32.18
30.30
54-39
37-23
45-59
32.54
32.94
32.82
27.71
39.02
3,-99
37.7o
33-09
3741
26.64
133
173
173
I78
158
I64
'75
I88
175
155
168
155
157
152
178
206
183
I64
I64
153
I84
173
l80
152
173
in.
2.18
1.48
'-35
1.49
2.06
'■13
1.56
'•75
1.64
1.75
1.45
i-95
1.78
1.67
1.73
1.58
^33
2.25
2.07
2.31
2.28
2.24
1.22
Mi
1.40
deg.
50.5
50.3
492
51.3
50.0
51.2
$1.0
51. 1
44.8
48.6
50.6
47-9
49-7
51.3
deg.
43-5
43- 1
42.6
41.5
41.2
43-2
47-0
44-8
40,1
42.9
43.5
403
42.5
45-3
46.I
deg.
56.9
56.9
55.6
57-2
57-5
57.0
55.6
56.4
50.8
54-3
55.7
56.1
55.0
56.5
56.0
deg.
50.2
50.0
49.1
49-4
49.4
50.1
5'-3
50.6
45.4
48.6
49-6
48.2
48.8
50.9
51.0
deg.
25.3
22.0
21.0
19.0
18.5
21.0
29.9
22.0
18. 1
21.7
25.0
17.8
19.0
22,0
22.5
21.0
2*6.8
deg.
83.3
84.3
85.0
84.0
87.0
82.0
86.0
81.7
83-9
80.2
77-i
87.0
87.6
82.7
78*6
84.0
84.0
8l
79
77
77
81
82
86
80
«3
80
7*8
81
0-10
6.1
6.5
5-3
6.4
5-9
6.0
6.6
6-3
5*8
6.5
6.3
5-5
hrs.
1576. 1
1732.6
1915.6
1870.1
1876.5
1 777- 1
7o
43
42.6
5*
5o
53
57
(9
66
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
SIXTH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF
THE COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
Sixth Report of the Committee — consisting of Mr. James
Hamlyn, j.p. (Chairman), Mr. P. F. S. Amery, j.p., Sir
Alfred W. Croft, M.A., K.C.I.E., Mr. J. M. Wadmore,
Mr. W. Inglvam, A.M.I.C.E., and Mr. Alfred Chandler,
f.r.met.soc. (Secretary) — to collect and tabulate trustworthy
and comparable observations on the climate of Devon.
Edited by Alfred Chandler, f.b.vbt.soa, Secretary.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
Your Committee here present the Report of the Meteoro-
logical Observations taken during the year 1887, omitted
from the Transactions of the Society for 1888, in accordance
with the following instruction.
Copy of a resolution passed at the meeting of the Council
of the Devonshire Association held at Exeter on the 26th of
February, 1902 :—
"10. On the motion of Mr. Hansford Worth, seconded by
Mr. 6. M. Doe, it was resolved that the Committee for collecting
and tabulating Observations on the Climate of Devon be author-
ised to prepare a tabulated statement of the Rainfall, Temperature,
etc., for the year 1887, on the same lines as their Annual Reports,
and present the same to the Association at the next Annual
Meeting ; and that the tabulated statement so prepared be printed
in the next volume of the Transactions.'9
Your Committee desire to thank all those who have so
kindly sent in copies of the Observations for 1887, from
which this Report is compiled.
The names of the Observers and of the Stations, with
the approximate heights, are as follows: —
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
SIXTH UEPOKT ON THE CLIMATE OF "DEVON.
75
elevation (feet).
OB8BRVER OR AUTHORITY.
Ashburton (Druid) . . 584
Babbacombe (Kirkham) . 293
Barnstaple (Athenaeum) . 25
Buckfastleigh (Bossel) . . 250
Cullompton . . 202
Exeter (Devon and Exeter
Institution) . . .155
Holne (Vicarage) . . 650
Ilfracombe . . . 20
Newton Abbot (Teicnbridge) 27
Paignton (Hollacombe) . . 28
Plymouth . ...
Princetown (H.M. Prison) 1359
Bousdon (The Observatory) . 516
Teignmouth (Bitton) .
. 70
Torquay —
Castle College
. 166
Devon Rosery
. 36
Lamorna
. 200
Torquay Watershed —
Kennick
. 842
Tottiford .
. 718
... P. F. S. Amery, j.p.
... E. E. Glyde, f.r.mrt.soc. — -
... Thomas Wainwright.
... James Hamlyn, j.p.
..#. T. Turner, j.p., f.r.Met.8oc.
... A. R. Allinson, m.a., Librarian.
... Rev. John Gill, m.a.
... M. W. Tattam.
... F. H. Plumptree, j.p.
...J. Greenfield.
... H. Victor Prigg, a.mj.c.e.
... W. Marriott, f.r.m«t.soc.
(Asbt. Sec. Rot.Mbt.8oo.)
... The late Sir Cuthbert B. Peek,
M.A., F.R.A.8., F.R.Met.Soo.
... The late W. T. Radford, md.,
F.R.A.8., F.R.Mbt.8oc.
... W. C. Lake, m.d.
... C. J. Harland.
... Alfred Chandler, f.r.Mbt.Soc.
... W. Pengelly, f.r.s., f.r.g.8.
J- William Ingham, a.m.i.c.e.
James Hamlyn, Chairman.
Alfred Chandler, Secretary.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
76
SIXTH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
JANUARY, 1887.
RAINFALL.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
i
E
3
m
6
1
5
c
•8
a
a
GO
■
a
3
i
MEANS.
KXTRBMEB.
STATIONS.
■i
&
0
E
"5
4
a
I
§
I
e
■5
5
s
s
S
Ashbnrton
Babbacombe
Barnstaple
Buckfastleigh .
CuUompton
Exeter
Holne
Ilfracombe
Newton Abbot .
Paignton .
Plymouth .
Pnncetown
Rousdon .
Sidmouth .
Teignmouth
Torquay
Castle College .
Devon Rosery .
Lamorna
Torquay Wtrshd.
Kennick .
Tottiford
in.
5-31
333
3-74
5.15
331
2.86
6.69
243
3.58
4.04
4.00
5.89
3.38
32a
308
3."
3-13
3- 40
3.48
17
18
17
13
19
14
19
15
16
19
18
23
14
18
18
17
18
19
19
in.
1.08
.72
1. 00
.70
.80
1.27
•37
.86
.90
•97
•97
.85
•74
.81
•75
.81
deg.
39.3
394
37.3
3c5
38.0
41.8
39-2
359
37.2
392
38.9
399
deg.
35-2
36.1
319
32.2
34.8
38.0
34*8
30.8
34.1
35.1
35-2
35 3
deg.
44.8
44.6
43.5
42.8
45-4
45-5
42.2
42.2
44-1
44.8
45.0
deg.
40.1
40.5
38.3
37.9
38.8
41.7
40.2
36.5
38.2
396
40.0
40.2
deg.
28.8
24.0
i8.*8
17.8
20.0
31.0
19.0
199
26.0
25.0
25.8
deg.
54-7
52.2
53-5
55-3
54 5
555
49-5
51.1
53-5
532
53.5
%
96
92
89
94
82
94
94
95
91
95
89
0-10
7.1
7-7
84
*7
7.6
7.8
8.1
7.4
6.9
hrs.
33o
56.0
17
Ashbnrton
1.24
7
Babbacombe
•73
7
Barnstaple
•59
6
Buckfastleigh .
2.35
6
CuUompton
.32
8
Exeter
•30
3
Holne
I.M
12
Ilfracombe
.62
6
Newton Abbot .
.68
5
Paignton .
.72
1
Plymouth .
.72
Princetown
4-35
12
Rousdon .
•55
8
Sidmouth .
•35
7
Teignmouth
*7
7
Torquay
Castle College.
.58
8
Devon Rosery .
.70
6
Lamorna
.6*
7
Torquay Wtrshd.
Kennick .
.78
Q
Tottiford
.81
9
.60
.29
.95
.14
.12
•79
.20
.41
.38
I. IO
.18
.20
.30
•3*
.24
.36
•39
FEBRUARY, 1887.
39-7
41.1
39-2
39-o
39-7
42.7
39.7
3t'3
38.4
40.2
40.7
41.4
41.6
35.6
46.0
40.7
28.0
55-5
90
7.o
36.8
45.7
41.2
21.6
53-5
83
7-7
32.8
46.3
395
16.0
54-4
85
6.7
33-4
46.0
39-7
19.0
54.3
87
6.9
34-9
45.7
40.3
22.5
56.0
38.5
46.6
42.5
29.7
53-5
81
5-7
35-7
45-9
4a8
...
90
30.5
40.6
35.6
18.5
49.0
94
6.9
33-o
43.7
38.3
239
50.1
92
7.1
35-8
45.0
40.4
24.7
52.0
84
7-3
36.6
45-9
41.2
23.7
53.7
89
7.5
36.8
45.5
41.1
24.3
51.9
85
6.7
36.6
46.9
417
23.7
55.o
89
7.5
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
77
MARCH, 1887.
n a r%m * t t
TEMPERATURE IN 8CRBBN.
i
£
RAiriFALL.
i
0
6
MEANS.
EXT*EMEft.
Ok
•5
g
s
S
i
a
st
siAXion.
4
s
0
4*
t
i
c
1
H
a
i
i
e
0
3
S
a
E
I
&
5
1
ID.
1 in. | deg. ' deg.
deg.
deg.
deg.
deg.
% ;o-io
hra.
i&KOteB
2.52
91 .94i 40 2 I34.3
46.7
40.5
24.9
57.8
82 5.3
Bthtaoafat .
I.7O
121 .531 40.7 1 33.9
455
39-7
236
57.9
79! 6.1
Btrcsti^e
I.69 ' IO' ...
• ...
... I ...
BrtfafegL .
2.22
4 1.00
39.5 30.7
46.9
38.8
17.8
59.8 7% | ...
CoDoopkoD
155
11 ' .so
38.4 30.5
46.5
38.5
"3 7
57.5
85,6.1
142.0
5
inter . .
I.50
6 1 .70 38.4 : 33 0
46.0
39.5
22.5
57.8
... 1 ...
...
Hobe . .
3-25
10 1.15 ... | ...
... | ...
Cfnceefee
1.78
10 .60 41.3 36.7
44.8
40.7
28.*6
52.2 79 4.2
...
Sfttoa Abbot .
I.65
6l .59 ... 1 ...
...
...
fupum . .
2.O4
91 -56
PfTBOBth. .
i*3
10 ' ...
392'34.i
47.8
40.9
83
...
ProectovB
1.85
11 | .71
34.1 27.6
399
337
16.0
52.0 89 6.7
festa . .
i-35
9I .58
38.4 31-4
46.0
38.7
20.9
57.9I 88 16. 1
148.0
5
S&mth . .
1.25
11 1 -3§
39-3 j 33-2
45-5
39.4 '24.2
56.7:82
6.7
TlIgKBOGth
Ttnjuj
CfctkCofl^i.
1-43
81 .58
397
34.1
47-1
40.6
25.1
57.6
85
5-8
...
...
1.64
8
40.1
34-2
45.0
39-6
25.0
55.7
79
S-*
...
BemBoseq.
1.69
6
•59
40.1
33.8
46.6
40.2
237
573 82
7-3
...
...
Laura
1.48
9
•45
...
...
TnjajWtnM.
Ink. .
1.99
10
.89
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
faifed
1.78
10
.88
...
...
...
APRIL, 1887.
ttbte
175
91
.66' 46.5 '
36.5
54.1
45.3
312
66.2
83
49
...
Bt&aoift .
1. 14
9 .26,46.9,37.2
52 7
45-o
28.2
65.8 70
5.3
fo&aifle
156
71 ... | ... , ...
...
... ...
•••
179
8 .75'46.7i 32.7
5M
43.o
23.0
67.9 72
4.8
1.37
6 .76 45.6
33.6
53.5
43-5
23.2
65.0 73
6.1
208.0
Bo1* .
96
201
5
10
•54' 45.6
.86! ...
357
53.6
44.6
29.0
66.0 ...
... 1 ...
...
5«iflo Abbot . .88
9
6
.40I 45-2
.27 ...
40.3
49.9
45 1
34.9
56.5 82
5.3
...
Jjiooth.
1.3*
1. 16
9
9
.30
45.7
38.#3
54.1
46.2
...
... 1 74
...
fawtwn
ktleCollege.
kroBoiery.
Wnona
1.74
10
•37
38.0
31.4
45.2
38.3
26.5
53.0 80 1 6.6
1.01
9
.28
44.6
34.5
52.5
43.5
27.8
65.9 78 . 56
210.0
1.03
11
35
44-3
36.1
51.9
44.0
28.7
63.1 76
6.1
...
91
7
.28
47.1
37.6
54.1
45.8
29.7
67.2 79
5-4
...
123
9
...
45.7
37.3
35-6
516
44-5
29.8
1
63.2 69
3.5
...
123
1.25
8
9
.26 46.6
.27 ...
532
44.4
27.9
64.7
72
6.0
T«WWtrshd!
Sanuck
94
1.03
9
1 9
.40
.46
...
...
...
...
...
-
...
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
78
SIXTH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
MAY, 1887.
RAINFALL.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
i
Ok
E
s
m
i
1
6
1
a
a
00
t
5
X
MSAMS.
EXTREMES.
STATIONS.
at
£
®
is
0
J
c
I
3
i
0
a
*s
S
8
0
a
Aahburton
-Babbaconibe
Barnstaple
Buckfastleigh .
Cnllompton
Exeter
Holne
Ilfracombe
Newton Abbot .
Paignton .
Plymouth .
Princetown
Rousdon .
Sidmouth .
Teignmouth
Torquay
Castle College .
Devon Rosery .
Lamorna
Torquay Wtrshd.
Kennick .
Tottiford
n.
1.96
1.76
1.17
2.38
1.83
1. 16
2.64
1.75
1.23
1.86
2.09
1.64
2.31
1.78
1.70
1.78
I.87
1.91
1. 10
1.07 1
13
18
II
7
13
9
13
16
12
17
15
13
14
16
14
17
15
19
10
10
in.
54
•34
1.00
•37
•32
.66
.65
.27
•39
•94
.68
.58
36
•35
.32
.31
•3'
deg.
57-7
51.2
52.4
52.6
50.0
52.8
40.5
51.0
50.7
52.2
50.8
52.0
deg.
43.7
44.6
42.7
43.5
45.2
45.8
46.1
335
42.0
43.8
45.8
44.1
44.0
deg.
59.2
57.5
59.1
59.3
593
54.4
60.3
47.5
57.5
57.3
59.o
56.7
58.0
deg.
51.4
51.0
50.9
51.4
52.2
50.1
53.2
40.5
49.8
50.5
52.4
50.4
51.0
deg.
36.0
3M
3**§
32.8
36.5
39.5
30.0
33-8
36.6
36.3
36.3
34.3
deg.
69.4
67.9
69.0
67.9
67.0
62.2
56.0
66.1
65.6
66.2
66.4
66.4
%
82
78
85
76
8*4
75
80
80
82
76
75
76
0-10
6.8
7.1
6-7
7-7
6.3
6.7
7.1
7.2
7.5
hrs.
163^0
...
109.0
...
5
•-
JUNE, 1887.
Aahburton
-Babbaoombe
Barnstaple
Buckfastleigh
Cnllompton
Exeter
Holne
Ilfracombe
Newton Abbot .
Paignton .
Plymouth .
Princetown
Rousdon .
Sidmouth .
Teignmouth
Torquay
Castle College
Devon Rosery
Lamorna
Torquay Wtrshd,
Kennick
Tottiford
. .18
2
.10
64.0
52.5
71.2
61.8
4M
83.0
61
3.5
. .11
3
.04
62.3
52.1
68.9
60.5
45.8
82.7
7o
4.0
. -94
6
...
...
. .80
3
52
643
46.1
7'i.'8
58.9
39.o
84.1
68
3-6
. .11
2
.08
64.3
48.2
72.9
60.6
42.1
83.1
64
4tO
. 0.0
0
66.7
51.8
72.4
62.1
46.0
82.5
...
. .21
3
.11
. .06
3
03
59-3
53.9
66.4
60.0
47.8
77.4
79
3-8
. .04
2
...
...
...
.*.
. .10
3
.04
...
...
...
- -40
4
63.1
54.2
73-2
63.7
70
...
. 1.77
7
.61
558
49.0
65.1
5M
39.o
74.0
83
3.9
. .19
3
.16
61.0
50.0
68.6
593
42.8
78.9
75
4.3
. .09
3
.05
61.7
51.0
67.4
59.2
44.9
77.7
72
3-9
. .03
2
.02
63.2
52.8
69.7
61.2
45.2
81.0
7i
3-7
. .07
3
61.8
52.1
68.8
60.4
45.5
81.0
67
3.2
: a
2
3
•03
.03
61.9
50.4
69.0
59.7
43-9
81.6
72
4.2
. .40
2
.36
...
...
...
- -35
2
.32
...
...
...
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
79
JULY, 1887.
8TATION8.
RAINFALL.
la
U
TBMPBRATURB IN 8CRBEN.
u
I
Uhburton
kbbacombe
Barnstaple
iuckfastleigh
hillompton
Cxeter
lolne
lfracombe
Newton Abbot .
tagnton .
Plymouth .
Mncetown
lousdon .
iidmouth .
Teignmouth
Torquay
Castle College.
Devon Rosery .
Lamorna
Torquay Wtrshd.
Kennick.
Tottiford
in.
2.19
1-37
1.76
2.00
1.42
.82
2.55
1.67
1.28
1. 18
1.39
1.87
.90
.89
1.27
1.13
1.26
1-57
i.33
in,
•94
42
1. 00
.38
.24
1. 01
:5s
•43
.38
.32
.17
.38
•43
.38
.60
.48
67.0
67.0
68.4
67.1
67.5
64.4
65.5
633
63.5
64.9
67.5
65.7
65.9
deg.
55-9
56.4
58.*9
51.9
56.0
58.'i
579
56.3
53-8
55.o
575
56.1
54-5
deg.
73-2
72.8
... *
74.6
74.0
746
68.'4
759
70.4
70.0
70.5
73.5
71.2
71-7
deg.
64.5
64.6
66\7
62.9
65-3
63.2
669
63.3
61.9
62.8
65.5
63.7
63.1
deg.
510
5ii
41.8
42.6
490
sis
48.0
490
49-3
51.8
49.1
47.0
84.0
84.1
&5
82.5
83.0
80.7
81. 1
81 4
8*5
81.5
fcO.2
8l
0-10
4.2
50
3.5
49
4-6
4-5
5.8
4.6
5.5
hrs.
245
248
AUGUST, 1887.
Uhburton
Jabbacombe
Barnstaple
Juckfastleigh
>ullompton
Sxeter
lolne
lfracombe
Newton Abbot
>aignton .
^ymouth .
Mncetown
lousdon .
lidmouth .
."eignmouth
Torquay
Castle College .
Devon Rosery .
Lamorna
Torquay Wtrshd.
Kennick
Tottiford
2.37
9
.96
638
53. 1
70.9
62.0
47.4
!3-7
75
4.2
...
1.50
10
.88
64.3
53.1
702
61.7
44.6
82.9
70
5.1
...
1.51
9
...
...
...
1-77
9
1.02
65! 1
47-5
71^7
59-6
36*7
84.9
88
37
...
1.29
7
.32
64.6
48.2
71.7
60.0
38.2
82.7
74
4-5
2620
1.26
9
•32
63.9
524
73-8
63.1
44-8
80.0
2.70
10
I.OI
1. 21
10
•4«
63.4
57.0
6m
62.2
5i.*8
80.0
79
3.6
...
1.44
9
.61
2.24
10
.87
...
...
1.30
8
...
63.6
54-7
72.3
6*5
7i
...
...
373
11
1. 10
589
51.7
64.1
57.9
42.' 5
730
85
5.6
2.02
10
.65 62.4
52.0
68.5
60 2
45.9
82.9
7i
5.0
253.0
1.29
11
.36 62.9
52.9
68.6
60.7
45.1
81.2
70
5.0
I.OI
8
•57
63.1
53.2
70.2
61.7
46.1
80.8
50
...
1-75
10
63.0
52.5
69.0
60.7
45 3
81.7
67
»••
...
1.71
9
93
62.7
50.6
71.4
61.0
43 9
80.6
7i
5-7
...
1.70
12
.85
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1.60
10
.46
...
...
...
1.66
9
•43
...
...
...
...
...
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
80
SIXTH REPORT (THIRD SERIES) OF THE
SEPTEMBER,
1887
RAINFALL.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
£
Ok
6
e
3"
£
i
0
5
MEANS.
KXTRKMB.
8TATION8.
!l
1
h
0
I*
IT
i
c
5
i
3
•<
§
6
c
S
"5
£
a
£
1
0
R
i
a
CO
ABhburton
Babbacombe
Barnstaple .
Buckfastleigh «.
Cullonipton
Exeter
Holne
Ilfracombe
Newton Abbot .
Paignton .
Plymouth .
Pnncetown
Rousdon .
Sidmouth .
Teignmouth
Torquay
Castle College .
Devon. Rosery .
Lamorua
Torquay Wtrshd.
Kennick
Tottiford
in.
3.78
2'SZ
4.78
2.87
2.30
4.75
3.35
2.46
2.85
3-5'
12.07
3.12
3-23
2.35
2.38
2.37
2.78
3.05
15
17
19
16
19
12
17
'5
14
17
15
16
16
16
15
13
17
'5
14
in.
1.87
.84
2.05
•79
.82
1.95
.92
1. 10
1.03
3.10
1. 10
• 97
.91
.92
.81
I.I7
1. 21
deg.
56.2
56.4
56.1
555
54-2
56.8
56.1
46.8
5S.o
55.1
56.2
56.0
56.3
deg.
47.8
49.0
45-4
45.8
47.7
52 0
50.3
40.1
45.8
484
49-8
49.8
49.0
deg.
62.2
61.6
6*2.*8
61.8
62.0
60.0
62.3
55.7
61.6
61.0
63.0
60.6
61.9
deg.
55 0
55.3
54.1
53.8
54.8
56.0
56.4
47.9
53-7
54.7
56.4
55.2
55-4
deg.
37.7
35.4
28.0
29.8
33-5
43.8
32.7
36.3
36.4
36.2
34.9
34.o
deg.
68.4
66.7
7*6.*6
66.2
73-0
65.0
60.0
67.1
67.1
67.4
65.6
66.7
%
86
78
88
78
82
81
83
P
84
82
78
79
0-10
6.5
5-1
6.0
7.6
7.0
6.5
5.6
5.8
7.o
hrs.
i33.o
149.0
OCTOBER, 1887.
Ashburton
Babbacombe
Barnstaple
Buckfastleigh
Cullompton
Exeter
Holne
Ilfracombe
Newton Abbot
Paignton .
Plymouth .
Pnncetown
Rousdon .
Sidmouth .
Teignmouth
Torquay
Castle College-.
Devon Rosery .
Lamorna
Torquay Wtrshd.
Kennick
Tottiford
3-34
II
2.02
48.6
41.6
54.2
47.9
29.8
61.0
82
6.0
3.3i
10
1.25
48.4
41.7
54-0
47.8
273
60.0
78
6.5
4 39
14
1-32
...
3-09
9
1.65
455
36.3
54.4
45.' 3
«."s
60.2
94
5.9
4.16
13
1.80
46.1
36.9
53.4
45.1
21.4
59.i
84
6.0
4.40
9
1.90
46.5
39.7
52.4
46.0
25.5
59-5
4.64
11
1.90
...
2.22
10
.72
50.6
45.2
53.'8
49.8
35-0
59-2 78
6.8
3.21
12
1.22
...
...
...
...
...
...
3.25
11
1.17
...
...
...
4.22
11
47.1
41.9
»
47-9
82
59§
3.58
11
3-*7
42.6
35.1
41.7
28.5
56.9
78
7.i
12 1.37
46.0
39.1
533
46.2
27.8
61. 1 82
7.0
427
10 1.79
46.6
41.0
52.8
46.9
30.0
5M 85
6.5
3.19
11
1.26
47.0
41.8
53.7
47.7
27.4
60.5 89
6.3
3-42
10
47.5
41.2
53.3
47.3
28.2
58.9 ' 77
5-4
3-44
9 1.18
47.1
39.7
54.2
47.0
26.7
60.2
83
6.7
I
310
13 1.22
1
...
...
...
3-74
1
11 2.40
...
3.51
11
2.40
...
...
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
COMMITTEE ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
81
NOVEMBER,
1887.
RAINFALL.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
£
Ok
1
m
3*
£
Ok
i
0
5
a
1
00
MEANS.
EXTREMES.
i
STATIONS.
1*
1
at
la
U
O
fid
i
i
4
e
8
*
E
s
6
"5
a
E
0
6
I
s
i
a
c
00
Ash burton
Babbacombe
Barnstaple
Bnnkfastleigh
Cullompton
Kxeter
Holne
Ilfracombe
Newton Abbot .
Paignton .
Plymouth .
Princetown
Rousdon .
Sidmouth .
Teignmouth
Torquay
Castle College .
Devon Rosery .
Lamorna
Torquay Wtrshd.
Kennick .
Tottiford
in.
5-53
4.01
3-56
2.82
3.86
6.54
3.33
5.44
4.28
4.29
10.45
3.54
4.53
3.59
3.83
3.94
3.55
6.39
5.81
19
21
15
18
21
16
23
17
18
20
19
19
21
20
19
18
15
20
22
21
in.
1.22
.68
1.00
.50
.92
1.02
•45
1. 21
•75
1.70
.64
1. 11
.61
.66
•53
1. 14
.98
deg.
42.9
43.4
41.4
40.9
42.0
...
45.3
:::
43-2
40.6
42.4
43-2
43.8
43.7
deg.
38.5
39.1
36.1
35.4
36.7
*
39-6
34.2
3§'8
38.5
39.2
39.6
38.5
deg.
48.2
479
47.2
46.4
46.2
48*9
48.0
46.1
46.2
46.9
47.6
479
48.8
deg.
43-3
43.5
41.6
40.9
41.4
45.5
43.8
40.2
41.0
42.7
43-4
43.7
43-6
deg.
300
3i-3
22.5
23.2
25-5
32.3
24 0
25.9
28.2
29.5
28.8
28.6
deg.
553
54.6
53-4
52.1
53-5
54.0
52.*7
54 7
54.4
54.1
$6.8
%
88
86
89
88
82
!*
82
9i
90
9i
83
87
0-10'
6.1
7.2
6.;
M
8.0
7.6
7-5
7-»
6.8
7-3
8.6
hra.
55.0
80.0
1
>
DECEMBER, 1887.
Ashburton
Babbacombe
Barnstaple
Buckfastleigh .
Cullompton
Exeter
Holne
Ilfracombe
Newton Abbot .
Paignton .
Plymouth .
Princetown
Rousdon
Sidmouth .
Teignmouth
Torquay
Castle College .
Devon Rosery .
Lamorna
Torquay Wtrshd.
Kennick
Tottiford
VOL. XXXIV.
5.69
3-Q7
3-74
6.65
3-34
2.76
6.99
2.66
2.95
3.64
4.33
2.71
3.38
2.93
2.84
2.83
3-29
300
3.66
18
142
40.5
34.9
46.3
40.6
24.1
56.8
U
6.1
...
18
16
14
-77
40.7
35.8
45-7
40.8
24.6
54.2
7.0
...
1.50
3*6.*7
329
46.5
397
19.0
54*8
96
5-7
18
.66
39-1
32.3
44-5
38.4
18.4
54-1
9°
6.7
54.o
10
13
.64
40.2
353
44.6
39.9
24.0
53.o
19
'•54
...
...
20
•47
439
39-9
47-3
436
30.8
53.*6
84
7-7
...
16
•74
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
!i
.82
...
...
40.3
r.
36.2
43-8
41.0
92
...
16
•99
27.8
4I*2
43.8
3£ 5
17.0
48.3
7.0
19
I.OI
32.6
38.2
21.9
54-1
93
7.2
780
10
18
.80
39-8
35.o
45.4
40.2
23.8
56.2
9i
6.9
...
17
.76
40.9
36.1
46.1
41. 1
25.2
54.9
94
6.3
...
16
41.5
36.5
45.8
41. 1
24.3
55.2
83
6.6
15
-77
41. 1
35.0
46.6
40.8
22.6
55.5
86
7.6
16
.62
...
...
...
...
...
18
.98
...
...
...
...
...
...
18
1. 00
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
82
SIXTH REPORT ON THE CLIMATE OF DEVON.
SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR 1887.
TEMPERATURE IN SCREEN.
if
1
m
I
e
Ok
1
6
3
1
0
OQ
RAIftrAijLta
KEAKft.
EXTRKlfEB.
STATIONS.
■i
&
u
u
0
|
"S
at
C
8
d
3
e
5
E
B
E
1
Ashburton
.Babbacombe
Barnstaple
Buckfastleigh .
Cullompton
Exeter
Holne
nfracombe
Newton Abbot .
Paignton .
Plymouth .
Pnncetown
Rousdon .
Sidmouth .
Teignmouth
Torquay
Castle College.
Devon Bosery .
Lamorna
Torquay Wtrshd.
Eennick
Tottiford
in.
35.86
24.56
29.43
39.o5
24-39
22.18
44.78
22.44
24.84
27.56
28.94
54.02
2533
24.86
22.07
23.75
23. 46
28.04
27.54
142
155
140
114
147
102
160
143
126
145
144
161
147
151
136
140
156
147
143
in.
2.02
1.25
2.05
1.80
1.90
1.95
.92
1.22
1.17
3.67
"37
1.79
1.26
1.22
2.40
2.40
deg.
5o.5
50.2
494
49.1
49.6
50.4
49.6
44.o
48.0
48.9
50.0
49.8
deg.
42.5
43-o
395
39.3
41.9
45.6
43.7
37-3
40.3
42.2
43-3
43.o
deg.
56.4
55.6
56.6
56.1
56.1
54-4
573
5o.5
54.5
56.2
55.0
deg.
49.4
493
48.0
47-7
49.0
50.0
50.5
43.9
47.4
48.4
49.8
49.0
deg.
24.1
21.6
16.0
13.7
20.0
28.6
16.0
19.9
23.8
237
24.3
deg.
84.0
84.1
|5.*5
83.5
82.5
83.0
80.7
82.9
81.4
83.5
81.7
%
83
79
P
80
81
80
84
82
77
0-10
5.6
6.3
6.2
5-9
6.4
6.4
6.0
hrs.
1784
1933
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
NINETEENTH EEPOET OF THE COMMITTEE ON
DEVONSHIRE FOLK-LORE.
Nineteenth Report of the Committee — consisting of Mr.
P. F. S. Amery (Secretary), Rev. S. Baring-Gould, Mr.
G. M. Doe, Rev. W. Harpley, Mr. P. Q. Karkeek, Mr. J. S.
Neck, Mrs. Radford, Mr. J. Brooking-Rowe, Mrs. Troup,
and Mr. IT. B. S. Woodhouse.
Edited by P. F. S. Amery, Honorary Secretary.
(Bead at Bideford, July, 1002.)
Your Committee have received a few notes as follows : —
A witch burial from Mr. F. T. Elworthy, F.S.A. ; scraps of
sayings and some names of rocks on Dartmoor from Mr.
D. 0. Evans ; recent instances in fortune-telling from police-
court reports, by Mr. H. B. S. Woodhouse ; and a common
saying from Rev. F. B. Dickinson, of Ottery St. Mary.
The Secretary requests that he may be informed of the
locality of any rocks or stones having a name or story
connected with them, as it appears many such exist in
every neighbourhood and should be recorded.
The thanks of the Committee are tendered to all who
have assisted in collecting scraps and bits of folk-lore.
W. Habplev, Chairman.
P. F. S. Ameby, Secretary.
How to Bury a Witch. — No longer ago than July, 1901,
I met Farmer , who lives on a farm belonging to me
in Devonshire. After the usual salutations the following
conversation occurred : —
Farmer: "I s'pose you've a-yeard th* old 'ummun
is dead to last."
F. T. K: "No, I had not heard of it. Where did she
die ? Not in this parish, I hope. She was here living not
very long ago."
f 2
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84 NINETEENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
Farmer: "Oh no; her wid'n bide here. Her zaid how
they was trying to pwoison her, zo her made 'em take her
home, and they drawed her home in a carriage. Her was
that wicked her died awful. x Her died cussin' and dam'in'
— wi' the words in her mouth."
F. T. E. : " Poor thing ! I suppose she was mad. When
did she die?"
Farmer: "Her died last Monday, and her's goin' to be
buried t'arternoon to Culmstock."
F. T. E. : " It is a good thing for us she is not going to be
buried here, for she's sure to be troublesome wherever she
lies."
Farmer: "Oh no, her 'ont, sir. You knows Joe , don't
'ee, sir? Well, I zeed Joe 'smorning, and he's gwain to
help car' her, zo I zes to Joe, zes I, ' For God's sake, Joe,
be sure and put in her up'm down.' "
F. T. E. : " Do you mean that the coffin is to be turned
upside down ? "
Farmer: "Ay, sure, and no mistake! Her 'ont be
troublesome then; 'cause if her do begin to diggy her can
on'y diggy downwards."
The person of whom all this was said had a very evil
reputation, and had been often accused of overlooking folks
as well as the cattle of her enemies. I have known other
cases in which interments have been made face downwards.
Compare " Nan Scott," in Grammar of West Somerset, p. 99.
F. T. Elworthy.
- Sayings. — Noted by Mr. D. 0. Evans, of Ashburton,
during the last twenty years: —
" If you burn onion skins you get no colts, and have bad
luck with sheep."
"If he bite my little finger, I'll bite his thumb."
" It's an old saying and a true one, I believe, that you
should cut your corns at the waning of the moon, and that
children's hair, too, should be cut then ; but old folks' hair
at the new moon."
"'Oh, I saw a wish'dness!' said a woman who rushed
into my cottage and sank into a chair ready to faint.
" ' Get along with you, do ! ' says I. ' 'Twas only some-
body rabbiting.'"
"Well, I hope it'll dry straight" Said of a person's
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ON DEVONSHIRE FOLK-LORE. 85
circumstances after illness or trouble. Alluding to clothes
drying on a line in high wind.
Remedy for Adder Bite, — Farmer B , of Holne, used
rotten eggs to a horse bitten by an adder in the hope that
it would be useful as it is to sheep.
Named Rocks. — At the top of the hill behind Pounds-
worthy there is a rock locally known as the Batch Loaf. It
was formerly a logan called the Ringed Tor. The Hen in
the Nest, a boulder stone in the West Dart which rocks
when the waters are up.
The belief in fortune-telling and its prevalence in Devon-
shire at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the
twentieth centuries is recorded by Mr. H. B. S. Woodhouse
in the following criminal proceedings : —
Fortune-telling at Plymouth (December, 1899). — At Ply-
mouth Mrs. Elizabeth Martin, an old woman, of Moon
Lane, was yesterday charged with pretending to tell fortunes
to impose upon Edith Sloman and others on November 20th.
The Chief Constable (Mr. J. D. Sowerby) said that it
came to his knowledge that girls in Coombe's confectionery
factory, where a considerable number of young women were
employed, on November 22nd refused to work for that day.
As the result of inquiries by a detective it was ascertained
that four of the girls went to defendant's house in Moon
Lane a few days previously, and three of them had their
fortunes told. One of the girls she told not to go to work
on the twenty-second because the boilers at the factory
were going to explode and injure nine of the employees.
That was the reason of the girls refusing to work.
Edith Sloman, employed at Coombe's (Limited) at the
Imperial Steam Confectionery Works, Milibay, stated that
she with Maud Glynn, Edith Johns, and another girl went
in the evening of November 20th to the defendant's room,
and said they had come to have their fortunes told. She
gave a pack of cards to Glynn, who shuffled them and cut
them into three parts. Defendant took the cards up,
spread them out, and began to tell their fortunes. She told
witness that she worked in a large building where the
boilers were going to explode on the third day after that
date, and two men and seven of the girls would be injured.
Defendant further said she was going to have a letter from
a dark chap, and that she was going a long journey by
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86 NINETEENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
water and train to him. Witness subsequently gave her
a threepenny-piece, and two of the others also gave her the
same sum, although she did not ask for money.
Edith Johns, of 38, St. Leonard's Lane, and until recently
an employee at the confectionery factory, said she accom-
panied the previous witness and Mrs. Glynn, but did not
go into defendant's room. Mrs. Martin let the others in,
but witness remained outside the door, where she heard
defendant tell Sloman that she was going to have a ring
and a letter from a dark man, to whom she was going
across the water. Whilst outside the door three other
women, whom Mrs. Martin had told to return in half an
hour, came back, and they also spoke about fortunes in the
presence of witness. Altogether eight girls came there, and
three were at the door during the time witness remained.
Defendant came to the door at one time and said to them,
"You had better go away. I don't want the police after
me."
Maud Glynn, a young widow, said the defendant, after
witness had shuffled and cut the cards, spread them out
and said, "You are going to marry another young fellow,
a dark young man under Government." She added that
witness would prosper throughout her life. Witness also
gave her threepence, though defendant asked for nothing.
That was generally what the girls gave when they came
fortune- telling.
The Magistrates' Clerk: I see, it is a recognised tariff.
You don't pay until you have had your fortune told.
Witness: No, sir; we mind our threepence first. Con-
tinuing, she said that as she was going defendant told her
to go right home, as she did not want any bother with the
police.
The Chairman said it had been clearly proved that
defendant was guilty of a very serious offence, and would
be fined twenty shillings, with an alternative of ten days'
imprisonment. — Western Morning News, December 5 th,
1899.
Palmistry at H/racombe (August, 1900). — Three interest-
ing cases were heard at the Ilfracombe Petty Sessions yester-
day. Mdlle. Vera von Brandt was charged with professing
to tell fortunes by the art of palmistry. Mr. Bosson prose-
cuted.— P.S. King said he visited Mdlle. Brandt on the
4th inst., when she asked him if he believed in palmistry.
She examined both his hands. She said he was strong
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ON DEVONSHIRE FOLK-LORE. 87
willed and would do well as a colonist. He was, however,
too careful, but would benefit by the death of a relative. —
Defendant pleaded that King had incited her to fortune-
telling. She worked on a purely scientific basis. — Fined £1
and costs. — Miss Marie Lantrow was charged with a similar
offence, which P.S. King proved, and was also mulcted in ±'1
and costs. — Mrs. Cecilia Smith, of the Royal Epping Forest
Gipsies, was similarly charged and fined. — P.C. Leach said
on the 8th inst., he went to defendant's tent in the Arcade
Road. He showed her the palms of both hands. She said
he had authority over others, and was in the employ of the
Government, but would not long follow his present occupa-
tion. His hands indicated that he would live more than
the average length of life. — Mr. Seldon, for the defence,
argued that the legality of palmistry was upheld by the
highest authorities. — Western Morning Nem, August 21st,
1900.
Ruling the Planets (February 4th, 1902). — At the Devon
Assizes Rhoda Bailey, 49, hawker, was indicted for stealing
£2 19s., belonging to Tom Coleman, by means of a trick,
at Bradninch, on January 3rd. Prosecutor is the landlord
of the King William Inn, at Bradninch, and on January 3rd
the prisoner drank at the house and sold his wife some
metal polish. She then said to Mrs. Coleman: "My good
lady, you have been living beside a bad neighbour before
coming here, and she has ruled a planet above you, and
you and your husband will have to work very hard in con-
sequence. If you would like to have another planet ruled
I will rule one for you." She further said she would have
to go away and fetch the planet, and it would take her
over half an hour. Mrs. Coleman paid her a shilling for
her to rule a planet, and when she returned she brought
with her an envelope which she said contained the planet.
The planet looked like a piece of newspaper. Prisoner
told her to take all the money she could spare and place
it in the envelope, and keep it there for twenty-four hours.
Mrs. Coleman put some money from her right hand into
the prisoners right hand, and she placed it in the envelope,
which she sealed and set down beside a glass of water on
the table. The money that Coleman gave her was a
sovereign, three half-sovereigns, three half-crowns, a shilling,
and a sixpence. Prisoner next asked for a silk handker-
chief, and Coleman sent her sister for one. Her sister left
the room, and Coleman, at the prisoner's request, went and
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88 NINETEENTH BEPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
wetted the handkerchief at the tap, after which the
envelope was tied up in it. Bailey said to her: "You are
not mistrustful, are you?" and she replied that she was
not. Prisoner then told her not to touch the envelope for
twenty-four hours, after which she could make use of
the money as before. Coleman carried the handkerchief,
envelope, and glass of water to her bedroom. On looking
at it the next morning she found that instead of there
being £2 19s., there was only 3%d. in coppers. — Mrs.
Coleman, cross-examined, said she did not see prisoner take
the money from the envelope. She did not give her nine
shillings in silver, and prisoner said nothing about leaving
the money with her until the ninth day. She asked
prisoner if the money would be good after it had been
on the planet, and she replied that she would be able to
use it again. — The jury found the prisoner guilty, and the
Judge passed a sentence of two months' imprisonment —
Western Morning News, February 5th, 1902.
Fortune-telling at Torquay (January, 1902). — At Torquay
yesterday Mary Drew, hawker, was charged with telling
fortunes. — Emily Martin, domestic servant at an establish-
ment in Fleet Street, stated that in January last year
defendant called at the house at which she was living
selling lavender. When she refused to buy again, defendant
said : " You are in love, and have a lucky eye. I will tell
you your fortune. I usually charge five shillings, but I will
tell yours for three shillings." She gave her three shillings,
receiving nothing in return. About a week later defendant
called again, and defendant wanted something else to enable
her to tell her fortune properly. Witness gave her a dress,
which she had to lay across defendant's basket in a certain
way and make a wish. She (witness) made a wish. Then
defendant went away. Some days later defendant made
another call. Then she let her have a jacket, worth ten
shillings, which "I thought was the ending up of my
fortune."
The Chairman : What did she offer you in return for the
black jacket? — My fortune. Later on defendant called
again, and inquired if witness had been paid he* wagea
She said "No." Subsequently witness met defendant near
the post office. She said her usual charge for telling
fortunes was five shillings, but she would manage it for her
for four shillings. Witness gave her four shillings. After
that defendant did not call again for some time.
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ON DEVONSHIRE FOLK-LORE. 89
What did she do for the four shillings ?— Nothing.
The Magistrates' Clerk: What did she do for the black
jacket ? — Tell my fortune.
What did she tell you? — She didn't tell me anything.
All she said was that I had a lucky eye and was in love.
Inspector Dymond: What happened next? — She called
again two or three days later and brought me an envelope.
I was to open it either at twelve o'clock next day or at
eight in the morning, I forget which. When I opened it
there was nothing but scribble upon it. I gave her a
shilling for the envelope. She came again, possibly a week
later, and then I gave her a macintosh and black skirt.
The Chairman: What did she promise you then? — My
fortune, sir.
The Chairman: What did she give you in exchange? —
Nothing whatever.
Not even a prophecy ? — Oh no, sir.
What possessed you to give money when you got nothing
in return ? Were you well at the time ? — Oh yes, sir. She
brought me another envelope, but it contained only scribble
like the last.
Did you really expect you were going to get any value for
your money? — No, sir. I hardly knew. She told me in
such a way, I didn't know whether it was true or not.
Why did you give her the money ? — Because she promised
to tell my fortune.
So you did expect something ?— Oh yes, sir.
Inspector Dymond said Torquay was a happy hunting
ground for such people as defendant. — There were eight
previous convictions against defendant, who was sent to
prison for three months' hard labour. — Western Morning
News, February 4th, 1902. H. B. S. W.
Common Saying. — " There are more ways of killing a dog
than choking him with butter." Which apparently implies
trying to improve upon something that is already good.
I complimented my gardener upon a new form of sea-kale
bed and that was his answer. F. B. D.
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NINETEENTH REPORT OF
THE COMMITTEE ON DEVONSHIRE VERBAL
PROVINCIALISMS.
Nineteenth Report of the Committee — consisting of Mr. J. S.
Amery, Dr. Brushfield, Mr. F. T. Elworthy (Secretary),
Mr. F. H. Firth, Mr. P. Q. Karkeek, Miss Helen Saunders,
and Mrs. J. Rose Troup— for the purpose of noting and
recording the existing use of any Verbal Provincialisms
in Devonshire, in either written or spoken language, not
included in the lists published in the Transactions of the
Association.
Edited by F. T. Elworthy, f.s.a.
(Raul «t Bideford, July, 1902.)
A new and interesting feature in the record of verbal
provincialisms will be found in this nineteenth issue, that
may almost be called breaking new ground ; if followed up
it will certainly give new life, and add much value to the
Reports of this Committee.
Once more we are indebted to our ever-green and energetic
worker Dr. Brushfield, for opening up the great store of old,
obsolete, and obsolescent words belonging to Devonshire, to
be found in the domestic documents of past centuries. These
will be found full of rich materials of the very highest
interest on the lines laid down for the conservancy of
provincialisms. "The Diary of an Exeter Citizen," on which
last year so valuable a paper was read by Dr. Brushfield,
is a perfect mine of local words and expressions, many of
them bearing witness to matters of history as well as to
trade relations with foreign countries, and many more whose
meaning we are unable at present to do more than guess at.
These latter are for the most part technical trade names of
various fabrics and materials, of trade operations no longer
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ON DEVONSHIRE VERBAL PROVINCIALISMS. 91
in use, or only now known by other names. Some of these
can be identified, some of them have been explained in the
paper referred to, and in that case do not here appear ; but
there are many for which the assistance of more expert
knowledge and further information is desirable. These are
inserted in the Eeport without comment, in the hope that
they may attract the special attention of those who have
had experience of bygone trades, and especially of bygone
spelling.
CONTRIBUTIONS.
The full address of each contributor is given below,
corresponding to his or her initials at the end of each
provincialism, and it must be fully understood that responsi-
bility only extends to statements preceding the initials; all
subsequent remarks are simply editorial.
CONTRIBUTORS.
T. N. B. = Dr. Brushfield, Budleigh Salterton.
F. T. E. - F. T. Elworthy, Wellington, Somerset.
D. 0. R = D. 0. Evans, Ashburton.
A. B. H. = A. R. Hunt, Southwood, Torquay.
J. S. N. = J. S. Neck, MoretonhampsteacL
H. S. = Miss H. Saunders, Southmolton.
A. T. T. = A. T. Taylor, (?) Ashburton.
F. B. T. «= Mrs. F. B. Troup, Offwell House, Honiton.
"Arrast. 'For dying a §§§ Sarge for mr Chapman,
black, being woaded & arrast.' Dev. Assoc. Eep.9 xxxiii. p. 192.
T. N. B."
Finished like Arras, a cloth originally made at Arras in
Artois. The name subsequently was applied to any kind of
tapestry or hangings. TJie §§ §§ §§ was the trade mark
for the special quality of serges.
M Bandpot, Bandstockes, Bandsteele.
'1636. Julie 7. More I paid his wife [the
pewterer's wife] for a Bandpot . . 5. -
Aug. 23. Paid Wills ye Plumer for a
ledd to set vpon Bandstockes weighing
12" . . . 2. -.
1638. Dec 3. Paid mr Hoppin for a large
Bandsteele ij8, & for an iron for a
Boxe-Bandsteele 2U £ £, viij8. Is . . 2. 8/
Citizen's Diary,' Dev. Assoc. Bep.9 xxxiii. p. 249. T. N. B."
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92 NINETEENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
" Bed = a particular cut of mutton. The cook, a native of
Crediton, age about thirty, referred to a 'bed of mutton,'
which she afterwards explained to be the forequarter without
the shoulder. Halliwell gives 'bed', as describing a some-
what similar cut of beef in the East— August, 1900. F. B. T."
This part is more often called in the West " the scuffin "
of mutton or lamb, sometimes " the breast/' Of beef it is
always " the brisket."
" A Bolt of Thrid. Would this mean a roll of thread of
definite length ? It is implied in H. E. D. ' Citizen's Diary/
Dev. Assoc, Rep., xxxiii. p. 194. T. N. B."
This word seems always to have been somewhat technical
— we still call a whole piece of canvas a bolt. The cost
given in these Exeter entries, of 32s. to 37s. 6d. per bolt,
shows that the quantity was large and probably charged by
weight, or perhaps of so many hanks or skeins. We are
not told whether the " thrid " was of wool or flax ; it is to be
presumed of flax, and hence the term " bolt " may have been
the trade term for a certain weight of linen yarn. If of
wool it would have been called yarn simply, and instead of
"bolt" "pad" would have been used. See W. S. W. B.,
s.v. Pad.
" Boote-hose, Stirrup-hose. ' Stockings to weare vnder
bootes/ What is the difference ? Were the first worn over
the boots, and the second short ones over the ankles and
back part of the boots ? Dev. Assoc. Rep., p. 242. T. N. B."
There is no doubt but that boot-hose meant riding breeches.
"In the sixteenth century the term hose was used to
denote the entire nether garment, comprising the upper
stocks, or breeches, and the nether stocks of hosen, or
stockings." — Way, Promp. Parv., p. 248 n.
Cotgrave (Sherwood, 1660) has*" A Hosier — Aujourd'hui
(d Londres) on apelle ainsi les gens de boutique qui vendent des
habits (d'hommes) torn f aits"
Stirrup-hose would be longer than ordinary stockings, or
nether stocks. They would reach up to the middle of the
thighs, and so would be worn with or without boots.
" Broods = young shoots from a decayed tree-trunk. A
labourer, native of Offwell, age about twenty-three, was
pointing out timber suitable for cutting. 'They be naught
but broods/ he said, indicating some young saplings that had
sprung up from the trunk of a tree which had been cut
down some time previously. — March, 1899. F. B. T."
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ON DEVONSHIRE VERBAL PROVINCIALISMS. 93
" Byll. ' A Table to Byll clothes/ On which to make an
inventory? ' Citizen's Diary.' T. N. B."
Certainly not. Byll is possibly burl or birl. If so, the
table would have a sloping top, on which the " clothes," or
"pieces of cloth," would be looked over and the "ailes"
picked out with a burling iron, which is a strong pair of
tweezers. This implement is very like a bird's bill, and
may well have been called a " Byll." In a place like Exeter,
where there were many clothiers, the goods would be sent
out for servants or others to do this part of the finishing at
home in spare moments; hence a burling board or table
would naturally find a place in a citizen's house, though he
were not by trade a clothier.
" Carapoose. ' Carapoose cloth.' Dev. Assoc. Rep., xxxiii.
p. 246. T.N. B."
"Carrick or Cheny. 'A parcell of Carrick, or Cheny.
viz. a basin & ewre,' etc. It appears to me to be intended
for a kind of stone-ware, and if so, its derivation from
A.-S. carr, a rock, is probable. The Diary also mentions
a 8taff-carrick on two occasions, which evidently refers to
a kind of hockey-stick. Dev. Assoc. Hep., xxxiii. p. 237.
T. N. B."
This means foreign crockery from Carrack, the regular
name in the seventeenth century for a Portuguese mer-
chantman or ship of burden, in which all goods from
China and the East were brought. Hence the above ex-
plains itself — "Carrick" and "Cheny" being synonymous
terms.
Staff-carrick, or carrick-stick, is something else, but not a
hockey-stick ; most likely a " garrotte-staff," a packing-stick,
by which the rope of the bale was made tight, a very prob-
able instrument in such a tradesman's house. From Old
French.
"Garrot. The cudgel wherewith a carrier, etc., winds up,
and strains hard, the cord he binds his pack withal.
"Garrotd. Strained or wownd up, as a pack-cord, with
a cudffel."—Cotgra,\e.
" Chamlet. € Black Chamlet' ; ' my wifes waterd Chainlet.'
Dev. Assoc. Rep., xxxiii. p. 241. T. N. B."
A close kind of waterproof cloth much in use up to the
arrival of Macintosh, and long within living memory.
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94 NINETEENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
Cotgrave has— "Camelot** chamlet, also Lisle Grogeram.
Catuelot k oxides = water chamlet.
Gamelot plenier = unwater chamlet.
Camelot^*3 waved like water chamlet!9
See H. E. D., s.v. Camlet ; also W. S. W. B.
" Clean-legged = branches without leaves. 'That stuff
he's cut be too clean-legged for thatching. Even if you did
use it it would not be leavy long.' Labourer, of Offwell,
age about twenty-three. He meant that the rhododendrons
cut for thatching had not enough leaves for the purpose;
they were too ' clean-limbed.1— July, 1899. F. B. T."
" Clumming = scratching. Widecombe. — June, 1902.
D. 0. E."
A rake is called a dumb. See 13th Report. Hence to
scratch with a rake may well be clumming.
" Coast. 'A coast of Best beere.' ' Citizen's Diary/ Dev.
Assoc. Rep.t xxxiiL p. 220. T. N. B."
There are many entries of coast, apparently as a measure,
and the editor says (p. 221), "The measure termed a 'coast '
was certainly a quarter of a barrel"; and again, "It is
evidently synonymous with 'firkin.'" Without presuming to
challenge so careful an editor's high authority, especially as
the "frequently repeated" entries are not available, yet in
connection with ale and beer in Charles II.'s time, it is well
to see if another explanation of the word is possible, even
if at last we have to admit that in Exeter it had got to
mean a certain quantity.
First we find the word "coast" in connection with six
different qualities of drink, and it is suggested that the word
may originally have related to one of the ingredients; for
we read in Gerard's Herbal (p. 649), who wrote about this
time, a good deal about ale-coast, or costmarie, " that it is
put into ale to steepe."
Cotgrave again has, " Cost. m. du cost — Costmary, Balsa-
mine, Alecoast."
Prior says, "The plant costus (Tanacetum Balsamita) was
so called from its having formerly been esteemed an aromatic
bitter, and much cultivated in this country for flavouring ale."
Having then coast, or alecoast, which appears to have been
much used in brewing beer, it is not a very wild suggestion
that in certain places they may first have got to call the
liquor coast-ale and afterwards simply coast, just as many
decoctions are now called "tea." Further use may have
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ON DEVONSHIRE VERBAL PROVINCIALISMS. 95
established certain recognised proportions of the ingredient
for a specific quantity of drink, until the term came at last
to signify a measure in which so much "coast" was the
proper amount, that is, perhaps, so much per nine gallons,
and hence that measure would become a " coast/'
" Cordeuant. ' For a paire of Cordeuant [? gloves] for
olde mr Henly, 28 8d/ 'Citizen's Diary/ Dev. Assoc. Sep.,
xxxiii pp. 204, 210. T. N. B."
In the Middle Ages the finest leather was prepared by
the Moors of Spain, and came from Cordova; hence best
leather was known as cordovan or cordwane for a long time,
whence the trade " cordwainer/' still so called by many
country shoemakers, though H. E. D., q.v., says it is obso-
lete. (Cf. damask, arras, etc.)
" His heer, his herd, was lik safroun,
That to his girdil ravght cukmn;
His schoon of cordewane"
Chaucer, Tale of Sir Thopas, 1. 19.
" Cordwane, ledyr (cordwale lethir) valuta.
Gordw&ner =alutarius." — 1440. Promp. Parv.
" Cord way ner = corduanier.
Cord wayner's threde =» chief gros.
Cordwayne lether =* corduain"
c. 1516. Palsgrave's Esclaircissement.
We see by this that the term was not merely English,
but European, and we read in older French of thirteenth
century —
"Nuz cordouaniers ne puet ne doit mettre bazane avecques
cordouan en nvle <zvre qu'U face" — Littr&
See also H. E. D.
11 Cough-drop - lozenge, hard lump, a caution, Wool-sorter
of a bad sample of wool. A factory girl, Ashburton. —
June, 1902. D. 0. E."
"Crime. 'Please not crime 'em too much' = dirty them,
squeeze or crumple. A country woman, Ashburton. — June,
1902. D. O. E."
There is no implication of soiling, but merely of pressure,
in this word. Compare Cream, 11th Report.
"Dabbered = withered, faded, bruised. 'All our roses be
dabbered now in the wet weather/ A workman's girl,
Ashburton.— June, 1902. D. O. E."
Same as Davered. See 11th and 12th Reports.
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96 NINETEENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
" Dimpsey = impudence. ' His dimpsey to come here/ A
Dartmoor woman.— June, 1902. D. 0. E."
"'Efram quart, 2/8, £ pint 1/6/ etc. 'Citizen's Diary.'
T. N. B."
Efram must surely refer to the pottery where the quart
measure was made.
" Estuys. ' For a french Estuys grauen, wc I Set [delivered]
him this dav, cost 4M 10V ' Citizen's Diary/ Dev. Assoc. Hep.,
xxxiii. p. 195. T. N. B."
Cotgrave has — "Estuy: m. A sheath, case or box to put
things in ; and (more particularly) a case of tittle instruments^
or sizzars, bodkin, penknife, &c, now commonly tearmed, an
Etwee!1 Still known as etwee.
" Fardle. ' Entring 2 ffardles & £ fro Morlaix/ ' Citizen's
Diary/ Dev. Assoc. Bep., xxxiii. p. 194. T. N. B."
This old French word, which may well be called good old
English, is becoming rare, if not obsolete in literature,
though in our West-country folk-speech it survives in
the common phrase, "Bun'ld 'em out pack and fardel,"
where the polite journalist would write " bag and baggage."
Cotgrave's definition, "Fardeau = a fardle, truss, pack,
bundle," is more contemporary with our quotation than
H. E. D., " A bundle, a little pack, a parcel " ; but there is
a difficulty in the "entring of \ a fardle." We must conclude
the term " fardle " to mean something more than " a truss " ;
it must have denoted "a bale," and the half to mean a
smaller package ,or " truss." These technical distinctions
are of great interest and of much value.
" Fouse = to make shabby (pronounced like mouse). An
elderly person said to another who was wearing a good
mantle, ' You will soon fouse out that mantle, if you wear
it so often.'— November, 1901. H. S."
This really means make shabby with dust. Fouse is here
used for foust, which naturally drops the final t when
followed by a vowel. Compare Fowsty in W. S. W. B.
"Geit = habit. 'Why do you sigh? Oh, an old geit.9
Ashburton woman. — June, 1902. D. 0. E."
This is English gait.
" Kittermister. ' 13 yards greene & yellow Kittermister/
This could not have been cloth, and as carpet manufacture
was not introduced into Kidderminster until 1735, I think
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ON DEVONSHIRE VERBAL PROVINCIALISMS. 97
the material must have been intended for curtains, and was
probably of serge. Dev. Assoc, Bep.y xxxiii. p. 246. T. N. B."
" Larraes. ' 1/- paid for carriage of 14 Larraes,' also paid
' for ripping them/ Does your ' larra' in W. S. W. B. quite
include this ? ' Citizen's Diary.' T. N. B."
Eails are usually called larras. See W. S. W. B.
" A lattin breadr. Latten of course, but what about the
other word in list of small ironmongery ? ' Lattin tunner,'
for funnel is also included. Battstocks, in a miscellaneous
list. ' Citizen's Diary.' T. N. B."
" Leery = empty, unloaded, not working. A man driving
a reaping machine said, 'Throw back those bundles, Jack,
they're in my way for next turn ; I shall come round leery.
—August 14th, 1900. J. S. N."
The sense here is scarcely empty or unloaded, but rather
out of gear, i.e. not requiring the horse power needed for
reaping. The word is too expressive to be omitted, and
implies a difference in usage as compared with previous
expressions. See 11th, 16th, and 18th Reports.
" Lent = loan. 'Paid mr Quash yto day, for lent of his
horse.' Dev. Assoc. Sep., xxxiii p. 202. T. N. B."
This is a regular West-country idiom. See W. S. W. B.
"Maskells = caterpillars. A small farmer said, in the
parish of Chagford, 'Look there how thick the maskells
be in my cabbages.'— August 28th, 1900. J. S. N."
In Somerset these are called MawUsm'awls, evidently the
same word, though differently pronounced. See W. S. W. B.
*'M0PPER = a bandage for the face. A native of Torring-
ton having an inflamed eye, which was bandaged, said to
me, ' I can't see without moving the mopper.' When I was
visiting a friend in London her maid went to see an old
fellow-servant, a Devonian, who had been suffering from a
swelling in her face, which had disappeared. She said, ' The
mopper cured it.' The London maid did not know what
she meant— June, 1902. H. S."
" Nautical = naugh ty , ribald. An old farm-labourer, native
of Culmstock, speaking of some factory girls who had not
the best of characters, said, ' But they don't zing no nautical
zongs in their work, 'tis mostly hymns like. — September,
1900. F. T. E."
VOL. XXXIV. G
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98 JTCNETEENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
" Oven-stopper. In furniture list. 'Citizen's Diary.'
TJ.B,"
This is a well-known article. A sheet of stout iron, arch-
shaped, of a size to cover the mouth of the oven. It always
has two iron handles riveted on, by which it is lifted and
fixed in position when the baking is going on.
" Pakes = dirt Pellum = dust. Ashburton labourer said,
'Pokes was in the wate (wheat), pellum in the barley.'
—June, 1902. D. 0. E."
" Pomet lace. ' Greene & redd pomet lace worth about
108.' 'Citizen's Diary/ Devon. Assoc. Rep., xxxiii. p. 200.
T. N. B."
This most probably means made with knots or fringe.
" Pommette — Petits ncsuds de fil /aits d des poignets de
chemises, de manchettes." — Littr&
" Pountifeb. 12 yards. Devon. Assoc. Rep., xxxiii., p. 246.
T. N. B."
" Proverb. Sign of a severe winter ' when the hay runs
after the horse.'— June, 1902. J. S. N."
" Proverb.
' Wash on a New Year's Day
"Wash one of your friends away/ J. S. N.M
" Quail = give up, become scorched. A young man,
about twenty, a native of Bridford, Devon, when asked
about some mown grass being fit to save, replied, ' This
weather will soon quail it up/— July, 1900. A. F. T."
In Somerset the word is quill. See W. S. W. £., p. 605.
" Quarter of Coal. • For the abouesaid Quarter of Sea-
coale.' 'Citizen's Diary/ Dev. Assoc. Rep., xxxiiL p. 226.
T.N. B."
From the several entries it is evident that a quarter of
coal was eight bags, just as a quarter of wheat was eight
bushels, but it does not appear how much each bag held.
Judging from the price paid, one would suppose a quarter
to be about 16 cwt. Among the poor at present "a quarter
o' coal " means only 28 lbs.
" Runner. ' Writings in y6 Eunner, in mr Sanders parlor/
' Citizen's Diary/ T. N. B/'
Probably the sliding sash ?
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ON DEVONSHIRE VERBAL PROVINCIALISMS. 99
"Sandyman in Eyes -sleepy. Woman said of a sleepy
child, • Got the sandyman in his eyes.' D. 0. E."
"Mr. Sandyman has come" is a very common saying
to a sleepy child.
" Sanguelling. 'Paid for sanguelling 2 pair of spurs.'
What is ' sanguelling ' ? ' Citizen's Diary/ Dev. Assoc. Rep.,
xxxiii. p. 215. T. N. B."
This must mean " furnishing with straps," from " Sangle =
Bande de cuir : La sangle cFune selle qm passe sous le ventre
du selle!9 — littr&
It is evident that the "sanguelling" was something in
addition to the spurs, and sixpence per pair was the price
paid. "Sanguilld spurres" were complete with straps,
whereas the spurrier sold new ones without, and another
man did the " sangling."
" Scrapping = fighting, rough play. A small innkeeper
said, 'There was only a little scrapping going on/ —
April 23rd, 190L J. S. N."
" ' Scriptoire/ I take to mean a large writing-desk, often
a fixture, and as opposed to the ordinary small kind.
Singularly enough, I cannot find it in any dictionary.
Hayne alludes to his 'Scriptoire (besides what all ye iron
worke cost me)/ Latham has 'Scriptory/ but as 'Scrip-
toire ' it is absent. Dev. Assoc. Rep., xxxiii. p. 247. T. N. B."
This is a mere contraction of escriptoire as it was in the
sixteenth century, but now worn down to tcritoire in modern
French. " Froissart wrote, Encre et papier et escriptoire." —
Littr&
The article referred to was probably that common still
in old houses, with drawers and a sloping lap which opens
outwards to form a writing-table, and now always called
a bewrow (bureau).
"Seller. 'A little gilded Seller w* 4 little bottles for
strong waters/ 'Citizen's Diary/ Dev. Assoc. Rep., xxxiii
p. 222. T.N. B."
This is no doubt cellar, a sinall case or box mounted with
gilt Compare salt-cellar, spelt salt-seller. lb. 233.
According to H. E. D.t cellar was originally a name for a
case to hold bottles of liquor. Hence we get the modern
cellarette.
" Keep. Run for the cellar of strong waters quickly."
Ben Jonson, Magnetick Lady, act iii. scene 1.
o 2
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100 .NINETEENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
"SHUTE-TROUGH = 8ink (shute to rhyme with foot, and
trough with raw). Charwoman, native of Offwell, age about
forty, said, * Shall I scrubby out the shute-trough ? ' She
referred to the scullery sink.— October, 1900. F. B. T."
' "Sifers. '3 yards J black Sifers for my Nurse & 2
servants to weare about their necks/ 'Citizen's Diary,'
Devon. Assoc. Sep., xxxiii. p. 208. T. N. B."
This was probably a mourning material, possibly crape,
then called crespe. "Sifers" is clearly synonymous with
modern "weepers," only substituting "sigh" for "weep."
The former is always even now pronounced " sife." " Poor
blid, how her did sify to be sure, hon her yeard o' it."
"As Jan zed this, ha haiv'd a sife,
That zim'd to dra out half es life."
Nathan Hogg's Letters, p. 70.
Another and more likely explanation of sifers in the
" Citizen's Diary " is that it may mean : —
Cyprus (silk or lawn), spelt Cypres, Sipers, Sypars, Sypres,
etc., a cloth, also called " Satin of Cypres."
" Cypres for a woman's necke — crespe." See above.
Palsgrave's EsclaircissemenL
. "July an Butler, the wife of Thomas B., a gowne of grayu
clothe lynyd with satyn of sypars." — Well's Wills: Will of
Cecylie Bedford, 1533.
"A kerchief of sypers to make a corpas." — Churchwardens'
Accounts, Croscombe, Som. Rec. Soc., p. 6.
" Autolycus. Lawn, as white as driven snow ;
Cyprus black as e'er was crow."
Shakespeare, Winter's Tale, act iv. scene 3.
" Clown. Come away, come away, death,
And in sad cypress let me be laid."
lb. Twelfth Night, act ii. scene 4
"Slews. A few days ago I found my farm man con-
templating a cow with much dissatisfaction, and on asking
what was the matter, he said she had 'knocked off the
slews of her horns,' pronounced sloos. This seems an old
Dutch word, but the corresponding English slough is pro-
nounced stuff.— October, 1900. A. R H."
Provincial pronunciation of words spelt with ough is
vastly different from literary. Comp. thof for though (see
Viggin'), trau or trow for trough. Slough, a farm in North
Devon, is always called Slew.
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ON DEVONSHIRE VERBAL PROVINCIALISMS. 10-
" Snite. ' A snite bill to parlor dore/ ' Citizen's Diary.'
T. N. B."
A catch driven into the durn.
" Sproil = energy, activity. 'Heat takes the sproil out of
you.' A farmer at Ashburton.— June, 1902. D. 0. E."
A very expressive word. See Sprawl, W. S. W. B.
"Sproil. A coachbuilder of Payhembury, about forty,
offered a quiet pony for sale which had been ridden by his
son of nine years, and to indicate that it did not require
much strength to hold him in he added, * As you know, he's
only a child, and hadn't any sproil/ at the same time making
a gesture as if pulling on a pair of reins. The other Devon
/servants tell me this is a common phrase : ' Thejre, I feel as
if I hadn't any sproil/ indicating physical exhaustion. This
seems to be a different sense from Halliwell's meaning,
'liveliness/— November, 1900. F. B. T."
The word means energy, activity, agility.
" Standard, 'ffor a Butter-Standerd fro Crewkherne 4. 6/
1 Citizen's Diary/ Dev. Assoc. Rep., xxxiii p. 217. T. N. B."
This word is still in occasional use. It is now more com-
monly called a pot. It is a large, glazed, tall earthenware jar ;
the one here mentioned weighed with the cover 18 lbs.,
and held 60 lbs. of butter. Butter-standards are still made
at Crock Street, near Crewkerne, for "salting in" butter,
and their contents in the winter is known by housewives
as " pot-butter."
" Store = dust, smeech. At Culmstock there is a barn
opening on to the public road Winnowing was going on
when a passer-by having to pass through the cloud of dust
remarked, 'Well, then, you be making up a store, sure
'nough; anybody can't hardly go 'long.' — December, 1901."
F. T. E."
"Strapper. In a letter received by my husband, No-
vember, 1900, from a middle-aged Exeter man, in a small
way of business, he apologised that a servant had said he
was not in, and added, 'The person who opened the door
was a mere strapper/ Possibly, he meant under-strapper.
She was, as a matter of fact, a charwoman, who was
ignorant of his movements.— June, 1901. F. B. T."
An extra hand, a servant or labourer under temporary
employment, is always called a strapper. See W. S. W. £.
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102 NINETEENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
"Tamiletta, Tercenella. 'Paid Sam: Beard for a
Gowne of Tamiletta for my Wife, & exchanging an other
of taffeta for tercenella/ I fancy ail three were of silk.
Bev. Assoc. Sep., xxxiii. p. 241. T. N. B."
" Tear = to break. 'For 3 foote of new Glasse in ye
Chancell being lately torn wth ye winde.' Bev. Assoc. Rep.,
xxxiii p. 263. T.N.B."
In the West we always "tear our winders" and "break
our clothes." See W. S. W. £., p. 739.
"Tillet. 'For 4 tillets black buckrom"; "for painting
20 flower-pot tillets.' ' Citizen's Diary,' Bev. Assoc. Rep., of
xxxiii. p. 193. T. K B."
"Tuttes. 'For one greate matte and 4 tuttes.' Bev.
Assoc. Rep.t xxxiii. 255. T. N. B."
Kneelers or hassocks in church are still called tuttes
or tits.
" Viggin' = scratching. One maid, native of Sampford
Courtenay, age about twenty-five, said jocularly of another
who was sweeping the room overhead, ' There's that old hen
a'viggin' round again.' On inquiry I was told that this word
was used to describe the action of a hen engaged in scratch-
ing up the soil, especially when dusting herself. Halliwell
gives 'Vig = to rub gently,' and 'Fig=to fidget about,' but
neither seems to convey the meaning here intended. — April,
1900. F.B.T."
This is a very old English word, originally fike, whence
fidget, etc. = to move restlessly about.
uAls som vmmmon makei feir sembUmnt and fykeft mid te
heaued and stingeS. mid te teile." Ancren Riwle (thirteenth
century), p. 206.
"Fykyn abowte: Fykynge a-bowte in ydylnes." "Dis-
cursus," Promp. Paw., 1440 A.D.
Many quotations might be given, but one more must not
be omitted.
" But thof ha ded viggee, and potee, and towsee, and tervee,
and loustree, and spudlee, . . . and rattled, and teared, vig,
vig, vig, vig, . . , tha tokst en, and dest wetherly host tha neck
o'en" "Exmoor Scolding," 1. 215.
"Weeken-day = week-day. A servant girl, aged about
seventeen, native of Mariansleigh, has told me that her
sister is to be married on a weeken-day and not on Sunday.
—March, 1902. H. S."
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ON DEVONSHIRE VERBAL PROVINCIALISMS. 103
This en is the old adjectival inflection like wooden, etc.,
and shows the survival of an ancient form. It is much
better than the modern, though expressive, "Zundays and
wicked days."
"While yet," phrase. ' Tid'n worth a-wile e^'-'Tisn't
worth your while yet Said by a country boy at Ash-
burton.— June, 1902. D. 0. E."
"Whittle. 'The whittle, an article of dress said to be
peculiar to Devonshire.' Lev. Assoc. Bep., xxxiii p. 243.
T. N. B."
This is still the regular name in Somerset for the long
flannel petticoat worn by babies until shortened
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW
COMMITTEE.
Twenty - first Report of the Committee, consisting of Mr
P. F. S. Amery, Rev. S. Baring-Goidd, Dr. Brushfield,
Mr. R Burnard, Mr. Cecil M. Firth, Mr. J. Brooking-
Rowe, and Mr. JR. Hansford Worth, appointed to collect
and record facts relating to Barrows in Devonshire, and
to take steps, where possible, for their investigation.
Edited by R. H. Worth, Hon. Secretary.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
First appointed in the year 1878, your Committee has
within the past twenty -three years presented twenty
Reports.
The present Report, being the twenty-first, and marking
in some sort a definite stage in the Committee's work, has
been devoted to a review of the facts collected in the
previous twenty-three years.
Errors of reference — and it can scarcely be hoped that
all such have been avoided — must be set to the account of
the Hon. Secretary, who has had neither time nor oppor-
tunity to place the manuscript before his colleagues in a
condition in which their aid could be obtained in checking
and revising the details.
The following have been members of the Committee, the
names of those deceased being printed in italics : — P. F. S.
Amery, 1883 to present date ; Rev. S. Baring-Gould, 1896
to present date; C Spence Bate, 1878-83; Dr. Brushfield,
1890 to present date; R Burnard, 1895 to present date;
0. Doe, 1878-91 ; Cecil M. Firth, 1897 to present date ;
P. 0. Hutchinson, 1878-91 ; B. J. King, 1878 ; E. Parfitt,
1878-93 ; W. Pengdly, 1879-80 ; J. Brooking-Rowe, 1878
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 105
to present date ; R K Worth, 1878-96 ; R. H. Worth,
1896 to present date.
Two members only — Mr. C. Spence Bate and Mr. W.
Pengelly — resigned, all other losses having been by death.
Mr. R J. King was appointed to the first Committee, but
died before a Report had been prepared, and his name does
not appear except in the minute of his appointment.
Members of the Association other than Committeemen
have from time to time contributed information to the
Reports. Prior to the formation of the Committee, and
since that date, occasional papers in the Transactions have
supplemented the contents of the Reports; while of late
years the Dartmoor Exploration Committee has done some
friendly poaching on our preserves.
In all a great deal of work has been done, both in the
collection of references and in the discovery of fact; but
scattered through thirty-three volumes of our Transactions
it has needed the facility of reference derivable from in-
dexing and tabulation.
Toward this the present Report and its appendices will, it
is hoped, prove a useful contribution.
The tables contained in the body of the Report are not in
all instances complete, but the index to localities presented
in the appendices may, it is hoped, be accepted as exhaustive;
with this reservation, that there are many barrows men-
tioned in the Second Report under numerals, the exact
localities of which it would be difficult to describe in index
form. Everyone making a study of the Devonshire barrows
would do well to read Mr. P. 0. Hutchinson's contribution to
the Second Report with great care ; the whole of the barrows
therein mentioned lie within a radius of six miles around
Sidmouth.
THE FORM AND STRUCTURE OF BARROWS.
A barrow is essentially an artificial mound raised on the
site of one or more interments.
Varying with the period and with the race erecting the
barrow, it may in plan be either round, long (i.e. elliptical
or ovoid), or may assume a more complex form, such for
instance as that of a ship.
All known Devonshire barrows are of the round type.1
The diameter at the base of the Devonshire barrows varies
1 The star-shaped and quadrangular barrows, Nos. 18 and 19 of Second
Report, owe their fonn to later interference.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
106 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
from 9 or 10 feet to 120 feet and over; the present
height above the surrounding ground varies from a barely
perceptible mound to a heap 12 feet high, and possibly
more.
Although very small barrows frequently prove disap-
pointing on excavation, it must not be thought that the
probable yield of any can be estimated pro rata to the size.
The mounds are made in various ways and of varying
materials. Where stone of convenient size was readily obtain-
able the barrow usually became a cairn formed of stone only;
where stone was practically absent earth and soil were used ;
where stone was sparingly obtainable the centre of the
barrow is frequently a small cairn, and this is covered with
soil to a greater or less depth.
Cairns.
These are more usually found in the Dartmoor area,
although by no means infrequent elsewhere. Off Dartmoor
barrows constructed wholly of stone are usually of small
size.
A complete list of the known cairns would be much too
long for insertion here. On Dartmoor Drizzleconzbe, Pen
Beacon, and Three Barrow Tor yield excellent examples of
the larger size ; while small examples will be found men-
tioned in the Reports as occurring at Cosdon, Roddick Jffll,
Shaugh Lake, and elsewhere. Off the Dartmoor area it may
suffice to mention the small cairns on and near Broad Down,
Honiton, barrows 1 and 2 (mentioned in the Eighteenth
Report) being examples. Instances occur, as at Femworthy,
on Dartmoor, where top soil or " meat earth " was removed
over the area to be occupied by the cairn, and the stones rest
on the subsoil or " calm."
Earth Barrows.
Earth barrows are numerous; the following examples
will probably suffice: Broad Down, Honiton (barrow 3 in
Eighteenth Report, the "speculum," No. 7%, of the Second
Report), HalwUl, Ring in the Mire, Cheat Torrington.
Of these instances Broad Down and Ring in the Mire are
somewhat instructive. In each instance the section of the
barrow presented an appearance of irregular stratification,
black and grey, approximately horizontal, broken bands
alternating. Examination showed that each pair of black
and grey stripes represented a clod cut from the surface of
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Digitized by
Google
PLATE
«. 9o-o
BROAD DOWN N» 60
s;^SE^^
120-0
BROAD DOWN. NO 61 .
<. 70'-0" -»
BROAD DOWN . N3 57.
<_ 60-0" >
CITTISHAM HILL . NC27.
<. ^0-0 ->
CITTISHAM HILL. N028.
VERTICAL SCALE TH/f/CE HOJP/ZOA/TAL .
Report of Barrow Committee.— To face p. 107.
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TWENTY-F1KST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 107
the adjacent moor, the black portion being the thin peat soil
and the grey the immediate subsoil. These are not isolated
cases.
Earth Barrows with Central Cairns or with
Domed Layer of Stones.
Composite barrows, partly of earth and partly of stone,
the materials separate, are numerous. Earth appears to
have been considered a less desirable material than stone
for the construction of a barrow; and where stone was
not present in sufficient quantity to provide a considerable
mound, the core of the barrow immediately over the inter-
ment was frequently formed of this material and earth
heaped on outside and over to increase the size of the
erection. Nos. 60 and 61, of which sections are given in
the Second Barrow Report and here reproduced (Plate I.),
are excellent examples of this structure. No. 67 of the
same Report affords a variety, in which a ring of large
stones surrounds the central cairn, and together with it is
hidden by the earth mound.
Hamddon provides an example of a small central cairn
in an earth barrow, and in this instance the margin of the
barrow is built in stone also. A section of this barrow,
drawn by the late Mr. Spence Bate, is reproduced here
(Plate L).
There is yet another variant in which a mound of earth
is first raised and covered with a more or less thick layer of
stone, upon which in turn is heaped yet more earth. No. 27
of the Second Report will serve as an example, and No. 28
bears the same relation to this structure that No. 57 does
to Nos. 60 and 61. These sections also are reproduced in
the accompanying plate.
A few instances of barrows with central cairns of
various types are given below: —
Barrows with Central Cairns.
Broad Down, near Honiton; rude domed chamber,
paved.
Broad Down, near Honiton.
Gittisham Hill, No. 25.
Huntshaw and Great Torrington.
Hurston Ridge, leaning stone protecting inverted urn.
Hemstone Ridge ; pit under cairn surrounded by circle
of small stones 3 feet in diameter.
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108 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Hamuieldon Down, " Two Barrows."
Huntshaw ; two barrows.
Lovehayne Farm.
'• Single Barrow," Hammeldon Down.
White Down, Lydford ; a rude domed kist covering pit
in calm.
And others.
Paving.
A rudely paved area is frequently found under barrows
and cairns. The pavement usually consists of selected flat
stones, or stones as flat as the neighbourhood will provide.
It may be that in some cases, as for instance at Burrow
Park Tolly, Halurill, this paving has served purpose as a
hearth ; in other cases, as for instance Two Barrows, Hamel-
don, the paving is connected with, and an apparent exten-
sion of, the cover-stone over an interment. See under.
Paved circles adjoining kistvaens, and giving evidence
of having served as hearths for considerable fires, have been
found at Deadman's Bottom, Langcombe, no barrows having
been erected over the circles.
Ring Cairns.
Rings formed of stones of the size usually used in the
construction of cairns are sometimes found. The stones
are thrown together with no attempt at walling, and
excavation has proved that we are not dealing with
rough hut-circles. These ring cairns are puzzling; the
history of one, situate at the higher point of Wigfoi-d Down,
is known. Here the ring is the margin of a large cairn
which has otherwise been completely removed for road
mending and hedging, having for years been utilised as a
convenient quarry. The same explanation may apply to
some other instances, but very doubtfully to all.
The Interment.
Some barrows, especially among the smaller examples,
appear to have been erected immediately over the site of
the cremation without any effort having been made to
localise the interment.
In others the ashes, or a portion of the ashes, were
gathered into a small pit sunk in the subsoil and sometimes
covered with a selected stone; or the ashes were placed
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TWENTY-FIRST RBPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 109
in an urn which again had the protection of a kistvaen
or built chamber of some sort.
The ashes in these urns are at times devoid of any
assured traces of burnt bone, and appear to be merely a few
handfuls gathered haphazard from the burnt-out fire after
a cremation; perhaps in cases where the body had been
very thoroughly consumed.
Interment Pit3 in Subsoil.
Interment pits containing ashes are rarely of any con-
siderable size. A cairn explored by Mr. Burnard, situate
in Stannon Bottom, Dartmoor, and reported in the Fifteenth
Barrow Eeport, yielded an urn-shaped pit, 18 inches wide
at the mouth, swelling to 20 inches at the broadest part,
and 15 inches deep. The illustrations below show the
shape of this pit and its relation to the cairn.
Pit in "calm" under Cairn, Stannon Bottom.
Section of Cairn, Stannon Bottom.
A cairn near Hemstone Bocks, opened by the Dartmoor
Exploration Committee, also yielded an urn-shaped pit
12 inches in diameter at the mouth, 17 inches at the widest
part, and 22 inches in depth. This pit had a cover stone.
In a barrow on White Down, Lydford, the pit was paved,
and in another barrow on the same down the pit was
covered with a rude domed " kistvaen."
At Burrow Park Tolly, Halwill, was found a pit 4 feet
6 inches long by 3 feet wide and 4 feet deep, filled
with meat earth and calcined animal bones, the word
M animal " being used in contradistinction to " human."
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
110 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Stone cover«r
'WWM
/TLtcXes-
mt
LofCl of calm
^ 14 J^Mmmtftf
I
. fflnx%04
SIZ*
?mz?zz%7mm%yf
Pit under Cairn near Hemstone Rocks.
These pits are also to be found sunk beneath the floors of
genuine kistvaens, as at Great Gnat's Head and Deadman's
Bottom, Plym Valley.
The following is a list of some of the localities from
which pits sunk in the subsoil under barrows and cairns
have been reported : —
Pits sunk in Svbsott.
Archerton Newtake, between Row Tor Marsh Brook
and Cherry Brook ; two cairns.
Archerton Tennis Ground ; kistvaen, cavity lined with
small stones.
Chagford Common ; four small cairns.
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TWENTY-FIBST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. Ill
Constantine Bay, Cornwall ; pit covered by a stone.
Great Gnat's Head, Plym Valley ; kistvaen.
Great Whiten Tor, Postbridge; pit covered by flat
stone.
Grey Wethers, near ; two email barrows.
Halwill, Burrow Park Tolly.
Huntshaw and Great Torrington.
Hurston Eidge.
Hemstone Bock, north of ; three cairns, cover-stone to
one pit.
Langcombe, Deadman's Bottom ; kistvaen.
Lakehead Hill
Langstone Moor.
Pen Beacon ; " cover-stone with hollow space under."
Eewe ?
Stannon Bottom ; pit urn-shaped.
White Down, Lydford ; three barrows ; in one case the
pit was paved, and in another it was covered over
with a rude domed kist of large stones.
Woodburrow, a " pan " with cover-stone.
Wedlake Combe and Walkham Valley, between.
Whittor, east of, near Langstone Mfinhir, 8.
And others.
Kistvaens.
There is sufficient evidence that all known Devonshire
kistvaens were originally covered by barrows, although some
now stand practically free on the surface.2
A kistvaen as a means of localising the interment is a
more elaborate device than a mere pit in the subsoil, with
which, however, it may be found associated.
The term has been and is used somewhat loosely, being
applied to the stone chest of the well-known Dartmoor type,
consisting of four slabs of stone on edge, and forming the
sides, with a fifth slab as the cover stone ; and also used in
connection with small domed chambers built of many stones,
or oblong chambers in which the sides are walls of dry
rubble.
In the Dartmoor type the sides and cover stone are slabs
of granite.
One of the smallest examples, if not the smallest, was
opened by the Dartmoor Exploration Committee on Langstone
9 Some of the walled kistvaens or graves, as for example at Staddon and
Newport Street, SUmekouu, most be excluded from this statement.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
112 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Moor. It measured 1 foot 9 inches by 1 foot 1 inch by
1 foot 2 inches deep, internal dimensions; and the bottom
was paved, which is unusual.
Contrasted with this a kistvaen at Merrivale measures
7 feet in length by 2 feet 9 inches in width at one end and
2 feet in width at the other, the depth being about 3 feet
3 inches. One side of this kist is built of two slabs, probably
in the absence of a single stone of adequate dimensions.
A kistvaen discovered by Mr. R. Burnard at Boundy
Park, Postbridge* competes with the last named in size, being
6 feet 6 inches in length and 3 feet 9 inches in width, inter-
nal measurement. In this case it takes three stones to build
one of the long sides and two the other, both ends being
formed of single slabs (see Plate II.).
Another kistvaen, about midway between Watern Tor
and Hound Tor, mentioned in this year's Dartmoor Explora-
tion Report, is now incomplete, but one side stone remains,
which is 7 feet long, and one end stone, which is 4 feet in
length.
As an example of the Dartmoor type the illustration of a
kistvaen in Langcombe, near Plym, is reproduced from the
Nineteenth Barrow Report (see Plate III.).
On the summit of Great Nodden, near the source of the
River Lyd, is a small grave, first reported by Mr. F. Brent in
the Thirteenth Report. The local stone is slate, and this has
been utilised to build a small walled kist, " wedge-shaped in
form, the broad end semicircular, and the sides somewhat
elliptical, fining off into almost a point." "The sides are
built of pieces of slaty stone, so arranged that the cleavage
sides of the stone form a fair perpendicular wall all around,
no slabs or large stones being used."
The domed form of kistvaen built in small stones may
best be illustrated by reference to a barrow on Broad Down,
near Honiton, No. 62 of the Second Report. Mr. P. 0. Hut-
chinson's drawings are here reproduced.
A kistvaen found in Stillman Street, Plymouth, was walled
on three sides, the fourth being formed in the " living " rock.
It was covered by two slabs set sloping and meeting at right
angles at the ridge, forming a steep-pitched roof. This is
unique, in Devonshire at least.
It has been said above that the paved floor of the Lang-
stone Moor kistvaer -vas unusual ; on Legis Tor is a kist set
on an earth -fast boulder, which supplies a floor; and from
Stonehouse an instance has been reported of a kist built of
* Dartmoor Pictorial Records, iv. p. 55.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
PLATE II.
lHC/t£SXl 6 O
Inlnlnliil
I
SCALE
KI8TVABN, ROUNDT PARK, POSTBR1DGE.
(After R. Burnabd.)
8 r££ T.
-J
Report op Barrow Committee.— To face j». 112.
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
Digitized by
Google
PLATE III.
LANGCOMBE
A/S/fff /*LVAf
VIEW, LOOKING U Af>P#OX£r.
T^H.WohtH 1900
PLAN
JL
?..f..f..f. ?*«»
SCALE
Report of B arrow Committee.— To face p. 118.
Digitized by VjOOQiC
TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 113
BROAD DOWN . N2 62
■iTT,— iSr^r.""" " " "K-HW^frFOM.
KISTVAEN IN NS 62 .
Section of No. 62t Broad Down. After P. 0. Hutchinson.
Domed kist in No. 62, Broad Down. After P. 0. Hutchinson.
six slabs — two to the sides, two to the ends, one forming the
floor, and one the cover stone. It is usual, however, that the
floor of a kistvaen should be the bare subsoil, the side and
end stones being slightly set in this, the top soil or " meat
earth " surrounding the sides on the outside, the cover stone
above the original surface of the ground, and over all a
barrow or cairn.
Langstone Moor kist when opened was found to have been
refilled after construction with subsoil material containing
small pieces of wood charcoal and a little bone ash. On
Chagford Common a kistvaen was found similarly filled with
subsoil material, in which was imbedded an urn ; on Bad-
dick Hill Mr. Burnard found another infilled kist; and at
Thornworthy a kist was found filled, or almost so, with black
soil. All these were previously undisturbed examples, and
it would appear obvious that some kistvaens at least were
filled in immediately after the interment, and before the
cover stone was put on or the barrow raised. Every un-
disturbed example hitherto found on Dartmoor agrees in
this particular, but four instances are not sufficient for
a generalisation.
vol. xxxiv. h
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114 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
On the other hand, the domed kist at Broad Down, No. 62,
appears to have presented an unfilled cavity when opened,
and there are other similar instances.
The Roddick Hill kistvaen is in some sense a connecting
link between the domed and perpendicular-sided form, for
here the sides were sloped
toward each other and small
stones used to replace the
usual covering slabs.
Double kistvaens are not
unknown, as for example on
Cosdon Beacon, where the
foot stone of one kist is the
head stone of another.
The following list of local-
ities will account for most
of the known kistvaens in
Devonshire, but, long as it is,
it is probably not complete;
all types are included : —
1
I
S
I
^ '. i '•
»v!M-
5jJ
ii '
Kistvaens.
Alvington "West ?
Archerton Tennis
Ground.
Branscombe, Higher
Bulstone; re-
ported.
Bellaford Tor, western
slope.
Bear Down House, near.
Bellaford Newtake.
Blackabrook, south of
Round Hill; 4
Black Newtake, near
Cherry Brook ; 3.
Broad Down, near
Honiton; walled
kistvaens.
Brown Heath, near head
of Erme, and near
Erme Pound.
Chagford.
Challacombe ?
Cosdon, double kist.
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 115
Crow Tor.
Chagford, Thornworthy ; two kistvaens in one barrow.
Chittaford Down, possibly two kistvaens.
Drizzlecombe, Plym Valley ; 2.
Doe Tor.
Fernworthy.
Great Gnat's Head, Plym Valley.
Great Nodden, source of Lyd ; kistvaen walled in slate.
Grim8grove.
Guttor, Plym Valley.
Grimslake, source of.
Haldon, " Great Stone Heap."
Harford, Erme Valley.
Hennock ?
Hentor.
Hessary Tor.
Higher Bulstone, Branscombe ?
Hortonsford Bottom, Erme Valley.
Hound Tor.
Hemstone Bock, north of.
Hessary Tor, possibly a double kist.
Higher "White Tor, Powder Mills.
Huntshaw ; a built chamber paved.
King's Oven.
Lakehead Hill, Postbridge.
Langcombe, Deadman's Bottom ; 2.
Langcombe, near Plym Steps.
Lee Moor, Plym Valley.
Legis Tor, Plym Valley.
Lakehead Hill.
Lakehead Hill, toward Believer.
Langstone Moor ; bottom paved.
Lakehead and Bellaford Newtakes.
Lakehead Hill, eastern side of.
Lakehead Newtake.
Moor Barton, near Moreton.
Merrivale Bridge.
Nun's Cross Farm.
Plymouth, Stillman Street ; walled kist.
Powder Mills.
Princetown and Swincombe, road between.
Eaddick Hill; kistvaen with sloping sides and top
covered with small stones.
Eaddick Hill ; another kistvaen.
Bewe.
H 2
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116 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Round Hill and Blackabrook, near ; 2.
Roundy Park, Postbridge.
Router Brook, near affluence with Cherry Brook.
Royal Hill, one mile S.E. of " Crock of Gold " ; 3.
Royal Hill, near Blackabrook, Princetown.
Shavercombe.
" Sidmouth," No. 25, Rep. II., vol. xii. ; kistvaen of flints.
Stamford Hill, walled graves.
Stanborough.
Stonehouse ; kistvaen with four sides, bottom and cover
stones.
Stonehouse, Newport Street ; fourteen or fifteen walled
graves.
Stalldon Moor.
Shuffledown; 2.
Thorn worthy; 2.
Tunhill Rocks, Blackslade Down, S.E. of.
Tor Royal, Crock of Gold.
Trethill, Sheviock, Cornwall.
Wallabrook, Plym Valley.
Watern Down.
Watern Tor and Hound Tor, midway between.
White Down, Lydford ; a " rude domed kist formed of
large stones " over pit in subsoil.
Wigford Down, Plym Valley.
Whittor, east of, near Langstone Menhir.
Winter Tor.
Stone Circles and Stone Rows.
Barrows and kistvaens are frequently found surrounded
by circles of detached stones. When these circles are of
large diameter the stones are usually set upright ; when on
the other hand the diameter is 20 feet or less, it is more
usual to find the blocks sloping outward from the barrow,
and frequently trigged up on the outside by smaller stones.
Grimsgrove and three barrows at Drizzlecombe afford good
instances of the smaller circles, and the circle on Stalldon
Moor may be taken as an example of the larger.
Double circles surround some barrows, as instance Chitta-
ford Dovm, and Zakehead Hill toward Believer. Stone circles
within barrows, and forming part of their structure, have
already been mentioned.
Barrows have sometimes been surrounded by trenches.
This feature is peculiarly liable to obliteration, and Broad
Down, near Honiton, supplies the most perfect survivals.
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 117
The following short list of barrows surrounded by
stone circles includes a few only of the many known
examples : —
Barrows surrounded by Circles.
Broad Down, near Honiton. No. 68.
Chittaford Down; double circle, possibly two kistvaens ?
Drizzlecombe.
Grimsgrove; kistvaen.
Grimslake, source of.
Harford, Erme Valley ; kistvaen.
Higher White Tor, Powder Mills.
King's Oven.
Langcombe, Deadman's Bottom ; two kistvaens.
Lakehead Hill.
Lakehead Hill, toward Believer; double circle round
kistvaen.
Lakehead Hill, west side of ; circle round kist and circle
round cairn.
Langstone Moor.
Stalldon Moor ?
And many others.
As regarding the association of barrows and stone rows,
it may be broadly stated that while many barrows, in fact
the majority, are devoid of associated rows, no reasonably
perfect stone row can be pointed to that has not its associated
barrows, cairns, or kistvaens.
At places the barrow with its enclosing circle forms the
head of the row, as for example two instances at JDrizzle-
combe and another at Cosdon. At places the barrow inter-
rupts the row, usually occupying a position with its circle at
or near the centre of its length, as at Merrivale ; or a barrow
may merely be adjacent to the row, as in the case of the
long row starting on Stalldon Moor9 in the Erme Valley.4
Again these varied forms of association may be present
together.
Information on this branch of the subject will be found in
the late Mr. R N. Worth's five papers on " The Dartmoor
Stone Kows " (published in previous volumes of these Trans-
actions), and in the Dartmoor Exploration Committee's
Keports.
4 There is also a barrow in the circle at the head of this row, and another
forms the other end of the same.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
118 twenty-fikst report of the barrow committee.
Saucer-shaped Depressions at Tops of Barrows.
It is very commonly found that barrows and cairns exhibit
saucer-shaped depressions at the top.
Polwhele,6 in his History of Devon, refers to "beacons"
on Bratton Down, which take the shape of barrows, " except
that they are not conical ; indeed, they have the cone, as it
were, inverted, and are hollowed out in the middle." He
adds : " "With respect to the use of these hollows there may
be some reason in the conjecture, that, as intelligence was
conveyed from beacon to beacon, during the darkness of the
night, by means of fires, such excavations may have been
formed to prevent the extinction of those fires through
violence of the winds ; since in the hollow the fuel would
be undisturbed, and the flame would ascend above the sum-
mit of the beacon sufficient to answer the purpose."
In point of fact, the barrows to which Polwhele refers
were on hilltops, and so far his suggestion had further
probability; but similar depressions occur in barrows in
sheltered situations, and which would have thus been useless
as beacons.
The whole evidence to the present is that these depres-
sions form no part of the original structure or design, but
are incidental to attempts made to explore the barrows.
The old treasure -hunter appears almost always to have
attacked a barrow at its centre, and frequently having sunk
a pit therein left it unfilled. The resulting depression
became shallower in course of time, but still remains.
The cairn known as Giant's Basin, at Drizzlecombe, probably
derives its name from the form attributed to it in this
manner.
A few instances of this formation must suffice : —
Barrows with Depressions at Top,
Bratton Down.
Cox Tor.
Drizzlecombe.
Exmoor.
Giant's Basin, Drizzlecombe.
Lovehayne Farm.
Pen Beacon.
"WTrittor ; large cairn, two cavities in top.
White Hill, Lydford.
And very many others.
8 Polwhele, Hut. Devon, in note, pp. 143, 144.
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 119
FORMS OF BURIAL: CARNAL INTERMENT AND
CREMATION.
Carnal Interment.
. Practically, carnal interment in a Devonshire barrow id
unknown. So few undisturbed kistvaens have been opened
that doubt on this point is still possible. Not far over the
border between Devon and Cornwall, a kistvaen, at Trethili,
in Sheviock parish, gave undoubted evidence of a contracted
interment. Associated with the skeleton was an urn of
precisely the type which is common in Devonshire barrows.
No tumulus is reported to have existed over this kistvaen.
More recently, at Harlyn Bay, near Padstow, a number of
kists have been found, each occupied by one or more con-
tracted interments. The period appears to have been con-
siderably later than anything represented by our barrows,
and again tumuli are absent
The Harlyn Bay discovery more nearly approaches in
character the finds on Stamford Hill, near Plymouth. Here
small walled graves, with contracted interments, yielded
bronze of late type, iron, glass, and pottery. There were no
barrows over the graves. It is not clear whether the
interments in the walled graves at Newport Street, Stonefiouse,
were carnal or interments after cremation. The latter
appears more probable.
At Branscombe, Bury Farm, a stone coffin, with unburnt
bone, and bronze, has been reported by the late Mr. P. 0.
Hutchinson.
A contracted interment appears to have been found on
Dunscombe Manor, near Sidmouth. There was no barrow.
A crouched interment has been reported from Mount
Batten, near Plymouth. No implements or ornaments were
found, and the period is uncertain. There was no barrow.
An interment of no great interest has been described in
the Barrow Reports as having been unearthed on Plymouth
Hoe.
The evidence as to presumed inhumations in a kist at
Whiten Tor (above Powder Mills), and in another Dartmoor
kistvaen, rests solely on the word of unskilled persons, who
reported to Mrs. Bray that they found human hair in these
graves. There appears to have been a theory in the past
that human hair was capable of outlasting all other bodily
remains ; it was therefore considered a sufficiently natural
occurrence that it should be found in an. ancient grave
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
120 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
situate in an exposed position. The extreme improbability
of such a suggestion justifies us in setting aside this otherwise
doubtful evidence.
While no traces of carnal interment have been found in
any Devonshire mound-covered kistvaen, there is nothing in
the form or dimensions of many kists to render inhuma-
tion impossible. A chest, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet in
length, by 2 feet in width and depth, is in most cases
ample for a contracted interment.
Cremation.
That cremation was widely practised by the Devonshire
barrow builders is very certain. The strongest and only
reliable evidence of cremation being that burnt bone should
be found, and the following are among the localities from
which this has been reported.
Animal, as opposed to human bone, has been found burnt
at Burrow Park Tolly t Halwill, and in an urn at Chudleigh,
LittlehilL
Burnt Bone.
Archerton Newtake, between Eow Tor Marsh Brook
and Cherry Brook.
Berry Down Barrows, Berrynarber ; two barrows.
Broad Down, near Honiton ; 3.
Broadun ; bone ash.
Challacombe ?
Chagford Common ; four small cairns.
Chudleigh, Iittlehill ; bone ? burnt and ? animal.
Constantino Bay, Cornwall.
Crossway Close.
Fernworthy.
Great Torrington.
Great Whiten Tor, Postbridge ; bone ash.
Gittisham Hill.
Haldon.
Halwill, Burrow Park Tolly. (Animal bone.)
Huntshaw and Great Torrington.
Hammeldon Down, " Two Barrows."
Huntshaw.
Lovehayne Farm.
Langstone Moor.
Marldon, Westerland Beacon.
Membury.
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 121
Moor Barton, near Moreton.
Stanborough ?
Stannon Bottom.
Single Barrow, Hammeldon Down.
And probably many others.
Burnt bone was either mixed with the lower layers of
soil in the barrow, partially gathered into a pit in the sub-
soil, or placed in an urn. In either of the latter alterna-
tives it is frequently found that no adequate attempt has
been made to gather the whole of the ashes, or else perhaps
the cremations may in some cases have been so thorough
that few or no recognisable fragments of bone remained to
be collected.
Bone, whether burnt or unburnt, is in some soils
peculiarly liable to perish, and in this manner evidence
may have been lost.
The cremation appears frequently to have taken place on
the actual spot over which the barrow was subsequently
raised ; in evidence of which charcoal is often found, even
in barrows which yield no bone or recognisable bone ash ;
and where the soil is a stiff clay it has frequently been
baked in a manner involving the previous existence of a
considerable fire. At Langcombe and elsewhere it would
appear possible that paved circles were constructed as
crematoria and the ashes removed to adjacent kistvaens;
while some of the so-called "sacred circles," as at Fem-
worthy, have also been the sites of fires, whether or not
connected with cremation cannot be determined.
Eeports of barrow digging are frequently sketchy and
incomplete, and probably charcoal has often been over-
looked, or if found, not recorded.
Charcoal in Barrows.
Archerton Newtake ; kistvaen.
Archerton Newtake, between Eow Tor Marsh Brook
and Cherry Brook ; two cairns.
Berry Down Barrow, Berrynarber \ three barrows.
Broad Down, near Honiton ; 4.
Broadun.
Chagford Common ; nine small cairns.
Chudleigh, Littlehill.
Fernworthy.
Great Torrington.
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122 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Grey Wethers, near; two small barrows.
Grimslake, source of.
Gittisham Hill, No. 25, No. 27, No. 281
Halwill, Burrow Park Tolly.
Huntshaw and Great Torrington.
Hurston Ridge.
Hemstone Eock, north of ; three cairns.
King's Oven.
Lakehead Hill, Postbridge.
Langcombe, Deadman's Bottom.
Lakehead Hill.
Langstone Moor.
Marldon, Westerland Beacon.
Membury.
Moor Barton, near Moreton.
Moreton, Maredown.
New Beacon, near Sidmouth ; No. 3.
Raddick Hill.
Sidmouth, near ; No. 89.
Stanborough.
Stannon Bottom.
Tunhill Rocks, Blackslade Down, S.E. of.
Upton Pyne, Stephenstone ; 2.
White Down, Lydford ; 3.
Wedlake Combe and Walkham Valley, between.
Whittor, east of, near Langstone MSnhir; several
barrows.
And probably many others.
OBJECTS OF MAN'S HANDIWORK FOUND IN
BARROWS.
First among the manufactured objects found in barrows
we may place urns and pottery.
Urns and Pottery.
There is no conclusive evidence that any Devonshire
barrow has yielded wheel- thrown pottery. There is, how-
ever, a difficulty in defining the precise criterion by which
to discriminate between " wheel-thrown " and " hand-made "
work ; and it might be safe to state only that no pottery has
been found which might not have been hand-made. (The
graves at Stamford Hill are for the moment excluded from
consideration.)
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TJWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 123
In size the urns discovered have varied widely. The
smallest which has been found to contain burnt bones came
from Seven Barrow Field, Broad Down, near Honiton, No. 54.
This urn was only 3 inches in diameter and 1£ inches in
height, the thickness of its material was nearly half an
inch.
In one of the Berry Down barrows was found an inverted
urn, the greatest diameter of which was 19 inches; and at
Hurston Ridge another inverted urn was unearthed which
had a diameter of about 17 inches. These two fairly
represent the largest of their class.
It has recently come to the knowledge of the Committee
that an inverted urn was found some years ago when a
barrow at Marldon, Westerland Beacon, was opened.
The more ordinary sizes may be instanced from Watern
Down — height, 10 inches; diameter at mouth, 7 inches;
diameter at neck, 5£ inches; greatest diameter of body, 7
inches; thickness of material, $ inch; and Langcombe, near
Deadman's Bottom — height probably 7£ inches; diameter
at mouth, 4f inches ; greatest diameter, 6 inches ; diameter
at base, 4j- inches ; and thickness of material, \ inch.
The clay from which the urns have been made is some-
times rough in the extreme, containing much sand and
gravel, and the pottery is frequently very imperfectly baked.
On the other hand there are instances in which selected clay
appears to have been used and the firing process to have
been thorough.
A sinall fragment from the ruined kist at Drizdecombe is
barely one-fifth of an inch in thickness, of a comparatively
fine clay, well burnt and hard, and the outside bright red in
colour ; the inside is, however, brown. This feature of a red
outer and brown inner surface is common ; it does not, in
most cases at least, arise from any difference in the clay,
but originates in the fact that the outer portions have been
more thoroughly fired.
The outsides of the urns are almost constantly much
smoother and better finished than the inner portion, the
difference being sometimes very strongly marked.
Much of the pottery bears incised ornament of parallel
lines and of chevrons, including the variety of the latter
known as "herring-bone."
As an illustration of parallel line work a sketch is here
inserted of the urn found in Langcombe, near Deadman's
Bottom.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
124 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Urn from kistvaen in Langcombe, near Deadman's Bottom,
x J. (Restored. )
Chevron work is to be seen on the urn from Berry Down
in the sketch below.
Urn from Berry Down.
Plate IV. is an instance of chevron, parallel, and hatched
work combined, on the surface of an urn from Fernvxrrthy.
The sketch below is an example of herring-bone ornament
from Broad Down, Farway.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PLATE IV.
tf
FERN WORTHY.
Report of Barrow Committee — To face p. 124.
Digitized by VjOOQlC
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
Digitized by
Google
PLATE V.
WATBRN DOWN.
Report of Barrow Committee.— To face p. 125.
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 125
"KH.W,
af.-er
V.OM-
Broad Down, Farway (No. 64) (Kirwan's Incense Cup),
x 4. After P. 0. Hutchinson.
Plate V. shows the interrupted, or dotted, line work on an
urn from Watern Down. The line being formed in a series
of dots indented by a pointed instrument.
In addition to incised and dotted lines there was also in
use a method of producing line ornament by impressing the
surface of the clay with a twisted cord; the urn found at
Berry Down, and above illustrated, is an instance.
Thumb-nail markings are found on domestic pottery of a
similar type from the hut-circles on Dartmoor.
This brief summary is in no way intended to be an
exhaustive description of the methods of ornamentation
adopted, but rather a suggestion of the chief features.
Contrary to what has been suggested regarding other
localities, there is little difference, if any, in the character
of the domestic pottery found in the Dartmoor hut-circles
and the pottery from the Dartmoor barrows, or indeed from
the Devonshire barrows as a whole. Ornamentation equally
elaborate has been found on either, and work as careful, in
material equally good, comes from the hut-circles as from
the barrows.
It may be that the pottery from the barrows is on the
whole slightly thinner, and smoother on the outer surface,
perhaps more thoroughly ornamented; but its best is no
better than many hut-circles have yielded. Similar in form,
material, and ornament, there is a strong suggestion of
identity in date.
It is noteworthy that in one instance at least {Berry
Down, illustrated above) the lifting lugs or handles, common
on the pottery from hut-circles, are found on a sepulchral
urn, where they could have no use, and that urn so exactly
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126 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
resembles the domestic pottery as to strongly suggest a
cooking or store pot diverted from its original use.
How far the urns found have been cinerary, and how
far some may have been food vessels interred with the
dead, it is difficult to decide; many were certainly the
former, some may have been the latter. It must be noted
?rm~ ««<& rrr^i Www
sm
£&£&& £^g?^ /VWAA
is^x^y $y^^ &&$$&$
«\
COO 0 0 0
«%%%%*
0 0 0 0 O *
% ** * * *
AA/N/A
HW>
Sketch of some forms of ornament on Devonshire and Cornish urns.
that the earlier reported researches have to be read with
care. Thus Kirwan calls the small vessel from Broad
Down {No. 6Jb illustrated above) an " incense cup," although
it contained burnt bones when found, and was apparently a
cinerary urn. Another even smaller vessel, only 2\ inches in
diameter and If inches in height, was obtained by Kirwan
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 127
irom a barrow at Upton Pyne, and also described as an
" incense cup " ; it contained a coarse-grained, snuff-coloured
dust. The bottoms of both these small vessels were orna-
mented, and one side perforated in each. Whether such
may ever have been used for incense must be purely a
matter for imagination. Kirwan himself casts doubt on
the suggestion, while adopting the term.
The pottery from graves of later date than the barrow, as
for instance on Stamford Hill, was of a totally different type,
some of it, at Stamford Hill, being purely Roman, and the
bronze objects found with it belonged to the late Celtic
period.
From the barrow at Lovehayne, Mr. Hutchinson reported
pottery with spots of glaze. This may, however, have been
of later date than the interment, and incidental to some
previous disturbance of the cairn.
Finally, the barrow pottery is of the type which in the
present state of our knowledge we associate with the late
Neolithic and the early Bronze Ages.
Urns or Pottery.
Alvington West ; fragments.
Berry Down Barrows, Berrynarber; urn inverted and
fragments.
Bear Down House, near ; fragment in kistvaen.
Broad Down, near Honiton, No. 54, No. 57; urns and
smaller vessels.
Challacombe? urn.
Chagford, Thorn worthy ; urn in kistvaen.
Chudleigh, Iittlehill ; urn.
Constantine Bay, Cornwall ; urn.
Crossway Close ; urn.
Drizzlecombe, Plym Valley ; fragments in kistvaen.
Exmoor; urns with Soman and Greek coins stated to
have been found in barrows.
Fern worthy; urn.
6itti8ham Hill, No. #7; fragments.
Haldon; three urns in one barrow and fragments in
another.
Haldon, " Great Stone Heap " ; urn in kistvaen.
Halwill, Burrow Park Tolly ; fragments.
Higher Watercombe, Crossway Close.
Hurston Ridge ; large urn inverted.
Lakehead Hill, Postbridge; remains of a large and a
small urn in kistvaen.
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128 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Langcombe, Deadman's Bottom : broken urn in kistvaen.
Lovehayne Farm ; parts of three urns.
Marldon, Westerland Beacon ; inverted urn.
Membury; urn.
Moreton, Maredown ; fragments.
Mount Batten, Plymouth; pottery from kitchen mid-
den, doubtfully sepulchral.
Plymouth, Stillman Street ; urn.
Pen Beacon.
Rewe.
Roncombe's Girt, Broad Down, No. J$; "an old Taypot."
Stonehouse ; urn containing ashes.
Stamford Hill, Plymouth ; black and red pottery asso-
ciated with carnal interments.
Stannon Hill ; " pot of money."
Thorn worthy.
Tunhill Rocks, Blackslade Down, S.E. of ; thin pottery.
Watern Down ; urn in kistvaen.
Wigford Down, Plym Valley ; fragments in kistvaen.
Flint.
Flint flakes and implements have been found in barrows
in all parts of Devonshire.
In some cases the flints are of the simplest manufacture ;
in others, worked scrapers, knives, and arrow-heads of careful
make have been discovered.
Three knives and three scrapers of excellent workman-
ship were taken by Mr. Burnard from a kistvaen at Lake-
head Hilly near Postbridge; drawings of them, reproduced
from the Seventeenth Report, will be found on Plate VI.
Three barbed and tanged arrow-heads were taken from a
kistvaen in Langcombe, Deadman's Bottom, and another
arrow-head from the kistvaen on Calveslake Tor. Illustra-
tions of these will be found on Plate VII., reproduced from
the Nineteenth Report.
All worked flints as yet found have been of the Neolithic
type.
Flint has been found associated with bronze, as at Fern-
worthy ; with amber, as at Burrow Park Tolly, Halwill and
with horn, as again at Fernworthy.
Flint.
Archerton Newtake, kistvaen ; worked flint flakes.
Berry Down Barrows, Berrynarber.
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Mhk
■p
r
>
H
m
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Digitized by VjOOQ lC
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PLATE VII.
wicropo
DRIZZLECOMBE
LANCCOMBE dsaomaa/s bottom
CALVESLAKE
ALL ARROW-HEADS
FULL SIZE
1
8 X rt 1Vo^tM.»9O0
Report of Barrow Committer.— To fiice j>. 120.
■m
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 129
Calveslake ; arrow-head and three flakes in kistvaen.
Crow Tor ; kistvaen, flint scraper.
Chagford, Thornworthy ; kistvaen, four flint tools.
Constantine Bay, Cornwall.
Fernworthy ; knife.
Gittisham mil ; flakes.
Hemstone Rock, north of ; flake in kistvaen and flakes
in cairn.
King's Oven ; scraper.
Lakehead Hill, Postbridge ; three knives, three scrapers.
Langcombe, Deadman's Bottom ; three arrow-heads in
kistvaen.
Lovehayne Farm ; scraper.
Merrivale Bridge ; scraper and flake.
" Ring in the Mire," near No. 83 ; flake.
"Single Barrow," Hammeldon Down; square imple-
ment.
Thornworthy.
Thorverton; hammer-stona
Whittor ; flint flakes, but no trace of sepulture.
Whittor, east of, near Langstone MSnhir; several
barrows.
Bronze.
The records of bronze from barrows in Devonshire are
not numerous, although that material cannot, on the other
hand, be described as scarce or exceptional.
The late Mr. C. Spence Bate 6 wrote, in a paper on " Some
Antient Tumuli on Dartmoor " : —
" According to my experience of the Dartmoor tumuli, most of
them consist of heaps of stones, containing a stone kist or small
chamber, within which has frequently been found an earthen vase
of baked clay, containing the calcined bones of the individual to
whose honour the tumulus was erected. These have frequently
been associated with some weapon of bronze, and sometimes of
stone."
The whole quoted paragraph requires considerable modifi-
cation, and especially the word "frequently" should be
omitted wherever it occurs. There is no obtainable evi-
dence that, at the time of writing, Mr. Spence Bate had any
considerable or general experience in the matter, nor are
there any records of barrow opening which bear out his
statement as to the frequency of bronze implements.
8 Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. v. 556.
VOL. XXXIV. I
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130 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Whatever may have been the case in the days when the
barrows were constructed, bronze is now decidedly rare
within the Dartmoor area. Possibly some of the rifled
kistvaens did contain implements of that metal, but if so
no record remains.
The evidence that many Dartmoor barrows originally
contained urns is more satisfactory, since fragments have
been found in a number of rifled kistvaens when reopehed.
The bronze celts found in the barrow at Zovehayne were
probably a hoard, and apparently in no way connected with
the interment. A barrow is by no means an unnatural
place to select for the purpose of hiding treasure, affording
as it does its own landmark for the returning owner.
See Plates VIII. and IX. for illustrations of some of the
bronze objects found.
Bronze.
Branscombe, Bury Farm ; bronze fibula in stone coffin.
Broad Down, near Honiton (No. 3, Eighteenth Keport) ;
bronze spear-head (see Plate IX.).
Broad Down, near Honiton, No. 62 ; celt (see Plate
VIII.).
Bronze Mirror from Stamford Hill.
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PLATE VIII.
Redrawn bij Tl.H.Wor+H . /ILL X 2/g .
I TO/?/?/NCTON
2 H/1M/LDON
3. BROAD DOWN 6/.
4. „LO\/£H/IYN£ 78.
5 BffOAD DOWN 62.
Report of Barrow Committee.— 2*o face p. 130.
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PLATE IX.
rati S/Z£
BROAD DOWN
BRONZE S/*£/1& /fJT/fD
RESTORATION
Report of Barrow Committee.— To face p. 181.
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TWENTY-FIKST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 131
Broad Down, near Honiton, No. 61 ; fragments of spear-
head ? (see Plate VIII.).
Bridford and Christow; several celts found in some
cairns.
Fern worthy; fragment.
Gittisham Hill ; four shapeless fragments ; No. 28.
Hammeldon Down, " Two Barrows " ; dagger (see Plate
VIIL).
Huntshaw ; dagger (see Plate VIII.).
Lovehayne Farm ; a large number (about 100 ?) of celts,
probably a hoard unconnected with the interment
(see Plate VIIL).
Moor Barton, near Moreton ; spear-head (? copper).
Eaddick Hill ; small piece from kistvaen.
Stamford Hill, Plymouth; mirrors and other articles
(see figure opposite).
Upton Pyne, Stephenstone ; bronze pin and dagger.
Stone Implements other than Flint.
These comprise : —
An archer's wrist-guard or bracer, " fashioned from a fine,
gritty stone, and rubbed down perfectly smooth. It is
perforated at each corner ; two of the holes on the reverse
side are countersunk to accommodate the knots of the
thongs which bound the guard to the wrist. The obverse
is slightly convex and the reverse concave." From kistvaen,
Archerton Newtake.
An oval implement of yellowish-white soft slate from
cairn on Pen Beacon.
A similar but larger implement, spatula-shaped, and per-
forate at one end, from Whittor (east of), near Langstone
Menhir.
A " polishing stone " from Merrivale.
Sling-stones, or pebbles the only apparent use of which
would be as sling-stones, from three barrows on Broad Down,
near Honiton; from Gittisham Hill; Lovehayne Farm; and
Shaugh Lake.
A " pounder/' or hammer-stone, from Gittisham Hill, No.
27. Small quartz pebbles or crystals are sometimes found
in barrows in localities where they are foreign to the soil.
KlMMERIDGE COAL.
Broad Down, near Honiton, Nos. S3 and 61 both yielded
drinking cups made in Kimmeridge coal; these cups have
i 2
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132 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
been said to be lathe-turned (?), with the handles cut from
the solid, and are illustrated below.
^HH Hr "ess ym mr nq6i
Kimmeridge Coal Cups from Broad Down, near Honiton. x J.
After P. 0. Hutchinson.
Horn.
A dress fastener or button in this material was found at
Fernworthy.
Bone.
The only worked bone objects reported from a Devonshire
barrow were found at Broad Down, near Honiton, in barrow
No. 62. Kirwan describes a bead, but Hutchinson points
out that the objects in the Albert Memorial Museum, taken
from this barrow, do not agree with Kirwan's illustration.
Amber.
Amber has been found in two barrows; in the one
instance at Burrow Park Tolly, Halwill, an amber pendant
was found associated with a flint flake ; in the other
instance on Hameldon (or Hammeldown) an amber pommel
ornamented with gold pins was found associated with the
bronze dagger to the hilt of which it was probably attached.
In both cases the interment was by cremation.
Glass.
On Broad Down, near Honiton, dull green window glass of
some age was found just below and on the surface of Barrow
No. 71, an obvious addition of comparatively recent date.
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 133
A glass bead was found in a barrow at Moor Barton, near
Moreton; with it a spear-head of copper (?) and a small
amulet of soft stone.
A glass vessel was taken from one of the graves on
Stamford Hill, Plymouth. These graves belonged to the late
Celtic period.
Money.
The records of money found in barrows are in few
instances very definite, and are rather passing references
than careful statements of fact. In some instances at least,
as with the Queen Anne's shilling found on Oittisham HiU,
the money was obviously out of all date with the barrow,
and merely accidental.
The urns with Eoman and Greek coins, said to have been
found on Hxmoor, may possibly have been hoards, the
barrows having been selected as places of concealment.
There is no evidence that either Roman or Greek coins have
ever been found in a Devonshire barrow associated with the
interment.
Other stated instances of money found in barrows are of
somewhat "legendary" nature, such, for example, as the
" pot of money " on " Stannon Hill"
Monet/.
Exmoor; urns with Roman and Greek coins stated to
have been found in barrows.
Gittisham Hill, No. 27; a Queen Anne's shilling.
Haldon, near Belvidere ; Roman coins of Claudius, etc.
Stannon Hill ; " pot of money " ?
Worlington East ; Roman coins.
Whiten Tor (above Powder Mills) ; silver coins ?
Miscellaneous.
From Upton Pyne, Stephenstone, a necklace of beads formed
of perforated bits of shale, with one fusiform central
earthenware head worked in chevron pattern, and a portion
of the stem of an encrinite utilised as one of the heads. In
this barrow, according to Kirwan, " carbonised wheat " was
found. There seems some possibility of error in this
statement.
An "amulet of soft stone" was taken from the Moor
Barton barrow, near Moreton.
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134 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Red ochre, or " ruddle," has been reported from OUtisham
Hill barrows and elsewhere by Hutchinson ; this has also
been found in a Dartmoor hut-circle at Legis Tor.
Sidmouth, near, No. 89 yielded two small white quartz
pebbles ; these also have been found in Dartmoor huts.
A rusted iron nail was found in the stone coffin at
Branscombe, Bury Farm, and iron was found in the graves
on Stamford Hill, Plymouth.
Conclusion.
Thus has been briefly summarised the present state of
knowledge regarding our Devonshire barrows. Confined
to a statement of fact, unhampered by speculation or
attempted interpretation, the present Report is intended
as a guide to the available barrow literature of the county,
especially in so far as that literature is to be found in the
Transactions of our Association.
The student should make free use of the appendices in
conjunction with the tables in the text, and read for himself
the original reports and papers, the contents of which
include much that has only been glanced at above.
Looking back over the records of previous, and especially
of early, work it is sadly evident that much has been lost
by a certain lack of precision and method on the part of
barrow openers; many a record, from want of accuracy
of detail, as much as from a superabundance of imagination,
can only be regarded as untrustworthy, and since everyone
who opens a barrow destroys evidence which can never
be replaced, it is most earnestly to be hoped that a know-
ledge of previous results and an adequate patience will be
qualifications more prominent in the future among workers
in this field.
(R. H. Worth.)
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TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 135
APPENDIX I.
Index to Localities mentioned in the first Twenty Reports of
the Barrow Committee.
The following reference letters have been used :—
L. Quotation from previous or current Barrow literature, or reference
to same.
0. Actual results of opening or reopening Barrows, either by Com-
mittee or by contributor to the Report.
B. A passing reference only, without detail.
Bep. Reported (not necessarily for the first time) by a member of Com-
mittee or other contributor, usually with some detail, and occa-
sionally with notes of result of known previous excavation.
Alvinoton, West
Amicombe Hill
Ancient Ornament
Appledore
Archerton .
Auswell Down
L.
L.
L.
L.
L.
Volume
2'raLoo. Pa**-
tiotu.
xvu.
XIV.
xxi.
XL
xiv.
xi
127
158
111
147
158
147
m
vn.
iv.
xi.
i.
iv.
i.
BATrsN. See Mount Batten, Plymouth.
BelstoneTor . . . B. ... xx.
Berry Down . . L. ... xi.
Berry Down Barrows, Berrynarber . 0. ... xv.
Berrynarber. See Berry Down Barrows.
Blackdown . . . . L. ... xi.
Blackdown, Dartmoor . M. ... xx.
Black Down, Lydford. See WhUe Down, Lydford.
Black Hill (Gibbett Hill), Lydford
Blackbury Castle
Black Tor .
Bolt Down, Salcombe .
Branscombe, Bury Farm, near
Branscombe, Higher Bulstone
Bratton Down
Bridestowe, Crossheath Burrow
Broadbury .
Broad Down, Dartmoor
Broad Down, near Honiton
Bep.
. Bep.
. L.
. L.
Bep.&O.
. Bep.
* Lt.
. Bep.
. L.
. L.
. L.
. Bep.
0.
„ ,, See also
Seven Barrow Field, and Nos. 48-78
inclusive, vol. xii., Report 2.
Broad Down, near Honiton, Barrows
near. See Nos. 2t-Jfl inclusive,
voL xii., Report 2. As also
Boneombe Oirt and Lovehayne Farm.
xxiu.
xii.
xiv.
xvii.
xii.
xii.
xi
xxx.
xi.
xiv.
xi
xii
xxxi
46
148
108
148
47
118
144
157
128
146
148
148
79
148
158
148
189
94
x. 1
i. 4
v. 1
t.
x.
xiii.
ii.
iv.
vii.
ii.
ii.
i.
xvii.
i.
iv.
i.
ii.
xviii. 1
28
6
2
80
29
4
8
4
7
4
28
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
136 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Bridford and Christow
Bulverton Hill, near Sidmouth
Burley. See Huish, South.
Bnrrington Barrows . . Rep.
Burrow Park Tolly. See Halwill,
Burrow Park Tolly.
Bury Farm. See LittUcombe Three Acres,
near Bury Farm.
Bury Farm, Branacombe. See Branscombe,
Bury Farm.
Volume
ii **
of
Transac-
tion*.
Page.
i!s
L.
... zi.
148
.. t. 4
Rep.
... zii.
124
... ii. 8
121
Cadover, Plym Valley
Cadworthy Farm, Plym Valley
Calvealake Tor, Plym Valley .
Chagford . ...
Chineway Head Road (Sidmouth) .
Challacombe
Christow. See Bridford and Christow.
Colyton. See Lovehayne Farm.
Cosdon Beacon
Cosdon Hill . '.
Corn Ridge
Crossheath Burrow. See Bridestowe,
Crossheath Burrow.
Orossway Close. See Higher Watercombe,
Crosaway Close.
Cumsdon Tor . . L.
Rep. ,
.. zzii.
60 .
.. xii.
2
Rep. .
.. xxii.
49 .
.. xii.
1
Rep. .
.. xxii.
61
.. xii.
8
0.
.. xxxii.
63 .
.. xix.
8
L.
.. xiv.
162 .
.. iv.
1
Rep. .
.. xii.
125 .
.. ii.
9
L.
.. xi.
149 .
.. t.
5
L.
.. xiv.
163 .
.. iv.
1
0.
xxviil
84 .
.. XV.
1
R.
XX.
46 .
.. X.
1
R
.. XX.
46 .
.. X.
1
xiv. 165
R.
Dannagoat . R.
Dartmoor . . . L.
And see also under individual localities,
too numerous to cross-reference.
Dartmoor, Tumuli on
Deadman's Bottom. See Langcombe,
Deadman's Bottom.
Devonport .
Doe Tor
Down Tor
Drizzlecombe, Plym Valley
Dunscombe Manor, near Sidmouth
xx.
xi.
47
150
46
x.
i.
. Rep. .
.. xvii. 128 .
.. vii.
2
. Rep. .
xxxiv. 115
.. xxi.
12
. Rip. .
.. xxiv. 48
.. xiv.
2
. Rep. .
.. xxii. 60 .
.. xii.
2
. Rep. .
.. xxii. 52 .
.. xii.
4
: . o.
.. xxxii. 49
.. xix.
4
outh . Rep. .
.. xii. 148 .
.. ii.
82
Eastern Beacon . . . L.
East Hill. See Ottery St. Mary, Bast Hill,
East Worlington. See IVorlington, Bast.
Emmett's Post, Plym Valley
Erme
Erme Pound
Exbourne
Exmoor
Eyelesburrow, or Eyelesbarrow
xiv. 166
Rep. .
.. xxii
60 .
.. xii
2
Rep.
.. xxiv.
47 .
.. xiv.
1
Rep. .
.. xxiv.
48 .
. . xiv.
2
Rep. .
.. XXX.
79 .
xvii.
3
L.
.. xi.
150 .
.. i.
6
R.
.. XX.
47 .
.. X.
2
Rep. .
. xxii.
61 .
.. xii.
8
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 137
Volume
Trantnc- ^*8e<
tions.
128
46
78
50
Farway Oastli, near . . Rep. ... xii.
8ee also Nos. tt-Jft inclusive, vol. xii.
Report 2.
Fordland Ledge . . . Rep. ... zx.
Galford Down, Lew Trenchard . Rep. ... xxx.
Gallows Hill. See Lydford, Gallows Bill.
Giant's Basin, Plym Valley . . Rep, ... xxii.
Gibbett Hill, Lydford. See Black Bill,
Lydford.
Gittisham . . . L. ... xi. 151
Great Gnat's Head . . . 0. ... xxxiii. 119
,, „ . . 0. ... xxxiii. 120
Great Nodden . . R. xx. 46
Great Nodden, source of Lyd . . Rep. ... xxiii. 117
Great Torrington . . . 0. ... xxxi. 99
See also Huntshaw and Great Torrington.
Green Hill, Erme Valley . . Rep, ... xxiv. 48
Grinisgrove, Plym Valley . . Rep, ... xxii. 61
Grims Grave, iingcombe Valley . 0. ... xxxiii. 120
Guttor . . . . 0. ... xxxii. 48
111!
U.
12
x. 1
xvii. 2
xii. 2
t.
xx.
xx.
x.
xiii.
xviii.
xiv. 2
xii. 8
xx. 6
xix, 8
Haldon
Haldon, near Belvidere
Halwill, Burrow Park Tolly
JtNraildon
»»
Hangingstone Hill
Hangman's Stone
Harford, Erme Valley .
L,
L.
0.
L.
R.
R.
Rep,
L.
Rep.
Hartor, Lower. See Lower Bartor.
Hawk's Tor, otherwise Oxter, Plym
Valley . ... Rep.
Henda-barrow . L.
Hennock . . . L.
Hentor . . . 0,
Hentor Brook. See Wallabrook, Plym
Valley.
Hessary Tor . . L.
Higher Bulstone, Branscombe. See
Branscombe, Higher Bulstone.
Higher Bulstone, south of
Higher Watercombe, Orossway Close
High Peak Hill (Sidmouth) .
»i » i» •
Holloway Lane, Haldon
Holne Ridge
Honiton, three miles from
Honiton. See Broad Down, near BonUon,
Hook Lake, Erme Valley
Hortonsford Bottom, Erme Valley
Hound Tor .
Huish, South, Burley
Huntshaw
Huntshaw and Great Torrington
xi.
xi.
xxviii.
xiv.
xx.
xx.
xii.
xiv.
xxiv.
161
154
86
154
47
46
144
156
48
xxii. 50
xi. 148
xi. 156
xxxiii. 119
xiv.
157
t.
t.
XV.
iv.
x.
x.
ii.
iv.
xiv.
xxx.
i.
i.
XX.
XV.
7
10
3
8
2
1
28
5
2
2
4
12
6
Rep. .
.. xii.
148 .
ii.
32
Rep. .
.. xii.
145 .
.. ii.
29
Rep. .
.. xii.
122 .
. . ii.
6
Rep. .
.. xii.
150
.. ii.
34
L. .
.. XL
158 .
.. i.
9
R.
XX.
47 .
.. X.
2
Rep. .
.. xii.
127 .
.. ii.
11
Rep. .
xxiv.
48
xiv.
2
Rep. .
.. xxiv.
48 .
xiv.
2
L.
.. xvii.
128 .
.. vii.
2
L.
.. xvii.
129 .
.. vii.
8
L.
... xi.
156 .
.. i.
12
0.
.. xvi.
124
.. vi.
1
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
138 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Volume
of
Tranaoo-
Hone.
Page.
II
a
Ilsinoton, Quarnell Down
L.
... xi.
157
.. i.
13
Kelly, Ram's Down Common
L.
... xi.
167
.. i.
13
Kentamoor, between Cullumpton and
Honiton
L.
... xi.
167
... *.
13
Kings Oven . *
L.
... xiv.
168
.. iv.
7
King Tor . .
R.
... XX.
47
.. X.
2
Lakehead Hill
L.
... xiv.
157
.. iv.
6
,, „ Postbridge
Langcombe Bottom, Grim's Grave .
0*
... XXX.
76
.. xvii,
1
L.
... xiv.
166
.. iv.
6
See also Gtrim's Grave.
Langcombe (Deadman's Bottom)
Rep.
... xxii
52
.. xii.
4
,, near Deadman's Bottom
0.
... xxzii.
50
.. xix.
6
it » ii i> •
0.
... xxxii.
51
.. xix.
6
»> >* »» ti *
0.
... xxxii.
62
xix.
7
Langcombe, near Plvra Steps .
Lee Moor, Plym Valley
0.
... xxxii.
60
.. xix.
6
0.
... xxxii
49
.. xix.
4
Legis Tor, Plym Valley
Rep.
... xxii
60
.. xii.
2
ii i> ii • •
0.
... xxxiii
118
.. XX.
4
Lew, North
L.
... xvii
129
.. vii.
3
Lew Trenchard. See Oal/ord Down, Lew
Trenchard.
Littlecombe Three Acres, near Bury
Farm . ...
Rep.
... xii
146
.. ii.
80
Lovehayne Farm, Golyton
Lower Hartor, Plym Valley .
0.
... xii
140
.. ii.
24
Rep.
... xxii.
51
.. xii.
3
Lundy . ...
L.
... xi
168
.. t.
14
Lydford. See WhUe Hill, Lydford; see
Black Hilly Lydford ; see Yellow Afead,
Lydford.
Lydford, Gallows Hill . . Rep.
Malborouoh • , L.
See also Huish, South.
Manaton . ...
Mardon . ...
>i •
Maredown. See Moreton, Martdown.
Maristow, Middle Raddon
Marldon, Westerland Beacon
Martinhoe . ...
Meavy Valley
Membury . ...
Middle Raddon. See Maristow, Middle
Raddon.
Moor Barton, near Moreton . . L.
Moreleigh. See Stanborough, Moreleigh.
Moreton. See Moor Barton, Moreton.
Moreton, Jlaredown . . . L.
Mount Batten, Plymouth . . Rep.
ii ii ii • O.
ii ti ii • • "•
79
129
L.
xiv.
154 .
.. iv.
3
L.
xiv.
154 .
.. iv.
3
R.
XX.
47 .
.. X.
2
Rep. ...
XXX.
78 .
xvii.
2
Rep.O....
xxxiv.
123 .
xxi.
20
L.
xvii
129 .
.. vii.
8
Rep. ...
xxiv.
47 .
.. xiv.
1
L. ...
xvii
129 .
.. vii.
3
154
xi.
158 .
.. t.
14
xix.
84 .
.. ix.
2
xxi.
110 .
.. xi.
1
xxiii
119 .
.. xiii.
8
New Beacon, Qidmouth
North Lew. See Lew, North.
Rep.
123
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
TWENTY-FIB8T REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 139
1
Volume
of
Transac-
tions.
Page.
No Report . . .
—
... XXV.
—
.. —
—
„ » • • • •
—
... xxvi.
—
—
—
__„
... xvvii
__
_
__
Nun's Cross Farm
Rep.
... xxiv.
47 !
.. xiv.
I
Okehampton
Rep.
... XXX.
79 .
.. xvii
. 8
Ottery St Mary, East Hill .
L.
... xi
157 .
.. t.
18
Oxter. See HawV$ Tor.
Patent, Barrow digging in Devon .
L.
... xviii
106
.. via.
1
Pen Beacon
L.
... xiv.
167 .
.. XV.
6
*» M . » •
R.
... XX.
47 .
.. X.
2
p3ton " . . .
Rep.
... xxiv.
47 .
.. xiv.
1
l:
... xvii.
180 .
.. vii.
4
Pin Beacon (Sidmouth)
Rep.
... xii
123 .
... ii.
7
Plymouth. See Mount Batten, Plymouth.
Plymouth Hoe
Rep.
... xix.
83 .
... XX.
1
Plymouth, Stillman Street
0.
... xiii.
99 ,
... Hi.
2
Plym Steps. See Langeombe, near
Plym Steps.
Plym Valley
Rep.
... xxiL
49 .
.. xii.
1
»i >i • . • •
0.
... xxxii
46
.. xix.
1
>> »> ...
0.
... xxxiii
117 .
.. XX.
1
Postbridge. See Lakehead Sill, Poetbridge.
Princetown. See Roddick Hill, near
Prineetown.
Quarnbll Down.
Down..
See Ilsinffton, QuarneU
Raddick Hill, near Princetown
Rewe . . . .
" Ring in the Mire," near No. SS
Roborough', near Plymouth
Roncombe'8 Girt
Ronscombe, near
Saddleborouoh. See Shaugh.
Salcombe. See Bolt Down.
Seven Barrow Field, Broad Down .
,, „ north of .
Sharpitorre . .
Sharp Tor . .
Shaugh Common (Hawk's Tor)
Shaugh Lake
Shaugh, Saddleborough
Shavercombe
Shavercombe Brook, Plym Valley
Shell Top . . .
>* » • • • '
Shehtone and Endsworthy
Sidbury Castle (Sidmouth)
Sidmouth . .
Sidmouth. See Dunecombe Manor,
Sidmouth.
Sidmouth, near
0.
xxxi
98 .
.. xviii. 6
L.
.. xvii
130 .
.. vii.
4
0.
.. xii.
128 .
.. ii.
12
L.
.. xi
158 .
.. i.
14
Rep. .
.. xii.
129 .
.. ii.
13
Rep. .
.. xii.
129 .
.. ii.
13
Rep. .
.. xii.
131 .
.. it.
15
Rep. .
.. xii
134 .
.. it.
18
L.
.. xi.
159 .
.. t.
15
L.
.. xiv.
156 .
.. iv.
5
R. .
.. XX.
47 .
.. X.
2
L.
.. xiv.
157 .
.. iv.
6
0.
.. xxviii.
84 .
.. XV.
1
Rep. .
.. xvii
130 .
.. vii.
4
0.
.. xxxiii.
119 .
.. XX.
5
Rep. .
.. xxii.
50 .
.. xii.
2
R.
.. XX.
47 .
.. X.
2
Rep. .
.. xxiv.
47 .
.. xiv.
1
l: .
.. xiv.
153 .
.. iv.
2
Rep. .
.. xii
124
.. ii.
8
Rep. .
.. xii
122 .
.. ii.
149
ii. 83
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
140 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Volume
«s
*i
of
Transac-
tions.
Page.
p
«
Sidraouth, . within radius of six
miles of ...
—
... xii.
122 .
.. a.
6
etseq.
et
seq.
South Huish. See JIuish, South.
Stalldon Moor, Erme Valley .
Rep.
.. xxiv.
48 .
.. xiv.
2
Stanborough, near Moreleigh .
L.
.. xi.
158 .
.. i.
14
Stanborough
L.
r*. xvii.
180 .
.. vii.
4
Stannon Bottom
0.
.. xxviii.
84 .
.. XV.
1
Starehole Bottom. See Jialborough.
Stephenstone. See Upton Pyne.
Stone Burrow Plot See Lovehayne.
Stonehouse . ...
L.
.. xvii
181
.. vii.
5
Teign Head . •
R>
.. XX.
40 .
.. X.
1
Three Barrows
L.
xi.
159 .
.. t.
15
Three Barrow Tor .
L.
.. xiv.
155 .
.. iv.
4
f» *» >i • • •
R.
.. XX.
47
.. X.
2
Thornworthy
R.
.. XX.
46
.. X.
1
»t ...
Rep. .
.. xxix.
70 .
.. xvi.
7
Thorverton . ...
L. .
.. xi.
159 .
.. i.
15
Torrington, Great See Great Torrington.
Torry Brook . ...
Rep. .
.. xxiv.
47 .
.. xiv.
1
Trentishoe . ...
L. .
.. xvii.
181
.. vii.
5
Twelve Acre Field
Rep. .
.. xii
144
.. it.
28
Uobo ROUGH . ...
L.
.. xi.
159 .
.. i.
15
Ugborough Beacon
R.
XX.
47 .
... .x
2
Upton Pyne . ...
L.
xi
159 .
.. i.
15
Upton Pyne, Stephenstone
Rep. .
.. xii
120 .
.. u.
4
Wadland Down
R
.. XX.
46
.. X.
1
Wallabrook, Plym Valley
Rep. .
.. xxii.
52 .
.. xii.
4
9> If >l * *
Rep. .
.. xxiv.
48 .
. . xiv.
2
Watem Down
0.
xxix.
66 .
.. xvi.
4
WaternTor . ...
L.
. . xiv.
153 .
.. iv.
2
»» »i ...
R.
XX.
47 .
.. as.
2
Watem Tor and Hound Tor, midway
between . ...
Rep. .
.. xxxiv.
•112 .
. xxi.
9
West Alvington. See Alvington, West.
Western Beacon
R.
XX.
47 .
. X.
2
White Down, Lydford
0.
.. XX.
47 .
. x.
2
White Hill, Lydford .
Rep.
.. xxiii.
118 .
. xiii.
2
Wigford Down, Plym Valley .
Rep. .
.. xxii
50 .
. xii.
2
»» >* >t ti • •
0.
.. xxxii.
48
xix.
S
Woodburrow
L.
.. xi.
159 ..
i.
15
Worlington, East
L.
.. xi.
160 .
. i.
16
Y ads worthy, Erme Valley .
Rep. .
xxiv.
47 .
.. xiv.
1
Yealm . ...
Rep. .
.. xxiv.
47 .
. xiv.
1
Yellow Mead, Lydford
Rep. .
.. xxiii
118 .
. xiii.
2
Yes Tor . . .
R.
XX.
46 .
. 05.
1
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
TWENTY-FIBST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 141
APPENDIX II.
Dartmoor Localities (barrows, cairns, and kistvaens) mentioned
in the Dartmoor Exploration Committee's Reports, from
I. to VIII. incltisive.
(Reference letters as in Appendix I.)
Volume
Tranaao- p*8e«
Hon*.
Abchbrton Newtake
Archerton Newtake, between Row
Tor Marsh Brook and Cherry-
brook . ...
0.
zxxiii. 185
xxxiii. 186
Bbllaeord Tor, western slope . 0. ... xxxiii. 186
Believer, toward. See Lakehead HiU, toward
Believer,
Blackslade Down. See Tunhill Rocks,
Blackslade Down,
Chaoford Common .
Rep. ...
xxiz.
159 .
in.
15
»» »» . . » .
0.
xxxiii.
137 ..
.. vii.
9
Cherrybrook. See Archerton Newtake,
between, etc.
Cosdon . , * .
0.
xxviii
180 .
.. Hi.
8
Cox Tor . .
Rep.&O....
XXX.
105 .
.. v.
9
Crow Tor . ...
0.
xxxiii.
136 .
.. vii.
8
Cudlipptown Down. See Whittor.
Fernworthy
0.
XXX.
107 .
.. v.
11
Great Whiten Tor, Postbridge .
0.
xxxiii.
136
. . vii.
8
Grey Wethers, near
Golden Dagger, near .
0.
XXX.
112 .
.. v.
16
Rep. ...
XXX.
98 .
.. V.
2
Grimslake, source of . .
0.
xxvi
118 .
.. i.
19
Hemstone Rook, north of
0.
xxxiii.
137 .
. . vii.
9
Hurston Ridge
0.
xxxiii.
137 .
. . vii.
9
KlNG8 0VEN
0.
xxvii.
88 .
.. ii.
8
Lake Head Hill
0.
xxviii
182 .
.. Hi.
10
19 It it * • •
0.
xxxiii.
187 .
.. vii.
9
„ „ „ toward Believer .
0.
xxviii.
183 .
.. Hi.
11
„ „ ,, west side of
0.
xxviii
182 .
.. Hi.
10
Langstone Menhir, east of. See
Whittor, east of Langstone Menhir.
Langstone Moor
R.
xxix.
147 .
.. iv.
8
»» »> • * •
0.
XXX.
112 .
v.
16
Longstone Moor
Rep. ..
xxvii
83 .
.. ii.
3
Mbrrivalb Bridge .
0.
xxvii.
85 .
.. ii.
5
»» i> • •
Rep. ..
xxxvii
. 87 .
.. it.
7
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
i42 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
fi
Volume
Transae- r*8*«
Hon*.
P08TBRIDOB. See Great Whiten Tor.
Powder Mills . . . 0. ... xxxiii. 136
Row Tor Marsh Brook. See
Archerton Newtake, between, etc.
Sou880n'8 Warren Hill . . Rep. ... xxx.
Stalldon Moor . . . Rep. ... xxiz.
Stall Moor. See Stalldon Moor.
98
146
Tunhill Rooks, Blackslade Down,
south-east of . .
Rep. SO.... xxix. 150
Walkham Valley and Wedlake Combe,
between. See Wedlake Combe and
Walkham Valley % between.
Warren Hill. See Soueson's Warren Bill.
Watern Tor and Hound Tor, midway
between . . . 0.
Wedlake Combe and Walkham Valley,
between . . 0.
Wethers, Grey. See Orey Wethers.
Whiten Tor, Great See Great Whiten Tor.
Whittor, Cudlipptown Down . 0.
Whittor, east of, near Langstone
MSnhir . . . 0.
*3
&S.
V.
iv.
2
2
xxxiv.
164
.. viii.
5
XXXL
152 .
.. vi.
7
xxxi.
150 .
.. vi.
7
xxxi
152 .
.. vi.
7
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 143
APPENDIX III.
Index to Localities (barrows, cairns, and kistvaens) mentioned
in isolated papers in the first Thirty-three Volumes of the
Devonshire Association Transactions.
The following reference letters have been used : —
L. Quotation from previous or current literature.
0. Actual results of opening or reopening Barrow.
R. Passing reference only.
Rep. Reported (not necessarily for the first time) from personal
observation.
Volume
tiom.
Archhrton. See Chittaford Down, above
Archerton.
Archerton Tennis Ground .
»> 99 *>
Ausewell Rocks .
Rep.
Sip.
R.
xxii 207
xxiii. 314
vi. 263
See Lakehead
Bear Down House, near .
Bellaford and Lakehead Newtakes.
and Bellaford Newtakes.
Bellaford Newtake . ... Rep.
Bellaford Tor, south-west slope . . . Rep.
Blackabrook, 800 yards from Ockery Bridge, near
Princetown . . ... Rep.
Blackabrook, 830 yards from Ockery Bridge, near
Princetown . . ... Rep.
Blackabrook, south of Round Hill . . . Rep.
Blackabrook, Princetown. See RoundhUl, near; near
Blackabrook, and Royal Hill ; near Blackabrook.
Black Newtake, near Cherrybrook . . . Rep.
Black Tor, Meavy Valley . ... Rep.
Broad Barrow . ... Rep.
Broad Down, near Honiton . . . R.
0.
O.
O.
0.
Rep.
„ ,, „ ,, eastern extremity of Down
Broad Down, Farway, near Honiton .
Broadun, Postbridge . ...
Brown Heath, near head of Erme
Chagford, Thornworthy . . 0.
Cherrybrook. See Black Newtake, near Cherrybrook.
Cherrybrook, near affluence of Router Brook. See
Router Brook, near affluence with Cherry Brook.
Childe'sTomb . . . R.
Chittaford Down . . ... Rep.
Chittaford Down, above Archerton . . . Rep.
Chudleigh, Littlehill . . . O.
xxii 201
xxii 206
xxii 203
xxxiii 496
xxxiii 496
xxii 203
xxii. 204
iv. 605
v.
iii
iv.
iv.
iv.
ii.
554
495
300
301
300
619
xx vi. 192
iv. 502
xii. 865
xxii 207
xxii. 207
xxiii. 314
viii. 435
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
144 TWBNTY-FIKST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Constantino Bay, Cornwall . ...
tt »> »• • • •
Corndon and Yar Tors, between. See Yar and
Corndon Tars, between.
Corydon Ball . . ...
»i ii • • . .
Cosdon . . ...
Crock of Gold, Tor RoyaL See Tor Royal, Crock of
Gold.
Drewstbignton, Shilston . ...
East Milton . . ...
Ephraim's Pinch. See Sousson's Warren, near
Ephr aim's Pinch.
Ernie. See Lower Piles Wood, Erme.
Erme, near head of. See Brown Heath, near head of
Erme.
Exeter, between, and Raddon Hill. See Raddon Hill,
between, and Exeter,
Eyelesborough . . ... Rep.
Eyelesborough and source of Plym, midway between.
See Plym, source of and Eylesborough, midway
between.
Volume
Trxmaac p*8e«
Hon*.
0.
... i.pt8 14G
.. i.pt5 135
Rep.
Rep.
.. iv. 613
.. iv. 515
... xxiv. 393
Rep.
.. iv. 511
Rep.
... xxii. 189
509
Farway, See Broad Down, Farway, near Honiton.
Fort Stamford, Plymouth. See Stamford Hill,
Plymouth.
Gittisham Hill .
Gnrasgrave
Hammeldon Down, "Two Barrows"
Hameldon
Hessary Tor
Higher White Tor, Powder Mills
Honiton. See Broad Down, near Honiton.
HooknerTor
Hound Tor
Huntshaw
Kings Oven . . .
Kings Tor, Kings Barrow .
Lakehead and Bellaford Newtakes .
Lakehead Hill, eastern side of
Lakehead Newtake
Langcombe Bottom, Plym .
Littlehill. Chudleigh. See Chudleigh, Littlehill
Longcombe (Langcombe, Grim's Grave)
Lovehavne, Colyton
Lower Piles Wood, Erme
0.
0.
R.
.. iv.
.. iv.
.. xxii.
297
299
207
0.
L.
Rep. .
Rep. .
.. v.
xxii.
.. iv.
xxii.
553
201
510
207
Rep. .
Rep. .
0.
0.
v.
.. iv.
.. ii.
.. vii.
553
510
187
102
Rep. .
0.
.. iv.
.. v.
508
554
Rep. .
Rep. .
Rep. .
Rep. .
.. xxii.
.. xxiii.
.. xxii.
.. i.pt.
206
318
206
5 46
Rep. .
Rep. .
Rep. .
.. iv.
.. ii.
.. i.pt
510
647
5 46
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE. 145
Merrivale . ... Bep.
,, . . ... Bep.
Merrivale Bridge . . ... Bep.
Moreton . . . . L.
Mount Batten, Plymouth. See Stamford Hill,
Plymouth.
Newlake Hill and Wild Tor . . . Bep.
Ookebt Bridge. See Blaekabrook, 800 yards from
Oekery Bridge.
Ockment Hill . ... Rep.
Pen Beacon . . . . . 0.
Plym. See Langeombe Bottom, Plym.
Plym, midway between source of and Eyelesborough Bep.
Powder Mills. See Higher While Tor; see also
Whiten Tor, above Powder Mills.
Prineetown. See Blaekabrook, Roundhill, Royal
HM
Prineetown and Swincombe, road between . . Bep.
Putford . . . B.
Volume
Traiuae- F*8«*
Horn.
iv. 508
iv. 610
iv. 512
xxii. 201
xxii. 189
iv.
ii
189
549
505
510
187
Raddon Hill, between, and Exeter . . . — ... iv. 642
Raybarrow Pool, near . ... Bep. ... xxii. 189
Roundhill (Prineetown) . ... Bep. xxxiii 496, 498
See also Blaekabrook, south of Bound Bill.
Roundhill, near, and near Blaekabrook, Prineetown Bep. ... xxxiii 496
Router Brook, near affluence with Cherry Brook . Bep. ... xxiii. 318
Row Tor Brook. See Bouter Brook.
Royal Hill, one mile south-east of "Crock of Gold " Bep. ... xxii. 205
Royal Hill, near Blaekabrook, Prineetown . . Bep. ... xxxiii 499
Shavbrcombe Head and Trowlesworthy, between Bep. ... iv. 518
Shell Top . . . . 0. ... iv. 507
„ „ . . ... Bep. ... iv. 609
Sheviock, Cornwall See Trethill, Sheviock,
Cornwall.
Shilston, Drewsteignton. See Drewsteignton,
Shilston.
Shuffledown . . ... Bep.
" Single Barrow," Hammeldon Down . . 0.
Sousson's Warren, near Ephraim's Pinch . . Bep.
Stamford Hill, Plymouth . . . 0.
Stannon Hill . . . . . L. .
Steeperton Tor Ridge . ... Bep. .
Stonehouse, Newport Street . . . Bep.JsO..
Swincombe and Prineetown, road between. See
Prineetown and Swincombe, road between.
Threebarrow Tor . . . 0.
Thornworthy, Chagford . . . L.
See also Chagford, Thornworthy.
Thorverton . . . . 0.
Tor Royal, "Crock of Gold" . . . Bep. .
Trethill, Sheviock, Cornwall . . L.
VOL. XXXIV. K
iv. 509
vi 272
xxii 206
i pt. 8 123
xxii 201
xxii 189
xx. 134
v.
xxii
553
202
iii 496
xxii. 204
xxii 202
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
146 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMITTEE.
Trowlesworthy, between, and Shavercombe Head.
See Shavercombe Head and Trowlesworthy,
between.
Trowlesworthy Tor
Upton Ptne . .
Warren Tor . . .
WatchetHill ....
White Tor ....
Whiten Tor (above Powder Mills)
Wild Tor and Newlake Hill See Newlake Hill
and Wild Tor.
Winter Tor . .
Ya* and Corndon Tore, between . .
Yorkshire Wolds . . .
Volame
of
Transac-
tion*.
Page.
Jtep.
iv.
509
0.
.. iv.
642
Rep.
Rep.
Rep.
L.
... iv.
... xxii.
... xxi
... xxii.
508
186
167
201
0.
... zxii.
187
Rep.
L.
... zxii.
... xxii.
204
202
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
ELEVENTH EEPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON
DEVONSHIRE RECORDS.
Eleventh Report of the Committee, consisting of Dr. T. N.
Brushjield, the Bight Rev. the Bishop of Marlborough,
Dean of Exeter [Alfred Earle, D.D.], Bev. Chancellor
Edmonds, D.D., Mr. A. H. A. Hamilton, Mr. J.
Brooking-Bowe (Secretary), and Mr. Edward Wiitdeatt,
for the purpose of investigating and reporting on Manu-
scripts, Becords, or Ancient Documents existing in, or
relating to Devonshire, with the nature of their contents,
their localities, and whether in public or private hands.
Edited by J. Brooking-Rowx, Secretary.
(Read at Bidefoid, July, 1002.)
This Report contains a Calendar of Ancient Documents
relating to the history of the Borough, Manor, and Parish
of Okehampton, which has been received by the Com-
mittee from Sir Roper Lethbridge. These documents are
the property of Mr. J. D. Prickman, of Okehampton, who
has kindly undertaken, with great public spirit, to permit
literary inquirers to search them at his house at Okehamp-
ton, and to provide facilities for the purpose, in recognition
of Sir Roper Lethbridge's work in calendaring them.
Part L— A.D. 1239-1807.
88. a.d. 1239. Transcript from the register of Bishop Stafford
regarding the parish church of Oke'ton and the rights of the
Prior of the monastery of Cowick.
89. a.d. 1239. Ancient transcript in Latin of Bishop Stafford's
order relating to parish church of Oke'ton in the gift of the
Priory of Cowick.
162. About a.d. 1240. Translation of a charter granted by
Sir Robert Courtenay to the borough of Oke'ton.
k 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
148 ELEVENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
163. a.d. 1280. Translation of a deed of exchange between
Sir Hugh Courtenay and the Portreeve and Burgesses of Oke'ton.
248. a.d. 1445. Grant by Thomas Payne to Andrew White,
Thomas Scargill, and others of lands in Stebenhill.
175. a.d. 1550. Grant by Roger Hereford de Sutton in com.
Hereford, and Johannes Predyaux, of the Inner Temple, to
William Canne, John Ball, and Edmund Ffurse, of Oke'ton,
of certain annual rents or "Anniversaries," charged on lands
called Polslade, in Oke'ton; also lands in Bow and elsewhere,
that had been left by Margaret V. . ., William Cottell, John
Ffrynde, Robert Davyes, Robert Growden, and others, for super-
stitious uses in the chapel of Brightley.
193. a.d.' 1587. Grant by Theophilus Adams and Thomas
Butler to Henrye Webburye, Oliver Downe, John Furres, and
Edmonde Canne, of Okeharapton, of certain annual rents that
had been left " unto the perpetual sustentation of any Preste or
prestes whatsever, lights, obytts, or such like superstitious uses,
or any of them in the parish church in Okehampton and in the
chapel of St. James in Okehampton.1'
192. a.d. 1588. An exemplification taken for Oliver Downe,
gentleman, in the thirty-first year of Queen Elizabeth, of the
grant by King Edward VI. to Roger Hereford and John
Predeaux "of the Chaunterre Lands in Ockehampton " (see
a.d. 1550).
a.d. 1589. I. An " inspeximus " reciting a grant by King
Edward VI., in 1549, to Roger Hereford, of Sutton, and John
Prideaux, of lands in Oke'ton, Bow, and elsewhere, formerly
given by Margaret Aysshe, widow, and other persons for super-
stitious uses in the Church of Oke'ton, and in the Chapel of
St. James, in Oke'ton, and the Chantry of Brightley, lately dis-
solved, in the parish of Okehampton.
212. a.d. 1611. Title-deeds of the rectory of Oke'ton and
of Hooper's house and other lands in Okehampton parish.
Finalis concordia between John Calmady and wife, Thomas
Calmady and John Alford (formerly Town Clerk of Oke'ton),
regarding the manor of Chichacott and other lands in Oke'ton.
213. a.d. 1611. Title-deeds of the rectory of Okehampton.
Finalis concordia between Peter Ebbsworthy and Susannah his
wife, and Egidius Inglett, regarding manor of Chichacott and
other lands in Oke'ton.
41. a.d. 1620. Original Court Roll for 1620 of the borough
of Oke'ton, with lists of the Mayor and Corporation, and the
homage ; in the handwriting of John Alford, the steward.
24. a.d. 1620. Transcript of the Court Roll of the borough of
Oke'ton (see 41).
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
OK DEVONSHIRE RECORDS. 149
187. a.d. 1624. Conveyance of lands "in the middest of
Okeharapton nigh to the Crosse there," in the occupation of
John Rattenhury (Mayor), by Kichard Bowden, Clerke, Vycar
of Oke'ton, William Growdon, John Rattenhury, gent., William
Webbery, Richard Can, Peter Rattenhury, and Robert Cole — and
other lands and premises in Oke'ton — to the Mayor and Burgesses
of Oke'ton.
85. About a.d. 1650. Memo, on suit between Calmady and
Pollexfen, of Wembury, regarding payment of tithes.
48. a.d. 1651. Conveyance by Charles Austin to Thomas Carter
of houses and lands in the middle Row, Oke'ton.
252. a.d. 1652. Finalis concordia between John Bremelcombe,
Christopher Drewe, Richard Bowyer, and Hester Gayer, widow,
and Peter Austyn and Sarah his wife, Ursula Austyn, widow, and
Robert Rattenhury and Patience his wife, of lands in the borough
of Oke'ton, also Springett and Heath-hill in Inwardleigh.
138. a.d. 1660. Conveyance by Simon Hussey, of Halberton,
fuller, son and legatee of John Hussey, clerk, late Vicar of
Okehampton, to Thomas Hussey, of Okehampton, gentleman, his
brother, of lands in the occupation of John Wonnacott, in the
manor of Chichacott. Mentions Elizabeth Hussey and many
o there.
134. a.d. 1669. Deed of feoffment relating to an eighth part
of the Broom -closes or the Fern -closes in Oke'ton, by Elizabeth
Hytt to John Gayer.
191. a.d. 1670. Grant by John Harris of premises in Oke'ton.
214. a.d. 1674. Title-deeds of the rectory of Oke'ton.
Conveyance by William Nosse, of the parish of Ingerly, and
Mary his wife, to William Ball, of Dartmouth, of lands on
Shobb Hill and elsewhere in Oke'ton.
215. a.d. 1674. Lease for one year by William Nosse, of the
parish of Ingerly, and Mary his wife, sister of Lancelot Calmady,
of lands on Shobb Hill and elsewhere in the parish of Oke'ton.
Witnesses, Silvester Norris, Thomas Bagott, and William Hyde.
216. a.d. 1675. Title-deeds of rectory of Oke'ton. Convey-
ance by Mrs. Hester Caunter to her son, William Caunter, of
lands in Oke'ton.
262. a.d. 1678. Survey of the estate of Burnham and other
lands, the property of Jeffery Morth.
57. a.d. 1687. Lease to Richard Shebbear by John Shebbear
the Mayor and ffeoffees of Oke'ton, of Northmore House in Fore
Street, and other lands in Oke'ton. (Many signatures of the
period, including good ones of Richard Reynell and John
Northmore.)
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
150 ELEVENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
229. a.d. 1715. Conveyance by the Earl of Abingdon (good
signature and arms), the Honble. James Bertie, and Sir William
Courtenay, of Powderham Castle (excellent signature and arms),
to John Hollacombe, of lands in the manor of Woolsgiove in the
parish of Sandford.
92. a.d. 1716. Induction of John Bagwell, clerk (on presenta-
tion of John Hussey, gentleman). Thereon a suit of quare
impedit was instituted in Chancery. Counsel's opinion is given
as to his right to recover tithes, Henry Walrond being the counsel.
189. a.d. 1719. Lease of Meldon Manor by Thomas Pitt, of
Old Sarum (brother of Pitt, Earl of Chatham), to Richard Boyer,
who covenants to render the accustomed suit and service to the
said Thomas Pitt's Court, to be holden for his manor of Oke-
hampton.
110. a.d. 1719. Conveyance by Thomas Pitt (M.P. for Oke'ton
from 1727-1754, afterwards M.P. for Old Sarum, and brother of
the great Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister, who succeeds him as
member for Oke'ton in 1755 ; good seal and signature of Thomas
Pitt) to Joseph Goodman (father of Rebecca Cuningham, who
was the sister-in-law of Grace Lethbridge), of Drews Barton and
other lands in the borough of Oke'ton.
31. a.d. 1720. Lease by Thomas Pitt (brother of the Earl of
Chatham and M.P. for Oke'ton), of Northwood in Oke'ton to
John Westaway.
97. a.d 1724. Conveyance of premises on Shob Hill, in
Oke'ton, by John Howard to his son, Andrew Howard. Witnesses,
Henry Luxmoore and Thomas Denis.
90. a.d. 1726. Case with counsel's opinion as to right of
presentation to the vicarage of Oke'ton; gives a history of the
vicarage with its incumbents from the earliest times, with the
pedigree of the Husseys, who were vicars during several generations.
79. a.d. 1727. Two copies of the Terrier of the vicarage of
Oke'ton, signed T. Edwards, Clerk.
159. a.d. 1728. Conveyance by John Harris, of Hayne, to
John Luxmoore, of premises and lands on Shobb Hill, Oke'ton,
adjacent to the lands of Gyles Risdon, and bounded by the
highway on the north.
168. a.d. 1730 Marriage Settlement between John Ellacott
and Mrs. Winifred Cole, with the title deeds of Ellacott's house
and Ellacott's Broadmoor in Okehampton.
179. a.d. 1731. Conveyance by Edmond Gasking and Hannah
his wife, to John ffrayne, of premises in Oke'ton, held from the
Mayor and Burgesses of Oke'ton on ShobhilL Witness, John
Luxmoore.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
ON DEVONSHIRE RECORDS. 151
264. a.d. 1733. Marriage Settlement of James Newcombe, of
Exbourne, and Mary Douston, of Throwley, settling Hole Down
alias Woodford Down, in Exbourne.
186. a.d. 1733. Conveyance of Broadmoor in Oke'ton, by
Roger Williams, John Cole, and Cicely his wife, to John Luxmoore.
253. a.d. 1739. Counsel's opinion on various questions con-
cerning tithes.
223. a.d. 1743. Conveyance by Mary Clarke, of Oke'ton, widow
and executrix of Richard Clarke, John Pearse, of Oke'ton, to Ann
Carter, of Oke'ton, widow, and Joseph Carter, of Oke'ton, of
lands in Oke'ton, after the death of Gilbert Lopus, alias Port-
ingal. Witnesses, John Luxmoore and John Cudmoore.
222. a.d. 1744. Conveyance by Nathaniel Carpenter, of
Dunheved, alias Launceston, Samuel Harris, of Launceston,
Christopher Warren, of Werrington, Elizabeth his wife, and
George Warren his son, to John Luxmoore, of Oke'ton, of a
tenement and mansion called the Swan, and other lands in
Oke'ton.
91. a.d. 1746. Letter from Nicholas Geare, Bishop's registrar,
to the Rev. Mr. Hocking, vicar of Oke'ton, forwarding copy of
a determination made by the then Bishop of Exeter, in 1417,
in consequence of a disagreement between the Prior and monks
of Cowyk, proprietors of the parish church of Oke'ton, alias
Okementon, and John Newcomb, vicar, which quotes an ordina-
tion said to be made by a former bishop of Exeter, dealing with
the church of Oke'ton, with its appurts, and "ye chapell of ye
castle of Okementon with its appurts with ye consent of
Curtenay the patron."
173. a.d. 1748. Lease by Mayor and Burgesses of Oke'ton to
William Luxmoore, of Oke'ton, gent., of Ball Meadow, near
Ffathaford Ball, in Oke'ton.
46. About a.d. 1750. Memo, of high-rents paid by Mr. Pitt,
m.p., to the borough of Oke'ton for Bennett's lands, Bailey's
lands, part of Cann's, part of Chapel's lands, part of Ebbs-
worthy's lands, Moore's lands, Prest's lands, etc.
275. a.d. 1755. Memoranda on an action of Thomas Pitt
as one of the Lords of the manor of Oke'ton, against Bartholomew
Gidley and others.
21. a.d. 1755. Letter from Thomas Pitt (brother of the great
Earl of Chatham), M.P. for Oke'ton, and Lord of the Manor,
to John Luxmoore, regarding fines and chief rents.
44. a.d. 1758. Receipt from Thomas Pitt, M.P., sighed by
John Luxmoore, to the receiver of the town revenues (Henry
Luxmoore), £12 for a year's chief-rent
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
152 ELEVENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
84. a.d. 1760. Abstract of title of Thomas Arscott to an eighth
part of Stockleigh, in Oke'ton, part of the manor of Oke'ton,
belonging to Peter Courtenay before 1673.
94. a.d. 1766. Case with counsel's opinion as to right of
presentation to vicarage of Oke'ton, with abstract of title, list of
vicars, etc.
171. a.d. 1767. Lease by Henry Luxmoore and Grace Courtis
(afterwards his wife), of Bowerland, in Oke'ton, to John Lux-
moore.
135. a.d. 1776. Memo, in handwriting of John Luxmoore
that his brother, Dr. Henry Luxmoore, had not paid Lord Clive's
town-rent for the year 1776.
95. a.d. 1778. Certificate of induction of Thomas Pearce
Hocking, clerk ; witnesses, George Bickford and John Luxmoore.
93. a.d. 1778. Certificate of Thomas Pearce Hocking, clerk,
haying read himself in according to law.
96. a.d. 1778. Certificates of Thomas Pearce Hocking as true
patron of the living of Oke'ton, vacant by the death of John
Hocking, clerk, his father, under the will of the said John
Hocking, who was patron ; also two certificates of ordination
of the said Thomas Pearce Hocking as deacon and priest.
87. a.d. 1778. T. P. Hocking's declaration of conformity on
being instituted to the vicarage of Oke'ton.
86. a.d. 1778. Institution of Thomas Pearce Hocking to the
vicarage of Oke'ton.
172. a.d. 1780. Case (with counsel's opinion — Dunning, after-
wards Lord Ashburton) regarding the power of the Mayor and
Burgesses of Oke'ton.
80. a.d. 1782. Case, with counsel's opinion, regarding the
rights of the vicar of Oke'ton to claim tithes on strangers' cattle
depastured in Oke'ton Park.
66. a.d. 1786. Assessment for the aid granted to His Majesty
by a land tax in the parish of Oke'ton for the year 1786. Full
statement of every owner and occupier in Oke'ton.
281. a. d. 1786. Account rendered to the Duke of Bedford
and Earl Spencer by John Luxmoore and his son, Thomas
Bridgman Luxmoore, for various expenses connected with the
election and with the feoffment of the borough.
43. a.d. 1786. Memo, showing that John Luxmoore obtained
Furze Ball from Mrs. Cuningham, and had bought Jordan's Ball
close to Robert's land.
59. a.d. 1787. Will of John Rattenbury, Mayor of Oke'ton,
devising sundry lands in the borough of Oke'ton.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
ON DEVONSHIRE RECORDS. 153
45. a.d. 1787. Marriage Settlement of William Moore and
Catherine Pedlar.
54. A.D. 1788. Receipt by Thomas B. Luxmoore on behalf of
Earl Spencer to Henry Luxmoore as Receiver of the borough for
chief rents due from the borough to the manor.
26. a.d. 1789. Reference to offer of Hocking, clerk, vicar of
Oke'ton, to sell the advowson of Oke'ton, said to be worth £400
per annum, and all tithes, except corn, for £5,000.
197. A.D. 1789. Book of costs of Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore
against the Mayor and Burgesses of the borough of Oke'ton, with
full particulars of {feoffments and other legal proceedings.
78. a.d. 1789. Presentation by Richard Hole, patron of the
living of Oke'ton, of Humphry Aram Hole, clerk, to the
vicarage of Oke'ton, with the Chapel of St. James, in the
borough of the said parish of Oke'ton, annexed.
180. a.d. 1789. Counsel's opinion (Messrs. Morris and Gibbs)
relating to the question whether the Mayor or the Portreeve is
the proper Returning Officer in a Parliamentary Election at
Oke'ton.
127. a.d. 1789. Letters from Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore
regarding candidature of Lord Maiden as the nominee of Lord
Spencer. Also letter to his brother, John Luxmoore, at Eton,
afterwards Bishop of St Asaph.
32. a.d. 1789. Case with counsel's opinion regarding question
whether Mayor or Portreeve of Oke'ton is returning officer in
parliamentary elections.
123. a.d. 1789. Letters from Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore
relating to the sale of advowson of Okehampton ; also regarding
the sale of the manor of Oke'ton by Earl Spencer to Lord
Clive, and of the repurchase thereof by Earl Spencer in 1751.
Also his letter to William Roberts regarding his title to Higher
and Lower Town Living and Eastawill Downs, in Exbourne,
inherited from his mother's father, George Bent, in 1744.
30. a.d. 1790. Answer of Robert Hawkes to the action of the
Mayor and Burgesses of the borough of Okehampton regarding
the right of the Portreeve, instead of the Mayor, to return
xneinbers to Parliament.
126. a.d. 1790. Case with counsel's opinion as to validity
of occasional freeholders in the borough of Oke'ton.
69. a.d. 1790. Case with opinion regarding the rights of the
borough justices to remove paupers to other parishes.
185. a.d. 1790. Letter to Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore to
make an appointment for him to see the Duke of Bedford with
Colonel St. Leger, M,P. for Okehampton.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
154 ELEVENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
164. a.d. 1790. Affidavit of Charles Luxmoore (with fair
copy) as to rights of Mayor to be returning officer, reciting the
charters of Sir Eobert Courtenay and Sir Hugh Courtenay, and
all the history of the borough of Oke'ton.
140. a.d. 1790. Minutes by Mr. Collipgs as to statements of
ffeoffees of the borough of Oke'ton relating to a new deed of
feoffment
146. a. d. 1790. Account of Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore against
Earl Spencer for election expenses of 1790.
72. a.d. 1790. Case with counsel's opinion regarding the
power of the borough justices in matters concerning the paupers
of Oke'ton.
120. a.d. 1790. Amended Bill in Chancery of the Mayor and
Burgesses of Oke'ton against Robert Hawkes, giving full par-
ticulars of the history of the borough.
62. a.d. 1790. Case with counsel's opinion as to the jurisdiction
of the borough justices of Oke'ton.
61. a. d. 1790. Case with counsel's opinion as to claim of the
eldest son of a freeman of the borough of Oke'ton to be himself
a freeman.
53. a.d. 1790. Letters from Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore
relating to the action of the vicar of Oke'ton against Vicary, re
St. James' Chapel.
103. a.d. 1790. Petition of Thomas B. Luxmoore, Christopher
Lethbridge, and other Freemen of Oke'ton, to the House of
Commons, stating that at the last election T. B. Luxmoore was
Mayor, and duly returned John St. Leger and Robert Ladbroke
as members ; but that one John Hawkes, under colour of being
Portreeve of Oke'ton, returned John William Anderson and John
Townson illegally as the petitioners declare. [This petition was
successful.]
22. a.d. 1790. Letter from Charles Luxmoore, of the Temple,
to Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore enclosing a sketch of the title
to the lordship of the borough of Okehampton, together with
the pedigrees of Luxmoore, Hooper, and Lyrabear, in whom the
lordship was vested as ffeoffees.
25. a.d. 1790. Letter from Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore
regarding the relations between the manor of Oke'ton and the
borough of Oke'ton.
119. a.d. 1791. Petition of the Mayor and Burgesses of Oke'ton
against Robert Hawkes, ffeoffee of the borough.
83. a.d. 1791. Answer of Humphry Aram Hole, John Hawkes,
Philip Hawkes, Philip Warren, James Coleman Bridges, and
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
ON DEVONSHIKE RECORDS. 155
John Webber, to the action brought against them by the Mayor
and Burgesses of the borough of Oke'ton.
121. a. d. 1791. Case with counsel's opinion as to the distress
for poor rate levied by the overseers of Oke'ton, by the orders of
the Mayor, on the Kev. H. A. Hole, vicar of Oke'ton.
195. a.d. 1791. Bill in Chancery of the Mayor and Burgesses
of Oke'ton and of the Kev. Francis Huish, vicar of the vicarage
and parish church of Oke'ton, and the Kev. Robert Tanner, clerk,
chaplain of the chapel of St. James, Edward Knapman, and
Abraham Palmer, churchwardens, Albany Savile, Thomas Bridg-
man Luxmoore, Coryndon Luxmoore, John Colling, Solon
Luxmoore, John Piece, Philip Warren, George Lethbridge, and
Henry Jope, gentlemen, the Principal Burgesses, and Thomas
Cartwright, John Marsh, gentlemen, Robert Tanner, clerk
Thomas Trade, butcher, William Heanes Carpenter, Wool Stapler,
George Lacey, grocer, and John Carpenter, timber merchant, the
Assistant Burgesses or Common Councilmen of the said town or
borough, against John Hawkes regarding the parish or church
lands and common lands, etc.
207. a.d. 1791. Answer of Robert Hawkes to the amended
Bill of Complaint of the Mayor and Burgesses of Oke'ton.
184. A.D. 1791. Full papers, with depositions, etc., in case of
Hole versus Luxmoore and Vickry in the Bishop's Consistory
Court relating to the Chapel of St. James in Oke'ton.
158. a.d. 1791. Bill of costs of Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore
for 1788-1791, against Earl Spencer, in proceedings relating to
the borough and manor of Oke'ton.
139. a.d. 1791. Reply of Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore in the
case of Hole, clerk, v. Luxmoore and Vickry, regarding St.
James' Chapel, Oke'ton.
114. a.d. 1791. Case with counsel's opinion as to whether the
legal estate in the borough and borough courts of Oke'ton is
vested in the Mayor and Burgesses.
113. a.d. 1791. Case with counsel's opinion as to the charter
by which the borough of Oke'ton is governed.
16. a.d. 1791. Case regarding Charles Luxmoore's votes for
members of Parliament for Okehampton as impropriator of the
great tithes and various properties in the borough.
27. a.d. 1792. Accounts of the Manor Courts of Oke'ton held
on behalf of Earl Spencer, also subscription by Earl Spencer to
Okehampton Charity School, paid by John Luxmoore; also
insurance premium for £600 paid by John Luxmoore to
Christopher Lethbridge, of Launceston (good signature); also
memorandum of chief-rent paid to Charles Luxmoore (probably as
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
156 ELEVENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
owner of one-eighth of manor) of $d. for one-eighth of Riddon,
2d. for one-eighth of Higher Bowden, and 2d. for one-eighth of
Stewerton Cleaves.
47. a.d. 1792. Account of chief-rents payable by the borough
of Okehampton, £16 10*. per annum to Earl Spencer.
98. a.d. 1793. Suit of John Luxmoore, Henry Luxmoore, and
John Rattenbury, sued by the Mayor and Burgesses of Oke'ton.
77. a.d. 1794. Letter from solicitor to T. B. Luxmoore re-
lating to the suit between Humphrey Aram Hole, vicar of Oke'ton,
against T. B. Luxmoore regarding the chapel of St. James.
50. a.d. 1794. Drafts of several Letters from T. B. Luxmoore
relating to St. James1 Chapel, Oke'ton.
266. a.d. 1794. Robert Hemberow, bill for dinner, etc., on
occasion of Manor Court of the Rt Honble. Earl Spencer,
Oke'ton.
233. a.d. 1794. Receipt of John Cadding for his salary as
Ranger of Okehampton Park to the Rt Honble. the Earl Spencer.
257. a.d. 1795. Receipt from Robert Hemberow for expenses
on the occasion of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales' Court in
Oke'ton.
267. a.d. 1795. Receipts by Christopher Lethbridge, of Laun-
ceston, for payments by Earl Spencer on account of insurances in
Oke'ton.
232. a.d. 1795. Receipt from John Cadding for his salary
from H.R.H. the Prince of Wales (by the hand of Thomas
Bridgman Luxmoore) as Ranger of H.R.H.'s wood in Oke'ton.
261. a.d. 1796. Lease of Exbourne parsonage by John Tatter-
shall and Simon Westlake (as executors of Joseph Rowe) to
George Hill, of Jacobstowe.
117. a.d. 1796. Three papers in the action of Hole v
Vickry and Luxmoore regarding the Chapel of St. James, show-
ing that the action of Vickry and Luxmoore was supported by
Richard Bateman Robson, M.P. for Oke'ton, and the Duke of
Bedford as a political point.
116. a.d. 1796. Interrogatories in the action of Hole, vicar of
Oke'ton, versus Vickry and Luxmoore, regarding the Chapel of
St. James.
240. a.d. 1797. Draft settlement of £500 by Miss Ann
Medland, of Exbourne, to her trustee, Simon Westlake, of
Exbourne (her father, William Medland, yeoman, of Exbourne,
being deceased), on her marriage with Henry Morrish Spry, of
Plymouth Dock.
145. a.d. 1797. Award of Arbitrators between the Duke of
Bedford and Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore regarding expenses
of election of 1796.
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ON DEVONSHIRE RECORDS. 157
265. a.d. 1798. Draft Conveyance by Elizabeth Ley to John
Hawkes of lands in Inwardleigh, Northlew, and Exbourne, in-
cluding Curworthy Manor, in Inwardleigh, and Higher and Lower
Town Living with the Vineyard in Exbourne.
246. a.d. 1798. Letters from Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore
relating to the election of General St. Leger in 1790; also
relating to the sale by Mr. Luxmoore of an estate called Fish-
leigh, in Hatherleigh, to Mr. Pilkington.
244. a.d. 1798. Draft conveyance by executors of Charles
Luxmoore of lands in Hatherleigh.
64. a.d. 1798. Case with counsel's opinion relating to the
election of the present mayor of Oke'ton who, it was asserted,
had been the servant of Mr. Clack, and not properly elected
an Assistant, and had not taken the Sacrament for 12 months
before his election. The circumstances of this election and
various elections of Assistants in the borough are given at length,
with lists of the Corporation voting. [A very interesting docu-
ment.]
238. a.d. 1798. Draft Conveyance by executors of Charles
Luxmoore to Henry Holland, M.P. for Oke'ton, of estates in
Oke'ton parish.
230. a.d. 1798. Conditions of Survey with names of bidders
and amounts of bids for lands in the manor of South Tawton
and Zele, belonging to George Fursdon, of Fursdon House.
Lot 5 was held on the life of Thomas Lethbridge, who lived
to about one hundred.
9. a.d. 1798. Receipt by R. B. Robson, m.p., for 18 pre-
sentments, from 1749-1778, of the manor of Oke'ton, received
from Thomas Bridgman Luxmoore.
3. a.d. 1798. Conveyance of one-eighth of the manor of Oke-
hampton by trustees of Charles Luxmoore to John Hawkes.
The chief-rents of the manor are recited in full.
109. a.d. 1799. Conveyance by trustees of Charles Luxmoore
to John Hawkes and others [trustees of Albany Savile] of lands
and premises in the borough of Oke'ton.
131. About a.d. 1800. Letter from Albany Savile to William
Burd, dated Sweetlands, Oke'ton.
176. About a.d. 1800. Rent-roll, with rating, tithes, etc., of
Albany Savile, in Oke'ton and Inwardleigh.
28. About a.d. 1801. Speech of Mr. Adams for the two
Mr. Thellussons, the defeated candidates, against the return of
Holland and Strange, in 1801, before the Committee of the
House of Commons. Refers to Christopher Lethbridge and other
freemen of Oke'ton.
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158 ELEVENTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
51. a.d. 1801. Case for counsel's opinion as to right of making
honorary freemen of the borough of Oke'ton.
170. a.d. 1801. Cases, with counsel's opinion, as to the right
of the Mayor of Oke'ton to nominate the people's churchwarden.
218. a.d. 1801. Case, with counsel's opinion, as to the right
of the Mayor to appoint one of the Churchwardens. [In 1756
Counsellor Henley said No.]
227. a.d. 1802. Conveyance of Drew's house in North lane,
Oke'ton, by Samuel Landick to John Easterbrooke.
263. a.d. 1803. Abstract of title from the year 1773 of
houses and lands in the borough of Oke'ton, voted upon in the
election of 1802 (including the "Post Boy" and Drew's house).
219. a.d. 1803. Proceedings of the House of Commons
Oke'ton Election Committee, with full minutes of the evidence
as to the property in Oke'ton.
194. a.d. 1801. Conveyance by the trustees of Charles
Luxmoore to the trustees of Albany Savile of the rectory of
Oke'ton and the great tithes thereof.
52. a.d. 1802. Case for counsel's opinion (with opinion of Sir
John Nicholl) as to the right of the Mayor of Oke'ton to appoint
a Churchwarden.
40. a.d. 1802. Letter from H. Holland, jun., M.P. for Oke'ton
(franked " H. Holland "), relating to " the present confused state
of the property of the Borough and the duties of the receivership
of the Borough."
37. a.d. 1802. The account of John Colling, Mayor of Oke'ton,
against the Corporation for January, 1801, allowed by Christopher
Lethbridge, Solon Luxmoore, and Coryndon Luxmoore.
108. a.d. 1802. Copy of the Poll, Oke'ton, with votes given
for Holland and Strange, and those given for Peter Thellusson
and G. W. Thellusson.
125. a.d. 1802. Case with Sir John Nicholl's opinion as to
the Mayor of Oke'ton appointing Churchwardens.
202. a.d. 1802. List of the votes polled at Oke'ton in the
election of 1802, with proceedings and objections to voters.
102. a.d. 1803. List of persons willing to serve in the Loyal
Okehampton Volunteers.
130. a.d. 1803. Report of the Committee of the House of
Commons on the Oke'ton Election.
141. a.d. 1803. Case regarding waste in manor of Sampford
Courtenay.
142. a.d. 1804. Counsel's opinion regarding law of waste in
a manor.
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ON DEVONSHIRE RECORDS. 159
75. a.d. 1805. Measurement and map of Fern-closes in the
borough of Oke'ton, belonging one-eighth to T. B. Luxmoore, and
seven-eighths to H. Holland, m.p.
270. a.d. 1806. Letter from Bartholomew Gidley relating to
a mortgage on lands in Crediton.
250. ad. 1806. Marriage Settlement of Mr. John Hooper
and Miss Elizabeth Medland. Trustees: Thomas Medland, of
Exbourne (her father), and John Budd, jun., of Dolton, settling
an annuity charged on Higher Chapel in Dolton.
100. a.d. 1806. Conveyance by Henry Jole to John Coward
Williams, of Lang's House, in the borough of Oke'ton, part of
the borough lands.
137. a.d. 1806. Conveyance by Richard Bateman Eobson, M.P.
for Okehampton (originally named Holland), of premises in
Oke'ton, between Park Lane and Castle Lane, called Bondsfield,
otherwise Little Lees.
282. a.d. 1807. Minutes of Hustings, 8th and 9th May, 1807,
with notes of votes given for Savile, Robson, and Wardle.
101. About a.d. 1807. Three Lists of the freemen of the
borough of Oke'ton, showing (1) those favourable to Mr. Holland,
(2) those against the present members, (3) those doubtful.
165. About a.d. 1807. Protest of the Independent Electors of
Oke'ton against Albany Savile's faggots.
150. a.d. 1807. Accounts of the election of 1807 for liquor,
etc., for the friends of G. L. Wardle, m.p.
42. a.d. 1807. Bill of the Butcher and Ox Inn, George Smale,
for liquor supplied to friends of C. W. Wardle during the election.
272. a.d. 1807. Receipts for liquor and food supplied from
the fourth to the twelfth of May to the friends of G. L.
Wardle, m.p., among the electors of Oke'ton.
36. a.d. 1807. Receipt by Mary Tucker, of the Star Inn,
Oke'ton, of £13 4s. for liquor drawn for friends of G. L. Wardle
during the election.
104. a.d. 1807. Letter to Mr. Wardle, M.P., relating to the
petition by R. B. Robson against the election of Wardle and
Savile in that year.
167. a.d. 1807. Letter from G. L. Wardle, M.P. for Oke-
hampton, regarding Mr. Robson's petition against his return.
169. a.d. 1807. Poll of the Election of 1807, showing all the
votes recorded for Wardle, Savile, and Robson.
234. a.d. 1812. Conditions of Sale with bids and names of
bidders for East Town and Honeychurch Mill, in the parish of
Honeychurch, sold at the New Inn at Sampford Courtenay.
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EIGHTH REPORT OF THE DARTMOOR
EXPLORATION COMMITTEE.
Eighth Report of the Committee, consisting of the Rev. I. K.
Anderson, Mr. R. Bwmard, the Rev. S. Baring-Gvuld
(Secretary), Mr. J. D. Bode, Mr. J. Brookirig-Rowe, and
Mr. R. Hansford Worth, for the purpose of exploring
Dartmoor.
Edited by the Rev. S. Baring-Gould, Secretary.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
Standon, commonly known as Stannon Down, Sheet 98,
N.E., Ordnance Survey, is crowned by Standon Hill, and
this again is dominated by high ground rising to over 1,700
feet, lying between the great loop of the Tavy, which, rising
not far from Walkham Head, flows almost due north, then
turning toward the west trends away in a southerly direction
through the romantic gorge of Tavy Cleave.
On the left bank of the Tavy, on the north-west slope of
Standon, is a level plateau about 200 feet above the bed of
the river. This is wet and boggy, but where it slopes gently
toward the west the ground is dry and boulder-strewn. On
this favourable surface are the remains of over seventy hut
circles in a fair state of preservation. In some the walls are
massive, 3 to 4 feet high, built up with large stones placed
vertically ; others again appear to have been rebuilt so as to
form shelters for sheep and shepherds.
None of the huts examined contained raised platforms of
stone, as at Grimspound, Shapley Common, and Broad Down;
but some of the circles had interior walls forming inner
compartments. The floors of many of the huts were regu-
larly and wholly paved with flat stones, and nearly all had
some. This accounts for the paucity of the finds, for pot-
sherds and other articles could get no further than the
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>o
fi
oo
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REPORT OF DARTMOOR EXPLORATION COMMITTEE. 161
paving. Where the floor is earthen they have a chance of
preservation, for they pass through this medium and thus
ensure some manner of protection.
A reference to the accompanying plan will show the great
extent and importance of this prehistoric village. Many
of the huts appear to have been connected by walls forming
a complicated system of cattle and sheep pens. There is no
suggestion of protection from anything but the weather
and possibly predatory animals. As far as this went it
must have been effective, but doubtless somewhat smelly.
It was warm, and in the winter this must have been a great
consideration.
Forty-three hut circles were explored during June of last
year, occupying the attention of four men for eight days.
Some members of the Committee were present during the
whole of the time occupied in digging.
The survey was carried out with the utmost care, and the
result is a plan of great interest and importance. There is
a water-supply in the village between huts numbered 35 and
53, and this never failed during the dry summer of last
year.
Details of Exploration (all boulders and stones granite,
unless otherwise specified) : —
Hut Circle No. 1. Circular, but irregular. No entrance
visible. Floor paved with thin, flat stones, and on this some
wood charcoal, part of a rim of a pot ornamented with
twisted thong pattern and some fragments of the wall of
the vessel, three small sparry pebbles, and a dozen " cook-
ing " stones, some fired.
Hut Circle No. 2. Remains of entrance. One door jamb
fallen, the other standing. Several " cooking " stones.
Hut Circle No. 3. Very irregular and ruined. Some wood
charcoal, a rubbing stone, and a few " cooking " stones.
Hut Circle No. 4. No sign of human occupation.
Hut Circle No. 5. A good deal of wood charcoal and
some "cooking" stones.
Hut Circle No. 6. Wood charcoal, " cooking " stones, some
small sparry pebbles, and a large Tavy pebble, 6 inches long,
3£ inches wide, and 1£ inch thick. Had been used as a
pounder; one end much bruised.
Hut Circle No. 7. A little wood charcoal and a few sparry
pebbles.
Hut Circle No. 8. Blank.
VOL. XXXIV. L
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162 EIGHTH EEPORT OF THE
Hut Circle No. 9. " Cooking " stones, a small sherd of
reddish pottery, and a slate showing half of perforation.
Hut Circle No. 10. A large river pebble 12 inches long,
smooth surfaces, no sign of use; "cooking" stones; sparry
pebbles and peat ashes.
Hut Circle No. 11. Another large river pebble and a
roughly shaped broken stone which might have served as a
weight or upper stone of a rude quern.
Hut Circle No. 12. Fragments of peat, indicating turf
used as fuel ; flint flake with some secondary working ; a
large pebble, a " cooking " stone, and smaller pebbles which
may have served as sling-stones.
Hut Circle No. 13. A few potsherds, not ornamented ;
large pebble which had been used as a pounder ; a "cooking "
stone and pebbles of the sling-stone type.
Hut Circle No. 14. Blank.
Hut Circle No. 15. Yielded one small potsherd.
Hut Circle No. 16. A considerable amount of pottery,
portions of a shallow pot, and some " cooking " stones.
Hut Circle No. 17. A well-preserved hut circle ; wall in
good condition. A little charcoal and a " cooking " stone.
Hut Circle No. 18. A few "cooking" stones and small
pebbles.
Hut Circle No. 19. One small piece of pottery, river
pebbles of various sizes, and a little charcoal.
Hut Circle No. 20. Both door jambs standing ; " cooking "
stones and a worked flint flake of the knife typa
Hut Circle No. 21. "Kubber" stone, small pebbles, and
charcoal.
Hut Circle No. 22. Peat ashes, "calm" or subsoil reddened
with fire, and a very large broken pebbla
Hut Circle No. 23. More large pebbles and a lump of
Horndon Blue (local stone).
Hut Circle No. 24. Yielded some " cooking " stones.
Hut Circle No. 25. Large and small pebbles and a flint
flake.
Hut Circle No. 26. A fragment of flint.
Hut Circle No. 27. Blank.
Hut Circle No. 28. A large pebble, 15 inches by 11 inches
by 5 inches, and four " cooking " stones.
Hut Circle No. 29. More large pebbles and "cooking"
stones.
Hut Circle No. 30. Blank.
Hut Circle No. 31. Pebbles and a " rubber " stone.
Hut Circle No. 32. " Cooking " stones.
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DARTMOOR EXPLORATION COMMITTEE. 163
Hut Circle No. 33. A pebble 20 inches by 12 inches by
9 inches.
Hut Circle No. 34. Three " cooking " stones.
Hut Circle No. 35. A " rubber " and " cooking " stone.
Hut Circle No. 36. Blank.
Hut Circle No. 37. Small pebbles and a piece of micaceous
slate.
Hut Circle No. 38. Portion of a hone, a very large river
pebble, and a few " cooking " stones.
Hut Circle No. 39. A " rubber " and a " cooking " stone,
and a small crystal of quartz which has the appearance of
having been rubbed down.
Hut Circle No. 40. Blank.
Hut Circle No. 41. One of the rebuilt circles ; no finds.
Hut Circle No. 42. A fragment of flint and some " cooking "
stones.
Hut Circle No. 43. Small pebbles, one potsherd, and a
"cooking" stone.
The little pottery found was hand-made and the ornament-
ation of the early Bronze Age type. No cooking or fire holes
were observed. Pebbles which had been fired and then
used for cooking purposes were numerous.
No metal of any kind was found. None has yet been
discovered in any of the Dartmoor hut circles.
Flint objects were few and far' between, and those which
turned up were unimportant.
• The feature of the exploration was the pebbles.
Some very large ones were suitable for use as anvils and
pounders, smaller examples possibly as sling-stones, whilst
the small sparry pebbles might have been used as counters
in games.
There is an inexhaustible supply of pebbles in the bed of
the Tavy.
The fuel used was wood and peat. Some of the huts had
plenty of charcoal and ashes strewn about their floors, indi-
cating considerable occupation.
Notwithstanding this, very little was found, nor could any
traces of middens be discovered outside the huts.
The only other hut circles explored during last summer
were three out of a small group of four on the newtake
south-east of Fernworthy. Only one of these gave any sign
of human use, in the shape of a little charcoal and one frag-
ment of flint.
L 2
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164 EIGHTH REPORT OF THE
About 350 yards south-east of Grey Wethers is a small
circular "pound" measuring 75 feet north to south and
66 feet east to west. The bank forming the inclosure is
from 6 to 8 feet wide, 3 feet high, and is composed of small
stones and earth. There is an entrance on the west side with
one door jamb standing. This was dug out, but nothing was
found except a very fine flat stone resting on the " calm " or
subsoil. It is 9 feet long and 3 to 4 feet wide. Trial pits
were sunk within the inclosure without success. The ground
around this small "pound" is now very boggy; it was prob-
ably drier when the inclosure was used.
Two ruined cairns in Teign Head Newtake were examined.
One possessed a small pit sunk in the " calm," and this con-
tained wood charcoal.
About a mile beyond Watern Tor, in a direct line with
Hound Tor, there is a ruined cairn with a short reave run-
ning up to it. The cairn contained the remains of a very
fine kistvaen, the longitudinal lie of which was north-west to
south-east. One side and one end stone remain. The kist
contained a circular pit dug into the " calm " to the depth of
18 inches, and in this a little wood charcoal was found.
When complete this kistvaen must have been an exceed-
ingly fine one, for the side stone is 7 feet long and the end
stone 4 feet 4 inches.
Two large flat stones close to the cairn were probably used
as coverers.
The exploration of the Red Barrows on Soussons Common
was commenced at the end of last August, and was continued
for several days. These barrows are very large, and it will
take several days this summer to complete the exploration.
An account of these is held over until the next Report.
Near the present left bank of the East Dart in Greyhound
Marsh, Postbridge, is another and higher bank which at
some remote time was probably the bank of the river. There
is a depression in this bank with signs of an entrance from
the direction of the river. It was explored, with the result
that an interesting "dug-out" hut was disclosed.
The accompanying plan explains itself. The east and north
sides were drained as well as the neighbourhood of the hearth-
stone. It was probably a summer shelter only, and, judging
from the objects found, once harboured some mediaeval tin-
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t tnlaarik,
(WyTiound Marsh ,
Posrtrlclge .
A. . Pol-sherds found. <*t *fliU stone *,
Also lump of much -corroded iron .
B - Covered drain . C Is carried
into litis ^Ikerwe under raised
stone 1o exterior. C not* covered .
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DARTMOOR EXPLORATION COMMITTEE. 165
streamers. There are plenty of " old men's " workings in the
marsh. The floor of the " dug-out " was the hard gravel ex-
isting under the "calm/' and on this were found strike-a-
lights of flint — some of the pieces of flint had evidently been
in a fire — lumps of much corroded iron, potsherds, and a
piece of wasted oak 22 inches long. The whole of these
objects were covered by a layer of vegetable fibre, probably
the remains of the "vag" roof, and this in its turn was
covered with stones and soil
The potsherds are portions of a vessel of no great size,
wheel-made, paste well mixed, fired red. Exterior of sherds
black ; this is superficial and scales off. The pot had
evidently stood in the ashes and smoke of a fire. No orna-
mentation.
Period, mediaeval — perhaps thirteenth or fourteenth cen-
tury, or even earlier. Much charcoal on or near the
hearth-stone.
There are the sites of two blowing-houses near; one is
below the bridge amongst the ruins of a modern house
known as Barracks — here two mould-stones may be found —
and the other in Hartland Moor, on the right bank of the
Stannon Brook. The blowing-house has disappeared, but
there is plenty of slag on the site, and the mould-stone
has been built into the newtake wall
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THE DISAPPEARING STONE MONUMENTS OF
DARTMOOR.
BT ROBERT BURNARD, F.8.A.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
Tab surface of Dartmoor and borderland is studded with
numerous prehistoric and historic remains.
The former include camps, stone circles, hut circles,
cairns, kistvaens, menhirs, stone rows, reaves, etc.
The latter include stone crosses, blowing houses (i.e. tin
smelting houses), and other remains of a more recent date.
Certain metalled roads of the first, second, and third
classes traverse the moorland region in various directions.
Great attention is now paid to the annual up-keep of the
first-class roads, and to a lesser extent the second and third
class highways.
This means an annual application of broken stone of
something like one hundred tons per mile on the first-class
roads, and a lesser amount on the others.
Very little of this stone is derived from quarries — the
great bulk of it is of surface origin.
Under the old Highway Act, 5 & 6 William IV. c 50, the
provisions of which have not yet been repealed by the later
Highway Act, and which are now in force under the District
Councils, the surveyor may search for and dig and carry
away materials for mending the highway in any waste,
common, river, or brook in the parish; and if he cannot
conveniently procure sufficient materials in the parish, he
may go to any other parish, leaving sufficient materials for
the repair of the highway in such other parish.
He may also gather stones off any land in the parish, i.e.
belonging to individuals, paying nothing for same, but
making satisfaction for damage done in carrying them away;
but he cannot enter into this private land without the con-
sent of the owner, or order of justices.
Under cover of this Act of Parliament much damage has
been done to ancient stone monuments on Dartmoor, and
this damage is still proceeding.
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THE DISAPPEARING STONE MONUMENTS OF DARTMOOR. 167
Some of the contractors who repair the roads do their
best to protect these interesting objects, but their workmen
are not so discriminating, and are often ignorant of their
value. Stone must be had by hook or by crook — the nearer
the better — and that which can be most readily obtained is
often a hut-circle or a cairn, and these disappear and are
often not missed for a long time afterwards.
As surface stones near highways get scarcer, the greater
the danger to the stone monuments lying adjacent thereto.
The following monuments are known to have been utterly
destroyed recently, mostly for road-mending: A stone-row
and hut-circles on Sherberton Common, two cairns on Holne
Moor above Saddle Bridge, and a hut-circle near Merrivale
Bridge.
Many monuments have been partially destroyed, such as
camps, hut-circles, and cairns, and only last year the stone
circle at Scorhill was robbed by a farmer and seriously in-
jured in his search for a stone long enough for a gate-post.
For many years past road-mending material has been
obtained from the ramparts of the ancient camp known as
Cranbrook Castle; thousands of loads of stone have been
removed. Now that this source is nearly exhausted, a
quarry has been opened out.
On examining the Ancient Monuments Protection Act,
the conclusion arrived at is that it would be well-nigh im-
possible to apply tliis measure to the numerous and scattered
remains on Dartmoor. At the same time one is convinced
that efforts should be made to repeal the obnoxious portions
of the Highway Act of William IV., and compel road-menders
to quarry their stone.
This would not only tend vastly to safeguard the ancient
stone monuments, but would prevent the despoiling of the
surface of " clatters " or collections of picturesque boulders.
An attempt has recently been made to remove boulders
and stones from the bed of one of our beautiful little moor-
land streams, and to effect this private inclosed land had to
be crossed. The owner locked the gates and resisted, with
the result that the surveyor will probably apply for an
order of justices, and if this is granted the river-bed will be
despoiled, notwithstanding the fact that it is at that point
entirely within the confines of private property.
Other counties besides Devon complain bitterly of the
damage caused by this Act of Parliament, and the time may
be considered opportune for initiating an agitation for its
repeal or amendment.
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THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY
OF 1831.
BT SIR ROPER LBTHBRIDGE, K.C.I.E.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
We all know that from the time of Queen Elizabeth, or
earlier, to the present day, the men of Devon have always
taken the foremost place in every British enterprise. The
general statement of the broad fact is almost a common-
place. And yet, when we descend to details, it is astonishing
how apt we are — perhaps owing to our own modesty — to
allow the world to forget, and even to forget ourselves, the
energy and the prevision with which our forbears have dared
to be among the first, alike in voyages of discovery, in the
settlement of new countries, and in the development of new
inventions.
In the year 1831 George Stephenson was engaged in
what would have been, to a man of less courageous and
determined character, an almost hopeless struggle. He was,
roughly speaking, the inventor of the locomotive ; but, more
than that, he was the great apostle and pioneer of the steam-
power railway as the chief means of locomotion on land.
Only the year before, in 1830, the first little embryonic
steam-power railway, that from Manchester to Liverpool,
had started ; for the earlier low-speed Stockton and Darling-
ton Railway hardly deserved the name. But so little had
the idea "caught on," that a Committee of the House of
Commons, in the session of 1831, was appointed to examine
and report on the new idea — and that Committee reported
in favour of the employment of steam-carriages on common
roads, and ignored the steam-power railroad altogether!
And at that time the well-known Colonel Sibthorpe openly
declared his hatred of the "infernal railroads," and added
that he would "sooner see a highwayman or a burglar on
his premises than an engineer."
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THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 169
About the same time the House of Lords threw out the
Bill for a railway from London to Bristol, the line which
was afterwards actually built and became the Great Western
Railway ; and so great had been the dread of this railway
invasion on the part of the inhabitants of the towns through
which it had been proposed to bring it, that at Eton, for
instance, the people assembled in a great meeting, under the
presidency of the Marquis of Chandos, to rejoice aud to
thank the House of Lords for delivering them from such a
pest.
I need not multiply instances of this very general feel-
ing of the people of England. It was shown by meetings
at Northampton, at Maidstone, and at many other centres
of population.
Yet, at this very time, the people of Bideford and Oke-
hampton put their heads together, raised funds, had elabor-
ate surveys made, and got most minute and exhaustive
reports prepared, for a railway from Bideford to Okehamp-
ton, that was to increase enormously the volume of the
trade and the value of the land of Bideford and its
neighbourhood, and that was to carry to Okehampton, and
thence on to Tavistock, Plymouth, and the South of Devon
generally, not only the coal and other productions of South
Wales, but generally all the increased imports of the port
of Bideford.
It is on record that, during the century that followed our
defeat of the Spanish Armada, the port of Bideford had a
larger share of the trade with the north generally, and
especially with our plantations in America, than any other
port in England, save only London and Topsham. The
memory of those humming times for Bideford, when the
wealth of the New World was being poured into the coffers
of her merchants and traders, had evidently not died out
in 1831 ; and, seriously, I think it can hardly be doubted
that, if it had not been for the hitch in the railway scheme
of this year that appears to have occurred at the last
moment and prevented its execution, there would have been,
long ago, some realisation of the golden dreams of the enter-
prising men who had planned it.
Two relatives of my own family — Mr. Thomas Bridgman
Luxmoore, at one time Mayor of Okehampton, and his
cousin, Mr. William Burd, of that place — were the solicitors
for the enterprise in Okehampton in 1831, and two of its
moving spirits there, in combination with Captain J. Morth
Woollcombe of Ashbury, who was the chairman of the
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
170 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
local committee, Archdeacon Downall (then Vicar of Oke-
hampton), Mr. Calmady Hamlyn of Leawood in Bridestowe,
Mr. Savile of Oaklands in Okehampton, and others. By
the courtesy of Mr. J. D. Prickman, well known to you all
as an active member of this Association — who is the present
head of the legal firm of which Mr. Luxmoore and Mr.
Burd were the successive heads during the earlier years of
the last century — I have had the opportunity of calendaring
the papers referring to this important enterprise ; and the
two maps on the wall, which I have had cleaned and
mounted, were crumpled up among these records, with a
vast mass of information about the country through which
the line was to pass, the people who supported it, the argu-
ments that were to persuade the Committee of the House of
Commons, and so forth.
Among all those documents I have not come across one
single echo of the terror and panic which the railway
monster, like the motor-car or the traction-engine of more
recent times, seems to have aroused in other parts of the
country.
The engineer engaged on this pioneer enterprise was
Roger Hopkins, m.i. ; and he, like George Stephenson, had
long been engaged in the study and the construction of
railways (or, as we should now call them, tramways) to be
worked by horse-power, before essaying the dreaded steam
locomotive. About two years before the time of the Bide-
ford and Okehampton Railway, Mr. Roger Hopkins (so I learn
from the report before me) had "successfully executed the
most extensive line of railway in the West of England, that
from Dartmoor to Plymouth, including a tunnel double the
extent of either of those proposed in the present case." The
first Act for this Dartmoor Railway passed in 1819, and gave
powers to construct a line — of course for horse-power — from
Crabtree, in the parish of Egg Buckland, to the Dartmoor
Prisons at Prince Town. The second Act passed in 1820,
and authorised an extension of the line to the lime-works at
Catdown, and to Sutton Pool, Plymouth ; and a third Act,
which was passed in 1821, empowered the Commissioners
to vary the line. About the same time another railroad
was constructed by Mr. George Templer, of Stover, to
convey granite from Heytor to Mr. Templer's canal at
Stover.
It will thus be seen that in the construction of important
railways to be worked by horse-power, as well as in that of
railways in the later sense of the term, to be worked by
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 171
steam-power, Mr. Koger Hopkins here in Devonshire was
initiating enterprises exactly parallel to, and simultaneous
with, the more famous ones of George Stephenson in the
north.
Mr. Roger Hopkins's Report, after he had made a survey
of the proposed line from Bideford to Okehampton and had
exhaustively inquired into the need for such a railway and
its commercial possibilities, shows him to have been a man
of great power and ability. I may mention, as an instance
of the thoroughness with which he went into the question of
the local traffic in every part of the line, that I have here
detailed reports on every parish that would be served by the
proposed railways, giving the names of owners and occupiers,
the nature of the local industries, the population, the
amount of lime, coal, iron, and other commodities consumed,
and so forth. And to show that he himself fully believed
in the capabilities of the new line, I have here a letter in
his own handwriting, addressed to Mr. Thomas Bridgman
Luxmoore, in which he offered to pay to that gentleman's
brother, Mr. Charles Luxmoore, then the owner of Oke-
hampton Park, a yearly rent or royalty of £100 for the right
to extract lime, etc., from Okehampton Park, to be dis-
tributed by the railway.
Of the parochial reports compiled by Mr. Roger Hopkins
1 will quote that on North Tawton as a fair sample, although
that parish was not to be actually traversed by the railway,
but only served by it : —
"Proprietors: — Hon. N. Fellowes (the Hon. N. Fellowes has
40 tenements, and most of it in hand), Charles Sweet, Grace
Authors (sic), Anna Wilkins, John Skinner, Wm. Tickle (to be
written to), Joseph Sparkes (in lease to Brock), H. C. Sturt, Esq.
(to be written to), Lord Rolle (Lord has 12 tenements, most
part in lease for lives), Saml. Budd, Messrs. Cann and Cory, John
Brock, Wm. Croote, Richd. Drake, Thos. Durant, Saml. Honey-
church, Sweet and Were, Robt. Medland (in hand), John
Wreyford, Rev. Geo. Hole, Wm. Orchard, Wm. Leathern, John
Chappie, Rowland Hooper, Richd. Weare, Wm. Hocking, John
Quick, Esq., Prideaux Gostwick (to be appd. by J. S.), Chas.
Lock, Alexr. Philips, Wm. Pedlar, Sir Thos. Leth bridge (Pows-
land), John Wrey, Heale, Webber, Pearse, George Pyke, Rev.
John Palmer (to be applied at Torrington), George Stoneman,
Mrs. Hole, John Seaward, John Salter, George Snell, Fras. Cross,
Esq. (to be applied, Crediton), Anthy. Wensleigh, Thos. Western
(Brushford), Wm. Durant, W. K. Durant, Mr. Hole, Mr. Prick-
man (Crediton). The principal Farmers that are Renters are
Mr. Durant, Mr. Seaward, Mr. Wreyford, Mr. Weare, Mr.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
172 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
Skinner, Orchard, Esq., Mr. Wensleigh, Mr. Drake, Mr. Salter,
Mr. Shilston, Mr. Stoneman. The landholders are renters also of
several estates, and of large value. This is a very good Parish,
arable, meadow, and tillage land. The population, 1,700. There
are 4 blacksmiths, which consume about 40 quarters of coal
and 7 tons of Iron. There is a large Wooling (sic) manu-
factory here of Mr. Fulford. 4 Maltsters. The principal
Inhabitance (sic) are now relying on the Railway. I have not
heard one who saith anything against. They will attend the
Meeting at Winkleigh."
Apropos of this meeting at Winkleigh, I may mention
that large and enthusiastic meetings in support of the Bill
were held at Launceston, Tavistock, Plymouth, Okehampton,
Winkleigh, Bideford, and elsewhere.
The parochial report on Okehampton is a huge and
voluminous document, which gives full information regard-
ing the owners and occupiers of every inch of the proposed
line in that parish, from Meldon to Fatherford and beyond.
These parochial reports are too much in detail for me to be
able to give them here, but the General Eeport on the whole
line and its prospects, by its engineer, Mr. Boger Hopkins,
dated November 11th, 1831, is of considerable value to the
county historian and topographer, so I will quote it in
extenso. It was printed at Okehampton by T. Simmons,
and was illustrated by the excellent map of which I append
a copy. It is enclosed in a covering letter to the subscribers,
signed by John Morth Woollcombe (of Ashbury), Hugh
Mallet (of Ash in Iddesleigh), and H. C. Millett (the repre-
sentative of Mr. Albany Savile (of Oaklands, Okehampton,
then recently deceased), who formed the Subscribers' Com-
mittee, to whom the report was addressed. It runs thus : —
Gentlemen,
IN compliance with your instructions, I have taken the
levels and measured the length of the proposed Railway from the
termination of Lord Rollers Canal, near Torrington, to Meldon
Quarries beyond Okehampton; and having obtained the various
information required, now beg leave to lay before you my Report
thereon ; together with my estimate of the expence of its
construction, — a Map shewing the length of each property
through which the Railway is proposed to pass, — a list of the
names of the respective owners, — a Table of rises and distances,
and a general scale of Tonnage for all kinds of goods which may
be conveyed on the Railway.
I propose that the Railway, should commence about two
hundred yards below the junction of Lord Rollers Canal with the
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDBFORD AND OKBHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 173
River Torridge, and that it should extend along the Line of River
to Wooley Farm, where in order to save a circuit of one mile and
a half, a Tunnel should be made, two furlongs, one chain, and two
yards in length. The Tunnel to be nine feet wide, and ten feet
high, and a semi-circular Arch to be built where necessary.
From thence, to Little Warham, the road to follow the course
of the River. — And here another Tunnel, one furlong, four chains
and twelve yards, in length, and of similar dimensions to the
former one, will be requisite, for the purpose of avoiding a
circuitous route on the Banks of the River, of two miles and one
furlong. — From thence to Beaford Bridge, the road to be formed,
nearly in the direction of the River, and the rise from Lord
Rollers Canal, to this place, to be on a regular inclination of one,
in two hundred and twenty-four, or about three inches and a half
in a chain : — The whole distance will be three miles, six furlongs,
two chains, and twenty-one yards. From Beaford Bridge to New
Bridge, the Railway to follow as near as may be, the course of
the River; and from thence, to continue on the eastern side of
the River Torridge, until the Okement unites with it, which latter
River it is afterwards to follow nearly to Iddesleigh Bridge, the
rise to be one, in four hundred and thirty-nine, or about one inch
and threequarters in a chain, the length being seven miles, two
furlongs, and one chain. — Here a Bridge is to be erected, and an
Embankment made, twenty-five feet high. The Embankment
I propose for the following reasons, (viz.) to make the inclinations
of the Railway more regular; and to be enabled to deliver the
Lime-Stone and Culm, on the top of the proposed Lime-Kilns
at Jacobstow, Iddesleigh, and New-Bridge, in the event of Lime-
Stone being conveyed down the Railway, and Kilns being erected
at these places ; and more particularly for the delivery of Coal. —
From thence, the road to be extended on the Western side of the
River Okement, and passing near Jacobstow Church, to the
south of Norwood Common, near Brightley Bridge, for a distance
of six miles, one furlong, five chains, and nine yards, and on
a rise of one, in one hundred and forty-four, or five inches and
a half in a chain. At this place the Railway is again to cross
the River, and to be carried on the eastern side thereof, nearly
parallel with the turnpike road, to the East Okement, where
a third Bridge is to be built, and from whence it is to pass the
Market-House, and to proceed to the White Hart Inn, Oke-
hampton. The rise to be one, in ninety-eight, or eight inches
and an eighth in a chain, and the length, one mile two furlongs,
seven chains and four yards.
If it be thought advisable to extend the Railway from Oke-
hampton to Meldon Quarries, it should be on the eastern side of
the West Okement River. — The length will be two miles, four
furlongs, nine chains, and six yards ; and the total rise is two
hundred and eleven feet, eleven inches, which would be one in
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
174 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
sixty-six, or twelve inches in a chain. The whole length of
Railway would then be, twenty-one miles, one furlong, five chains,
and eighteen yards.
The Parishes through which the Railway will pass are, Saint
Giles, Beaford, Dolton, Dowland, Iddesleigh, Monk-Okehampton,
Haiherleigh, Jacobstowe, and Okehampton, all in the County of
Devon. The only Buildings required to be taken down are a
Shop, and the adjoining premises, opposite the White Hart Inn,
Okehampton; and their value is not above three hundred and
eighty pounds.
I have examined the nature, and capabilities of the country
along the intended line of Railway, and have ascertained that no
Stone Blocks can be procured thereon, which would be proper for
bearing the Iron-rails. The situations from whence they can be
procured, are, the Granite Tors, about two miles and a half south
of Okehampton. 7- From a Quarry about a mile and a half West
of Hatherleigh, and three miles and a half from the proposed
line of Railway : — And for that part of the Railway to the north
of Wooley Tunnel, the blocks may be procured from Wales. No
Block should be less than two feet and half superficial, in the
bottom, nor under ten inches in thickness. With the exception
of Stone Blocks, the country is singularly well adapted for the
formation of a Railway : — There are no very expensive cuttings,
or embankments to make ; and the only excavations worth
mentioning, are the two Tunnels ; and even these, are adopted for
the purpose of saving an increased length of Railway. The
maximum of inclination, between Lord Rolle's Canal, and Oke-
hampton, will not exceed one, in ninety-eight : and that will be
but for a short distance; while the average inclination will be
only one, in two hundred and six. The short distance of the
Welch Ironworks from the proposed line of Railway, is another
circumstance greatly in its favor. The charge for freight and
carriage of the Iron-rails and Pedestals, will therefore be very little.
The breadth of the road, I propose to be fifteen feet between
the fences, and the Iron-rails to be four feet, eight inches apart.
The rails to be of wrought iron, each weighing thirty-five pounds
per yard, and the pedestals to be of cast iron, each ten pounds
weight. A Turn-out, or passing place, seventy yards in length, to
be made near New Bridge, Iddesleigh Bridge, Jacobstow Bridge,
Okehampton and Meldon ; and two hundred yards of branch
railways, to be laid at the junction with Lord Rolle's Canal. A
Turn-out to be made opposite the junction of the Torridge and
Okement, one hundred yards in length, for the purpose of the
Engines passing each other. — The road at the Turn-outs to be
twenty-two feet wide, between the fences.
The whole of the trade on the Railway may be carried on by
two Locomotive Steam Engines, each of which may make three
trips per diem from Okehampton to the other end of the railway.
Digitized by UOOQ IC
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 175
The Engines should start at fixed times, from each end of the
Railway, so as to pass each other at the place before mentioned ;
they may perform the journey from Okehampton to the Canal, in
one hour and a half, and return in two hours. In going up the
Railway some of the Waggons may be left at each of the stations
before mentioned, and the Engine will then be enabled to draw
the remaining ones into Okehampton, with the same speed as on
the other parts of the road, altho' the acclivity is so much greater.
That Locomotive Steam Engines are much cheaper than horse-
power, where there is a considerable trade, has been fully
demonstrated, by their performances on other Railways ; and with
regard to expedition there can be no competition between the two
moving powers, as a Steam Engine may travel thirty miles an
hour, while a Horse with a light carriage could not go more than
ten. By the adoption of Steam Engines, a great saving is also
effected in the number of passing places required. Were horses
to be employed on this Railway, at least four passing places would
be requisite in every mile, or eighty-four in the whole distance,
whilst now, one passing place about the centre of the Line, will
be quite sufficient for the passing of the two Engines. — The
other passing places proposed, are for the purpose of leaving
Waggons, at the adjoining Wharfs.
I have carefully calculated the cost of the works required to
be done ; and I am of opinion that, the following estimate of the
expenses is amply sufficient for the whole thereof, and to enable
the proprietors to have the trade in full operation, including the
formation of the road on the described inclinations fifteen feet in
width, as also all requisite cuttings and embankments. — Fencing
on both sides of the road where necessary. — Providing, and fixing
gates and posts in the fields, and other lands, through which the
road will pass, (calculating eight to be required in each mile). —
Making approaches to roads, and fields where necessary. — Making
all requisite culverts and drains. — Stoning under blocks, well
broken where required. — Providing and boring stone blocks, and
laying the same every three feet in length. — Iron rails, and
pedestals : calculating at the present prices of Iron. — Fixing the
iron rails and pedestals on the blocks. — Providing and fixing
plugs, nails, pins, and cotters. — Filling between the blocks and
rails, and on the outside of the same, with hard stone well
broken, and gravelling the surface, — and laying out and super-
intending the works; the length being twenty-one miles, one
furlong, five chains, and eighteen yards, at one thousand five
hundred pounds per mile £
Extra, for excavating tlie two Tunnels, and \
the open cuttings at each end, and building
side walls, and arching where necessary, the
length being seven hundred and eighty- four
yards, exclusive of the open cuttings
31796
5800
11
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
176 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1881.
Building three Bridges across the Okement 1
Biver, and one Bridge across Wooley Lake ... /
Making the passing places § Branch Bail- \
ways, before mentioned., the total length being I
six hundred and fifty yards, complete, inclu- t
ding Bails, Pedestals, Tongues, Box-plates
and Wing-plates J
Purchase of land, calculating the average^
breadth required for the Boad, Hedges,
Turn-outs, Cuttings, and Embankments, at
thirty -three feet — eighty-four Acres and a
half, at an average price of thirty pounds
per Acre
Purchase of the Houses before mentioned}
at Okehampton /
Making all necessary Surveys, and prepa- '
ring Plans, and Sectiotis, obtaining an Act
of Parliament, Printing, Stationary, expences
of Meetings, Law Charges for Conveyances,
$c, and incidentals
Total estimated expense of the Railway. . .
Two Locomotive Steam Engines for propel- \
ling the Waggons on the Bailway )
Sixty Bailway Waggons at lb Pounds each...
Total proposed Ca/rital
If the Railway from Okehampton to Mel-
don should not be made, there may be de-
ducted therefrom, for the saving of 2 miles,
4 furlongs, 9 chains, and six yards
Total Capital then required £
That the actual cost of these Works will
£2750
390
2535
380
1500
43075
not exceed the
preceding estimate, if executed under ray directions, I am bold to
assert, from an experience of more than thirty-five years in the
formation of Railways, and Tramroads, and the construction of
other public works : — And I beg to add that, it has been an
invariable rule with me, never to make an estimate under the
sum which I believed the works would really cost, and for which
I would myself (if called on) undertake to execute them, if Con-
tractors cannot be procured. I know it is a common practice
among many persons calling themselves Engineers, to make
estimates far below what is found to be the real expenditure on
the completion of the works, and that thereby many have been
deterred from embarking on similar undertakings ; I am therefore
anxious to counteract so injurious an impression, and I trust I
shall not be charged with egotism for having said thus much to
inspire general confidence as to the correctness of the estimates
which I have prepared.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
£875.
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 177
The Annual expenses of this Railway, will not exceed the
following sums.
Coals for the supply of the 2 Engines, calculating
on the work before mentioned, 27 hundred weight, at
8d. per hundred weight, equal to 18s. per diem — oil,
tallow, white lead, &c. and wear, and tear, and repairs
of the Engines. — Two men attending same, and two
assistants to attend the waggons, &c. Tar and oil for
the waggons, and wear and tear, and repairs of them —
Two pounds twelve shillings per diem, — being a total
of three pounds ten shillings per diem,— say to work
two hundred and fifty days per annum
Three blocklayers to keep the Railways in repair"
£45. per annum, and three labourers to assist them
in so doing, and to repair the hedges, clean the drains
&c. at £30. per annum
Salaries to the Engineer for superintending the'
road occasionally, and for seeing that it is kept in pro-
per repair; and to the Clerk of the company, who
should constantly superintend the trade, and manage
the Company's affairs
Wear and tear of Rails
225.
250.
Incidental expenses, including rent of Company's')
office, printing, stationary, &c /
100.
30.
Total probable annual expenses £1 480.
The very great advantages likely to result from the construc-
tion of this Railway have been so ably pointed out by Rt Wooll-
combe, Esq. in the letter lately published, that it is altogether un-
necessary for me to dilate on them. — As stated by him, its
principal uses will be, the conveyance of Culm, and Coal, from
the neighbourhood of Torrington, to Okehampton, and the inter-
mediate country, and of Limestone from the quarries, near Oke-
hampton, or from the Welsh quarries, to various places along the
line of Railway. A considerable trade may also be reckoned on
in timber, bark, pipe-clay, potter's clay, and raw, and manufac-
tured goods. The company may also derive a considerable addi-
tion to their income from the conveyance of passengers, along the
line of Railway, — of granite and slate from Okehampton, — of
building materials, general merchandise, and agricultural produce.
The Lime-kilns now in use which would receive their supply
of culm along this Railway, are at SoutMawton, Drewsteignton,
Meldon, Sourfon, Bridestowe, Coombow, and Alder; and to these
perhaps Stmoford Kilns, which are about eight miles and a half
from Meldon, may also be added. Should this Railway be com-
VOL. XXXIV. M
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
178 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
pleted, a considerable increase of the traffic in Lime will be the
result. It will be then used by the agriculturists in much larger
quantities, being obtained from thirty to forty per cent, under
its present cost, calculating the expense of conveyance. — The
present price of lime at Torrington is Is. 4d. per bushel, the
conveyance to Iddesleigh, and the neighbourhood, costs at least
Is. per bushel, or 8s. for a cart load, a man, two horses, and a
cart, being employed a whole day in drawing one load ; so that
the present actual cost of a bushel of lime, to the consumer in
that neighbourhood is 2s. 4d. By the Railway, lime may be
delivered at Iddesleigh at Is. 6d. and the average cost of cartage
from the Railway to the Farms, may be reckoned at 3d. per
bushel, or 2s. per cart load ; the average cost would then be only
Is. 9d., and 7d. per bushel would be thus saved. A farmer now
tilling 20 acres per annum, and using four cart loads, or 32 bushels
of lime per acre, requires 80 days work for 2 horses, a cart, and
man to draw the lime to his farm ; whereas when the Railway
is completed, he may do so in 20 days, and thus save 18s. 8dL
per acre.
On the most moderate calculations, Land for the space of
four miles on each side of the line of Railway, from Beaford
Bridge, to Okehampton, will be benefited one shilling per acre,
per annum ; and this being 14 miles and three quarters in length,
by 8 miles in breadth, is equal to 118 square miles, or 75,520
acres, which at one shilling per acre, would amount to an in-
creased annual value of this district of three thousand, seven
hundred, and seventy-six pounds. — Calculating the interest of
money at three and a half per cent, per annum, the land would
be immediately improved to the amount of one hundred and seven
thousand, nine hundred pounds. No calculation is made for the
improvement of the lands from Lord Rollers Canal, to Beaford
Bridge, as it is considered that they would continue to obtain
their lime, from his Lordship's Kilns; and the benefit of this
increased value has been already conferred on them by the con-
struction of the Canal. Neither is the benefit to lands more
than four miles distant from the line of Railway taken into the
account. Altho* that benefit will be very considerable, land on
which timber is grown will be increased in value, from the facility
afforded in the conveyance of timber. — Land now uncultivated
would, when such facilities are afforded for obtaining lime, be
brought into cultivation, and the value of property in general
would be continually increasing.
Granite Tors or Rocks, being within two miles and a half of
Okehampton, and the stone raised there being remarkable for its
beauty, and possessing great hardness and durability, a consider-
able trade may be expected in this article. The demand for
granite gate posts, is very great in the district through which
the Railway is proposed to pass, and but for the great expense of
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 179
carriage, they would have been more generally used. Being
conveyed on this Railway, they may be obtained for less price
than even oak posts, and timber need not then be used for that
purpose, but may be more profitably disposed of. Granite gate
posts are now sold at Okehampton, at 8s. per pair, and may be
delivered at the head of Lord Rolle's Canal, at lis. per pair;
while oak posts would cost at least one shilling per foot running,
and each post must be seven feet six inches long, their cost thus
being 15s. per pair. Granite posts would be four shillings per
pair less in the first cost, independently of their being far more
durable. —Granite for public works, as well as granite posts, may
also be sent to Bristol, Swansea, Milford, and various parts of the
Kingdom. It is expected too, that there will be a great traffic
in Slate, as there are excellent quarries at no great distance from
Okehampton, from whence, the country bordering on the Railway
may be supplied. — The immense loss in breakage, which is
occasioned by the present modes of conveyance, will be prevented
by their being carried on the Railway, and the saving in this
respect will be very great. — Where Houses are now thatched with
reed, they may hereafter be covered with slate.
Groceries, Ironmongery, and general Merchandise, from
Bristol, instead of being sent round the land's end to Plymouth,
and from thence, by the River, and Canal, to Tavistock, and
being thereby exposed to the delays and dangers of the sea,
would, I am informed, by Gentlemen concerned in the trade, be
sent this way to Tavistock, and the surrounding country, thereby
preventing a considerable time being lost in their transmission.
It is a known and admitted fact, that goods are frequently for-
warded from the different ports in the Bristol Channel, to the
southern coast of Devonshire, around the land's end, and do not
arrive at their destination, until after the expiration of the time
allowed for payment of the goods by the wholesale dealer, (that
is to say) three months. The travelling agent calls for the money
before the arrival of the goods ! What an incalculable benefit
would this Railway confer on both Wholesale and Retail Dealers,
in affording a certain means of conveyance !
From the best information which I have been enabled to
obtain, I am led to believe that the Revenue of the Railway
Company, will amount to at least, the following sums per annum,
at the very moderate charges for tolls and carriage annexed to the
quantities.
Lime from Lord Rolle's Canal to New Bridge
(being 2d. per Ton per mile for tolls and conveyance,
ana 12 Bushels being calculated to the Ton)
Lime from Lord Rolle's Canal to Iddesleigh Bridge
Lime from Lord Rolle's Canal to Jacobstow Bridge
M 2
tons
5000
price per
ton.
s. d.
7500
5000
1 2
1 10
2 4
291
687
583
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
180 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
Culm from Lord Rolle's Canal to Okehampton, \
for the supply of 2 Kilns at Meldon, 2 at Sour-
ton, 4 at Bridestowe, 4 at Coombow, 8 at Alder,
4 at Southtawtou, and 3 at Drewsteignton,
being 22 Kilns in the whole, and each is sup-
posed to require three hundred tons of Culm
per Annum . . ...
Coals from Lord Rolle's Canal to New Bridge, }
Iddesleigh Bridge, Jacobstow Bridge, and Oke- I
hampton, — say average distance of conveyance f
on Railway of 14 miles, at 3d. per ton, per mile J
Pipe clay, & Potter's clay, from Merton Moors }
for Liverpool, Bristol, Swansea, k other places . j
Granite, especially Granite posts, from the Tors -\
near Okehampton, for the supply of Bristol, \
Wales, and other parts . . . J
Slate from Okehampton . ...
Timber & Bark, from various parts of the line \
of Railway, particularly on the banks of the I
Torridge, where there are vast quantities; also j
building stone and foreign Timber . . . /
Raw and manufactured Goods
General Merchandise, including Salt, Sugar,1
Soap, Soda, Cheese, Candles, Pepper, Fruit, Seeds,
Starch, Tea, Tallow, Vinegar, Iron, Ironmongery,
Grates, Nails, Shot, Tin, Wire, Lead, White lead,
Hops, Leather, Oils, Paints, Tar, Porter, Wines,
and Spirits, &c. Salt 200 tons, Sugar 100, Soap
60, Iron 500, Porter, Wines & Spirits 50, — other
goods 50 • ...
Agricultural produce including Wheat, Barley,
Oats, Potatoes, Ac ...
Carriage for the conveyance of passengers, say
30 persons each day, for three hundred and
thirteen days, per annum, at 2s. average to be
paid the company, (that is to say) fifteen up, and
15 down . • ...
price per
ton.
toni ■. d. £
6600
6000
3000
1500
500
950
520
3 1
3 6
1 6
4 0
4 0
6 0
4 0
1017
1050
225
300
100
80
50
285
104
939
£5713
1480
£4233
10
Deduct the Annual expenses already detailed
Nett probable receipts per annum, being more than 9 per 1
cent, on forty- five thousand Dounds, or more than 8 per
cent, on fifty thousand pounds . . . . j
With such a prospect of Interest on the out-lay of Capital,
which there is every reason to expect will be realized, and even
exceeded, I conceive there can be no difficulty in raising funds
for the accomplishment of this great measure. So large a per
centage would surely induce many to embark in this important
undertaking, who have no other object in view : — But the Land-
holders, Occupiers and Inhabitants of the- Neighbourhood having,
as so clearly demonstrated by Robert Woollcombe> Esq. a twofold
interest in view, cannot fail in coming forward to assist in obtain-
ing such an advantageous communication.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 181
The following is a summary of the principal benefits to be
derived from the construction of this Railway ; — A more cheap,
speedy, and efficient conveyance of Lime and Culm ; and a con-
sequent reduction in the expense of Lime, which being so valuable
a manure, is of great importance to the Agriculturists; and of
which they will then be enabled to use an increased quantity. —
A great saving in the carriage of Coals for the supply of a district,
containing a population of from thirty to forty thousand inhabit-
ants.— An immense increase in the value of Timber, now growing
on the banks of the Torridge, and Okement, arising from the
facility of transit which will be afforded. — The ultimate establish-
ment of Factories at Okehampton, and in the neighbourhood, on
account of the improved communication which will be opened. —
A cheap and speedy conveyance of goods of every description. —
A speedy, safe, convenient, and cheap conveyance for passengers. —
The employment of hundreds of the labouring poor, during the
executions of the Works; and the increased demand for labour
which will result from the completion of this undertaking ; and a
consequent reduction in the amount of Poor Rates. — A great
saving in the Highway Rates of the various parishes in the
district, arising from lessening the distance of cartage for Lime. —
A very great increase in the value of Land, arising from the
advantages already enumerated ; and the large amount of Interest
to be received by the Company from the charges for conveyance
on the Railway.
The present period is confessedly the most favourable for the
construction of these Works, Iron Rails which form a large item
in the expence of a Railway, have never been at a lower price
than they are at the present period (and less than their present
prices they cannot be expected to be, as the Iron Trade is in a
very depressed state) while the astonishing performances of the
Steam Engine, are fresh stimula to the formation of Railways;
and so strongly are the public convinced of their superiority, as a
means of communication, that during the last Session of Parlia-
ment, not a single application teas made for an Act for making a
Canal, while Twenty-seven Railway Bills were at the same time in
progress.
In further compliance with your request, I have examined
Meldon Quarry, as to its capability to supply a large quantity of
Limestone; and I beg to say, that unless fresh discoveries of
Limestone are made, I would not recommend the Railway being
carried there. I am, however, of opinion, that Okehampton
Park abounds with Limestone, and that it can be worked much
easier, and at less expence than Meldon Quarry, in consequence
of the veins, or measures, being situated in the proper direction
for working, which those at Meldon are not. I conceive that the
Limestone, if found where I expect, can be worked and delivered
on the Railway, about five furlongs from Okehampton, by an
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
182 THE BIDBFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
incline plane, at two shillings and eight-pence per ton, allowing
two-pence per ton for land money, and it may be delivered, by the
Railway, at the following places, at the prices set opposite : —
PBR TON.
At Jacobstowe Bridge for £0 3 8
At Iddesleigh Bridge for 0 4 2
At New Bridge for 0 4 8
And at the end of Lord Rolle's Canal, near Torrington, for 0 5 8
I have also been at Bideford, and ascertained the prices of
Limestone, Culm, and Coal, at that place, as well as at Torrington.
The present cost of Limestone from Wales, delivered at \ «Q « o
Appledore, averages }
Barging from thence to Lord Rolle's Canal 0 0 6
Tolls and conveyance on the Canal to join the Railway, J a 1 0
being a distance of six miles J
Cost at the end of the Canal, per Ton 0 4 9
Loading and Unloading 0 0 2
0 4 11
As Lord Rolle now uses all the Limestone conveyed on his
Lordship's Canal, at his own Limekilns, there is none sold at
Torrington at present.
Limestone from Wales may be rendered at New Bridge, \ «0 fi .
for, per Ton J
At lddesleigh Bridge, for 0 6 9
And at Jacobstowe Bridge, for 0 7 3
The present price of Culm at Swansea, is, per Ton 0 6 0
Freight to Bideford 0 4 0
Barging to Lord Rolle's Canal 0 0 6
Say for Canal Tolls, Haulage, and Canal Barges, 2d. per ( n 1 n
Ton per Mile \ u A u
Cost at the end of Lord Rolle's Canal 0 11 6
Loading and Unloading 0 0 3
0 11 9
Culm may be rendered by the Railway
At New Bridge, at per Ton 0 12 11
At lddesleigh Bridge, at 0 13 7
At Jacobstowe Bridge, at 0 14 1
At Okehainpton, at 0 14 10
The present price of Coal at Newport, is, per Ton 0 8 6
Freight to Bideford 0 4 6
Barging to Lord Rolle's Canal 0 0 6
Canal Tolls, Haulage, and Canal Barges, say 3d. per Ton » ft 1 fl
per Mile J u l e
Unloading Barges, and loading Railway Waggons 0 0 4
Cost at the end of the Canal 0 15 4
Coals may be rendered by the Railway at New Bridge, \ n 17 '
perTon ) u 1/ l
At lddesleigh Bridge 0 18 1
At Jacobstowe Bridge 0 18 10
AtOkehampton 0 19 11$
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDBFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 183
The above prices are prime cost, and independent of ware-
housing and merchant's profit. Coals now cost at Okeharapton,
one pound fifteen shillings and nine-pence per ton; but both
coals and culm will be delivered at Okehampton at least fifteen
shillings per ton under its present cost. General merchandize
now costs one pound twelve shillings per ton for carriage from
Bideford ; when this railway is completed, they may be conveyed
for eight shillings, thus saving one pound four shillings per ton.
The present price of Lime at Bideford is, per Bushel £0 1 1
Above Bideford, and below Lord Rolle's Canal 0 1 2
At the Bridge at Torrington 0 14
At Southtawton Kilns 0 14
At Sourton Limekilns 0 14
At Meldon Limekilns 0 15
When this Railway is completed, Lime may be rendered at
the following prices per bushel : — at Jacobstowe Bridge, if the
Limestone can be had from Okehampton, at one shilling and two-
pence : if from Wales, at one shilling and seven-pence ; at Iddes-
leigh Bridge, at one shilling and three-pence, or one shilling and
six-pence respectively ; at New Bridge, at one shilling and four-
pence or one shilling and five-pence respectively. If Limestone
cannot be had from Okehampton, I beg to recommend that Lime
be burnt at the lower end of the Railway, instead of at New
Bridge, Iddesleigh Bridge, and Jacobstowe Bridge, as the Lime
can be conveyed on the Railway in covered waggons, and rendered
cheaper than if Limestone and Culm were taken up and burnt.
In this case, supposing Lime to cost one shilling and three-pence
at Torrington, it may be delivered at New Bridge at one shilling
and four-pence halfpenny ; at Iddesleigh Bridge, at one shilling
and five-pence halfpenny ; and at Jacobstowe Bridge, at one shil-
ling and sixpence. The supposition that Lime can be sold at
Torrington, allowing to the Lime burner his present profit, at one
shilling and threee-pence, in place of one shilling and four-pence,
arises from this consideration, that Limestone can be brought from
Bideford to Torrington at a less expense when the Railway is con-
structed the whole distance, than at present, when it is obliged to
be removed from the barges, which bring it to the end of the
Canal into the Canal boats.
With respect to the time required for performing the works, I
beg to say, they may be accomplished in two years from the period
of their commencement, provided the Railway is begun in several
places at the same time. As the greatest portion of the stone
blocks must be had from the granite Tors, near Okehampton, the
Railway should be commenced at that end, and the iron rails had
from Wales, vi& Tavistock; and as the excavation of the two
Tunnels will require some time, three sets of men should work
day and night at each end of them, each set continuing eight
hours. Other gangs of men should be stationed at such places as
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
184 THE BIDBFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
may be hereafter determined on, so that they may progress to
meet each other.
And now, Gentleman, having complied with your instructions,
and reported on the several points to which my attention was
directed, I conclude with assuring you, that this line of Railway,
if adopted, will be found to answer all the purposes contemplated.
The method of improvement is now before you, and I feel con-
vinced you will embrace it with pleasure.
I have the honour to remain,
Gentlemen,
Your obedient, humble Servant,
ROGER HOPKINS, Civil Engineer, m.i.ce.
Okehampton, October £4, 1881.
A ST A TEMBNT of the Length of each Property through which the Railway
from Lord Belle's Canal, near Torrington, to Meldon Quarries, beyond Ohe-
hampton, is proposed to pass; — and the Names of the respective Proprietors^ <fce.
NAMES OF PROPRIETORS.
LENGTHS.
Miles.
Farloogs Chains. Yards.
Right Honourable Lord Rolle
Wooley Lake
Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, Bart.
Mr. John Snell
Mr. Henry Day
Mr. George Arnold
Mr. Edward Hanford
Messrs. William and Anthony Snell
Mr. John Arnold
Mr. William Webber
J. H. Furze, Esq.
Mr. Thomas Stafford
Right Honourable Lord Clinton
Mr. John Budd
Thomas Owen, Esq
Mr. John Hooper
Thomas Owen, Esq
Mr. William Budd
Thomas Owen, Esq
Mr. John Hooper
Thomas Owen, Esq .*
J. T. Johnson, Esq
Sir Stafford Northcote, Bart
Mr. George Arnold
Mr. William Arnold
John Morth Woollcombe, Esq
Sir Stafford Northcote, Bart, and others .
Sir Stafford Northcote, Bart
Breadth of River near Iddesleigh Bridge .
Mr. Robert Arnold
Joseph Oldham, Esq
J. D. Burden, Esq
Hugh Mallett, Esq
Charles Burton, Esq
11
9
17
11
11
11
11
11
a
ii
16
11
17
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THB BIDBFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 185
NAMES OF PROPRIETORS.
LENGTHS.
Miles.
Furlongs
Chains.
Yards.
Mr. John Ash
2
4
6
8
9
8
Mr. John Huxtable
The Representatives of the late Albany »
Savile, Esq J
12
To the White Hart Inn, Okehampton
The Representatives of the late A. Savile, Esq.
Mr. Frederick Williams
The Representatives of the late A. Savile, Esq.
Solon Luxmoore, Esq
18
...
4
...
"i
l
6
1
6
3
1
2
1
4
1
1
5
2
12
16
6
The Representatives of the late A. Savile, Esq.
Mr. Richard Rich
T. B. Luxmoore, Esq
Henry Hawkes, Esq
6
16
The Representatives of the late A. Savile, Esq.
Mrs. Sparke
Charles Luxmoore, Esq
6
To the bottom of proposed inclined )
plane, if Limestone is found where >
expected )
wharles Luxmoore, Esq
19
2
l
5
18
To Meldon Quarries
21
l
5
18
A TABLE of the Distances and Rises of the proposed Railway from Lord
Rolle's Canal, near Torrington, to Meldon Quarries, beyond Okehampton.
Description of the proposed Line of Railway.
Distances.
Rises.
fi
a a
Si
2°
From the Canal across Woolev^
Lake, through a Tunnel at Wool-
ey Farm, and another Tunnel at
Little Warham to Beaford Bridge .
From Beaford Bridge by New- \
Bridge to Iddesleigh Bridge ... /
From Iddesleigh Bridge to the pro- "|
posed Bridge across the river 1
Okement, near the south end of f
Norwood Common J
Miles
3
7
6
1
Fur.
6
2
1
2
Chns.
2
1
5
7
Yds.
21
9
4
Feet.
89
87
227
72
Inch.
3
4
4
5
lin.
224
439
144
98
Inch.
Si
54
From thence to the White Hart \
Inn, Okehampton J
8|
Average Rise 25ft 8 in. in a mile ...
or less than 3£ inches in a chain
or one in 206.
From the White Hart Inn, Oke- }
hampton, on the East side of 1
the West Okement to Meldon |
Quarries J
18
2
4
4
6
9
12
6
476
211
4
11
66
12
21
1
5
18
688
3
...
...
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
186 THE BIDBFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
A GENERAL SCALE of TONNAGE proposed to be Charged on all kinds of
Goods and Passengers conveyed on (he Railway, for Tolls and Conveyance.
GOOD3, AND WHENCE CONVEYED.
si
"5
u
Ascending Trade.
Coals from Torrington
For any shorter distance 3d. per Ton per Mile
Culm from Torrington
For any shorter distance 2d. per Ton per Mile
General Merchandise from Torrington
For any shorter distance 4d. per Ton per Mile
Passengers from Torrington
For any shorter distance l£d. per Mile.
#. d.
1 9
1 2
2 4
0 10
t. d.
2 9
1 10
3 8
1 4
$. d.
3 6
2 4
4 8
1 9
4 7J
3 1
6 0
2 0
I?
S*
1
c
f. d.
1 0
1 0
0 7
#. d.
1 6
1 9
1 0
f. d.
2 0
2 9
1 6
#. d.
3 0
4 0
2 0
Descending Trade.
Limestone from Quarries near Okehampton...
For any shorter distance 2d. per Ton per Mile.
Granite and Slate from Okehampton
For any shorter distance 3d. per Ton per Mile.
Timber and Bark 4d. per Ton per Mile
Pipe Clay and Potter's Clay 3d. per Ton
per Mile
Agricultural Produce, and all other Com-
modities, 3d. per Ton per Mile.
Passengers from Okehampton
For any shorter distance l£d. per Mile.
The REPORT of Roger Hopkins, Civil Engineer, on the
proposed Okehampton Railway being extended from the head of
Lord Rolle's Canal to Bideford, addressed to the Committee of
Investigation.
Gentlemen,
In conforming to your directions, I have examined the country,
from the head of Lord Rolle's Canal, in the parish of St Giles,
to the town and port of Bideford, and having taken the levels,
and measured the distances, I now beg leave to lay before you my
report on three lines of Railway which may be made; and an
estimate of the expense of each, so that you may be enabled,
hereafter, to choose that which shall appear the most expedient.
For the formation of the first line, I have calculated on Lord
Rolle's Canal being converted into a Railway, which should be
extended from the top of the Canal inclined plane, to the Quays
below the Bridge at Bideford, on the same, or western side of the
river; this I have delineated on the Map by a green line, I
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 187
propose that the fall of the Okehampton Railway, from Wooley
Tunnel to the head of Lord Rolle's Canal, should be four feet less
than intended, and that this Railway should commence six feet
six inches above the Canal. As the Torrington Mills, which are
situate a mile and a quarter from the head of the Canal, are
supplied with water from that channel, it becomes necessary that
a new line of Railway should be made by the side of the present
Canal, to this place, in order that the mills may be supplied with
water from the same source, and in the same abundance as they
are at present. In about seven furlongs from the commencement,
the Railway should fall four feet, and cross from the eastern to
the western side of the Canal, pass below the upper Limekilns
and the Mills, and falling two feet six inches, join the line of
Canal which may be occupied from thence to the top of the
inclined plane, with but few deviations. In consequence of the
arch across the Canal, over which the turn-pike road from
Torrington to Hatherleigh passes, not being more than five feet
in height ; and ten feet being required for the passing of a Steam
Engine, it becomes necessary to turn the Railway a little at this
place, and to erect a new Bridge of sufficient height. A deviation
is also required at Staple Yale Bridge, in order to cross the
Bideford turn-pike road, on a level, and to straighten the Railway.
For this purpose a new embankment will be requisite, which may
be partly made by the removal of the present one. At the end
of the Aqueduct, is a very sudden curve, which will require being
lessened by a slight deviation of the turnpike-road. There are
also two other curves which may be altered in a similar manner.
The distance from the head of the Canal to the top of the in-
clined plane, where the Railway is proposed to turn off, is five
miles, three furlongs, one chain, and thirty links. Near the
inclined plane is a valley which must be crossed by a high
embankment, and from hence, to Landcross Pill, the Railway may
be formed without much expence, except for the distance of a
quarter of a mile, which must be made on the side of a very
steep hill, and through rock. To cross Landcross Pill, another
high embankment is required, as well as a Bridge of thirty feet
span, and from about half a mile beyond this place to Bideford,
the Railway will be very expensive, in consequence of its being
necessary to deviate the turnpike-road, and excavate in the rock,
for forming the Railway, for more than half a mile in length ;
and to build walls and embank outside the present turnpike-road,
for a distance of five hundred and seventy yards. The length
from the top of the Canal inclined plane to Bideford Bridge, will
be about three miles, four furlongs, and five chains ; and the fall
from nearly half a mile above the inclined plane to the Quays,
below the Bridge, will be forty-five feet, or to be eleven feet,
three inches, in a mile, or less than an inch and three quarters in
the chain. The length of this line, from the head of the Canal,
to Bideford Bridge, would thus be eight miles, seven furlongs,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
188 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
six chains, and thirty links. I propose that the Railway should
be extended on the Quays three hundred and eight yards, and
that four hundred yards of branch Railways and Turn-outs should
be made in the whole line.
The SECOND line of Railway, which is the same as the pre-
ceding one, to below the Mill, and is shewn from thence by a
yellow line on the Map, is proposed, in the event of the bed of
the Canal not being used. In that case it must cross the Canal
by a Swing Bridge just below the Mills, and be formed, by the
excavation of the rock under the Castle Hill, to Torrington
Bridge, two feet six inches above the level of the water in the
Canal, where a new Bridge will be required as before described.
From hence the forming is very easy, for a distance of six hun-
dred and sixty yards, but afterwards it must be cut out of the
rock under Torrington Common, to Staple Vale Bridge. At
this place it will be necessary to pass under the turnpike-road
by another Arch, and to make an embankment across Staple Vale,
and a cutting through the Factory Ground; after which the
Railway must be formed in the rock to Beam Farm Road, under
which it should pass by an arch. The distance to this place
would be three miles, five furlongs, four chains, and seventy
links; from hence the Railway should proceed to Wear Mill,
prior to arriving at which a high embankment becomes necessary,
but the length is not great. The Railway would pass above the
houses at Wear Mill, and Weir Dock ; and about one hundred
yards behind Wear Gifford Church. A deep cutting will be re-
quired in the meadow above the Church, of about three hundred
yards in length, and this I propose to arch over the Railway and
cover with turf, to prevent injury to the land. — Embankments
will be required at Hall's Pill, and Addlehole, but not expensive
ones. — The Railway to fall on a regular inclination, from Beam
Farm to Addlehole, forty-six feet six inches in the whole dis-
tance, or about two inches and a half in a chain. In passing
through Mr. Buck's property, very little injury will be done to the
land, as the Railway will be formed for more than two miles
nearly close to the river, and for most of the distance under the
cliff. From thence to Bideford Bridge an embankment and dry
wall will be required; and below the bridge about eighty-four
yards of mortar wall. Four movable, or sliding bridges will be
also necessary in the ship-builders' yards. It is proposed to lay
the Railway six hundred and twenty-two yards below the Bridge,
but all quays except those before mentioned, should be built by
the parties requiring them. About four hundred yards of branch
Railways and turn-outs, will be also required. The length of this
Line, on the eastern side of the River, from Beam Farm to
Bideford Bridge, is five miles, four chains, and sixty-three links.
— The total length from the head of the Canal thus being eight
miles, five furlongs, nine chains, and sixty-three links.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 189
The THIRD Line of Railway is proposed to be the same as the
first, as far as Landcross Point, at which place it should cross
the river by an embankment, and a Bridge of three cast iron
arches, each fifty feet span, and on the eastern side should thence
follow the same Line as the second. That part of the third Line,
which is different from the other two, is shown by a brown line on
the map of the country. No part of this Railway to fall more
than two inches and a half in the chain ; and the whole distance
of this Line to Bideford Bridge, will be just the same as the first,
eight miles, seven furlongs, six chains, and thirty links.
From the calculations which I have made, I esti-
mate the expense of the First Line of Railway,
including the whole of the works necessary for
its completion, at
Purchase of Land required, exclusive of Lord ^
Rolle's Canal, — 18 acres, at £40* per acre /
SECOND Line of Railway, vid Wear Gifford, and 1
entirely independent of Lord Rolle's Canal /
Purchase of Land, where required, a great part of ]
the Railway being intended to be made under I
the cliff and Rocks, where there is no land j
occupied, — 25 acres, at £30. per acre J
£21,047 16 8
720 0 0
£21,767 16 8
25,561 12 0
750 0 0
£26,311 12 0
THE THIRD Line of Railway, crossing the River
at Landcross Point, was only suggested yester-
day, and I have not therefore sufficiently ex-
amined it to state accurately the expense ; but
I believe it will be found not to exceed that of
the first Line of Railway ,
A FOURTH Line of Railway might be formed ^
by the adoption of the first Line, from the
head of the Canal to Beam Farm : and of the
second, from thence, vid Wear Gifford, to the
Proposed termination below Bideford Bridge,
'he expense of the first Line to Beam Farm
(Lord Rolle's Canal being converted into a Rail-
way) would be
And of the second Line, from thence to the termi- \
nation /
The total expense in this case, exclusive of compo- \
sition for Lord Rolle's Canal, would be /
- £21,767 16 8
6,115 6 4
12,978 0 0
£19,093 6 4
Having now laid before you a description of the various Lines,
with estimates of each separately, I beg to state my opinion as
to the eligibility of each side of the river at Bideford, for the
purpose of terminating the Railway. With respect to the ter-
mination of the first line on the Western side of the river ; — this,
certainly, is the best calculated for the traffic in Coals, Shop
goods, Agricultural produce, and general Merchandise; as there
are Coal Cellars, Warehouses, and Quays already built, which
may be used for them; whereas, in the event of the Railway
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
190 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
terminating on the Eastern side, new buildings must be erected.
The Western side is also best situated for the accommodation of
passengers, the principal Inns being in the immediate vicinity.
The probable receipts for the Tolls, and conveyance of Goods
and Passengers conveyed on the Railway, exclusive of the quan-
tities of Limestone, Culm, Coals, and other Goods, now carried
on Lord Rolle's Canal, may be stated as follows : —
Lime, for the supply of the country
around New Bridge, Iddesleigh Bridge,
and Jacobstowe Bridge, as stated in my
Prospectus of the proposed Railway
from Lord Rolle's Canal to Okehamp-
ton
Being 2d. per ton per mile for tolls and
conveyance, and twelve bushels being
reckoned one ton.
Culm, for the supply of 22 kilns around
Okehampton
Coals, for the supply of the district from
Beaford Bridge to Okehampton, and
the surrounding country, at Zd. per ton
per mile
Pipe Clay, and Potter's Clay, for
exportation, double the quantity stated
in my former Prospectus, as the faci-
lity of transit, and its superior quality
will ensure an increased sale
G ran its, especial ly Granite Posts
Slate
Timber, and Bark growing near the line
of Railway, Foreign Timber, and Build-
ing Stone ,...
Raw, and Manufactured Goods
General Merchandise, as particularly
described in my former Prospectus
Agricultural Produce for exportation.
Conveyance of Passengers, 40 per-
sons each day, at an average price of
3*. 6d. each, for 313 days, ...£2,191
Deduct amount in my former
Prospectus £ 989
£1,252 )
Deduct for expenses, one half the amount ^
stated in my Report on the Railway I
from Okehampton to the Canal, the |
distance being one half J
Nett probable Receipts per annum, being \
more than 15 per cent on £27,000 /
No. of
Tons.
Price
per Ton
17,500
6,600
6,000
6,000
1,500
950
520
t. d.
1 6
1 6
2 3
2 3
2 3
3 0
2 3
I
1,312
495
675
675
168
10
80
30
142
58
1,252
4,899
740
4,159
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 191
By making an inclined plane from Torrington Bridge to the
top of the Castle Hill, a communication would be opened with
Great Torrington, and a great increase of traffic on the Railway
would be the result; and very great benefits would arise to the
town. Many of the inhabitants are exceedingly anxious for it,
and it certainly would be a great acquisition to the Railway. I
have not, however, calculated on any trade from Torrington in
the foregoing prospectus, the expense of the inclined plane, and
other works connected with it, not being included in my estimate.
— Great advantages would accrue to the town of Bideford, by the
extension of the Railway thither, from the increased number of
vessels which would frequent the port; and in whatever light
this Railway be viewed, it must appear to be a great desideratum
to the Agricultural, Commercial, and Shipping Interests of the
country in general.
I have the honour to remain,
Gentlemen,
Your most obedient, humble Servant,
ROGER HOPKINS, Civil Engineer, ii.lc.b.
Okehampton, November 8, 1831.
NAMES of the Proprietors of the Lands, through which the proposed Lines of
Railway ; from the head of Lord Rolls' s Canal, to Bideford, would pass, and
the lengths of the respective Proprietors.
FIRST LINE coloured green, where it deviates and extends from the Line of
Canal, this Line being proposed, on the supposition that Lord Rolls'* Canal
may be converted into a Railway.
No.
1. Right Honourable Lord Rolle
2. Commoners Inhabitants of Torrington ...
Right Honourable Lord Rolle, (Canal) ...
4. Commoners of Torrington
Right Honourable Lord Rolle, (Canal) ...
8. — Coffin, Esq. (land required for three )
deviations) J
Right Honourable Lord Rolle, (Canal) ...
Distance to the top of the Canal inclined \
plane, where the Railway is proposed to >
turn off J
8. —Coffin, Esq
9. William Tardrew, Esq
10. Right Honourable Lord Rolle
11. Captain Sanders
12. James Smith Ley, Esq
18. Captain Sanders
14. — Pyke, Esq
Sea Beach
To Bideford Bridge
— Willett, Esq. (Public Quays)
Total length
LENGTHS.
If ilea. Furlongi Chains. Yards.
11
11
15
13
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
192 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1881.
SECOND LINE, coloured yellow, entirely independent of the Canal.
LENGTHS.
No.
Miles.
Furioogt
Chains.
Tarda.
1. Right Honourable Lord Rolle
1
i
"2
...
1
6
3
4
2
1
7
2
2
1
2
6
8
6
2
3
"i
7
2
7
3
5
1
1
*3
1
i
i
11
2. Commonen Inhabitants of Torrington ...
3. Right Honourable Lord Rolle
11
15
4. Commoners Inhabitants of Torrington ...
6. (in- \
closed Lands leased to Lord Rolle)... J
6. Commoners Inhabitants of Torrington ...
7. Right Honourable Lord Rolle
8. Right Honourable Earl Fortescue
9. Right Honourable Lord Rolle
10. John Benson, Esq
11. Right Honourable Lord Rolle
...
12. Lewis William Buck, Esq., M.P.
13. Beach, in dispute between Mr. Buck i
and Mr. Thomas Burnett 1
14. Beach, in dispute between Mr. Buck 1
and the Trustees of Bideford Bridge J
15. L. W. Buck, Esq. M.P
1 6. The Trustees of Bideford Bridge
16J
174
10
17. Mr. Thomas Atwill
18. Mrs. Mary Wilcocks
19. Charles Smale, Esq.
"h
20. Right Honourable Lord Rolle
2
21. Mr. John Ford
22. Mrs. T. Wilcocks
23. Mr. John Ford
4
101
151
24. Admiral Glynn, R.N
25. James Smith Ley, E9q
26. Mr. William Williams
27. Thoma9 Moore Stevens, Esq
28. Mrs. Mary Wilcocks
164
13
14
13
161
29. Mr. Hugh Handcock
51
30. (Bridge Land) Mr. John Boiler, Leasee...
31. James S. Ley, Esq.
11
18
32. The Trustees of Bideford Bridge
4i
To Bideford Bridge
Breadth of Ditto
8
9
5
i
9
"i
2
i
l
"i
8
«1
6
83. (Bridge Land) Mr. Buck, Lessee
34. Mrs. T. Wilcocks
35. Mrs. Mary Wilcocks
86. Mr. George Cook
87. Mrs. Mary Wilcocks
15
2
H
15
151
88. Mr. Henry Tucker
161
89. Mr. James Vickery
15
40. Mr. William Brook
41. L. W, Buck, Esq. M.P
81
Total length
7
131
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1881. 193
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT of Roger Hopkins, Civil
Engineer, to the Committee of the proposed Okbhampton and
Bidbford Railway.
Gentlemen,
In pursuance of your directions of the eighth instance, I have
been at Great Torrington, and examined as to the best method of
making a branch communication from the proposed Railway
thither. — And I beg to recommend that an inclined plane be made
from near a Foot Bridge, which crosses Lord Rolled Canal, near
Torrington Bridge, along the Common, to the top of the Castle
Hill, near the bowling-green. — The inclined plane would be five
hundred and fifty yards in length, in addition to which there
should be thirty yards of level Railway at the bottom, and fifty
yards at the top ; the inclined plane to rise ten feet, two inches
and a half in every chain, or about five inches and a half in a
yard, and the total rise will therefore be two hundred and fifty-
five feet, two inches and a half, to be formed eighteen feet wide,
and three rails to be laid parallel to each other, with suitable
passing places, The waggons to be drawn up by a water wheel,
chains, and machinery. The water for working the same to be
conveyed in a two feet culvert from the Torrington Mill, along
the bed of the present Canal, and under the proposed Railway.
I estimate the expense of making the inclined plane, with the
necessary passing places, water wheel, and other machinery,
chains, rollers, and culvert, for conveying the water, complete
at one thousand and seven hundred pounds.
From the enquiries which I have made at Torrington, I have
reason to believe that the following tonnage may be derived from
goods conveyed to and from that town.
Goals from Bideford, 8 Miles, at 3d. perl
Ton per Mile J
Salt, Soap, Sugar, Lead, and other Shop \
Goods /
Iron, and Ironmongery
Malt, Grain, and other Agricultural Pro- \
duce to and from Bideford /
Deduct for Repairs and working the In- 1
clined place /
Probable nett Receipts per Annum
No. of
Tons.
Price
per Ton
£
«.
d.
2,500
a. d.
2 0
250
0
0
200
2 6
25
0
0
200
2 6
25
0
0
150
2 6
18
15
0
218
15
0
50
0
0
268
15
"o~
In addition to what I have already stated, the Railway Com-
pany may derive seventy-five pounds per annum, for the convey-
ance of flour from Torrington Mill to Bideford, as I was informed
VOL. XXXIV. N
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
194 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
by the person who now rents the Mill of Lord Rolle, that he
sends yearly more than six hundred tons of flour in carts to
Bideford, to be shipped for Bristol, at an expense of six shillings
per ton, so that he pays annually one hundred and eighty pounds.
— Whereas it may be conveyed on the Eailway at two shillings
and sixpence per ton for seventy -five pounds, and the miller
would thus save one hundred and five pounds per annum.
I have examined the river at Landcross Point, where the
third Line of Railway described in my last Report, is proposed
to cross by a bridge, and embankment; and I beg to state that
the breadth of the river is six hundred feet at high water spring
tides, and one hundred and fifty feet at low water. I therefore
propose to erect three cast iron arches, each of fifty feet span, and
to embank the remaining distance of four hundred and fifty feet.
I am happy to inform you that my estimate of the total expense
of this Railway, including crossing the River, does not exceed
twenty-one thousand seven hundred and twelve pounds, being
fifty-five pounds less than the first line.
Having now reported on, and estimated the expense of the
various Works proposed to be performed, I beg to state in con-
clusion, that if the Company should fail in obtaining contractors
to execute the Works at my estimates, myself and sons will be
ready to perform the whole, or such parts as the Company may
determine to proceed with, at the sums stated in my reports.
I have the honour to remain,
Gentlemen,
Tour most obedient, humble Servant,
ROGER HOPKINS, Civil Engineer, ii.lcb.
Okehampton, November 11, 1831.
For some unexplained reason all the brilliant prospects
set forth in this report of Mr. Roger Hopkins were not
sufficient to carry the line through. In 1836 we find the
attention of some at least of its promoters diverted to what
was called "Stephenson's Line" (I have before me an
"Address of the Committee of Management," headed with
these words, and relying entirely on the surveys of the
famous engineers, George Stephenson and Mr. Bidder),
which was intended to " leave the London and Southampton
line at a point between Basingstoke and Winchester, and
proceed from thence towards Exeter, in as direct a course
through the centre of the south-western counties of Eng-
land as the features of the country would admit, with a
view to its ultimate extension to Plymouth and Falmouth."
In the list of this Committee of Management of 1836, of
what was afterwards to become the London and South-
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDBFORD AND OKBHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 195
Western Railway, I find many influential West-country
names, including those of the Earl of Devon, Sir Charles
Lemon, Edward W. W. Pendarves, M.P., H. Penruddocke, M.P.,
Thomas D. Botch, Henry Seymour, Sir William Salusbury
Trelawney, M.P., and W. C. Westlake. In the circular of this
Committee the name of their great engineer, Stephenson, is
printed in large capitals wherever it occurs, and possibly in
consequence of this more than 70,000 shares of £5 each were
subscribed for an issue of only 40,000.
But soon Eoger Hopkins's project of 1831 was to be re-
suscitated. In 1845 the prospectus was issued of "The
Bideford and Tavistock Eailway, with branches to Barn-
staple and Crediton," the engineers being now the sons of
the redoubtable Roger, Messrs. Rice and Thomas Hopkins.
The solicitor was Mr. Hull-Terrell, and the local agents were
Messrs. Burd and Son, of Okehampton, Henry Hawkes, Esq.,
of Okehampton, and James Rooker, Esq., of Bideford. This
line was to be in connection with a proposed extension of
the then South Devon Railway (for which an Act had been
obtained in 1844, just a year before) to Tavistock, to
bifurcate at Okehampton, whence one branch was to go
northward through Torrington to Bideford, the other east-
ward through Bow to Crediton, there to join the Exeter and
Crediton Railway, and thus on to the Great Western line at
Exeter. This prospectus, which is before me, as advertised
in the Cheat Western Advertiser, runs much on the lines of
old Roger Hopkins's report of fourteen years before, but one
or two pithy paragraphs are worth quoting here : —
The Port of Bideford, on the Bristol Channel, which has been
selected for the commencement of the Railway, already possesses
a large and increasing trade. Its imports of limestone, culm, coals,
and iron from Wales are very considerable ; whilst there are also
large imports of Foreign timber and general merchandize from
more distant parts, and exports of potters' clay, agricultural pro-
duce, &c. At the other end of the line are the important towns
of Plymouth, Devonport, and Stonehouse, with the Naval Ar-
senals, and a population (including their suburbs) of 100,000
inhabitant*, dependent, in part, for their supplies on the district
through which the Railway will pass. The intermediate towns of
Torrington, Okehampton, and Tavistock are the centres and
Markets of large agricultural districts, the produce of which will
be greatly enhanced by the abundant and cheap supply of lime
which this Railway will afford.
Between Torrington and Okehampton there are almost inex-
haustible beds of potters' clay and pipeclay, large quantities of
n 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
196 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
which are now sent to Bideford for exportation to Liverpool and
other places, and those quantities would be very greatly increased
by this cheap medium of conveyance. Great facilities would also
be thus afforded for the transport of the valuable timber which
abounds on the banks of the River Torridge, and which can at
present scarcely be brought to market on account of the expense
of conveyance.
In the neighbourhood of Okehampton, and extending towards
Tavistock and Launceston, are extensive beds of limestone and
numerous limekilns, which will receive their supplies of culm by
this railway from Bideford, and from those limekilns, as well as
from Bideford, the whole district can be well supplied with lime,
which is almost the only manure used by the agriculturalists in
the neighbourhood. There are also valuable slate quarries and
mines of copper ore, manganese, &c, the products of which will
be thus conveyed for exportation. About three miles from Oke-
hampton, and near the proposed line, are granite tors or hills of
great value, the granite being nearly white in colour, and capable
of receiving a high polish. Nothing but this Railway is wanting
to enable parties to export many thousands of tons of this beauti-
ful material for London and elsewhere.
Many parts of the district, particularly the neighbourhood of
Okehampton, possess advantages for the employment of capital
which this Railway will tend to call into action, there being in-
exhaustible powers of water for propelling machinery, which have
been hitherto unemployed from the want of communication with
the sea, the woollen trade is already partially carried on in the
neighbourhood of Okehampton ; but a very great extension of its
operations may be fully anticipated, when a facility of intercourse
is obtained.
The branch to Crediton will open, by means of the Exeter
and Crediton Railway, a communication between the northern
and western parts of the county and Exeter, where the assizes and
sessions are held, and the chief public business of the county is
transacted, and from whence passengers can proceed by Railway to
Bristol, London, and the North of England, as well as to the
much-frequented watering-places of Dawlish, Teignmouth and
Torquay.
The great importance of this Railway to the landholders and
general population in the central parts of the county through
which the line will pass, will appear from the fact that the price
of lime will be reduced to them 40 per cent., and of coal 50 per
cent.
The local population which would be benefitted by the con-
struction of this Railway exceeds three hundred thousand
PERSON8.
The Railway may be justly regarded as not merely a county,
but a national undertaking, as it will tend to shorten and facilitate
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 197
the communication between the great naval port of Plymouth and
the southern shores and central and eastern districts of Devonshire
with Ireland and Wales; the distance by sea from Bideford to
Swansea being not more than forty-two miles. When the South-
Wales Railway is constructed, travellers may go from the south of
Devon to Bideford by this Railway, cross from thence to Swansea
by steam-packets, and proceed by the former Railway to Fishguard
(where a great Irish packet-station is to be established), and to
Pembroke Dockyard and Milford- Haven.
This project seems to have fallen through by reason of the
decision of the directors of the South Devon Railway, after-
wards rescinded, not to extend their line from Plymouth to
Tavistock. But in 1852 and 1853 we find two rival schemes
in the field. A company, largely of Plymouth origin, had
been formed to construct the wanting line from Plymouth
to Tavistock ; and among its supporters I find the names of
Sir Ralph Lopes, Mr. (now Sir) Massey Lopes, Mr. Thomas
Gill, Mr. Copleston Lopes Radcliffe, Mr. J. Calmady Hamlyn,
Mr. John Bayly, and many other well-known men. Then
the South Devon Company woke up, determined to oppose
this newly formed company, and to construct their own line
to Tavistock, with the view apparently of extending it to
Okehanipton and Bideford. The vicissitudes of the two
companies — both "provisionally registered" in 1852 — formed
for the purpose of making the line between Plymouth and
Tavistock are rather difficult to follow; but by the end of
that year no fewer than four distinct routes between
Plymouth and Tavistock had been surveyed and adopted
by engineers of repute. These were —
1. The Plym Valley line, as laid out by Mr. Isambard
Brunei in 1846 — apparently that subsequently adopted by
the South Devon and Great Western Companies — con-
demned by Mr. T. C. Bell because " there are no fewer than
nine curves of only 20 chains radius between Tavistock and
the junction with the South Devon Railway, and one curve
of only 15 chains radius."
2. Mr. Rice Hopkins's line. This engineer appears to have
been the elder son of the old Roger Hopkins of 1831, and
his line is that which quite recently has been built by the
London and South Western Railway Company; also con-
demned by Mr. T. C. Bell for its "sharp curves, steep
gradients, and costly works " ; was to " cross the Tavy near
Tamerton Foliott, and run thence through the parish of
Beer-Ferrers to Tavistock."
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
198 THE BIDBFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831.
3. Mr. Locke's line, midway between the two already
mentioned ; condemned by Mr. T. C. BeU because of " a
gradient of 1 in 30 in a tunnel 790 yards in length " near
Sutton Pool and " an incline of 1 in 40 on the Union Eoad
branch."
And finally —
4. Mr. Bell's own proposed line, to commence at Eldad
(with power to extend southward hereafter, either to Stone-
house Pool or to the Plymouth Great Western Docks
at MiUbay), thence northerly to Honicknowle, falling into
Mr. Locke's line near Jump, across Eoborough Down to
the valley of the Meavy, and thence to Tavistock — with a
branch to Sutton Pool diverging from the main line near
Pennycomequick, and by a tunnel through Lipson Hill to
Coxside.
But while the engineers were fighting over these four
projects in Plymouth, two of them, Mr. T. C. Bell and
Mr. Rice Hopkins, were with equal vigour advocating rival
projects for the line from Bideford to Okehampton. The
two projects seem to have been almost identical, save only
in the personnel. Mr. Rice Hopkins's Company had for its
solicitors Messrs. Terrell, of London and Bideford ; and for
its local agents Mr. James Rooker, of Bideford, Mr. Evan
Price, of Torrington, and Mr. John Pearse, of Hatherleigh.
On the other hand, Mr. T. C. Bell's Company had as
solicitors Mr. Copleston Lopes Radcliffe, of Plymouth, Mr.
Bridgman, of Tavistock, Mr. Burd and Mr. Hawkes, of
Okehampton, and Mr. Fulford, of North Tawton ; and these
gentlemen seem to have also acted as its local agents.
I have before me a report in pencil of the meeting held
at Okehampton on the 18th September, 1852, the Mayor,
Mr. J. Carpenter, being in the chair, to support this last-
mentioned scheme. Among those present are mentioned
the Ven. Archdeacon Downall (Vicar of Okehampton),
H. C. Millett, Shilston Calmady Hamlyn, Jno. Crotch,
Jas. Crotch, H. R. Colling, H. Hawkes, E. Pearse, T. Gill,
Copleston Lopes Radcliffe, Isaac Nicol, J. Tattershall,
Geo. U. Wills, V. Bridgman, J. Marsh Burd, W. N. Bragg,
R. Fulford, J. Gower, E. Croote, J. Reddaway, W. P. Mitchell,
J. Vicary, C. Budd ; and many of these gentlemen spoke to
the various resolutions. The Okehampton subscription list,
started then and there, is worth quoting, the shares being
£20 each :—
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE BIDKFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1831. 199
Shares.
£
J. M. Woollcombe
100 ...
2,000
J. Silifant . .
50 ...
1,000
•Rev. H. Woollcombe .
20 ...
400
A. B. Savile . .
50 ...
1,000
S. Calmady Hamlyn .
50 ...
1,000
Henry Hawkes
25 ...
500
M. Hawkes . .
1 ...
20
W. Burd . .
25 ...
500
Rev. J. Downall (Vicar of Okehamp
ton, Archdeacon of Totnes) .
5 ...
100
Geo. Lacey .
4 ...
80
W. Paddon .
5 ...
100
H. Newton .
10 ...
200
H. Drew
. 10 ...
200
Wm, Seymour
2 ...
40
Mr. Brock .
5 ...
100
Mr. Treliving
2 ...
40
T. Simmons .
4 ...
80
E> M. Newcombe
2 ...
40
Rt. Drew .
1 ...
20
John Newcombe
2 ...
40
P. W. Eastman
1 ...
20
John Pitts .
1 ...
20
Richard Perry
1 ...
20
Jos. Westcott
1 ...
20
Chas. Seymour
5 ...
100
Jno. Heale .
5 ...
100
Thos. Chaming8
1 ...
20
Wm. Bray .
1 ...
20
Mr. Gibbings
1 ...
20
Mr. Hewitt .
1 ...
20
Mr. Townshend
1 ...
20
Mr. Scawn .
5 ...
100
Rev. Jno. Luxmoore .
. 25 ...
500
Mr. Langmead
2 ...
40
I have mentioned that the Act for the South Devon Rail-
way from Exeter to Plymouth vid Teignmouth, Totnes, and
Plympton was passed in 1844. But it was two years later,
in 1846, that another Act was obtained to authorise the
extension of that line to Torquay; and authority for a
further extension to Brixham was obtained in 1847.
It will thus be seen that a railway from Bideford to Oke-
hampton vid Torrington had been almost arranged for and
settled long before any other line in the south-west of
England. During the seventy years that have passed since
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
200 THE BIDEFORD AND OKEHAMPTON RAILWAY OF 1881.
the brave struggles of Roger Hopkins and John Morth
Woollcombe to carry this line through, struggles that very
nearly succeeded in attaining their object, the whole of the
south-west of England — Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall —
has gradually been covered with a network of railways — ex-
cept the only little corner of Devon that was first in the field.
Somewhat fitful attempts are still being made from time to
time to carry out Roger Hopkins's idea — to bring the Bristol
Channel, the Welsh coalfields, and the trade of Bideford
into direct communication with the fertile districts of West
Devon and with the great centres of population at Plymouth
and Devonport. As we all know, a part of that idea has
been accomplished. The railway has been carried from
Bideford to Torrington, probably because of the facilities
afforded by the existence of the old canal, constructed by
Lord Rolle at his own expense for the sake of the lime-
kilns on his property in days when the supply of lime was
a more vital matter than it is now. But there still remains
in the accomplishment of old Roger Hopkins's line an
hiatus valde deflendus that has not even yet been filled up.
The section between Torrington and Okehampton has to be
linked up before the ideas of 1831 can be said to have been
carried out, and before the value of Roger Hopkins's pre-
dictions as to the golden results to be expected from them
has been put to the test of actual experience. The time
will of course come when that section also will be com-
pleted. And when that time has arrived it will be interest-
ing to compare the promises of 1831 with the actual results
that have taken us so. long to arrive at.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
A HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH AT BIDEFOED
AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS.
BT REV. ROGER GRANVILLE, M.A.,
Sometime Rector of Bideford and Prebendary of Enter Cathedral.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
There have been apparently two other parish churches in
Bideford before the present one ; for when in 1862 the last
church was pulled down, the architect (Mr. Edward Ash-
worth) found traces of a much older, smaller, and probably
Saxon church, over which, in order that there might be no
interruption of the services, the second church had been
erected in Norman times.
The date of the erection of the Norman church is un-
known, but it must have been previous to the episcopate of
Bishop Bronescombe, with which the Diocesan Eegisters
commence, since there is no reference in them to the dedica-
tion. Dr. Oliver, in his Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Devon,
has erroneously given the date as November, 1259, that
annus mirabilis of religious activity and enthusiasm, in which
Bishop Bronescombe was called upon to consecrate no less
than forty rebuilt or enlarged churches in his diocese. But
Dr. Oliver misread Bridford in South Devon for Bideford,
and his error has unfortunately been perpetuated in several
local handbooks subsequently.
The rude cable moulding of the font, the oldest object of
antiquity that Bideford possesses, points to an early date in
the Norman period, and it has been suggested that the
church was probably built by Sir Eichard de Greinville, the
first Norman lord, who in the reign of William Eufus held
the manor of Bideford, inter alia, in fief of his brother,
Eobert Fitzhamon (on whom the honour of Gloucester had
been bestowed), and who came to reside in Bideford after
completing the magnificent Abbey of Neath, for which he
had employed the services of a celebrated Saracen architect
named Lelys.
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202 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDEFORD
The church, like the bridge, was built of the common
stone of the neighbourhood, but owing to repeated altera-
tions and additions, made in later years to meet the require-
ments of the growth of population, it was difficult to trace
the ancient outline ; but it is believed to have been in form
a proper cross, with a plain square tower rising to the height
of about seventy feet, standing, as it still does, at the west end.
In the Archiepiscopal Registers, under date 31st May, 1504,
it is styled the " church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Bide-
ford." This is the earliest mention of the name that I have
been able to discover. The south aisle was called the "Jesus "
aisle, where Mass in honour of the Name of Jesus was wont
to be said every Friday in the year, except Good Friday, for
the benefactors to the bridge. In a deed belonging to the
Corporation of Barnstaple John Aps " grants and confirms "
to nine trustees a tenement in High Street, Barnstaple,
charging on it "the annual payment of four shillings of
English money, for the repairs and maintenance of Bideford
Bridge, on the condition that the chaplain celebrating at
Bideford for the benefactors of that bridge every Friday,
in the south aisle of the church there, according to the use
of the same, shall year by year celebrate a mass of Jesus,
which begins thus, ' In the Name of Jesus/ etc., with music
or without as may happen, if he is able, Good Friday only
excepted." The deed is dated " St. Barnabas's Day 4 Ed. IV.
[11 June] 1464."
At the commencement of the sixteenth century Sir Thomas
Graynfyld left money for the erection of a chantry in this
south aisle, and endowed it for " a Preste to sing there, to
pray for me and myn auncestors and heires for ever. The
said Preste and Pore men to be put in by discrecion of myn
heires and executors. Farther I will that my said chappell,
whennsoever it bee made, and the church of Bedyforde the
meane season, have my Cope of Tissue and my Vestiment of
the same, and a suet of blacke velvet to be made of such
velvet gownys as I have, by discrecion of myn heires and
executors."
One of the glebe fields belonging to the living is usually
known as " Sentry Field," a corruption, in all probability, of
Chantry, and possibly it provided the endowment for this
chantry. A handsome monument was erected to the memory
of Sir Thomas Graynfyld in this chantry. It consists of a
freestone table, upon which he lies extended in the armour
of the time.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS. 203
" The pauldrons and coudieries are ornamented, and the brassart
and vambraces puffed or ribbed. Taces, to which are appended
deep lambeaux of overlapping plate, a large apron of chain mail,
and broad-toed sabbatons complete his costume. He is armed with
sword and misericorde. On his breast hangs a double chain. The
head of the effigy is, in accordance with a practice adopted towards
the end of the fifteenth century with armed figures, bare, but rests
on a tilting helmet, out of which is issuant a small shield charged
with the Grenville arms (three horseman's rests). In his hands he
holds his heart, an occurrence also frequent with mediaeval figures.
At his feet are two half dogs conjoined. Over the figure is an
arch with screen work, the top of which is muriated, and on the
frieze of the monument is the following Latin inscription in black
letter characters: —
«HIC JACET THOMAS GRAUNTVILD MILES PATR0K ISTI ECCEE
Q OBIIT XVIII DIE MENSIS MARCH A.D. MCCCCCXIII CUJ
ATE PPlCIET Dl AMEN.'
Below the effigy on the tomb on either side are shields displaying
his arms and those of his first wife, Gilbert (on a chevron three
roses), and two canopied niches for the figures of saints.11 1
This Sir Thomas Graynfyld took a prominent part
in the stirring times in which he lived. Together with
his cousins, the Courtenays and Sir Thomas Edgcombe, he
joined the Duke of Buckingham in his attempt to dethrone
Bichard III., and upon the dissolution of that ill-starred
confederacy was obliged to escape out of the kingdom ; but
upon the restoration of the House of Lancaster he was
appointed an Esquire of the Body of Henry VII. and High
Sheriff of Cornwall, and created a Knight of the Bath in
1500. His youngest daughter, Jane, was married, as his
second wife, to Wymond Raleigh, the grandfather of the
great Sir Walter Raleigh. Another daughter, Honor, after
marrying Sir John Basset, of Umberleigh, became the wife
of Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, the natural son of
Edward IV., and Deputy of Calais. Honor, who was no
friend to the Gospellers there, is described in Foxe's Book of
Martyrs as "an utter enemie to God's honour, and in Idolatrie,
hypocrisie, and pride, incomparably euill." Lord Lisle was
committed to the Tower, and " the wicked Lady his wife
immediately fell distraught of mind, and so continued many
years after. God for his mercy, if she yet live, give her his
grace to repent."
1 Mr. W. H. Hamilton Rogers, f.s.a., Sepulchral Effigies in the Parish
Churches of North Devon.
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204 A HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH AT BIDEFOBD
A list of the rectors of Bideford was kindly drawn up for
me from the Episcopal Registers at Exeter by Prebendary
Hingeston-Randolph in 1894, and annotated by the late Rev.
J. I. Dredge. This list, however, does not contain the name
of Sir Richard Gournard, who, according to Prince, in his
Worthies of Devon, is said to have been u the Priest of the
place," whose dream led to the building of the bridge. But
the absence of his name from the Episcopal Registers does
not disprove his existence. They only date back to 1257, and
it is quite certain that a bridge was in existence before the
time of Sir Theobald de Greinvile, who lived from circa 1334
to 1377, and whom Prince quotes as one of the principal
founders of the bridge, inasmuch as in the compotus of the
executors of the will of Bishop Stapeldon, who died in 1327,
that bishop is stated to have left forty shillings for the main-
tenance of Bideford Bridge. Fuller states that Bishop Quivil,
whose episcopate lasted from 1280 to 1291, was a furtherer
of the bridge ; and Westcote states that the family of Gour-
nard or Gurney owned lands in this neighbourhood about the
time of the Norman Conquest ; so that it is quite possible
that Sir Richard Gournard was one of the rectors here before
1257, however fabulous we may consider his dream to have
been, or rather its fulfilment, the huge boulder rolled down
from the hill above into the river-bed to mark the site for
the foundations of the future bridge. If this be so the
building of the original Long Bridge of Bideford must be
ante-dated a full hundred years beyond the time usually
assigned to its construction.
The earliest rector recorded in the Episcopal Registers is
one of whom Bideford may justly be proud, being no less a
person than the celebrated Henry de Brattone, or Bracton,
whom Lord Campbell describes as "one of the greatest
jurists who ever lived in any age or any country,"2 and of
whom Sir Travers Twiss writes : " As long as the Law of
England lives the memory of Bracton will never die."8 He
was instituted to Bideford on the presentation of Sir Richard
de Greinville on the morrow of St. Mark the Evangelist
(26th April), 1261. On the 21st of January, 1263-4, he
was appointed Archdeacon of Barnstaple, and on the 18th
of May, 1267, he was collated to the Chancellorship of
Exeter Cathedral. Some, I know, are of opinion that there
were two Henry de Brattones, but I rely on the authority of
Prebendary Hingeston-Randolph, Professor E. A. Freeman,
1 Lives of the Lord Chief Justices, I 63.
3 Bracton's De Legibus Anglie, ed. Twiss, ii. p. lxxx.
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AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS. 205
Mr. C. W. Boase, and the compiler of his notice in the
Dictionary of National Biography, Mr. J. M. Rigg, in assert-
ing that the great jurist and the Chancellor of Exeter
Cathedral are one and the same person. Brattone retained
the living of Bideford till his death, which occurred in 1268,
and he was buried before the altar of the Blessed Virgin in
the nave of Exeter Cathedral, on the north side of the choir
gates over against the screen. In later times the altar was
known as Bratton's altar.
For several generations the right of presentation to the
livings of Bideford and Kilkhampton (another Grenville
manor) was a matter of dispute. The honour of Gloucester
had been conferred, after Queen Matilda's death, upon Robert
Fitzhamon, Earl of Corbeil, the elder brother of Sir Richard
de Greinville, who held these two manors inter alia in fief
from him. Fitzhamon, out of a desire, it is said, to make
atonement for the wanton destruction of Bayeux Cathedral,
had commenced to build the Abbey of Tewkesbury, but was
slain at Falaise in 1107 before it was finished. Leaving no
male issue, his eldest daughter, Mabel, inherited his vast
wealth, and was married to Henry I.'s favourite bastard son,
Robert the Consul, who was accordingly created Earl of
Gloucester jure uxoris. They completed and endowed the
abbey, and apparently vested the advowson of the livings of
Bideford and Kilkhampton in the abbey. This was resented
in the reign of Henry II. by the then lord of the manors,
who became involved in legal proceedings with the abbot,
and in 1200 (2 Joh.) he paid forty marks and a palfrey to have
an azzize against him. It would seem, however, that he lost
his case, since two years after, the abbot having meanwhile
died, and in the interim of a fresh appointment, the King
presented to Kilkhampton "racione Abbatie de Teokesbiri
vacantis," " racione quod Abbatia de Theokesbiri est in manu
nostra." The lawsuit still continued, and it was not until
22 Hen. III. (1238) that a compromise was effected. In that
year, according to the Annates de Theokesberia, it was agreed
at Launceston, before William of York and his fellow-
justices itinerant, and in the presence of Richard, Earl of
Cornwall, brother to the King, and many others, that the
abbot and monastery quitted all their claims upon all former
controversies of them and their predecessors to the then Sir
Richard de Greinville, the fifth in succession of that name
and knightly rank, who on his part granted them five marks
yearly as long as he lived, and on his decease his lands in
Campden in Gloucestershire. After Sir Richard's death,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
206 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDEFORD
however, his widow brought forward her writ of dower and
gained the day ; but her son being a minor, the next pre-
sentations, both to Bideford and Kilkhampton, were made
by Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, the
heir by marriage of Eobert and Mabel, Earl and Countess of
Gloucester.
"Anno eodem, die Sancti Stephani [26th December, 1268] apud
Sanctum Germanum, Dominus Episcopus commisit Magistro
Rogero dicto Lecestria, Domini Papse Capellano, presentato ad
Ecclesium de Bydeforde vacantem, Exoniensis Diocesis, a nobili
viro Domino G[Ubert»>] de Clare, comite Gloucestrie, vero Patrono
Ecclesie memorate, custodiam sequestri sui in predicta Ecclesia
usque ad proximo venturum Festum Ascensionis Domini [2nd May,
1269]."
John de Dorsington, priest, was instituted in like manner
to Kilkhampton, 18th January, 1268-9.
" Ad presentacionem Nobilis Viri Domini G[ilberti] de Clare,
Comitis Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, racione custodie heredum et
terrarum Richardi de Greynville veripaboni."
Apparently an attempt to dispute the right of presentation
was made in after years, as we read in Bishop Nevyll's
Register, foL 7, that the advowson of the Church of Bide-
ford was annexed to the manor of Bideford. The right of
presentation continued in the Granville family until their
North Devon estates were disposed of by sale, about 1750,
when it became the property of Mr. Lewis Stucley, of the
Middle Temple, the ancestor of the present patron.
In the Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV. (1291) the rectory
was valued at xiiju vj8 viijd.
Dr. Oliver not only leads us astray respecting the con-
secration of the church, but gives as the sixth rector in
his list Augustine de Botfercombe, who obtained Bishop
Grandisson's licence 10th March, 1337, to attend for some
time on his patron, Hugh de Audeley. But the Doctor had
again misread the name of the parish. Bottercombe was
instituted to Lydford on the 15th of May, 1332 (Patron Sir
Hugh de Audeleghe,) and held that living till 1349, when he
was probably carried off by the Black Death. Curiously
enough, however, Dr. Oliver is not the only person who
misread Bideford for Lydford. The following entries were
found by Mr. Dredge in the Calendar of the Patent Bolls,
Edward III., 1327-30:—
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AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS. 207
Presentation of William de Welingdure to the
" 1328 church of Bydyford in the diocese of Exeter in
May 29 the King's gift by reason of his custody of the
Hereford, lands and heir of Henry de Grenevil tenant in
chief.
Mav 29 ^"ne ^e °* ^*Hiam de Welly ngoure to the church
x, % , of Lydeford in Dertemore in the diocese of Exeter
Hereford. [p ^
July 8
Protection with clause nolumus, for one year, for
t^ ii William de Wellyngore parson of the church of
Dudley- Lideford [p. 307]/'
Prebendary Hingeston-Bandolph, having been consulted,
wrote : —
"I doubt Welyngoure's ever having been Rector of Bideford.
William de Welyngoure, clerk, was instituted to ' Lydeforde '
(by proxy William de Neuwtone) X. Kalendar Julii (22 June)
1328 ; Patron the King ' Apud Donyate viij die Junii ' (Regist.
Grandisson, iii. 2b). But there is not a word about his presentation
or institution to Bideford. The dates are remarkable, and specially
the date which Grandisson's Registrar goes out of his usual way
to give — viz. the date of the presentation to Lydeforde viij June.
Your authority gives May 29 for both presentations. It is my
belief that the people round Edward III. made the same mistake
as Dr. Oliver made hundreds of years afterwards. Lydford was
in the King's gift. That it was void was notified to the King.
The clerks bungled over the name, taking ' Lydeforde ' for * Byde-
forde.' This latter was then also in the King's gift 'racione
cnstodie.' So the King gave it to Welyngoure when it was not
void. The mistake was discovered the same day, and the dupli-
cate * Presentacio ' was made out, correcting the name of the
benefice. Probably Welyngoure had gone off with Presentacio
No. 1 in the interval. The revised Presentation was made to the
Bishop a few days later, and he instituted Welyngoure accord-
ingly. Hence the curious little bit of unaccustomed information
about the 8th of June. Hence, too, perhaps the curious adden-
dum * in Dertemore ' as a sort of picturesque description of
Lydford, as if to define the place clearly after the bungle that
had been made. The fact that Grandisson instituted Welyn-
goure to Lydford on the 22nd of June, and not at all to Bideford,
in a further strong confirmation of my theory."
Two brothers belonging to a noble Northamptonshire
family succeeded one another as rectors of Bideford in the
fourteenth century, viz. Nicholas and Robert de Braybroke.
The former was instituted 29th September, 1351, and ex-
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
208 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDEFORD
changed with his brother for the archdeaconry of Cornwall
26th July, 1381 ; the latter was a man of considerable note.
After studying civil law at Oxford, he took the degree of
licentiate therein, and, having held several livings in the
dioceses of Ely and Lincoln, was collated to prebendal
stalls in the cathedrals of York, Lincoln, and Lichfield. In
1376 he was appointed Archdeacon of Cornwall In 1379
he was made Canon Eesidentiary of Salisbury, and Dean of
the same cathedral 1380. He held the Great Seal of
England from 20th September, 1381, to 10th March, 1383.
By a bull of Pope Urban he was consecrated Bishop of
London 5th January, 1381-2, in succession to Bishop
Courtenay, promoted to the primacy, and on whom he
placed the pall with great ceremony 6th May, 1382.
Apparently he held this living till the summer of 1382, as
his successor was instituted by commission dated 18th
September, 1382. He died the 27th of August, 1404, and
was buried in his own cathedral, where a fine brass remained
intact as late as 1641. Dugdale, who gives an engraving of
it, relates that on the destruction of St. Paul's by fire in
1666, Braybroke's coffin was shattered by the fall of a
portion of the ruins, and the body taken out in a wonderful
state of preservation.4
On the 15th July, 1457, a jury found that Alverdiscott
Church, a parish some five miles distant, was a pensionary to
Bideford for half of the tithes of the hamlet of Bullworthy *
But another jury called in Bideford Church 30th August,
1499, expressly decided, after hearing evidence, that Alver-
discott Church was not pensionary. This, however, must
have been subsequently again reversed, as the living of
Bideford is to this day augmented by a payment of £28 a
year on Bullworthy tithes. In Risdon's MS. Survey we
find as follows: —
" Bulworthie is annext unto Wear Tything, and belongeth unto
the Hundred of Shebbear, although interlaced with other lands in
Fremington Hundred. It was the lands of Reginald de Bul-
worthie in the Reign of King Henry 3. This Tything belongeth
to the Parson of Bideford/'
Two oratories were licensed in this parish by Bishop
Stapeldon. The first licence, dated 11th January, 1311-12,
was in favour of Bertinus (Bartholomew) de Greynvile and
4 Dugdale' 8 History of St. PauVs ; cf. also Newcourt's Bepertorium,
i. 20. 6 Bishop Nevyll's Register, foL 77.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS. 209
Amya, his wife ; the second, dated 7th March, 1322-3, was
in favour of David de Servyngton and Alianora> his wife,
within their manor of Upcot. The Bishop was careful to
insert the saving clause : —
" Dum tamen ydonee ad Matricem Ecclesiam pro Divinis audi-
endis accedere nequeant et Eectoris consensus accedat etc., et
Matri Ecclesia nullum ex hoc prejudicium generetur."
One of the glebe fields is called "Chapel Hays," which
Watkins, is his Essay towards a History of Bideford, 1792,
takes to be a corruption of Chapel -of -Ease. According to
Chambers, however, the term "Hay," "Haya," or "Haye"
signifies an inclosure fenced in with rails. In this field,
before Watkins's time, there were ruins of an ancient build-
ing still in existence, which were probably those of a chapel
for the use of those living East-the- Water at a distance
from the church. John Walhop, rector, was licensed in the
years 1420 and 1421 to officiate in the chapels of St. Mar-
garet and of St. Katherine in this parish, one of which may
have been the " Chapel Hays " in question.
A small chapel also stood originally at the eastern end of
the Long Bridge. This is styled, in a writ dated 11th June,
1342, the Chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr ; but in Bishop
Nevyll's Register it is spoken of as dedicated to St. Anne ;
and Bishop Lacy, in 1455, commends it under this name to
the charitable consideration of the faithful. In the year
1523 differences arose between the rector, Master Richard
Gilbert, Doctor of Degrees and a Canon of Exeter Cathe-
dral, and the bridge trustees over the alms given at this
chapel. The rector laid claim to them as belonging to the
church, whilst the bridgewardens insisted that they were
votive offerings given for the reparation and maintenance of
the bridge. The dispute was ultimately referred to the
Bishop (Veysey), who delivered his award at his palace at
Exeter on the 26th of March, 1523. Presumably the award
was in favour of the rector, and the bridge trustees ulti-
mately wreaked their vengeance on him by converting the
chapel into a private residence, and thus robbing him of his
golden harvest.
It is said to have been in consequence of a scene in
Bideford churchyard during the incumbency of John
Andrew, who was instituted on the 16th of April, 1524,
that the system of mortuaries came to be regulated by Act
of Parliament. By the constitutions of Gray, Archbishop
vol. xxxiv. o
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
210 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDEFORD
of York, A.D. 1250, it appears that mortuaries were originally
voluntary bequests. They afterwards grew into custom and
were considered as indispensable acts of restitution to the
church for the withholding of tithes, fees, etc. Sir William
Coffin, of Portledge, who was Master of the Horse and a
great man about Court in the time of Henry VIII., was on
one occasion passing Bideford Church, and seeing a crowd
he inquired what was the cause. Being informed that the
rector had refused to bury a corpse that had been brought
for burial until the mortuary which he claimed was paid,
but which was all that was left to the bereaved relations,
Sir William ordered the sexton and others to seize the rector
and bury him instead of the corpse. Preferring life to such
a death, the rector repented ere it was too late, but not until
the threat had been in a measure carried out. The circum-
stances were made known to the King, and Sir William
Coffin was summoned before the Parliament to answer for
his conduct ; but seizing the opportunity of drawing atten-
tion to the mischievous consequences of such arbitrary
demands of mortuaries, he was successful in procuring the
passing of an Act, 21 Henry VIII. c. 6, by which they were
regulated in future.
From the will of one William Priscott, dated 10th January,
1532-3, one can judge of the number of altars in Bideford
Church prior to the Beformation.
"Item lego Stauro alte S Marie de Bediford x§. Item lego
stauro alte Crucis et S Georgii de Bedeford xiid. Item lego stauro
Omnium Sanctorum xiid."
He also bequeathed 12* to the Chapel of St. Anne on the
bridge, which had not therefore been diverted from its sacred
use at that time; also viijd to each of his godchildren,
" cuilibet filiolo fontali," and a silver-gilt chalice for the use
of the parish church, and various sums for post-obits to be
said for the good of his soul " reverentia et honore debitis in
superpelliceis."
The following is the value of the living as given in the
Valor Ecclesiasticus, Henry VIIL, vol. ii. (1814), p. 336 : —
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS.
211
"BYDDYFOKD.
Rectoria ibm unde Jofines Androwe dicus est rector
valet p am sciHt
£ 8. d.\
In re11 afsie de la glebeland . — xxx —
Decim' garba? . . . xiiij — —
Lane .
. — xxvj viij
Agnello$
. — xvj viij
Porcello$ & auca$
• — y —
Vffio$
. — iij viij
Pifciu
• — *j —
Feni .
• — ij —
Le Pawche .
XX
Oblaconib3 .
. — xxii —
£ a. d.
i xxvj xvij v
Decim* pdialib3 & alijs emoli- 1
ment* in libro pafchali ex- j- viij y —
iften' c5ib3 annis . . J
Ult* ij$ ijd folut' epo Exon' & fuccefs' fuis j?
.pcreacde c5ib3 annis ....
ij§ vd folut' eiclm epo ac arctlio Bar* & fuccefs'
fuis £ fined* & cathed* an*1' imppm .
vj* viiij4, folut' archidiacono Barnistapolie &
fuccefs* fuis <p <pcreacoe antt> impffm fie
omib3 alloc* deduct'
Rem* clare . . . . /
£ s. d.
In' <p xm>
— liij ix'
Hector Andrew survived his semi-burial till 1547, and
after bequeathing his soul to God and his body to be buried
* in holy turffe," he left £6 8s. 4d. to the Church of Bideford
" towards the making of Seages " (? new seats), which sum
he directed to be paid quarterly, viz. " five nobles a quarter."
He left his nephew —
" xx marks, my vi oxen, and ii kye, and my old shepe and hog-
getts ; and he by this money and goods to fynd me a pryst &
pryste to say dirige and masse everye daye from my daye of
buriall unto my moneths ende ; and the said pryst to have vid a
day ; and to my Almes men and women to be at my dirige and
masse, and they to have for theyre good prayers and theire
attendance a penny a pece. . . . Item, I will that every Parson
& Vicar being at my buriall to have a pece xiid; and every other
pryst viiid : and to every clerke vid ; and every scolar a pece iid,
and to the rest a penny pece for their dole. Item I bequethe to
every Godchild xiid. The rest of all my goods not bequethed I
o 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
212 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDEFORD
geve and bequeth to Sir Richard Graynefild Knight whom I
make my sole executor ; and he to destribute and give the rest of
my goods not bequethed as he shall thynck best for the welth of
my sowle."
One Richard Arscott held the living from 16th July, 1547,
to 1571, and was consequently rector all through the dis-
turbed times of the Reformation period. Probably, there-
fore, Bideford took no prominent part in the great commotion
for the restoration of the Mass in 1549 and the siege of
Exeter, though amongst those who signed the Articles of
Compact of the Commoners of Devon and Cornwall, as
captains of the rebels, were a Coffin and a Berry, and Lee
(then Mayor of Torrington), and the two former were after-
wards executed. On the other hand, Sir Richard Graynfyld,
the grandfather of the hero of the Revenge, took a prominent
part in suppressing the rebellion, and, owing to the ill-
treatment received at rebel hands in Trematon and Launces-
ton castles, he and his wife both died within a few weeks of
each other, and were buried at Kilkhampton 1551.
Arscott's successor, William James, was appointed by
Queen Elizabeth during the minority of the great Sir
Richard Greynvile, who was at the time abroad, serving
under the Emperor Ferdinand and Don John of Austria,
and winning his first laurels at the battle of Lepanto. The
gallant hero's widow lies buried in Bideford Church, and her
burial is thus recorded in the Register Book : —
" The Ladie Mary Grenvile, daughter unto the Right Honour-
able Sir John S* Leger, Knight, deceased, and wife to that famous
warriour Sir Richard Grenvile, Knight, also deceased, beinge in
his life time the Spaniord's terrour was buried in the Grenvile
isle in this Church the fifth daie of November a.d. 1623."
William Easte, the rector at the time of her death, was
a literary gentleman, and published several tracts and
sermons. One of his publications was entitled The Praise
of Gout, or the Gout's Apology ; a Parodox both pleasant
and profitable, which he wrote, he says, "to refresh his
drooping spirits, that he might be able with the more
alacrity to undergo the Burthens of those grave studies,
which his Function incessantly required."
Philip Isacke, who succeeded him, was rector at the com-
mencement of the Civil War. During the latter portion of
his incumbency, in 1641, the Rev. William Bartlett was
appointed Lecturer at the parish church by the Corporation,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS. 213
as Watkms suggests. Bartlett had matriculated at New Inn,
Oxford, in 1631, but had taken no degree. He was a thorough-
going Puritan, and in 1644, according to Boase,6 or in 1648
as Walker7 less probably states, was intruded into the living
of Bideford when Isacke's successor, Arthur Gifford, was dis-
possessed. The following reference occurs in the Cromwellian
Church Survey of 1650 :—
"Biddiford— Rectory, value £130, received by the State; £100
is payed to a curat. Will Bartlot is curat, a constant preaching
minister. Patron Barnard Grenvill Knight. "
The latter statement is scarcely correct, since Sir Bernard
had died in 1636 ; and his brave son, Sir Bevill Grenvile,
had fallen at Lansdowne in 1643.
William Bartlett on being, in his turn, ejected from the
living at the Restoration, became the founder of the Congre-
gational Meeting in the town, and died in 1681.
Arthur Gifford was the second son of Arthur Gifford, of
Brightley, in the parish of Chittlehampton, by Anne (or
Agnes), daughter of Thomas Leigh, of Burrough. When
the order for the sequestration of the living came he got
together a body of men and undertook to defend the rectory
and maintain possession ; but he was dislodged by a party of
horse, ordered from the garrison at Plymouth, and taken
prisoner.
Dr. Calamy, in his Continuation, p. 266, gives a full and
interesting account of the scene which took place on this
occasion, but, writing as a representative of the Puritan
party, denies that any abuse or ill-treatment was offered the
rector. But Walker, on the other hand, representing the
Royalists, says " the old gentleman did not gently give up
the living, therefore a party of horse were ordered to force
him out of it by violence, which they did, and used him
barbarously, throwing dirt upon him, and some spitting at
him as he passed along the streets." Why Dr. Walker dubs
Gifford as an " old gentleman " I know not, as his age at this
time was only forty. Watkins, in his Essay, pp. 107-16,
argues very strongly and at great length on Walker's side,
that Gifford met with much cruel and unfair treatment both
at the hands of his former curate and of the Parliament-
arians in general. And in this he receives support from
Prince, who became Gifford's curate at Bideford after the
Restoration, and served under him " as a sou of the gospel "
6 Reg. Exeter Coll, pt ii. p. 122.
7 Sufferings of the Clergy, pt il p. 250.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
214 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDBFORD
for several years till his death, in 1668. "At which time,"
Prince adds, " it fell to my post, among many others much
more able, to preach his funeral sermon : which I did, know-
ing what he had suffered both before and after King Charles
the Second's restoration, and how very freely he had forgiven
his enemies, on the almost parallel instance of St. Stephen,
Acts vii 59, 60, 'And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God,
and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. And he kneeled
down, and cryed with a loud voice, Ix>rd, lay not this sin to
their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.'
Of whom I may farther add, * The memory of the just shall
be blessed/"
During the Commonwealth the church was apparently
robbed of everything that was necessary to the service of
God. Whether, like the church at Torrington, it was used
by the soldiers as barracks, or as stables for their horses,
history doth not relate ; but there is a tradition mentioned
by Watkins that the font was kicked out of the church and
used as a pig-trough, and from the fact that a new cedar-
wood Holy Table had to be provided after the Kestoration,
we may conclude that the former Table was stolen or de-
stroyed. Apparently all the vessels for Holy Communion
were also taken, since these had to be provided afresh in
1674. The organ, which had been originally purchased by
the parishioners, was taken down and stowed away in the
vestry during the troublesome times and replaced in 1671.
There are but very occasional references in the Register
to the burials of any who fell during the Civil War. On
May 2nd, 1643, "William Bennett a gonner" and "Joshua
Hollgrave solder" were buried, and one " Mr. Hugan Ruckett
Lieutenant" was buried on August 14th, who may have
been carried home after the battle of Stratton and died of
his wounds. Bideford was besieged by Colonel Digby at the
end of August, 1643, but apparently there was little fighting.
On the 27th of that month and the two following days six
more men were buried, but after this till the end of the war
but few soldiers' names are in the list.
But after war came the most dreadful of all enemies —
pestilence ; and the year 1646 was a plague year of excep-
tional severity. The story of the children playing with the
infected woolsacks on the quay is too well known to need
repetition now ; but as the names of these children do not
occur in the Register Book, though there was formerly a
tombstone to their memory near the west end of the church-
yard, we may conclude that probably many others were
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
AND SOME OF ITS RECTOBS. 215
omitted in like manner, and that the real number of persons
who died in Bideford of the plague was far in excess even
of the registered account. The first death from it took place
apparently on May 26th, namely that of John, the son of
Hugh Cadwell. On June 8th " Fflorence, a mayde of Hugh
Cadwell,,, was buried ; the next day another child ; on the
11th the mother, and on the 15th the father himself. From
this household the plague spread rapidly, and the number of
deaths recorded from first to last was 282. The month of
August has the highest record, viz. eighty-three burials ; and
the greatest number buried in one day was seven.
In 1671 Bishop Sparrow called attention to the crowded
state of the churchyard, and directed that greater care
should be taken with regard to reverence for the dead, and
on the 20th of September in that year the Earl of Bath
gave additional land to the churchyard, on the north, east,
and west sides, for its enlargement, and it was recorded in
the vestry-book that it was desirable that another cemetery,
"Domus mortalitatis cineribus atque ossibus revicturis,"
should be provided.
Amongst the victims of the plague was John Strange, the
noble-hearted Mayor of Bideford, who contracted the disease
in the self-sacrificing discharge of duties which his prede-
cessor had evaded, flying from the pestilential atmosphere
of the town ; a curious old tablet with quaint anagrams and
scriptural emblems was erected to his memory, and has
luckily been preserved in the church, and is well worthy of
inspection.
Unhappily, at the time of the rebuilding of the church
several curious old tombstones were lost from the church
and churchyard. That to the Kavening children just
alluded to had the following inscription: —
" In memory of Henry, John,
and Christopher Kavening.
We are children of
Henry Ravening of this
Towne, Surgione, y« 21 June, 1646.
To whom God lends
Faire winges to fley, our
Trust neaas then in Qod
Must bee. Our age was
Yeonge, our years but
TSder. We ware three
Ravens y* here be under
exeet morbis Dei
Note. George Forgitt
Who died 1646. Note. In
The Deeease died nee."
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
216 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDEFORD
Missing, too, is one that, according to Murray's Guide Booh
to Devon, bore the following epitaph : —
" Here lies the body of Mary Sexton
"Who pleas'd many a man, but n'er vex'd one
Not like the woman who lies under next stone."
Eepeated alterations and additions were made to the
church as the town grew in size and population. About the
year 1728 the church underwent a thorough repair, and
again in 1785 an additional wing was added to the north
side, furnished with rising pews beneath and a large gallery
over them. Dr. Oliver's description of the church, in the
third volume of his Ecclesiastical Antiquities, published in
1842, is as follows : —
"It was startling as we approached the church to behold a
Doric Portal knockt up to lead to a north gallery, to view fluted
granite columns tumbled out of the church and broken up to
serve for the gateposts about the cemetery, and such fantastic
doors and windows etc. ! We were prepared for a worse interior,
and for patch-work, and detestable and outrageous attempts to
convert the appearance of the House of Prayer into that of a
Lecture Room or Theatre ; nor were we disappointed."
It is perhaps therefore scarcely surprising, after reading
this description, to find that the Churchpeople of Bideford
lost heart, and in 1862 condemned such a structure as past
restoration, and, excepting the tower, levelled it to the
ground. And yet, knowing what church architecture has
achieved of late years in the way of restoration, one cannot
help sorrowfully asking, Was this indeed necessary? Is
any church too dilapidated for a first-rate architect to
restore it? And what associations did not the old church
possess — associations equalled by few other churches in
Devon ! Nor were these associations unknown, for even if
Froude's Forgotten Worthies was not generally read, Charles
Kingsley had given to the world his far-famed Westward
Ho ! only some six or seven years previously, and had even
resided in Bideford whilst he wrote it
With praiseworthy effort, however, in three short years
the Churchpeople of Bideford raised, almost entirely by local
effort, sufficient funds to build the present very handsome
structure on the lines, as much as possible, of the old
church. It is a church that we are justly proud of, yet we
could have wished, even if the rebuilding was really neces-
sary, that the work had been effected in a more conservative
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS. 217
spirit, and that the grand old fluted granite columns, the
beautiful brackets, nodi, and corbel heads, the curiously
carved bench-ends and other remains of quaint detail with
which our forefathers had adorned their parish church, had
been given a place in the new erection, instead of having
been handed over to the builder in part payment or as his
perquisite. These precious relics were scattered some years
afterwards at a sale for a mere song, the old oak split up
and sold for firewood, and the granite pillars turned into
gateposts for some of the numerous suburban villas that
have been run up during the last half-century. Some
specimens of the oak carving were fortunately retained, and
these have been converted into a screen for the choir vestry
in the tower. Thank Heaven! the church's ancient font
was retained, the laver of regeneration for eight centuries
of successive generations of her children ; yes, and for the
first red man whose foot had ever trodden British soil, the
firstfruits of the gospel in the West. The entry of his
baptism still stands crooked-lettered in the old parchment
register of baptisms for 1587-8 : —
" Raleigh a Winganditoian March 26th."
The name occurs once more, a year and a month after : —
"Rawly a Winganditoian April 1589."
But it is not this time among the baptisms. As Kingsley
writes : —
" The free forest wanderer has pined in vain for his old deer
haunts amid the fragrant cedar woods, and lazy paddlings through
the still lagoons, where water-lilies sleep beneath the shade of the
great magnolias wreathed with clustered vines : and now he is
away to happier hunting grounds, and all that is left of him
below sleeps in the narrow town churchyard, blocked in with
dingy houses, whose tenants will never waste a sigh upon the
Indian's grave. There the two entries stand unto this day, and
most pathetic they have seemed to me, a sort of emblem and first-
fruits of the sad fate of that worn-out Red race, to whom civiliza-
tion came too late to save, but not too late to hasten their decay."
Thank Heaven, too, a few of the old monuments and
tablets were spared and re-erected in the new church. The
monument of Sir Thomas Graynfyld was at first deemed un-
suitable, and stowed away in the crypt, till its reconstruction
was insisted upon by the Diocesan Architectural Society,
though even then it was at first placed in a most incon-
gruous position near the south door, far away from the
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
218 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDEFORD
chantry which he had founded, and it was only by a second
urgent appeal that it was finally restored to what was
practically its original position. The tablets to Strange and
one or two of the old Bideford merchants were also spared
and re-erected.
But Mr. Parry, who read a paper on " The Early History
of Bideford" before this Association in 1871, attributes a
still sadder catastrophe than even the loss of granite
columns, carved oak, and curious tombstones, to the time of
the building of this present church, viz. the loss of all the
borough records, which he was informed had up to that
time been kept in a muniment-room under the chancel of
the old church. I have never seen that statement contra-
dicted, and Mr. Ash worth, the architect, gave me a drawing,
which I still possess, of a most interesting old chest, which
was discovered in the vaults of the church, having a circular
lid and three curious old locks attached to it. This may
of course have contained church papers only (though these
were apparently kept in another oak chest with a flat lid,
and which is now at the rectory), for with the exception of
the Register Books and a few rate books and churchwardens'
accounts of comparatively recent date, all the church
records are also missing. But where is this ancient chest
now ? No one seems to know, and the only light that I am
able to throw upon the disappearance of the borough records
is what a nonagenarian clerk to a former town clerk (Mr.
Harvey) informed me on his death-bed, viz. that he had
himself, at his master's bidding, "destroyed and burnt a
quantity of old rubbish, written chiefly in Latin, such as
nobody could read or understand." When one reads the
reprint in two volumes of the Barnstaple Becords, recently
published by Messrs. Chanter and Wainwright, it is difficult
not to be filled with " envy, hatred, and malice, and all un-
charitableness."
As an instance of the careless way in which the relics of
the past were treated in Bideford, I may state that on my
becoming rector in 1878, the two earliest and most interest-
ing volumes of the Registers were found missing. Search
was made everywhere for them, and inquiries pressed in all
likely directions. At last, after weeks of despair, the aged
sexton suggested that they might possibly be buried under a
quantity of coal and coke near the heating apparatus in the
crypt; and there at last they were discovered, in the old oak
chest with the flat lid already referred to, filthy and be-
grimed with coal-dust.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS. 219
It is, however, quite possible that some at least of the
borough records had been lost for several years previous to
the rebuilding of the church, for the muniment room under
the chancel was a bone of contention between one of the
rectors and the town authorities in the middle of the
eighteenth century.
The Rev. John Whitfield, of Christ Church, Oxford, tutor
and chaplain to John Earl Gower, and Professor of Poetry
in the University of Oxford, unhappily held the living for
over forty years, viz. from 1741 to 1783, and during the
greater part of that period the civil and ecclesiastical
government of the town exhibited a constant state of war-
fare.
Whatever Whitfield's talents were as a poet at Oxford, in
Bideford, at any rate, they appear to have chiefly evinced
themselves in epigrams against the borough officials.
Having been summoned to the Guildhall for non-payment
of poor rates, Whitfield broke into the muniment-room, and
wreaked his vengeance by abstracting a drawer full of deeds,
which he threw down before the authorities, and bade them
clear out their rubbish, for he would have none of them any
longer in his church. He kept the key in his possession,
and no one dared to effect an entrance. Moreover, in order
to further show his contempt of the authorities, he placed
the dead body of a child on the floor of the room, where it
remained for several months. At last a summons to appear
before the King's Bench at Westminster brought him to his
senses, and he gave up the record-room, restored the deeds,
and removed the corpse which he had u wilfully and passion-
ately placed there to the infinite astonishment and scandal
of the whole parish."
A curious memento of this belligerent rector still exists
in a bell, around the upper circle of which is cast the
inscription : —
"OUR PARSONS PRIDE FORMED ME A BELL.
BY THAT I ROSE. BY THAT SATAN FELL."
The explanation of this cynical inscription is that
Whitfield having denied the use of the vestry for parish
meetings, the parishioners were driven to adopt the Bridge
Hall for meetings, and this bell was cast to call them
together to assemble in vestry.
Whitfield is also notable for having dismissed from the
curacy of Bideford the Eev. James Hervey, the author of
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
220 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDEFORD
the flowery and sentimental Meditations, that became for
a while so famous — a book which Southey describes as
"laudable in purpose and vicious in style." Hervey had
matriculated at Lincoln College, Oxford, where he had come
under the influence of the two Wesleys and George Whit-
field, and had become a member of their association, whose
formal and methodical way of managing their spiritual
exercises and daily lives had drawn upon them the nick-
name of Methodists, but whose fame now folds in the orb
of the earth ! Hervey, soon after his ordination, became
private chaplain to Mr. Paul Orchard, of Hartland Abbey,
and from thence he came to Bideford as curate to Rector
George Nicholls in 1740. He waa most popular in the
parish, and most exemplary in the discharge of his pastoral
duties; and he formed, probably on the lines of the old
Oxford Association, a religious society or guild in Bideford,
which continued for over forty years after he had left the
town. He resided in Bideford about five years, and here he
planned and partly executed his Meditations and Con-
templations. Certain it is that the "Meditations among
the Tombs" and the "Reflections on a Flower Garden"
were principally composed at Bideford. It was a ride to
Kilkhampton which suggested the former; and the latter
were, in part, at least, written in the summer-house of a
pleasant garden belonging to the family with whom he
lodged, near what is known as the Rope Path. But his
old and infirm rector having died in 1742, neither his piety
nor his popularity pleased Rector Whitfield, who dismissed
him from the curacy ; and the offer made by the parishioners
to pay the whole of his salary by voluntary contribution,
only served to irritate him against both Hervey and them.
During Mr. Whitfield's incumbency the east end of the
old rectory was built by John Lord Gower, " the most un-
blemished name of the present age," as Whitfield styles his
patron. A relic of this addition is built into the garden
wall of the present rectory inscribed in capitals, thus : —
"LIBERTATI VERITATI AMICITIA
AVSPICIIS
OPTIMI CIVIVM
OPTIMI VIRORUM
JOHANNIS DOMINI GOWER
MDCCXLIII."
A new burying ground, recently closed, at the head of the
town was also opened during his incumbency in 1742.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND SOME OF ITS RECTORS.
221
I will conclude by mentioning that the Eev. Zachary
Mudge, M.A., Vicar of St. Andrew's, Plymouth, 1732-69,
hailed from Bideford, where he successfully filled the office
of Head Master of the Grammar School for many years.
Watkin8 describes him as "a very learned, ingenious, and
respectable divina" Among his pupils was the celebrated
political writer Dr. John Shebbeare, who lived the first
twenty-six years of his life in Bideford till his irrepressible
spirit of satire drove him away to seek a larger sphere in
which to exergise it.
Reg. Bronescombe,
fol. 18.
Ibid. fol. 89.
Reg. Stapeldon,
fol. 42b.
Ibid. foL 129b.
Ibid. fol. 183.
Reg. Grandisson,
Si. fol. 96*>.
Reg. Brantingham,
il fol. 67.
Ibid. i. fol. 32.
Reg. Lacy, il fol 27.
Reg. Nevyll, fol. 6b.
Reg. King, fol. 168b.
Reg. Redmayne,
fol. 16b.
Reg. Abp. Warham,
fol. 207.
Reg. Oldham, fol. 34.
Ibid. fol. 43.
Ibid. fol. 55.
Reg. Veysey, fol. 19.
Ibid. fol. 126.
Ibid. fol. 126b.
Beg. Bradridge, fol. 2.
LIST OF RECTORS.
Henry de Brattone, 1261.
Roger de Leycestre, 1268.
Sir William Dunnynge.
Master Henry Toyt, com-
monly called de Cornubia
or de Truru, 1318.
Master Walter Prodhomme,
1324.
Master Nicholas de Bray-
broke, 1351.
Master Robert Braybroke,
1381.
Master Roger Beaumont,
1382.
Sir John Walhoppe, 1420-1.
Sir Lewis Pollard, 1457-8.
Sir John Nicholle, 1494.
Sir Robert Cornwalle,
1500.
Sir John Graynfyld, 1504.
Master Richard Symon,
1509.
Sir John Susan, 1511.
Master Richard Gilbert,
1514.
Sir John Andrew, 1524.
Richard Browne, 1547
Richard Arscott, 1547.
William James, 1571.
Archdeacon of Barnstaple
and Chancellor of
Exeter Cathedral.
Chaplain to the Pope and
Rector of Silrerton.
Date of institution un-
known, but he appears
as Rector in 1309.
Canon of Exeter Cathedral,
Prebendary of the Col-
legiate Church of St
Crantock.
Canon of Crediton.
Archdeacon of Cornwall
and Prebendary of St.
Paul's Cathedral.
Dean of Salisbury and
Bishop of London.
Penitentiary in the Dean-
ery of Hartland.
Bachelor in Degrees.
Chaplain.
Doctor of Degrees; Canon
of Exeter Cathedral.
Chaplain.
M.A.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
222
A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AT BIDEFORD.
Reg. Wool ton, fol. 47. William Easte, 1590-1.
Reg. Carey, fol. 122b. Philip Isacke, M.A., 1625.
Arthur Giflfard, (!) 1648.
New Series, yol. 1,
p. 114.
Vol. 2, p. 30.
Vol. 4, p. 52.
Vol. 6, p. 4.
Vol. 6, p. 55.
Reg. Abp. Potter,
fol. 244.
Nathaniel Eaton, 1669.
Michael Ogilby, 1674.
Christopher Bedford,
1669-70.
John Herbert, 1723.
George Nichols, 1727.
John Whitfield, 1742.
New Series, vol. 9, William Smith, 1783.
p. 210.
Vol. 10, p. 181. Richard Keats, 1804.
Vol. 11, p. 49.
Vol. 13, p. 17.
Vol. 18, p. 96.
Vol. 14, p. 127.
Vol 15, p. 155.
M.A.
M.A.
M.A. ; Fellow of Exeter
College, Oxford ; dis-
possessed of living, 164 4;
reinstated 1660.
M.A. ; previously First
Principal of Harvard
College, New England*
M.A. ; Chaplain to King
Charles II.; previously
Vicar of Barnstaple.
M.A.; Fellow of Pembroke
College, Cambridge.
D.D. of Christ Church,
Oxford.
B.D. of Christ Church,
Oxford.
M.A. of Christ Church,
Oxford ; Professor of
Poetry in the University
of Oxford.
M.A. ; also Rector of West
Worlington.
M.A. ; Chaplain toH.R.H.
Duke of Clarence ; Head
Master of Blundell's
School, 1775-97; and
Rector of King's Nymp-
ton.
M.A. of Exeter College,
Oxford; also Vicar of
Abbotsham ; Chaplain
to H.R.H. Duke of
Clarence.
Richard Hugh Keats Buck, B. A. ; exchanged for Rec-
1844. tory of St Dominick,
Cornwall ; Hon. Canon
of St. Germoc in Truro
Cathedral.
Francis Ley Bazeley, 1853. M.A. ; previously Rector
of St. Dominick, Corn-
wall.
Roger Granville, 1878. M.A. ; Prebendary of Exe-
ter Cathedral.
Thomas Newton Leeke, M.A.
1896,
William Walter, 1812.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
BT ALEXANDER O. DUNCAN.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
In the preparation of this paper on the Long Bridge of
Bideford I have confined myself almost entirely, for the
information I purpose laying before you, to the books now
in the hands of the present trustees, and think that the
story as taken from them will be of interest to the members
of the Association, and also to a wider circle of Bide-
fordians who have a strong affection for their native town,
and particularly for its ancient bridge.
Of these the oldest are the account- books, which date
back to 1685. They are bound in parchment covers, to
which tapes are attached for securing them at the front.
One is inscribed, "A Leager Belongueing to the ffeoffees in
trust of and for the Lands given to the use of the Longe
Bridg of Bideford"; and the other, "Longe Bridge Day
Book." There are therefore in existence accounts of all
moneys received and expended by the feoffees for over two
hundred years. Interspersed with the accounts up to 1717
are a few "memorandums," but from that year records of
the "Surveys" and "Orders" are regularly entered, and
appended to these and to the yearly balances are the signa-
tures of those present, including frequently that of the
mayor for the time being, and members of the Corporation,
and some of the capital burgesses of the town. Though
these old records are of a meagre and fragmentary character,
they yet contain many curious and quaint matters worth
extracting, as they give a fresh insight into the story of the
bridge and the doings of its feoffees.
What became of the older books and papers relating to
the bridge cannot now be stated, but as they were, in all
probability, in the custody of different private individuals,
it would not be surprising if many of them were lost sight
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
224 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
of in the upheaval and vicissitudes of the people during the
period extending from 1613, when the new Decree in
Chancery was obtained for the better management of the
Trust, down to 1688 — a period covering the Civil War, the
Protectorate, the Eestoration, the Monmouth Rebellion,
the storm and stress of the first and last of these events
being particularly felt in the West of England.
The books we have practically begin with the time of
quiet inaugurated with the reign of William and Mary,
and show that the Trust was then being administered faith-
fully in accordance with the terms of the Decree in
Chancery. It is not necessary to give the terms of that
Decree at any length, but the most important of them may
be briefly summarised as follows : —
That a " perfect survey " in writing be made of the said
lands, and no leases or grants be made except by consent of
all the feoffees.
That there be a ledger provided.
That all writings as concern the lands, tenements, etc., in
the hands of any person or persons be delivered up and
kept in such place as the mayor, alderman, and feoffees
shall direct.
That two sufficient wardens be chosen for the needful
reparation of the bridge, and to cause it to be well repaired
and amended.
That out of the fines or incomes the sum of twenty
pounds be employed in setting the poor inhabitants at work,
the residue of the income to be devoted to the repair of the
bridge, " and to such other charitable, necessary, and reason-
able uses as may be thought meet and convenient."
" That the Feoffees from time to time hold surveys for the
aforesaid lands and that Public Notice be given openly in
the church of Bideford on three Sundays following after
the Morning Prayer and the best Chapman be employed for
the letting — the Feoffees always having due respect unto
the Tenants their wives and children and the inhabitants
of the Town before strangers in reasonable manner."
It is the way in which the feoffees carried out the spirit
of the clauses relating to the upkeep of the structure itself
(including the widening), the improvement of their pro-
perties, and the application of the surplus funds to the
44 charitable, necessary, and reasonable purposes," that is
to us now the most interesting ; and it is to this phase of
the history of the bridge I will more particularly address
myself.
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 225
From 1685 to 1694 great activity was displayed in im-
proving the bridge and its property in the town; but the
only knowledge of the works then being carried out is
obtained from the accounts for those years, for, with the
exception of the two following orders, there is no record of
the proceedings at the meetings of the Trust. The first
relates to the appointment of one of their number to keep
the books: —
"Mr Samuel Leache we request and hereby appoint you to
keep the accounts for us conserving the Long Bridge at Bideford,
particularly as to what relates to the New Street and Key now in
building on the said lands and what relates to the said lands as
occasion may require, and to enter all fairly written in the New
Bookes already in your custody and for your care and pains in so
doing we oblige ourselves to pay you out of the Bridge Stock at
the rate of four pounds per annum as witness our hands this sixth
day of February Anno Dom 1692."
And the second one is —
" Know all men of these presents that we the ffeoffees of the
Lands of the Long Bridge of Bideford whose names are hereunto
subscribed do Authorise, Impower Appoint and Bequest Daniel
Darracott, Abarham Gearing and Samuel Leache three of the
Feoffees of the said Long Bridge to contract for the building of a
Key for Ships to lay at the East end of the New Street and what
they shall contrive act or contract in order to the finishing the
same we will approve of and allow of all such sums of money
they shall have occasion to pay in order to the said work as if
done by us — In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands
and seals this first day of December Anno Dom 1692.
" Edward Wren Mayor
Tho* Joce
Edward Dunard
John Marks
John Davies
Tho" Chope
Peter Luxon."
For the better security of the cash, deeds, and books, the
old chest bearing date 1692, now standing in the trustees'
room of the present hall, was ordered, and until the estab-
lishment of the first bank in Bideford, about a hundred years
afterwards, in it was deposited for safe keeping all the
money in hand belonging to the Trust, as well as the books
and papers. The keys were to be in the charge of the three
vol. xxxiv. p
Digitized by VjOOQlC
226 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
oldest feoffees, and were to be handed on in succession when
vacancies occurred. The entry in the ledger is : —
" By the charge in making a strong chest
with three locks and the date in lead
figures . . 8. 0. 0
Porterage of the same . . . 12. 6 n
One of the earliest entries in the books, which were en-
trusted to the care and keeping of Mr. Samuel Leache, refers
to the erection of a " Pillar Sun Dyall and other ornaments
on the Long Bridge." This stood in the middle of the
north parapet, and Benjamin Donn describes it as a "neat
cross," on one side bearing an inscription in Latin to William
and Mary, and the three other sides ornamented with the
Arms of England, the town, and the bridge. The details
of the cost of this ornament are given in full.
" By cash to Sam1 Nott for Stonework
Peter Garrow Lead work .
Philip Doubt Timber and plank
William Herbert Ironwork
Mr Shule for Carving .
Mr Rob* Wren for the Dyall .
Mr Sam1 Leache for Guildiug .
Richd Cordwell for Painting .
Anth Shersbrooke for Car-
penters . • •
The most important undertaking at this time was the
opening up of the new street now known as Bridgeland
Street. The land in the immediate neighbourhood was
occupied by a few ruinous houses, old stores, outhouses, and
gardens, but by the planning of this broad street, reflecting
credit on its designer and the feoffees for its breadth,
valuable building sites for good houses were opened up.
This was of great advantage to the Trust, for the increased
revenue from the new leases, fines, and heriots soon made
an ample return on the outlay incurred in clearing the
district and making the street. The building of houses
began at once, and ere long Bridgeland Street seems to have
become the residence of many of the most wealthy of the
inhabitants. The feoffees themselves undertook the erection
of one, but no indication is given as to its site. All we
5.
0.
0
6.
6.
0
3.
1.
0
1.
3.
6
3
2.
10.
2
19.
6
3.
27.
0.
0.'
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 227
know is that a Mr. Nathaniel Gascoyne was the builder, as
shown in the following charge in the ledger : —
" By cash at several times to Mr Nath
Gascoyne for building the Bridges
House in the New Street . . £252. 2. 0"
This was not the total cost, for additions to the premises
were afterwards ordered, but the payments for the extra
work are difficult to identify with certainty. Here are two
or three examples of the arrangements made for acquiring
the property necessary to carry out the work : —
"By one year and half rent paid to Mr William Rowe for
Crangs house at £6 per annum which we agreed to pay yearly for
the conveniency of a passage into the Street then intended to be
built on the Bridge Lands."
" By rent of the Carpenters yard we agreed to take into hand
from Mr Robert Wren paying him for the said yard and two
cellars £4. 10. 0 per annum to make an outlet from the new Street
'to the Key then intended to be built"
"To a lease granted to Mr Edward Wren of his dwelling-house
Roper's Path in consideration of his surrendering bis old one with
a house and several gardens to make way for building a new
street and paying a fine of £66. 0. 0."
One notices from this last example that a rope path was
existing two hundred years ago, and the same industry
on the same path was carried on until five or six years
ago, when the ground was sold for the erection of a collar
factory.
The plan of the new street was prepared by the Mr.
Gascoyne mentioned above, and the payment for the same
is certainly a very modest one for his professional services.
" By cash to Mr Nath Gascoyne for Draw-
ing a Design of a New Street . . 4. 6. 0"
While acting as architect he must also have been in a
large way of business as a builder and contractor, for at the
time he was building the new house on the feoffees' account
in Bridgeland Street, he was also engaged in the construction
of a long length of Key.
" By cash at Severall payments to Mr Nath1 Gascoyne for build-
ing the whole Key and Slip for which he provides stone, planks,
timber, workmanship and all other things Said Key to be above
200 ffoote in length as by his articles of agreement in all to pay
for the Same £223. 4. 6."
p 2
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228 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
This Mr. Gascoyne's name has come down to the present
day, for the trustees still pay an annual rent of sixteen
shillings for "Gascoyne's Court." This " court " is now
merged into the back premises of one of the houses in
Bridgeland Street, but at the time was probably a small yard
used for storing materials belonging to the bridge.
There are many things in these early records pointing to
the fact that the feoffees had no hall or even room of their
own for holding their " surveys/' or meetings. All the busi-
ness seems to have been transacted at various inns, and it
was not until 1720 that they obtained a habitation of their
own. In that year they secured a room, in a dilapidated
state of repair, adjoining the old Grammar School, and had
it fitted up and furnished as a " Bridge Hall," but for many
years afterwards the " surveys " were still held at the inns,
and on each occasion refreshments were provided. However,
the bridge had now a room in which to keep its strong
chest instead of at the private house of one of the officials,
and efforts were immediately made to secure the return of
many deeds and papers still in the hands of different indi-
viduals. Two of the feoffees were appointed for this
purpose, and shortly afterwards many papers are reported
as having been restored and placed in the chest.
Passing on to 1757, we then find the feoffees contem-
plating the erection of a "Bridge Hall," and though this must
have been an undertaking of considerable importance, the
particulars relating to the work are very scanty. For the
purpose of getting sufficient ground it was necessary to
acquire a house at the south end of the bridge property to
enable them to carry the frontage of the new hall to Bridge
Street. Lengthy negotiations took place with the lord of
the manor respecting the house in question, and copies of
some of the letters which passed are given in the Journal.
One of these gives a good idea of the correspondence, and is
worth giving in full It is addressed to Mr. Cleveland.
««« "Bideford, 15 November, 1757.
" As we have not received any answer (which we ascribe to
your multiplicity of important business) to the plan and request
sent you by Charles Davies Esq™ at our instance, pursuant to an
order made at our Bridge Hall the third day of September last,
and are now advised by a Master builder (who hath viewed the
South Wall of the said Bridge House) that by means of taking
down the old ruinous house called Trots which belonged to you as
Lord of the Manor and lay contiguous to the said wall, the same
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 229
is in much danger of falling and consequently very Hazardous to
all persons near it, and as that wall must for the reasons aforesaid,
be forthwith taken down and your granting the liberty of erecting
pillars on part of the ground on which Trotts house stood (as
mentioned in the representation sent you by Mr Davies as afore-
said) will enable us to make not only a very spacious and orna-
mental Bridge Hall but also a commodious covered walk under it,
we whose names are subscribed (being some of us of the Corpora-
tion and the rest of us Feoffees of the Bridge Lands of Bideford)
do therefore request the favour of a speedy answer which we hope
will be accompanied with a grant of the favour.
" Your most obedient Humble Servants."
And then follow the signatures of five feoffees and eleven
members of the Corporation.
A favourable answer must have been received, for the
work of building the hall was immediately commenced.
The amount of the contract is not given, nor is it possible
now to ascertain the total outlay, but the work was carried
out by a Mr. Loworthy. The building was a fairly imposing
one for those days, with a handsome front embellished with
several pieces of carved stonework. These, when the old
hall was taken down to be replaced by the present one,
were carefully preserved, and are now fixed in the walls of
the hall and staircase of the present building. Some of the
rooms were fitted with oak panels, and the chief one was
lined with tapestry bought from Mr. William Strange at a
cost of twelve guineas.
Practically the only description of the bridge as it was
two hundred years ago is the one given by Mr. B. Donn, in
the Gentleman* s Magazine for July, 1751, which is accom-
panied by a view showing all the arches and a small drawing
of the cross " as it appears when you stand afore it." No
buildings such as are shown on the old seals appear on this
picture or in the " View of Bideford," drawn and engraved
by John Jewell before the bridge was widened, so it is
doubtful if any such ever existed. More probably the
representation of chapels on the seals was simply emblem-
atic of the great aid given by the Church at the first
building of the bridge. It is greatly to be regretted that
the old seals have been lost as well as other articles, such as
the scales for weighing the gold, and the silver-plated candle-
sticks and snuffers, etc.
Full details are given in the accounts as to the repairs
every year, and many curious little items might be noted
amongst them; but these are rather outside my purpose,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
230 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
and I will only mention that the annual charge for sweeping
the bridge for many years was £1, then increased to £2,
with an occasional extra payment for " weeding the grass."
It may be well at this stage to mention the fact that the
bridge has not always been free, at any rate for vehicles, and
the feoffees have repeatedly claimed and exercised the right
to stop or regulate the traffic across it. In the accounts for
the years 1712 to 1718 there are several entries of the tolls
received for coaches, etc., crossing.
1712.
Recd for Serg* Hoopers coach
„ ,, ,, Sons coach .
. 2. 6
. 5.
)>
Madm* Prideaux's coach .
. 7. 6
1713.
99
Madm6 Hoopers „
Serg* Hooper Sons „
Madme Woolcombe „
. 5
. 4
. 4. 6
1714.
99
Sir Arthur Chichestera coach
. 5
1716.
1718.
Madm6 Hoopers coach
Lady Berrys chariot
Lady Wrey
Chas Davie Esqre for a cart
Esqre Chichestera coach twice
. 5. 0
. 2. 6
. 2. 6
. 1.
. 5.
»
Mr Willm Docton for a coach
. 1. 6"
Then, again, take the following order made in 1717,
indicating that these tolls had been levied for a consider-
able time : —
" Whereas a former warrant was granted to the Bridge Wardens
of Joseph Davies Esq™ and William Cleveland Esq" the sum of
tenn shillings per annum according to agreement for passing with
their coaches over the said Bridge and whereas Mr Thomas
Saltren desires to come under the same condition. It is now
ordered that the Bridge Wardens shall make demand of the tenn
shillings per annum and if they should not comply in paymt then
shall the coaches of the said Gent be stopped according to the
former customs and to demand of all other Gents that goes over
the Bridge with their coaches the sum of twenty shillings for
every tyme they shall go over with their said coaches persuant to
former custom, out of which said sum of twenty shillings they
are to return the sum of seventeen shillings and sixpence."
How long afterwards tolls were claimed is not recorded,
but it is possible that they were leased out to the bridge
wardens or the keeper of the "Toll House and Chapel"
standing near the east end, while at the other end was a
"Watch House," to both of which frequent references are
made in the accounts.
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDBFORD. 231
The question of the right to exercise control over traffic
upon the bridge crops up> in 1778, and the feoffees deter-
mined " that the opinion of some eminent counsel be taken
as to whether they had a right or otherwise to hinder
vehicles with heavy burdens crossing the Bridge." The
result of this opinion is not stated, but judging from orders
given in after years, it must have been in favour of the
feoffees. In 1791 instructions were given to the wardens
" to stop traffic that might result in injury to the structure " ;
and in those days there was a chain for drawing across the
bridge. Reference was made in 1802 to this, when it was
ordered —
" That the old chains belonging to the said Bridge be immedi-
ately repaired and that a new Post be put down in order to afix
the said chain to on the same spot that the old Post stood and
further that the Wardens do Lock and Chain the Bridge one
hour in the middle of the day on every 21st day of December
being S* Thomas's Day, in order to assert our right to stop such
carriages as may be injurious to the said Bridge."
I now come to deal with the two widenings of the bridge,
and in both cases the schemes took many years to carry to
completion. The earliest mention of the first is in Decem-
ber, 1793, when orders were given for an advertisement to
be inserted in one of the London, Bristol, Sherborne, and
Exeter papers, inviting tenders for widening three of the
centre arches. Four tenders were received, but, for some
reason not recorded, neither of them was accepted, and
nothing further is heard of the project until October of the
following year, when the feoffees were in treaty with a
Mr. Kendal for carrying out the work according to a plan
recommended by Captain Davey. This again was dropped,
and in 1795 an agreement was made with Mr. Kendal to
widen four arches, giving an additional width of two feet
each side, for the sum of £295, the work to be guaranteed
for seven years. To ornament this new portion an alcove
was added ; and at the same time some property was pur-
chased at the east end to render the access to the bridge
more commodious, and in the same year two more of the
arches were widened. Several years elapse before any
further steps were taken to continue the improvement, but
at a meeting held in 1807 it was resolved —
"That in our opinion it will be a public benefit if the Long
Bridge was widened throughout and as there is now £2,100 in
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
232 THB LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
the 3 per cents, and the income of the Bridge is increased. It is
agreed that four more arches be widened this year and tenders
invited for doing the work. The four arches to be nearest the
town from those already done."
A tender on this occasion from Mr. Rowland Moase was
accepted at the price of £60 per arch, and a few months
later a further contract for five more nearest the town at
£50 per arch was agreed upon.
Still about one-half of the bridge remained as it was
originally built, and the feoffees were much exercised in
their minds as to how best the work could be com-
pleted. Many suggestions were made with a view to
increase its usefulness and to improve the navigation
of the river. Some proposed throwing two arches
into one, others advocated the construction of a draw-
bridge at the eastern end: and plans for the latter were
prepared, and an estimate furnished by a Mr. James
Green, civil engineer and inspector of the county bridge,
but this was early abandoned, and the feeling ran strongly
in favour of removing some of the piers. Before a final
decision was arrived at the commercial inhabitants were
consulted in 1810, and they are reported to have been
unanimously of opinion "that it would be highly dis-
advantageous to the trade of the town." This adverse
opinion seems to have settled any tampering with the old
piers, for in May, 1810, a contract was made with Mr. Green
to widen the remainder of the bridge to correspond with
that already done. The contractor having reported "the
parapet walls to be very irregular and could not be made
straight or uniform," it was decided to rebuild them through-
out, " the recesses to be made as spacious as the same will
admit of." The whole of the work, together with a tablet
and plinth cornice on the top of the coping to support a
lamp scroll on each side of the centre of the bridge, with an
inscription, to be carried out for £1,240. Some fears arose
in the minds of the feoffees as to the stability and condition
of the piers and foundations, and the contractor was called
upon for a full report. This was of such a favourable cha-
racter that the feoffees felt warranted in spending a much
larger sum on the parapets. " In consequence of the report
from Mr. Green that the foundations are secure, and they
being desirous to render the walls as strong and handsome
as possible," it was forthwith decided to use Penarth ashlar
stone instead of the common stone of the neighbourhood,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORa 233
at an extra cost of £760, and an additional sum of £130
was laid out in improving the recesses, "they being very
necessary for the protection of foot-passengers." Added to
this heavy expenditure it was necessary to repave the whole
of the bridge, and this is a copy of the estimate : —
"New Paving Bideford Bridge with footway on each side of
two feet wide of Penarth Stone, and new paving the Horse way
with the choicest part of Orchard Hill Stone, using such of the
Old Wall Stones as are fit for the purpose, £466."
The final contract amounted to £470. By this time, how-
ever, there had arisen the serious question of ways and
means. The whole of the money invested in the "Three
Per Cents" had been sold out, and £1,000 more was required
to cover the liabilities incurred, and to meet this liability
the feoffees took a step that must ever stand to their credit
as testifying to their high sense of duty towards the Trust
and to their public spirit. Here is the resolution passed at
the time and acted upon : —
" It was agreed that the money wanted shall be borrowed on
the Security of the Promissory Note of Hand or Bond of the
Feoffees, or of such of them as will sign the same, and that the
monty so borrowed with the interest thereon shall be repaid by
the surplus income of the bridge annually."
Sundry economies were effected, such as, for instance,
discontinuing the salary that had been paid for some time
to the Deputy Recorder of £21 per annum out of the Trust
funds instead of by the Corporation.
The personal liability of the feoffees lasted until 1818,
when the steward was able to report "that the money
borrowed for this purpose is all discharged, and that he had
about eighty pounds in hand." This was invested in Consols
to restart a reserve fund to amount "to twelve or fifteen
hundred pounds for future contingincies."
Almost immediately after the completion of this great
improvement, malicious persons did much damage to the
coping and ornamental plinth, for rewards were offered at
different times, varying in amount from £5 to £10, for the
discovery of the offenders.
It is uncertain if there were any public lights on the
bridge prior to the widening. There are no payments
recorded for such a purpose, but it is unlikely, owing to the
dangers arising to vessels coming up to the quay and to the
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234 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
structure itself, that warning lights of some kind would be
altogether absent. There is one curious entry in the account
for 1734 : " For work for the Candlestick £7 8. 2." Perhaps
this may have been some kind of beacon light; and then
there was the " Watch House " at the west end, which may
have been furnished with a light. Simultaneously with the
scheme for widening in 1795, the steward was directed to
purchase eight lamps for lighting the bridge and quay, and
four more were bought the next year, and instructions given
" that the said lamps be lighted from the first of September
to the first of May except four days preceding and four
days subsequent to every full moon " ; the lamplighters were
to be paid four pounds eleven shillings per annum and " the
Bridge to pay the expense of a ladder and other necessaries
for lighting the said lamps." Much attention was paid in
subsequent years to the better lighting of the bridge and
quay, so the feoffees were very ready to adopt the com-
paratively new application of coal gas for public lighting as
soon as the opportunity of doing so came within reach. In
the minute - book for 1834 we find it stated " that the
Feoffees having been informed that a Gas Company was
about to be established in the Town, resolved that it is
desirable to light the Bridge with Gas if such a Company
be formed." In the following year the company was started,
and shortly afterwards the bridge was lit by the " Modern
Light." The gasworks were erected on lands east of the
water leased from the bridge, and there are numerous
records of the various negotiations between Mr. Steer, the
founder of the company, as well as with the first Board of
Directors, and the feoffees with regard to the leases and
laying the mains across the bridge, the latter being looked
upon with great distrust and many fears as to possible
injury to the structure.
This closes my extracts of the leading incidents connected
with the first widening, and for a long time afterwards the
feoffees were content with the more prosaic duties of general
repairs, but from time to time made purchases and effected
exchanges of properties adjacent to their own with the
object of " adapting the approaches and surroundings of the
Bridge to the best advantage and convenience of the in-
habitants." Many old buildings were demolished, among
them the old chapel and toll - house on the east side, and
the watch-house on the west.
It was during this time of comparative quietness and the
husbanding of their resources that the Charity Commis-
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFOBD. 235
sioners visited Bideford to investigate the various charities
of the town and immediate neighbourhood. Very little is
said in the books about this visit, but the report of the
Commissioners on the Bridge Trust was received in 1822,
when a special meeting was called to take into consideration
their observations on the management of the Trust. The
chief suggestions in the report were : —
Firstly, as to the mode and terms upon which leases were
to be granted.
Secondly, as to the forming of a reserve fund.
Thirdly, as to applying to the Court of Chancery for a
new Decree for the better disposal of the surplus funds.
Steps were at once taken to bring the working of the
Trust into harmony with these suggestions, and in course of
time the new Decree was obtained. It may be here men-
tioned that one time-honoured custom, dating back certainly
to the reign of James I., whereby notices of the letting of
leases had been given on three successive Sundays in the
parish church, was discontinued, the last recorded one being
in November, 1826.
In the early thirties a long and sometimes acrimonious
dispute commenced between the feoffees and the Corporation,
arising from a claim made by the latter body to exercise
certain rights in the management of the Trust. Copies of
some of the letters are entered in the Journal, among them
being one from Mr. Buck, stating that " he was desirous of
reconciling any Difference of Opinion between them and the
Corporation." This friendly effort at reconciliation was un-
successful, for we find in 1834 — two years afterwards — the
Town Clerk, on behalf of the Town Council of this borough,
makes a demand for that body to act with the feoffees in
the election of the officers, and in directing the application
of the rents and fines. The resolution passed in reply to
this letter is as follows, and it may be noted that it contains
the first reference to the new Town Council, which, under
the recently passed Municipal Corporation Eeform Act, had
taken the place of the old Corporation : —
"The steward do write the Town Clerk and state that the
Feoffees do not consider that either the late Corporation or the
present Councillors had a right to act with them in the election
of the Wardens Assistant and Treasurer and in directing the
application of the Rents and Fines, but if the Council will show
any high legal opinion or decision of the Court which sanctions
their demand, the Feoffees will further consider the matter."
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236 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
Both parties afterwards prepared "cases," the Council
consulting Sir John Campbell and the feoffees obtaining the
opinion of Sir William Follett, but still the dispute dragged
on, with attempts from time to time to settle it. At one
meeting Messrs. Grant, Harvie, and Booker were appointed
to meet the same number of councillors to discuss the claims,
but without good result, for at a subsequent meeting a reso-
lution passed clearly indicates the strong feeling that had
been imported into the dispute : —
" That the language the Town Council have thought fit to make
use of in their resolutions of 15th March last prevents the Feoffees
from making any remarks upon the case drawn up for the opinion
of Sir William Follett, they have therefore merely to observe that
they are fully prepared to prove all the material points stated
therein whenever it may be the pleasure of the Town Council to
carry their threat into execution."
However, all these differences were adjusted and amicable
relations restored by mutual tact and concessions, and from
1837 until about twenty-two or twenty -three years ago
joint meetings of the two bodies were held for the transac-
tions of certain portions of the business affairs of the Trust.
The stir of the new life in England, brought by the rapid
development of railway enterprises between 1835 and 1845,
gradually advanced westward, bringing nearer and nearer to
this part of Devonshire the advantages and comfort of the
new mode of travelling. Several schemes were afoot for
proposed railway extensions through this northern division of
the county, and as early as 1845 an application was made to
the feoffees for their " assent " to a line called " The North
Devon " passing through Wearland and other properties of
the bridge. Next year similar notices from two rival com-
panies—" The Taw Vale " and " The Bideford and Tavistock "
— were received, when all three proposals were examined,
and it was agreed to " dissent " from the first named and to
remain neutral as regards the other two. The influence of
these possible railway facilities for bringing Bideford into
closer touch with the outside world led to another agitation
for a further widening of the bridge. This took the form of
a requisition from the inhabitants, supported by the Town
Council, in 1847, asking the feoffees to take the subject into
consideration. To this appeal they replied as follows : —
"That though they are at all times ready to carry out the wishes
of the inhabitants of Bideford, so far as they can do so with
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 237
safety, the Bridge Funds are not in a sufficiently prosperous state
at the present moment to comply with their request, and the
Steward do write the Mayor as representing the requisitionists
and the Town Council to that effect"
Though this petition was unsuccessful at the time, yet it
bore fruit in drawing the special attention of the feoffees to
the important question of adapting the bridge to meet the
more modern and future requirements, of the public, and
within two years a Mr. Tregelles had been called in to advise
on the subject. This was the first step taken in a prolonged
effort, lasting for twenty years, to secure for the general com-
munity the increased facilities desired, and in the course of
those years many plans, including some for building a new
bridge, were prepared, and it is to give some account of these
that I now address myself.
The resolution dealing with the plan submitted by Mr.
Tregelles is as follows, and seems to have resulted in shelving
the question for four years : —
" That previous to any further survey or plans for widening the
Bridge be made, the opinion of counsel be taken as to the necessity
of applying to the Court of Chancery for an order for that purpose.
Also resolved that in the event of Mr. Tregelles not being em-
ployed to furnish a detailed plan, he be paid five guineas for the
design and information given by him on the subject.'1
For what reasons the subject was dropped for several years
is not given, but it may be that the delay was caused by the
disastrous results following the wild and reckless speculations *
in railways in the intervening years. At any rate, 1853 saw
the matter taken up again in a practical form at a joint
meeting of the feoffees and the Town Council. It was
agreed —
" That it is expedient to widen the Bridge as early as possible
in consequence of the accidents which have occurred by its narrow-
ness, and of the anticipated increased traffic consequent on the
Bideford Extension Railway, and that a Committee be appointed
for taking into consideration the steps necessary, with power to
employ a consulting engineer to ascertain the best mode of carrying
out the widening and the cost."
This committee engaged the services of Mr. Atkinson, and
in 1854 made a report to the joint body, accompanied by
several plans prepared by him. Out of these three were
accepted, and the committee authorised to ascertain the cost
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
238 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
in masonry for giving a width of thirty, thirty-five, and
forty feet. The one finally selected was the middle width,
and the committee " was to take all such steps and to adopt
all such measures as may he necessary for accomplishing the
object." When the detailed drawings and specification were
completed it was found that the cost would be much greater
than anticipated, and the feoffees fell back on the plan for a
thirty-feet roadway. For this tenders were invited, but only
one was sent in by a Mr. Brady in the sum of £7,897 8s. ;
but the committee advised it was not practicable, and recom-
mended that all Mr. Atkinson's plans be rejected. While
adopting this recommendation, the feoffees determined not to
allow the subject to drop, and passed a resolution at the same
meeting, the terms of which seem to convey a reflection on
the gentleman previously consulted : —
" That an Engineer be selected and appointed in whose Talents,
Experience, and respectability of character the Feoffees and Town
Council have full confidence to advise and assist in the selection
of a plan for building a New Bridge, or widening or improving
the present Long Bridge and its approaches in connection with the
improvement of the navigation and the increased traffic."
From 1855 there follow in quick succession a variety of
designs submitted not only by professional engineers, but in
two cases by members of the joint body who tried their
hands at projecting schemes for carrying out the work. The
first in order was one drawn by Mr. Whittaker, a county
surveyor of the day ; but beyond thanking him for the infor-
mation he furnished, nothing more is heard of his suggestions.
This was followed by a design from a Mr. Hartley, and two
engineers, Mr. Tite and Mr. Page, were called in to advise
and give their opinion as to its practicability, " which was to
be final." Though the nature of his report is not given in
the books, it evidently was unfavourable, and the feoffees at
the time gave way to a feeling of despondency, resolving in
May, 1856—
" That the great difficulties and obstacles which present them-
selves to widening or rebuilding the Bridge prevent the carrying
out the improvement at present, and that the further consideration
of the matter be adjourned sine die"
The feeling of despair, however, soon passed away, and
before the close of the same year their thoughts were again
directed to the project in an even bolder form, as will be
seen from the next resolution : —
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 239
" That a New Bridge be built at a cost not to exceed £8,000,
and appeal made to the Charity Commissioners with a view to an
ulterior application to the Court of Chancery to raise the amount
necessary to rebuild the Bridge."
There had been during these years a lengthy correspond-
ence with that body as to whether the money required could
be raised by way of mortgage on the estate or by the sale of
portions of the property. At first the Commissioners seem
to have been of opinion that they had not the power to
sanction either mode ; but the matter having been referred
to counsel, he advised that it could be done by mortgage,
provided the sum borrowed be repaid in thirty or forty years,
and to this the Commissioners in the end agreed.
Mr. Page, one of the gentlemen called in to advise on
Mr. Hartley's plan, was now invited to visit Bideford to
make an examination of the bridge and give a report and
estimate of the cost of such works as he would recommend,
for a fee not exceeding thirty-five guineas. In the meantime
Mr. Edward Martyn White, who was a member of the Town
Council and a builder in a large way of business, and to
whom the town is indebted for several of its most substantial
buildings, offered to build a stone bridge of eleven arches,
according to a plan produced, within three years from the
date of contract, for £8,000, subject to certain contingencies,
which were afterwards estimated at £2,800. This offer was
ordered to be submitted to some competent engineer to be
named by the Charity Commissioners, Mr. White to prepare
a section and specification for a fee of ten guineas. The
feeling at the time among the members of the Trust and
Council was strongly in favour of a new bridge, though it
was felt that the resources of the estate were not equal to
such a heavy outlay. It was therefore proposed that a vestry-
meeting be called, and the parishioners asked to sanction the
raising, on the security of the rates, a sum not exceeding
£5,000, to be repaid with interest within a period of thirty
years. This parish meeting was held in February, 1859, but
the proposal failed to meet with the approval of the rate-
payers.
The next proposition laid before the feoffees was fur-
nished (accompanied by a plan) by one of their own body,
Mr. Harvie. It was practically to widen the bridge in
sections, as carried out in the former widening, the first
portion to be in the centre, extending about 150 feet,
giving a width between the parapets of twenty-seven feet.
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240 THB LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
However, neither this modest suggestion nor Mr. White's
offer gave satisfaction, and both passed into oblivion. A
new committee was appointed in 1860 "to report on the
best means of effecting the object," and notwithstanding all
the past disappointments and the knowledge that the estate
was unequal to the cost of a new structure, we find this
committee actually recommending a design for a new bridge,
prepared by Mr. Page, estimated to cost £12,000. On
laying this before the Charity Commissioners, that body at
once pointed out that the Trust funds in hand and to be
raised would be quite inadequate to carry it out. Their
refusal to sanction the outlay on this scheme, coupled with
the fact that the Exchequer Loan Commissioners, to whom
application had been made for a loan, would only grant
it for a term of twenty years at five per cent, finally
settled the question of building a new bridge, and the
feoffees were thrown back upon an alternative plan, also
prepared by Mr. Page, for simply giving additional width.
A settlement took place for charges incurred in furnishing
these various plans, in the case of Mr. Page amounting to
£266 9s. 2d., and at the same time Mr. Atkinson was paid
£110 17s., but not without some demur. A letter from the
former gentleman is entered in the minute-book, which
implies that there had been some friction about his pro-
fessional charges : —
" I think it best to avoid misunderstandings, and to expedite
a conclusion on these pecuniary matters that my professional
charges for the past and for the future as far as the widening is
concerned according to my plan or any modification of it will be
500 Guineas and any future travelling expenses. This will
surely be satisfactory to the Feoffees, and for me it will end any
(not very pleasing) discussions about charges. "
These terms were accepted, and in 1862 the engineer was
instructed to proceed with perfecting his plan, referred to as
No. 3, and prepare a specification. But still there was a
hankering after something greater, for at a subsequent
meeting it was again suggested that the cost be ascertained
of removing some of the existing piers to improve the water-
way. However, the final decision came at last, and a
committee, consisting of Messrs. Rooker, Pridham, Joce,
Dingle, Ley, Brayley, and Saunders, was appointed to super-
intend the carrying out of the work at a cost not exceeding
£3,500. Probably owing to the fact that the duty of super-
intendence was delegated to a committee, very little
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 241
information as to the details and progress of the work can
be gleaned from the books. All we know is that the limit
named was largely exceeded, the cost in the end amounting
to more like £6,000, and that the work was successfully
completed in 1867 without the traffic being suspended
during the operations.
Such is a rapid review of the story of an undertaking so
important to the town and trade of Bideford that engrossed
the thoughts and taxed the energies of the feoffees and
Council for twenty years from its first inception to its final
accomplishment. Many and sometimes severe criticisms
have been passed upon the character of the design adopted,
as being so " out of harmony " and incongruous with the old
arches, but looking back and remembering all the difficulties
of the task, and the want of sufficient capital to undertake
more ambitious schemes, one cannot but think that the
members of the Trust of those days did the best they could,
and that the public have more cause for approval than
censure. There still stand the old piers (though with a new
superstructure), carrying the mind back through bygone
centuries to the time they were first built by the pious
generosity of now unknown benefactors, with a stream of
fife still crossing and recrossing over them, and with the
tides flowing and ebbing between them. There they remain,
silent witnesses of many stirring, memorable scenes, when
" Men of Bideford Devon " renowned in song and story have
left their homes and families by the old bridge to brave the
dangers of the deep in daring commercial adventures, or to
fight the battles of their country, or as emigrants helping to
found the distant colonies now forming part of the " Greater
Britain " of to-day.
It may be of interest to note that £2,000 of the money
required for the widening was borrowed from the •' Bideford
Annuitant Society." This was one of the local insurance
societies so general in country districts in the first half of
the last century, before the great modern companies, with
their greater financial strength and more favourable terms,
gradually superseded the older form. It is only within
recent years that this Bideford society was finally wound
up.
Of the more recent enterprises of the bridge it is not
necessary to enter into particulars at any length. The
chief was the building of the present hall, which was opened
in 1882, from designs prepared by Mr. Bryden. In design-
ing the new building the feoffees made provision for rooms
VOL. xxxiv. Q
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
242 THB LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
for a " Free Public library /• and for carrying on a " School
of Science and Art/9 two institutions established in the town
some years before, but located in rather confined quarters.
The contractor for the work was Mr. R. T. Hookway. The
erection of this new Bridge Hall necessitated the demolition
of the old one as well as the old Grammar School and the
Commercial School, together with one or two old shops, etc.
A few years later the present trustees built a new post office
in High Street.
Before passing to consider how the feoffees dealt with
their surplus funds in the "charitable, necessary, and
reasonable uses as may be thought meet and convenient,"
according to the Decree in Chancery, some reference should
be made to its " Procession Days " and its " Feastings " ; so it
is to these we now turn, finding in the books much that is
curious and interesting relating to them. The oldest entry
is one in the bridge wardens' account of "Theyre Dis-
bursm*" for the year 1686, set down, as Charles Lamb says,
in his essay The South Sea House, "with a superfluity of
cyphers " : —
" To the Procession Dinner this yeare . . 003. 14. 4
To Points at the same time . . . 000. 13. 4
To Beere in the Procession . . . 000. 07. 6 "
These " processions w were of a similar character to " beat-
ing the bounds" of a parish or borough, the various
properties belonging to the Trust being visited and in-
spected. What the provision of " points " meant is a
mystery; they were cords made from various materials,
often of silk, with tags at the end, and whether they were
worn by those who took part in the proceedings, or were
given away as they passed through the town, is not stated,1
but the charge for them occurs very frequently in the
accounts for the "Procession Day." In the year 1692 the
number attending the " Procession Dinner " is given as one
hundred and six men, at a cost of a shilling per man, with
" beere and points " as an extra. It appears also that beer
was generally supplied to workmen engaged on work for the
bridge : —
"To Beer at severall times to the workmen. . 001. 02. 0
To Beere to Labourers and Masons on the New
Key . . ... 000. 05. 0"
1 Another search through the accounts brought to light an entry in which
it is stated that the " points" were given away at the procession.
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 243
And sometimes "Barrells of Ale" were bought, as in
1714:—
"To Annie Dennis for a Barrell of Ale . . 1.10. 0
To Rob* Saul „ „ „ . . 1. 15. 0"
That the feoffees regaled themselves with refreshments at
their " surveys " and other meetings is very evident from
the many payments for such appearing in the wardens'
yearly accounts. Take the year 1691: in addition to the
"Procession Dinner" and "Beere at the same time," there
are six other charges for " Beere to the Feoffees," varying
from the small sum of eightpence to eight shillings and
sixpence. It is also evident that the meetings were held at
that time, and long afterwards, at different inns in the town,
of which the names are never given, the payments being
entered in the names of the respective landlords, making it
impossible now to trace the particular ones patronised, for
instance in 1718.
"To Mr Cornelius Parminter at a meeting of ye
Feoffees . . . . 12. 0
To Do at another meeting . 4. 11. 2
To Mr Bond at a meeting . . 2. 16. 0"
And again in 1720 : —
"To Cash paid Mr Parminter when ye Mayor
Aldermen & Feoffees meet to settle the
Bridge accounts . . 3. 5. 6
To Cash pd Mr Bonds bill for ye Procession
Dinner Drink &c , . . . 11. 11. 4"
The town was favoured by a visit in 1718 by Lord Grower,
the son, I believe, of Countess Granville, to whom the
manorial rights belonged, and there were great rejoicings
on the occasion, he being entertained with much hospitality,
and the firing of guns in his honour, as the following entries
will show : —
"To cash paid MT Ellis for 2£ doz of wine . . 1. 18. 0
„ „ for 20 bottles of claret . . . 1. 3. 4
„ „ for 7 gallons of sherry . . . 1. 13. "
Against these items is written a marginal note stating,
" Ye wine was bought to toast My Lord Gower per order."
Then there are further charges for the cost of "several
Q2
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244 THE LONG BBIDGB OF BIDEFORD.
meetings of ye Feoffees at Mr Bonds when Lord Gower came
to Town," and cash paid —
" To MT Lake for 78 lb of powder when Lord Gower
was in Town . . . . 3. 0. 0"
I may mention here that the bridge held some properties
upon which dues were paid to the lord of the manor, and
among them was one of "Gloves, Spurs, &c," which was paid
for many years in this form, but subsequently in cash.
To add to the interest and attractiveness of these annual
processions, music was sometimes provided, as in 1729 ten
shillings was paid for "Musick on ye Day"; and in 1732 it
is entered as paid for " Ye Drums and Musick." The drums
probably belonged to the bridge, for in 1735 there is a pay-
ment for a " Cord for the Drums," and also for a " Pair of
Collars for the Drummers." Very likely these are the
drums that came into the possession of the feoffees at the
letting of a field " near the town," for which there was keen
competition, the biddings (which are all given) advancing
from £21 to £35, but upon which a reserved price had
been fixed of "£35 10. 0 and a Pair of Drums with the
Bridge Arms."
There is nothing calling for special notice with reference
to these mingled convivial and business meetings for a
number of years, saving only that sometimes the steward,
in making up his accounts, gives fuller particulars as to the
liquors consumed by naming them all: "To wine, beer, cyder,
Punch, Tobacco, &c," until we come down to the time when
the dinners were held in the tapestried room of the new
Bridge HalL It had been intended to have the first dinner
there on St. Thomas's Day, 1758, but it was found that
neither the accounts for the year nor the room would be
ready by the date, and it was postponed for about three
months. Here is the order respecting it : —
" That a meeting of the Corporation and Feoffees shall be held
at the Bridge Hall for inspecting and signing the accounts on
Thursday the fifteenth day of March and that Mr Henry Bowen
have orders to provide a dinner for thirty persons to dine at the
Bridge Hall that day."
Though this must have been a very interesting event to
the members of the two bodies who joined in this auspicious
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 245
gathering, not a word is recorded as to the proceedings of
the day, and the only fact that can be given is the cost of
the feast, which amounted to £10 0s. 6d.y and as the charge
per head was one and sixpence for the dinner, most of this
sum was spent on drinkables. For the next few years the
dinner was regularly given on St. Thomas's Day ; but in
1765, for reasons not stated, it was ordered that "a cold
supper at eightpence per head be provided," reducing the
expense for that year to £4 4s. 2d.9 and this fit of economy
lasted until 1776, when the old custom of dining was revived.
A feeling that the money expended at these gatherings
could be put to a better use led to an order being made in
1782—
" That no dinner or supper be provided when the accounts were
examined, but that a glass of wine be ordered for the Gentlemen
who attend, and that the money usually spent on entertaining be
distributed to the poor of the town."
This laudable mode of using the money was carried out
for that year and the one following, but though " wine and
cakes for the Gentlemen" were all that was provided for
many years, the saving appears afterwards to have gone into
the coffers of the bridge instead of being given specially to
the poor.
Notwithstanding all that was being done, as I will show
presently, for the good of the town in the use of the surplus
funds, the feoffees appear to have been the objects of many
evil reports and slanderous statements, so much so that in
1793 they were roused to issue a very remarkable address,
which was ordered to be "signed, printed, and dispersed,"
dated December 9th, 1793 :—
"As many illiberal Insinuations and injurious Reports have
been thrown out against the Feoffees of the Bridge, which have
been industriously circulated by the Malevolant, and too easily
credited by the ignorant, and which the best disposed without due
examination can only from the general character of the Feoffees
undertake to contradict.
" We whose names are underwritten conscious of never having
been guilty of Fraud, Peculation or Wilful injury to the Trust
ourselves, nor of having been accessory to, nor of having connived
at anything of the kind in others, do thus publickly defy such
calumny and invite every principal resident in this town or vicinity
to examine our books and accounts which will be open for Publick
Inspection on Saturday the 21st inst. from ten o'clock in the fore-
noon untill two in the afternoon at the Bridge Hall, where several
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
246 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
members of the Trust will be ready to give such information as
may be requested.
'• Signed William Smith Kector Willm B. Jackson Mayor
W. Walter Tho8 Heywood, Justice
Wm Smith Geo. Buck
Sam1 Lavington Tho* Smith
John Marks Harry Cole
Tho« Grant
Geo. Brayley
John Clyde
E. Heywood."'
Whether this address had the desired effect of stopping
the slanders is not recorded, for no mention of the subject
is entered in the account of the meeting held on the day
named.
After an interval of some years we find the feoffees
lamenting the lack of interest taken by the general public
in the affairs of the Trust, and to remedy as far as possible
this unsatisfactory indifference they passed the following
resolution in December, 1805 : —
" And whereas it was formerly the custom to have an Annual
Dinner on St. Thomas's Day and to invite the Public to examine
the Bridge accounts, and whereas since the Dinner was abolished
very few persons have attended to inspect the accounts, now in
order to give publicity to the Bridge Accounts, it is agreed there
shall be an Annual Dinner for the Feoffees with liberty for each
Feoffee to invite one person yearly residing in the Parish to the
Dinner, the Dinner to be held this year on the 31st inst. to be
supplied by Honor Walker at 3/- per head including Beer and the
Wine to be drunk not to exceed two dozen bottles."
This dinner cost —
" To Honor Walker for Bridge Dinner
„ „ Decanters, Wine glasses, &c
To Messrs Jas & John Hogg for Wine
The only time when wine seems to have been kept in
stock is about 1808 to 1809, when a large amount was laid
out in the purchase of two or three different kinds. In 1808
Messrs. Willcock and Sons were paid for port and white
wine £42 14s. 6d., and in 1809 Mr. John Willcock for a
quarter-cask of red port wine £29 7s. 6d.
The last dinner on St. Thomas's Day at the expense of
the Trust was that given in 1809, and the hospitality was
dispensed at the Mansion House instead of at the Bridge
HalL
5. 16.
6
1. 16.
2
7. 5.
8"
Digitized by -Vj(
THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 247
What led more particularly to the abandonment of all
the old hospitality from that year cannot be gathered from
the books. It may have been simply a desire for economy,
or it may have arisen from the pressure of public opinion
against the continued use of the funds for such purposes ; at
any rate, the time-honoured practice ceased from 1809. No
longer, when the business of the day was over, was the wine
passed round, or the " punch bowl " placed on the table ; no
longer did toasts and songs enliven the rest of the evening ;
ever since, the work of the Trust has been carried on under
the more prosaic conditions of the present day. At the same
time it must be admitted that in those days, when the Trust
was a very close corporation, the processions, dinners, and
wine-drinkings may have served a useful purpose in keeping
alive an active interest in the proper up-keeping of the
bridge and an accurate knowledge of its properties.
It now remains for me to speak of what the bridge has
done for Bideford in the administration of its surplus funds.
Its benefactions have been varied and extensive, and may
roughly be divided into —
Its assistance to the cause of education.
Its charities, both individual and collective.
Its efforts to foster the commercial and social prosperity
of the town and inhabitants.
First, then, with reference to education. Almost as far
back as the books can take us, the feoffees were taking
a practical interest in such matters. Their association with
the Grammar School was evidently an intimate one ; in fact,
they appear to have had the chief share in the appointment
of the master, and in the management of the estate at
Eushtown, West Buckland, belonging to the school, and
also bore the cost of repairs to the school-house.
The first entry is in 1716, when a change was taking
place in the mastership ; a Mr. Roberts was retiring, and the
sum of £5 was paid him "on quitting ye school." His
successor was Mr. Zachary Mudge, whose name has been
made familiar to Bidefordians by Watkins, and he received
from the bridge funds an annual stipend of £10 from 1716
to 1732, with an occasional addition of an extra grant of
£10 "on account of the deficiency of scholars to the
Grammar School." On his resignation and removal to
Plymouth, Mr. Richard White was appointed to fill his
place, and the same salary paid to him while he held the
position as master. As a teacher he seems to have been
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248 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
unsuccessful, and the school declined in favour with the ,
townspeople to such an extent that in 1750 the following
order was made : —
" Finding the Free School of this town is shut up and that
Mr White the schoolmaster hath hut one scholar remaining who
he teaches in his own house which is a great Loss and Detriment
to the Inhabitants who are forced to send their children abroad
for education we have thought fit to offer to the said Mr Richard
White on his resigning the School and the School Estate at
Christmas next Ten pounds in hand and ten pounds per annum
during his life.,>
This liberal offer was accepted, and shortly afterwards
the school was reopened with Mr. Marshall as head master.
During all these years there are many payments for
repairs to the school buildings charged to the cost of the
bridge, and the feoffees were accustomed to grant the leases
for the cellars which were under the schoolrooms. A strange
revelation as to the purposes for which they sometimes were
used is brought to light by a clause ordered to be inserted
into a new lease granted in 1755 : —
"That in case any Gunpowder or other combustible matters
shall be put or lodged in said cellar, that such new lease shall be
forfeited."
Evidently it had come to the knowledge of the feoffees that
the school work had been carried on over a powder magazine !
Leaving the old Grammar School for a time, notice may
now be taken of another educational effort for providing
education of a more elementary character, the order for
which was made in December, 1761, and is as follows: —
"That whereas at this time there is no proper writing School
kept in this town to the great prejudice of the young people
thereof, therefore for the better encouragement of a proper person
well qualified to teach Arithmetic and the Art of Navigation to
come and settle here that Mr John Bartlett do advertise that if
any person properly qualified to teach Arithmetick and the Art of
Navigation will apply to the Mayor he shall meet with all due
encouragement."
The first master appointed waa Mr. William Banfield,
and he was to teach writing in addition to the other two
subjects —
"And in order to promote so good and useful a work, he shall
be paid Ten Guineas as an encouragement and consideration for
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 249
Teaching four children to be nominated by the said Feoffees and
Corporation."
Suitable premises for this new school, with accommoda-
tion for the master, were built upon a site close to the
Bridge Hall and the Grammar School, and in the "Com-
mercial School" then founded great numbers of young
Bidefordians from that time until it was closed, about
twenty-five years ago, received their education.
In appointing a new master in 1771, the feoffees acknow-
ledged the claim of girls as well as boys to receive the
advantages of the school, as the following extract from the
agreement entered into will show : —
" That the said John Jewell is to teach ten poor children either
Boys or Girls, six of which to be. taken from the workhouse and
four from the poorer families of Bideford, in reading and writing
and as a reward for the teaching the said ten children it is agreed
that the sum of ten pounds be paid yearly to the said John Jewell
out of the Bridge Stock."
It is worthy of notice that this Mr. John Jewell appears
to have held the appointment for about sixty years.
Many particulars are given in the books respecting the
selection of another master in 1837. The appointment was
to be open to general competition; advertisements were
ordered to be inserted in The Shipping Gazette, North Devon
Journal, and North Devon Advertiser (it looks as if no news-
paper was published in Bideford at that time) stating the
salary and emoluments, etc. Two candidates only applied,
and the choice fell on Mr. Charles Blackwell, "subject to
his passing an examination by Mr. Cannon, of Torrington,
as to his Competency to teach Navigation in the presence of
the Feoffees and Council." Precise regulations were also
drawn up and entered in the minute-book respecting candi-
dates for election on the foundation, who were to be chosen
from four classes, of which I will only quote two : " Orphans
of Mariners who have served the most part of the time they
were at sea in vessels belonging to this port," and second
class: "Sons of such Mariners whose widows continue
unmarried, preference to be given to those who have the
greatest number of children under fourteen years of age."
In addition to giving financial aid to the school, a watchful
eye was kept on the progress of the scholars, more particu-
larly those on the foundation, by inspection and occasional
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250 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
examination by a committee appointed for the purpose.
Here is a typical report given in 1848 ; —
"The Examination of the boys in the Commercial School on
the Foundation having been gone through with great care and
attention — Resolved that this meeting considers the Boys have
progressed in their education to our satisfaction and creditable to
Mr Blackwell the Master."
Reverting again to the bridge and the Grammar School,
we find in 1780 the feoffees undertaking a heavy expendi-
ture in rebuilding some of the walls together with other
repairs, and Mr. Ellis (the contractor who built the " Writing
School," as it was first called) was entrusted with the work,
the committee charged with the superintendence being
" requested to contract for the best materials." For many
years there is no record of any grant by way of salary to
the master of the school, but in 1803 an application was
made " to augment the income of the Master to induce some
respectable person to offer himself in the room of the late
Mr Willm Walters deceased," and to this appeal the feoffees
passed the following resolution : —
" Being of opinion that it will be a material benefit to the town
and neighbourhood to have a good Grammar School in Bideford,
resolved that the sum of twenty pounds be allowed to the Master
yearly for the term of three years certain."
This grant was extended to the fourth year on the per-
sonal application of the Rev. — Ebrey, the newly appointed
master. From that time no further assistance was given
by way of salary to the support of the school until about
1871, when the Charity Commissioners formulated a new
scheme for its management, and called upon the bridge to
contribute £80 per annum to its funds, afterwards in-
creased to £100, a subsidy which just enables the governors
to maintain this ancient foundation. A few years after
the heavy cost of widening and improving the bridge
had been cleared off, the feoffees launched out in another
effort to further the cause of education in the town, and
determined in 1823 on the erection of a school-house for
the education of the poor under the "Modern System."
The site selected for this purpose was part of the "Drum
Field," a portion of which had been granted many years
before to provide a "Church Burying Ground," and later
on the remainder of the field for the provision of a public
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 251
cemetery. The sum at first voted for this purpose was £500,
but before the work was finished, which included dwelling-
houses for the master and mistress, that amount was largely
exceeded, and as years went by, considerable outlay was
made in necessary alterations and repairs. This, the
"National School," as it was called, proved a great boon to the
townspeople, and has had a long career of usefulness, for
after all these years the children of the present day are still
receiving their early education within its walls, which are
surrounded on three sides by the mournful associations of
the old burying-places of the town.
Another school known as "Bell's," or the "British School,"
had been started by some of the inhabitants who objected
to their children attending the National School because it
was under the control of the Church, and in 1838 there was
a heavy debt outstanding on the school buildings. The
managers appealed to the bridge for help, and at a joint
meeting of the feoffees and Town Council a resolution was
proposed which, after some considerable opposition, was
ultimately carried —
"That a sum not exceeding £350 be applied to liquidate tho
debt on the 'British School,' and that the amount be paid in
instalments of £50 per year, provided that there be a sufficient
balance in hand after payment of the current expenses."
Following next in order comes a grant in 1844 of
"A plot of land at the corner of Honestone Street for erecting
suitable premises to carry on the work of an 'Infant School1
recently started."
In addition to having built two schools and given large
grants to others, the bridge funds were drawn upon for a
long succession of years to help to pay the salaries of the
teachers of three of them, and in fact did so until the
National and British Schools were taken over by the
School Board. A resolution passed in 1847 will convey the
best idea of the desire to foster educational matters.
"That the present Salaries to the Commercial School £12 10*.,
National School £35, and British School £35, be continued, but
all surplus monies beyond these sums be applied in compliance
with the Decree in raising the Reserve Fund to £2,000."
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252 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDBFOBD.
When some twenty-six or seven years ago the Free
Library and a " School of Science and Art " were established
in the town, the bridge subscribed for several years £25 a
year to their support, but after the building of the new hall
the funds of the Trust were so reduced, that these subscrip-
tions, along with others, had to be withdrawn, so that now
the only contribution in furtherance of education is the
£100 paid annually to the Governors of the Grammar
School
In submitting some of the facts respecting the charities
of the bridge, it will be found that concurrently with what
it did for education there runs an equally interesting story
of practical effort made to relieve distress among the poorer
classes of the community. The oldest form of charity
recorded in the books was assistance to individuals, of which
many examples might be cited ; but relatively they are not
of importance, so it is only necessary to give a few instances.
Sometimes clothing was given, but more frequently grants
of money were made to those in great need or necessity.
One of the most striking occurs in 1731, when an order was
made
"That there should be paid to one of the Aldermen now
reduced to great straights towards his better subsistence out of
the Stock now in the Bridge Chest the sum of ten guineas."
Another alderman and the widow of a third each had five
guineas voted at the same meeting for similar reasons.
Evidently the men holding that honourable position in the
borough at that time had fallen upon evil days. Again, in
1757, twenty pounds was subscribed to the general sub-
scription for the relief of the poor, and five pounds given
to " Willm Giles a poor inhabitant in order to set him in
his trade."
As a later illustration of such aid, take one in 1797 : —
" That the Steward do give three guineas to Willm Richards a
poor aged man to buy him a horse to carry coals in lieu of his
horse which lately broke his thigh."
Sums varying in amount from ten to twenty-five pounds
were often voted to be divided "among the poor and dis-
tressed householders of Bideford whom the Gentlemen of
the Corporation and the Feoffees might think most de-
serving," and now and then a full list is given of the
recipients and the amount each received. Down to about
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 253
thirty years ago this monetary assistance was given almost
annually, with the addition of " two pounds for bread."
It is well known that the labouring classes suffered great
privations at times in former days from scarcity of food and
the high prices of corn and wheat, and Bideford, in common
with the rest of the country, had to face at such times much
distress. On several occasions, when the high price of food-
stuffs was pressing heavily on the poor, the feoffees ordered
the purchase of corn, to be either made into bread and dis-
tributed in that form, or sold by the bushel at less than the
market price. The first time this was done was in April,
1728, when
"It was then and there agreed in consideration ye price of
corn is risen to such an Extravagant rate whereby ye poor and
many poor housekeepers of this Town and Parish are unable to
provide bread for themselves and families, so that they are driven
to great want thereof, that six bushels of wheat be bought weekly
and paid for out of the Bridge Stock in order to be made into
bread and distributed to such necessitous poor as shall be in need
thereof which in this time of scarcity we think will be well
appyd to a very charitable use and that ye same be continued so
long as shall be thought necessary.11
Here are two or three entries from the accounts for that
year showing how the order was carried into effect : —
"April 23. Cash paid for 6 bushells of wheat . 2. 3. 6
May 27. „ „ Grace Rowe for baking . 13.
„ 28. „ „ James Dennis for 30
bushells wheat . . 10. 11. 7
June 1. „ „ for grinding 36 bushells
wheat . . . 12.
,, 4. „ „ for baking 24 bushells
wheat . . 1. 6. 0"
Similar charges are entered during the next few months
and then cease, so it may be assumed that the pressure of
the " extravagant rate " had passed away. In 1741 there is
an account of the purchase of 200 bushels of barley to be
sold to the poor, upon which there was a loss of £5 lis. 6£rf.
The next "adventure in wheat" was in 1757, when 200
bushels were ordered to be purchased "at Bristol where
there is a large quantity imported for sale " ; and the bridge
wardens were instructed to "sell the same to the poor by
the half bushell or peck at the rate of five shillings and
sixpence per bushelL,,
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254 THE LONG BKIDGB OF BIDBFORD.
Ten years later an order was made to expend the sum of
£90 in the purchase of wheat, and here is how the account
is entered: —
"ADVENTURE IN WHEAT
"To cash for ye
purchase of it .
90. 0.
By ye proceeds
0 paid in . . 53. 15.
By 96 Baggs un-
sold . . 10. 16.
4
By loss on ye
wheat . . 25. 8.
8
£90. 0.
0 £90. 0.
0"
This method of relief to the poor is not heard of again
for nearly twenty years, when at a meeting of the feoffees
"John Willcock Esq™ produced a plan for purchasing a
Quantity of Corn to be sold in this Borough with a view to
reduce the present exorbitant price of that article " ; and
after consideration it was agreed " That twenty Guineas be
subscribed out of the Bridge Stock provided the said plan is
carried into execution." The " plan " does not seem to have
been " carried into execution/' as no payment appears in the
accounts for such a purpose. This is the last mention made
of purchases of corn, but still in the same spirit of philan-
thropy, in 1800, there was voted the sum of £40 "for the
purpose of making soup to be delivered to the poor accord-
ing to the discretion of a Committee." This probably was
the first "Soup Kitchen" established in the borough. At
one period the bridge maintained an " Alms House," which
was situated in Meddon Street or, as called in the older
days, Maiden Street ; but when it was first founded cannot
now be traced. The oldest reference to it is in 1719 in the
entry of a payment —
"To Mr Samuel Nott for ye Monument or Tablet
in ye front of the Bridge Alms House in
Maiden S* . . . 5. 5. 0"
And the next year, among the deeds and papers reported
as surrendered by certain individuals and deposited in " ye
chest," was " Mr Rob* Wren's deeds for his house in Maiden
S* now converted into ye Bridge Alms House." Judging
from the fact of the tablet being fixed in 1719, and that in
1723 money was laid out in building an additional apart-
ment, it is unlikely that the institution was an old one ; nor
did it long continue under the direct control of the feoffees,
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 255
for in 1738 the premises were transferred to the Overseers
of the Poor under the following orders : —
"Whereas for severall years past the ffeoffees of the Long Bridge
have lent for the use of the town to the overseers of the Town one
hundred pounds for which they severally gave Bond —
"Now be it remembered that by the consent of the Mayor,
Alderman, Capitall Burgesses and principal inhabitants of this
Town it was considered and thought proper that the Bridge Alms
House should be erected into a workhouse for the reception of the
poor of the said town, and that the said one hundred pounds Bond
together with one hundred pounds cash should be paid and laid
out towards re-ediffying and rebuilding the said house.1'
Though thus transferred to the overseers with the large
cash payment at the same time, the feoffees did not alto-
gether lose interest in their almshouse, for in 1761 they
gave an order for the " re-lettering in gold on a black ground
of the tablet placed over the door when in their hands as an
Alms House." And in the same order instructions were
given for the repair and re-lettering of the stone at the
bottom of Bridgeland Street, giving the date when the street
was formed.
The serious epidemic of small-pox in London during the
past twelve months reminds us of the terrible loss of human
life resulting from the outbreaks of that foul disease in former
days, and it is well known that Bideford suffered severely
on several occasions. To combat its ravages the feoffees did
all in their power to encourage " innoculation " among the
poor, and to do this more thoroughly voted the payment of
the surgeons' fees. For instance, at a meeting on 26th
January, 1787, it was ordered —
" The Poor people of the parish to be innoculated at the expense
of the Bridge at live shillings each to he done jointly by the Sur-
geons of the Town."
Similar orders were made in 1792 and 1795, and an allow-
ance of the same amount made to the "Gentlemen of the
Faculty." The medical aid given over a century ago was
renewed in after years by generous subscriptions to the funds
of the Bideford Dispensary and Infirmary when first estab-
lished ; but, alas, those subscriptions are not forthcoming
now, and one can only express the hope that the day is not
far distant when help from the bridge will again be forth-
coming for an institution that does such good work in the
town.
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256 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
Having dealt with the educational and charitable benefits
conferred upon the inhabitants of Bideford, attention may
be drawn to many noteworthy instances of efforts to advance
the material, social, and commercial prosperity of the town.
As far back as 1722 a dispute arose between the feoffees and
the lord of the manor respecting the rights to the foreshore
of some property East-the- Water, upon which their tenant
proposed to construct a " key/' Many details of the dispute
are given, and having taken the opinion of Mr. Lewis
Stuckley, which was favourable to their cause, Mr. Strange
was instructed to proceed with the work, it being agreed —
"That if any lawsuit be commenced in order to obstruct the
same that they will defend it at the charge of ye said Long
Bridge it being for the preservation of ye inheritance thereof and
for the benefit of ye said Estate and in discharge of ye trust in us
reposed."
Some negotiations took place about 1739 for the purchase
of the " Keyage and Port dues " with Lord Gower, and the
order relating to the same may be transcribed in full for the
light it throws upon the views of the feoffees with regard to
matters affecting the interests of the town.
"Whereas we are informed that the Right Honbl the Lord
Gower is willing to dispose of his right of Keyage, Port Duties,
and Lear for the lying of ships, etc., to the Feoffees of the Long
Bridge of Bideford, Now as we apprehend the same will be of
great benefit and for the promotion of the Trade of the town, we
the Corporation and Feoffees whose hands are subscribed do au-
thorise and empower Lewis Stuckley Esqre to treat for and agree
with the Right Honble Lord Gower for purchasing the said Keyage,
Port Dues, Lear or what else may be thought necessary for the
advancement of the trade and navigation of the said town of
Bideford, Given under our hands 18th of April, 1739."
Underneath this order are the signatures of those present,
numbering eighteen. Unfortunately the negotiations entered
upon were unsuccessful, and the port and quay dues, together
with the market tolls, remained in the hands of successive
lords of the manor until purchased by the Town Council
about twenty-five years ago. What effect the purchase
would have had upon the commercial prosperity of the port
cannot of course be said, but looking at the spirit animating
the feoffees, it is likely to have been advantageous. This
failure, however, did not prevent them from adopting other
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 257
measures for improving the navigable channel of the river,
and within five years the following order was made : —
" It appearing to the Feoffees that the Navigation of the River
is almost entirely spoiled and will be useless to the trade of the
town unless some speedy remedy be applied, it is therefore ordered
that the sum of eighty pounds be taken out of the Bridge Stock
and that the same be applied to the work of improving."
Other grants for the same object were given at different
times, but not to such a large amount. On one occasion the
Mayor, George Buck, Esq., left in the hands of the feoffees
"the ten pounds usually paid to succeeding Mayors," and
they in their discretion ordered " that the money be applied
towards cleansing and keeping the Lair in repair." The ten
pounds here referred to as being so generously surrendered
by Mr. Buck and applied to such a useful purpose was a
sum paid under an order made 13th September, 1734 : —
" We approve and order the payment of Ten pounds Pr ann for
this and all ensuing years out of the Bridge money to the worship-
full Mr Mayor for the time being towards his expenses for the use
of the Corporation."
And until about the end of the century this was regularly
paid.
In speaking of th© dinners at the cost of the bridge,
mention was made of the giving up of that function once
or twice so that the money might be devoted to charity.
Let me now draw attention to a similar sacrifice for another
worthy object. In arranging for the inspection of the
accounts in December, 1764, it was ordered : —
" That the Stewards accounts be inspected on St Thomas's Day
as usual, and it is further ordered that no entertainment be given
but that the sum usually laid out on such entertainment be applied
to the subscription for the purchase of a good Fire Engine for the
good of the town."
A year later fifty pounds was voted for this purpose
"provided the inhabitants of the town will subscribe the
remainder." The townspeople seem to have treated this
offer with apathy, for nothing was .done for two or three
years until the feoffees again took the matter up, renewing
their offer and appointing a committee to collect the ad-
ditional money required. This fresh effort was successful,
and by 1770 the fire-engine was purchased and the following
vol. xxxiv. R
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258 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
regulations given to the wardens for its safe keeping and
use: —
" That the Fire Engine lately purchased hy them for the use of
the Town should he .taken great care of and put in a convenient
place for its security and upon mature consideration it is thought
no place so convenient as the cellar under the Town Hall, and
that the said Engine is now put under the care of the Bridge
"Wardens who are herehy directed to take it out and play off said
Engine on the following days in each ensuing year (to wit) some
day in the first week of the months of May, July, and September,
and that proper shelves be put up in said cellars for putting up the
leather pipes."
Many charges appear in the accounts for " playing off the
engine," "liquoring the pipes" and "repairs," etc., and
doubtless in the years following it played a useful part
in saving the town from such destructive fires as had laid
waste large portions of other towns in the country. A second
engine was bought in 1803, to which the bridge contributed
£55, and this also was placed under the care of the wardens,
and both were to be " played off" four times a year — oiled
and repaired for the sum of seven pounds per annum.
The diversity of the demands upon the resources of the
bridge, and the readiness with which these varied calls were
met, would take too long to enter upon fully, and only a few
can be mentioned. Take firstly one in 1731 : —
" That the Town Prison should be forthwith made strong and
effectual to secure prisoners as Mr Mayor shall direct and the
charge for so doing to be paid out of the Bridge Stock. [The
amount paid was £30 14*. ld.\ being to discharge ye several
tradesmens notes brought in for worke and materials to repair
and secure ye Town Prison."
The funds were drawn upon in 1750 for providing a bell
in the Guildhall and for paying the salary of the "Bell
Man":—
" Whereas it is thought proper that a Bell Man be appointed
for ye better security of the town by night and finding those
formerly appointed bitterly complaining that the Trifles they
collected were insufficient for their trouble we have thought fit to
appoint Richd Groot with a salary of four guineas per annum."
In 1806 an attempt was made to introduce into the town
a " Straw manufactory to give employment to poor children,"
and the committee entrusted with the management of this
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 259
venture applied to the feoffees for some financial help, with
the result that twenty pounds was voted for the purpose,
but as the whole of that sum was not handed over, the
enterprise in all probability died a natural death.
It should not be forgotten by the inhabitants of Bideford
that it was to the bridge their forefathers were indebted for
the provision of the old church burying ground and the public
cemetery as resting-places for their dead, so a few particulars
relating to the different grants of land are worth extracting
to remind us of the fact. Some time about 1740 the
necessity of securing additional burying ground had forced
itself upon the notice of the rector, churchwardens, and
townspeople. The churchyard proper was hemmed in too
closely for any considerable extensions to its boundaries,
and suitable ground had to be sought for elsewhere. This
was found in a plot of land belonging to the bridge, and
after some negotiations was granted by the feoffees for the
purpose under an order dated 14th June, 1742, which after
a lengthy preamble reads —
"Was then unanimously consented to and agreed by the said
Feoffees &c with James Horwood and Sam1 Banbury church-
wardens of the said Parish of Bideford that the piece or plot of
ground belonging to the aforesaid Feoffees and lying near the
Parsonage, containing one hundred and eighty feet in length and
the same in breadth enclosed with a wall shall be henceforth for
ever be appropriated for a Burying Place for the inhabitants of
the Town and Parish, the churchwardens yearly for the time
being paying to the said Feoffees and their successors ten shillings
of lawful money at the Feast of Christmas and that the same
piece of ground or any part thereof shall never be employed to
any other use."
This arrangement was confirmed at a vestry meeting in
the month of August, and on the part of the parishioners it
was resolved —
" That no person for one year to come shall be buryed in the old
churchyard, but in the New Burying Ground unless such as have
walled graves of their own or Tombstones or the Antient Re-
putable ffamilies of the town who desire to be buried by their
friends."
To this confirmation of the agreement are attached the
signatures of James Hervey, curate, James Horwood, church-
warden, Richard Blinch, mayor, and a number of the feoffees
and inhabitants. Not only was the land granted on the
R 2
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260 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
nominal rent, but the tenant's claim for compensation upon
giving up possession, as well as all the legal costs incurred
in obtaining the necessary fiat, were paid out of the bridge
f unds. Just a hundred years later a similar difficulty arose,
and again additional burying ground had to be obtained, and
it was to the bridge again that application was made by the
authorities for the means of meeting it. This was met by
granting the remaining portion of the same field, one half
to be added to the church burial place and the other to
be used as a " Public Cemetery," opened in 1842.
Let me now refer to the relations of the feoffees to the
social life of the town, and there are some things of interest
to be found in the journals that may be recalled to notice
from the forgotten past. When some ten or twelve years
ago a "Bowling Green" was opened, it was generally
thought that it was the first of its kind established in
Bideford, at any rate of a public character; but far away
back in the earlier half of the eighteenth century we find
the feoffees trying to provide a green for the inhabitants to
indulge in the ancient and historic game of bowls. An
application for a lease for building a new house near the
Parsonage had been made by Koger Giffard, Esq., and one of
the conditions in granting the same was that —
" In consideration of the said Roger Giffard turning the garden
now in possession of Stephen Smyth into a good bowling green
and keeping the same in good repair during the term, the said
Roger Giffard is to have a lease for three lives of the said house
and Bowling Green."
From another entry in 1768, nearly forty years after, it
will be seen that the feoffees were trying to place the green
upon a more secure footing : —
"That if John Cleveland Esq" do demise the waste spot of
ground now made into a Bowling Green Walk for the Absolute
term of 99 years to such persons as shall be approved of by
George Buck Esq™ John Spooner Esqre Willm Hamlyn Heywood
Esq™ Willm Buck Esq" Edward Smith Esq" Mr Willm Strange
and Mr John Strange, or the major part of them, then we
direct that the sum of twenty pounds be paid by the Steward, for
the purpose of securing the banks and completing the said Bowl-
ing Green and Walk."
How long the ever-popular game of bowls was played on
this green is another of those facts that cannot now be
traced.
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 261
The feoffees bought in 1761 a house on the quay which in
after years was the home of all the social functions and
assemblies of the people of Bideford and the immediate
neighbourhood. It had formerly been an inn known as the
" Fox and Goose," afterwards was the custom house of the
port, but at the time of purchase was in the occupation of a
private individual Whether the property was purchased
with the object of converting the premises into the mayor's
house and assembly room is not stated ; in fact, the feoffees
did not obtain quiet possession for a long time, owing to a
prolonged disagreement with the late owner about dilapida-
tions, but in 1775 its career was settled in the following
order : —
"Whereas the Mayors of this Burrough for many years last
past have been put to great inconvenience by holding their enter-
tainments at their own Houses ordered that the House on the Key
known by the name of the 'Fox and Goose' be put in proper
repair at the expense of the Bridge under the direction of Willm
Hamlyn Heywood Esqre. and the Rev4 Lewis Buck for the pur-
pose of a Mayors House and holding the said entertainments
there and that with the consent of the Corporation a deed be
prepared granting the same from the Feoffees of the Long Bridge
in trust for the Corporation of Bideford for the term of Twenty
one years under the yearly rent of five shillings and the premises
to be repaired at the expense of the Bridge."
The undertaking thus begun proved a very costly one in
the years to come, and formed a continual drain for large
sums spent in repairs, alterations, and extensions. Many
fresh agreements were drawn up from time to time, some of
them containing conditions that have a certain quaintness
in their terms to us nowadays. For instance, one whereby it
was agreed " to lay out £150 for altering or rebuilding the
Mayorality House agreeable to a plan prepared by Mr
Kendall, provided that 5 % for such sum shall be collected
annually from the subscribers to the Casino held in the said
Mayorality House"; and the Mayor "was made answerable
for the said interest, provided it was not paid by the Sub-
scribers." In another and later one the lady presidents
were to pay all future taxes on condition that they had it
lent free for the purpose of public assemblies.
Some light could be thrown upon the social amusements
of Bideford by fuller extracts from the books, for the rooms
in this house were practically the only ones available in the
town for balls, concerts, lectures, and other entertainments,
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262 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
until the new and handsome building known as the " Public
Booms " was erected by a company in Bridgeland Street, and
somewhere about the same time the feoffees, owing to the
heavy cost of keeping the old Mansion House in proper re-
pair, decided upon closing it and leasing the site for private
enterprise. The Public Booms Company intended at first to
build the new hall upon the same spot, and entered into an
agreement for that purpose, but failing to obtain possession
of some adjoining property deemed necessary to carry out
the plans, the proposal had to be relinquished, and the site is
now occupied by the substantial residence called Granville
House. Added to all the contributions towards educational,
charitable, commercial, and social objects just dealt with,
the Church also came in for a share of the bounties bestowed
by the feoffees from the bridge funds, aud this is not to be
wondered at. The fact that all the "notices" of " surveys"
were published in the parish church brought them and their
officials into close relations with the succeeding rectors and
churchwardens, and no doubt fostered a desire to render
some assistance when funds were needed for repairs or
restorations. So in 1735 we find the feoffees paying the
cost of repair and restoration of the church windows,
amounting to "twenty pounds, fifteen shillings and nine-
pence for Glazing, Stonework, Carpenters and Smithwork
thereon." A second case is to be noted in 1785, when large
alterations and enlargements were carried out, and to assist
the rector and churchwardens the feoffees unanimously
agreed —
"That the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds, together with
whatever more may hereafter be found necessary to complete the
intended enlargement of the Church be lent out of the Bridge
Stock free of interest to the Committee appointed at the Vestry,
and that the note of hand of the churchwardens to repay the same
as it shall arise from the letting of the seats be accepted as
security for the same."
The benevolent rflle of the bridge feoffees towards the
Church and Church people found expression in other ways
besides those just mentioned, for in 1799 we find them
resolving to entertain the Bishop of Exeter at dinner, "as
they the said Feoffees consider the attendance of the Bishop
as an advantage to the Town by preventing the inhabitants
the trouble of going to Barnstaple or Torrington for con-
firmation." The expenses of this dinner were partly met
by surrendering some fees due to themselves, amounting to
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THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD. 263
£6 0*. 6d., and the balance of £23 13*. 2d. was taken from
the funds. On another occasion, in 1808, a public breakfast
was given to the Bishop, and this time the feoffees them-
selves paid all the expenses of the entertainment.
There is much in the books relating to the disputes be-
tween the Eev. John Whitfield, who was Eector of Bideford
from 1742 to 1783, and the feoffees, but as this matter has
been dealt with by other writers, it is not necessary to enter
fully into the subject, simply observing that after Mr.
Whitfield's death more amicable relations, took the place of
the former turmoil and strife. His successor, the Eev.
William Smith, was in 1788 elected on the Trust, and took
an active part in the management of its affairs, and another
well-known name appears in the same roll of newly
appointed feoffees, viz. that of the Eev. Samuel Lavington.
There are not many references in the bridge records to
public matters touching the national life of the country
generally — only now and then is heard an echo of such
events as the rejoicings at the proclamation of peace follow-
ing the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, at the end of
the Seven Years' War in 1763, and again at the termination
of the long struggle with France under Napoleon. Then
there are festivities at the jubilee of George III. and at the
coronation of George IV., and to the due and proper cele-
bration of these events in Bideford the feoffees contributed
from the bridge funds.
The only instance of money voted to anything beyond
the borough is that of a subscription for the relief of the
distressed inhabitants of Tiverton, when that town was
partly devastated in 1731 by one of those serious fires from
which that town had suffered on several occasions, and to
the fund raised for the distressed householders the feoffees
contributed twenty guineas.
This paper has much exceeded my estimate of its length
when first looking through the books of the Trust prior to
commencing it, but the closer examination of them revealed
so many matters of interest that it seemed a necessity and
well worth while to rescue them from the oblivion of the
steward's office; and though my effort is but a poor and
imperfect one, it may be useful in recalling to the notice of
those now living in this ancient borough many forgotten
incidents in the history of the town and the influence of the
bridge in moulding the lives of the inhabitants. Much
more might have been written about many of the subjects
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264 THE LONG BRIDGE OF BIDEFORD.
touched upon, and many others might have been noted,
particularly those connected with the repairs of the bridge
and its piers and cutwaters, etc.; but perhaps some more
able hand than mine will search through these books again
and deal more fully with their contents. At any* rate, the
extracts furnished will give a fair idea of the practical and
many-sided help given from the funds of the old bridge to
this town, and will serve as a memorial to the enlightenment
and public spirit of a long line of worthy men, striving,
according to the circumstances of the times in which they
lived, to administer to the best advantage and usefulness of
the bridge itself, and for the good of their fellow-townsmen,
the funds committed to their charge.
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EXTRACTS FROM A DEVONSHIRE LADY'S
NOTES OF TRAVEL IN FRANCE IN THE
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
BY THB REV. OSWALD J. RBICHBL, B.C.L. & lf.A„ F.8.A.
(Bead at Bideford, July, 1902.)
The writer of the MS. from which the following extracts
are taken was Jane Parminter, eldest daughter of John
Parminter, of Lisbon and Exmouth, and his wife Jane, n6e
Arbouin or Arboyn, and granddaughter of Richard Parminter
the elder, of Broadgate, near Barnstaple. She was born
5th February, 1750, at Lisbon, and died 1810 at A la Ronde,
near Exmouth — a house which she had erected some twelve
years previously to reproduce in miniature the Church of
San Vitale at Ravenna. The MS. is a small, closely written
octavo in her own handwriting, but otherwise without name
or date ; but the date is easily supplied by the aid of two
entries, one in which she states that she saw the King,
Louis XVI., at Versailles, the other that the Fete de bon Dieu
or Corpus Christi in the year that she was at Marseilles
fell on 26th May. The former entry limits the journey to a
time between 1773 and 1789 ; the latter fixes the stay at
Marseilles for the year 1785, since in that year Whitsun
Day fell on the 15th May, and Corpus Christi is always
observed on the Thursday following the Octave of Whitsun
Day. It is not always very legible, and is reproduced with
the traveller's spelling and abbreviations. Although there
is a good deal more than is here extracted, it ends abruptly,
as private notes usually do.
Of travelling companions there is hardly a word except
that they were a party of four. One of these, as appears from
an inquiry by Carlowitz et Compagnie as to "la sant£ de
toute la Compagnie mais en particulier de celle de Made-
moiselle Elizabeth," dated 13th July, 1785, bore the name
of Elizabeth, and was no doubt the writer's younger sister
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266 EXTRACTS FROM A DEVONSHIRE
Elizabeth, born at Exmouth in 1756, who died soon after her
return home at Malmesbury. A second was Mary Parminter,
only surviving daughter of the writer's cousin, Richard
Parminter, of Broadgate, who had lost her mother in 1772,
her father in 1779, her only sister in 1783, and was just
seventeen at the time of starting; the third was Jane
Parminter herself. Possibly her friend Louisa Combebrune
or Miss Wreford may have been the fourth. For although a
passport issued at Rome, 16th April, 1786, to Mary's brother,
John Parminter, authorising him to travel with his servant to
Naples, pro ves that he must have been in Italy at the same
time as the party, yet all the party must have been ladies,
since at Dijon they all four slept in one room.
"June 22 [1784] set off from London at half after five,
passd thro* Greenwich, breakfasted at Dartford very fine pleasant
country ; on to Rochester the river very pretty and the country
one bloom of mingled bransies and Crops, Corn, Wood &
Beans ; dind at Mr. Frend's1 Canterbury & in a coach to Dover,
very pleasant indeed the high cliffs behind the houses; very
tollrable treatment at Dover.
"June 23 walkd to the Castle, most delightful prospect;
calld at Mr. Stringers went into the Vessel at half after twelve
& arrivd at Calais half after three, a most charming passage ; sick
twice but did not spoil my enjoyment. Went to Desaings walk'd
round the Ramparts very pretty, saw M™ Mannings slept at
Daisings;2 Mr. Stringer suppd with us.
"June 24 hir'd a Coach for Paris took six post horses &
away for it ; very pleasant merry ride over large fields or rather
commons of Corn, not much wood, but pleasant view of the sea ;
, din'd at Boulogne, changd my i>20 note. The Town very
neat & pretty & an exceeding pl[eas]ant ride with the Rivr in
view & on high downs of Corn ; on to Montreuil which is on the
side of very high long hill the Houses all rising one above
another, fine fortifications with a stream or small river
in great Variety all round it some fine Gateways and an
Abbey Royal. Slept at Montreuil tolerable accomadition but
dirty, charming ancient looking Town.
"June 25 got up early at four o'Clock walkd round the Town
very ple[as]ant indeed ; breakfasted & on to Abbeville the pros-
pects remarkably deversified and very rich with wood. Abbeville
has a very pretty and large app[ea]rance as you enter, the Town
doubly fortified and old fine gateways with a long walk under
1 George Friend, who had married Jane Parminter's younger sister, Mary
Anne. Both he and his wife are buried at Littleham next Exmouth.
3 Murray's Guide states that the Hdtel Dessin, where Sterne and Sir
Walter Scott lodged, in Rue Royale, is converted into baths, a museum, and
schools*
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LADY'S NOTES OF TRAVEL IN FRANCE. 267
them. Afternoon walk'd round Abbeville, walks of Trees very
rural and full of summer verdure. There is a fine walk on the
Ramparts planted with Trees which goes quite round the Town
& makes 3 miles round. Walking round you cross many Bridges.
There is a very pretty River which branches out in many places,
many good Houses, one hundred Carriages kept by private families
13 Bridges, 13 parishes, 13 chant[ri]es one handsome Cathedral,
a large Manafacture of Cloth & died wool and they sell cheap
cambric 7 Gates, 13 Nunnerys. Spent 3 days there & went with
the Mistress of the Hotel to her Garden.
" 28 June, left Abbeville early in the morning a very pleasant
ride thro* rows of fine Trees & a great deal of corn ground to
Clocher,8 Flixcourt* Piquigny & Ajmiens where we din'd the
Capital of Picardy, a very large City with sixteen Churches a
most elegant Cathedral with a beautiful Pulpit of Marble &
Gold supported by the Christian Graces and shadow'd over by an
Angel who with one hand in a most beautiful Attitude seems to
screen the Gospels — there is likewise one very rich fine Altar &
many lesser ones of beautiful Marble, the Chateau d'eau, the
Machinery or Water Castle from whence the water is convey'd
to different parts of the City the Water is work'd by various
Wheels below and thrown up thro* pipes to the Top of the House
where is a reservoir which out of two Mouths falls down again,
from the leads there is a fine view of the Town & Country,
there is also a charming long walk thro' a grove of Trees forming
an Arbour, at the end of which is a large piece of Water abound-
ing with fish, as you are in the walk one end appears to be
cWd with a village upon a hill, the other a pretty steeple — there
are fine Ramparts & strong fortifications planted thick with Trees
and a very pleasant River, the ride from Amiens to Breteuil is
very pretty hard white Road and Woman making it — many
Woman also wheeling of Turf, very little Cows, poor horses &
many mules, no inclosures, one pretty village of farms near
Briteuil. slept there tollrable accomadation
" 29th set off in the Morning very pleasant ride to Marigny
St. Just Vineyards planted thick upon flat ground and hills but
low sticks not above a yd long, some part of the ground very
barren, others full of Corn, Rie and other grain no hedges but
the roads planted thick of4 each side with Apple Trees Aspen
Trees & Elms. Clermont a handsome looking Town and Cinque-
ville upon a Hill, from thence to Chantilly very pleasant a few
handsome Houses belonging to Mareschile of4 the right hand side
of the road. Chantilly a village upon rising ground finely situated
in the midst of the Prince of Condi's Park, the gardens beauti-
fully gay, full of fountains, statues, the water quite full of large
Carp which are very familiar, the Palace is very handsome, the
• Ailly le Haut Clocher.
4 Old English use for on, surviving longer in Devon than elsewhere.
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268 EXTKACTS FROM A DEVONSHIRE
Gallery elegant highly finished with gold a large looking glass &
a piece of painting describing the ware of Louis 14th., the
Bust of Henry 4th. and a fine piece of a Prince of Conde who
.turn'd first Traitor and then Penitent which is represented by his
giving a confession of his crime to Fame who with a trumpet he
bids to report to the world his crime and his repentance in one
corner sits History tearing out the leaf of his error out of her
book, the furniture is velvet highly wrought with flowers, from
this room you enter the Cabinet of curiosities in which are a fine
set of medals a pair of noble globes a foot round, a set of Birds,
Beasts, fish, a calf with two fore parts, spar, coral, amber, Crystal,
Seeds of plants, shells and many other natural Curiosities. — the
Princess's apartments are very elegant consisting of Bedroom,
closets and sitting-room. There are many fine pieces of painting
there, the gardens are large & have a great deal of water full of
large carp which are very familiar. There is a tolerable Menagery
& a very pretty Av[i]ary well stock'd with Birds, Indian and
Chinese Pheasants, sea-fowl, Pidgeons of various kinds and Black
fowls with white skin, White Fowls with black skin & purple
crested. — a marble dairy a water parlour pretty and cool enough
surrounded with fountains from marble basons which all play.
The playhouse is pretty enough, the stables all marble & very
long, the building has a very noble appearance on the outside
" Slept at Chantilly the 30th June, din'd (or rather pd for a
dinner) at St. Denis, went to see the Abbey the burying place of
the royal family, very fine monuments in marble of all the Kings,
Queens &c That of the Mareschille de Turenne is very fine
indeed Saw the jewels & robe which are very superb some fine
pieces of agate in different forms, a vast many jewels and all kept
in high order, the road from Chantilly to St Denis has the
finest prospect of any from Callais. the due of Bourbon has
a seat there & the Hills & fiats & villages are very thick with
some gay gardens, from St. Denis to Paris is pretty enough but
not so pretty a very handsome gateway to enter Paris & the
houses built high & with stone but the streets narrow & the shops
not large or gay. it does not appear near so large or populous as
London tho' the Louvre & other new buildings by the Bridge are
very handsome sup't & slept at the hotel de la ville de Rome pres
de la rue de poulers et de la Colonnade de Louvre a very dirty
Inn indeed, the staircase shaking, the maids bold & impertinent,
the treatment sparing & the charge extravagant.
" 31* a most disagreeable day waiting for the postillions cheated
and imposd on shamefully, obligd to buy a stick for the Coach
however at six set off for Versailles a very pleasant ride by the
riverside thro' St. Clue, the palace5 has a very handsome appear-
8 The Chateau of St Cloud was built by the Grand Dauphin, son of Louis
XIV. (who died in it), from designs of Mansard, 1699, and was reduced to a
heap of ruins during the bombardment of Paris in 1871.
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lady's notes OF TRAVEL IN FRANCE. 269
ance, the Avenues to it planted with high Trees the night passed
very comfortably among good tempered civil people & the next
morning walkd to the palace which looks very grand, the play-
house is quite superb, the cieling is most delicately painted &
form three Alcoves the Royal Box & others like galleries are
marble highly ornamented with gold & the backs of the sides
of the playhouse are looking glass so that the company lights
& scenes are all reflected, the green room is likewise very hand-
some, the guard room is marble with some paintings, from thence
is a suite of rooms adorned with many fine paintings Louis 15 is
a very fine picture & the meeting of Alexandr & the family of
Darious. the Queen's apartments are furnish'd with painted silk
& all the ornaments highly enrich'd with jewels, the play room
is also very elegant, there are pictures of her Family. The
King's apartments are likewise very handsome and a very curious
orrery that moves all its circles as the heavens do many & curious
clocks. But the grand gallery is noble 17 windows in front,
opposite each window is a looking glass of the same size, on the
vaults over ceiling is painted the war of Louis 14th very striking
pictures indeed, the chapel is very beautiful full of fine paintings
& the King's gallery very handsome. We saw the King a
corpulent man not strikingly agreeable, the Queen is tall &
elegant small features. The gardens are very large full of Water
& Trees but not so gay with Flowers, there are most delightful
statues full of expression, the Menagery is very good Corsican
stags, the Buffalo, the Rhinocerus, the Pelican, the Panthr, African
sheep no tail & a great variety of other things, the palace of
Trainon has a fine marble pavilion —
" 3 June went to Marly saw the curious machine of water works
— & a fine contrast to it in Madam Barry's house which is very
elegant indeed full of softness, the pavilon at the bottom of the
garden is elegantly magnificent Marble slightly touched with gold,
from the entrance room is another with looking glass doors & four
pieces of historical painting representing, the first interview of
lovers with Hymen & doves all around, the 2d the inconstancy
of the lover, the 3d the the putting out the fire &
melancholy of the nymph with a kind of plaintive air thrown on
the piece, 4th the return of & reconciliation when all parties rejoice,
the other room is highly finishd with a very curious china table
& other ornaments, the prospect from this enchanted spot is
beautiful like an Amphitheatr bounded by Hills on which the
river Seine forms two glassy circles & branches out sweetly at the
end, the hills are varied some rough others coverd with vine
others raisd by ridges. St. Germain s appears very well & a very
pretty bridge of the side sets off the view but the rough work of
the wheels directly before the eye labouring to supply the luxury
of Idle state is a most striking object — The Palace of Marly 6 is
6 Marly was purchased by speculators at the Revolution, who pulled it
down to sell the materials.
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270 EXTRACTS FROM A DEVONSHIRE
finely situated commands the rivr county & many villages & towns,
the Queen's apartments are peculiarly beautiful the furniture rich,
a fine painting over the door of children and another of a
Cupid tickling the one that remains asleep, the gardens are full
of charming woods with 1 2 summer houses 6 of each side for the
Ambassador of foreign states, lost myself in the gardens which
have many statues and fountains, went to St. Cere, the chapel
has some delightful paintings Peter curing the lame man & many
others.
" 5 July went to Si Clue, saw the manafactr of glass & china7
most beautiful indeed, tables & urns and paintings as strong as
life & flowers like nature, from thence to Belview a house
belonging to the King's sister very large & fine, a vast number
of curious clocks & some good paintings, the gardens are very
fine full of labyrinths & pretty pieces of rock work, the prospect
from the Terrass is charming the Seinner St Clue, Paris & all the
other Environs which have a very fine effect
[10 lines illegible, the ink having faded altogether.]
"11th walkd in the Woods very pleasant, the woods are
enclosed 12 miles, some pretty views from them
"12 walkd by vineyards to a pretty village & so home by the
woods.
"13th went across the watr to the milatory academy of charity
instituted by madam pompadour pr permission of Louis 15th by
a tax on cards for the educating in the use of arms 150 young
gentn sons of noblemen — a very fine chapel in which are paint-
ings representing the life & death of St Louis and a most superb
canopy for making a Knight the whole very complete & neat,
the watr works carriages, stables good with fine horses, the
hall some fine painting of sieges in it particularly one of
a storm by moonlight, fair statues of Marshal Saxe, luxemberg
Turenne. from thence went to see the Hospital of Invalids
a most beautiful Church with five domes; the large & middle
one represents the twelve Apostles, round the higher part
St. Louis bringing his crown to our Saviour; under the four
evangelists; the four corner domes all marble highly enrich'd
in which are brightly painted the different historys of St.
Ambrose, St Augustine, St Jerome & St. Gregory; between
are the Chapels of the Virgin Mary & St. Therasa — the whole
Church is beautiful but the middle altar has fine rich gilt Pillars
which shades it by a curtain of gold, there are very handsome
stone galleries round the hospital, two very handsome staircases
and convenience for 15 hundred men; 8 hundred only in it at
present & some of them above 90 years.
"16 July went to Paris to see the Church of the Theatines in
which were some good paintings, a fine monument of a Lady
7 S&vrea adjoins St Cloud
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LADY'S NOTES OF TRAVEL IN FRANCE. 271
kneeling & weeping over her husband; saw the priest in his
fine robes at service; afterwards went to the place where they
coin money; then to the grand Augustin an Abbey built by
Anne a Queen of France for the reception of ladies of quality ;
very handsome altar of marble with a great deal of emboss'd
work in gold & some fine paintings ; then to hospital of surgery
very handsome building; then to the chapel & convent of
Carmelites, highly finish'd, the dome paintings, the sides paintings
of our Saviour's miracles, one a Christ on the Cross very well
done, little enclos'd chapel rail'd in white & gold of Madam
one of tho mistresses of Louis 14th. Description of her penitence
lind round with small paintings of Magdalen raising Lazarus Ac.
&c. all very beautiful ; another with a long fine portrait of
Joseph asleep & the Virgin at prayers an angel appearing to
him in a dream & saying, Fear not to take unto thee Mary thy
wife; the Altar very noble of colour'd marble & the whole
chapel has a very elegant appearance full of fine paintings,
marble & gilt ornaments ; the priest's garments very rich ; another
old church in which was our Saviour in wax crowned with thorns
& the blood all in streaks over his body, a black Virgin dresst
out in pearls & a number of other baubles, the inside of the
Quire was the reception of Knights by the different Kings;
likewise saw 3 rooms full of pictures of the different Knights
from the reign of Henry 3rd to Louis 14th a number of good
faces; in this room the Knights receivd their orders & after-
wards made a present of their own pictures; thence to the
Tapestry manafacture or in French les Gobelins where we saw
the people draw the patterns & work in silk and worsted the
modern & old way; they are three years & half about a carpet
& have 25 guineas pr yd square; saw five finishd one piece
representing Athaliah with all the rage that despair & disappoint-
ment endeavouring to thrust thro' the crowd guards that
kept the young King
[11 lines almost illegible.]
then to the Church of St. Genevieve the patroness of Paris;
her coffin is raised upon four marble pillars supported by four
angels enclosd in a silver box with which is carried about in
procession once a year ; there is light all round with wax candles
& below from whence her body is taken is a lamp burning
night & day; there are a number of pictures of her cures &c.
This Church is very ancient, but there is another building in
honour of her, most elegant sculpture, 12 fluted pillars outside
which measure near 5 yds round
[11 lines too faint to read.]
walkd in the Tuilleries large & fine Trees — with some good
statues, the statue of Louis 15th on horseback placed in a very
good situation. p ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
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272 EXTRACTS FROM A DEVONSHIRE
"20th saw a great many churches & convents, the church
of the assumption, a fine convent, round dome round which are
paintings, one beautiful small piece undr the altar of the last
Supper, St. John a most lovely face & Judas sliding out of
the room with the bag, his character very well expressed in his
hangdown look ; the Church of St. Roch a fine Church
with a great many little chapels in it but the most beautiful
is the appearance from the large Aisle of four Altars one behind
another of 1st the hanging on the Cross, Mary Magdalen peeping
with an eye expressive of grief enlargd by faith — the Virgin
Mother full of Anguish supported by John of the other side
the cross; the second altar, is the taking down the body from
the Cross & laying it in the new Tomb; the third Altr
represents the Tomb seald & watchd, a group of soldiers asleep
in one corner — a very silent appearance the fourth all
grand displays, the banks of the Tomb which like the fragments
of a falling Rock is scattrd all about the sky black with con-
vulsion, the napkin smooth folded in the holew of the just
vacated Tomb ; Mary Magdalen in the greatest distress searching
for the risen Lord hr soul and an Angel all lowly in a most
attitude bending to the suffering Magdalen & pointing
with his finger to heaven these Life darting words He is not
here but is risen — the whole is finely executed — Notre Dame
a fine Gothic building light & airy, the quire beautifully kept
of fine polishd oak representing the histy of the Virgin from
her Birth thro* her youth, Marriage, Salutation, conception, birth
of the Saviour, flight into Egypt & her Assumption The grand
Altar in white marble represents the taking down the body from
the Cross lying upon the lap of Mary who has resigned grief &
the steady Behold the handmaid of the Lord happily pictured
in hr face, an Angel helps to support the feet of the Lord &
another Angel holds the Crown of Thorns weeping at the sigbt
of the Thorns, there are some fine in the small chapels
& Tombs & Altars
" In the eving went to French play, the next afternoon to the
feize of St. Lomiys
" 23rd went to Paris, saw a fine chapel belonging to the King
very fine painted glass, the royal ornaments and some beautiful
Prayerbooks the impression on leather finely adorn'd.
a 27th went to Paris to the Italian comedy the Indigent a very
elegant house richly gilt and no Pillars
" 30 went to Paris, rode round the Ramparts, a very fine ride,
saw a great many smart carriages; saw the Place Royale, the
Bastile very handsome.
" l§t A[u]g[u]8t walkd to mount Calvary thro* the wood of
Boulogne, very pleasant walk, cross'd the the mount Calvary
adorn'd with Vines, on a very high irregular Mountain, evry step
you gain'd paid with an increasing prospect of the country round.
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LADY'S NOTES OF TRAVEL IN FRANCE. 273
near the summit of the hill the little chapels are placed two &
two with a flight of steps between each in the middle to lead you
to the next ascent where are two chapels more & so on till you
gain the top. the chapels are descriptive of the passion of our
Saviour from his agony in the garden to the crucifixion, all in
wood coloured according to life, on the top of the hill is our Lord
h[an]ging between the two thieves, opposite is the church where
the model of the holy sepulchre is.
" The view from every part of the hill is most charming ; the
river winds in so m[an]y meandring variations, the many Towns
villages intermingld by woods vineyard — hills rendered variable
by monastic spires and church round handsome base & sp
gardens forming a grand assemblage of beauty — in the after-
noon went to St Cloud to the Duke of Orleans, the garden large
& pretty p ked enclosd by cascades of water in varying shapes,
the house magnificent, the gallery highly adornd with beautiful
paintings, four large paintings meet in the vault covered of by
round ones in bronze painted the side - paintings in elegant
frames of the Royal Family & undr on marble stands fine marble
busts of all the roman Emperors & great Senators, the painting of
the roof & the Anti chamber which leads to the gallery are
parishd. the pretty mythology in most delicate colouring and
striking attitude, the prospect from the windows is delightful, of
the rivr, a fine Bridge, Paris, fine rich plain and habitable Hills
each setting off the other.
" St Cloud is a tiny little Town and has a very good appearance
from the Calbarte it is a most charming place & a very beautiful
walk from thence to St. Clad the public road is cut thro' the
gardens in which is a very fine cascade playing thro' Naiades &
serpents & a fallen down steps which has a very good effect & as
a piece of art is much to be admird but I had rather see a natural
stream dripp from a natural rock in its own wild meandering
gushings.
" Agst 6th set off at twelve for Dijon in the diligence with a
gent[lema]n & Lady agreeable in their way ; the ride to Paris was
half an hour, saw a great part of the Town, passd by the King's
hospital a very handsome one & good garden, the first village
Villejuif pretty enough the River in view; then Fromenteau,
Essone and Ponthiery to Chailly in all five leagues and half,
slept there, a very dirty inn & poor accomadition, did not sleep
for the bugs & pd 3 livres pr. head
" Set off the 7th at three in the morning very rainy indeed, the
road to Fontainbleau very fine cut thro' a thick forest thro' which
many roads are cut which form fine Avenues, the Town is only
composd of Inns and the royal Castle a hunting seat which is
built in an irregular stile, there are some fine paintings in it but
we could not stay to view them, so passd on Moret Faussart 8 the
8 Now Fossard.
VOL. XXXIV. S
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274 BXTBACTS FROM A DEVONSHIRE
country finely irregular full of harvest people which cut corn with
a kind of scythe and three forks making one instrument. Woman
as well as men cut corn & it grows very low ; the Road is some-
times very hilly & the ground above quite in pointd Hills coverd
thick with Vines which bore a very promising appearance; the
Rivr continually sh[o]wing itself in a variety of appearances,
sometimes strait even with the road, at othr times elbowing quite
round the lower ground, the prospect render'd strikingly pretty by
the meeting of hills coverd with forest & tre & then a cluster
of village houses nestled at the foot.
"Villeneuve le Roy is sweetly situated & very rural the ride
from thence to Pont sur Yonne where we din'd very pretty indeed
usually clusterd with vines, our Inn pleasantly situated just by
the Bridge & looking upon the rivr but the hills behind bare,
the harvest over, the dinner bad price 36 sous each person ;
after dinner to Sens, stopt to look at the Cathedral, saw the
Dauphin's monument very neat & elegant 4 figures time with
his scythe meeting justice, the dauphin supplicating, two ruins
all expressive figures, another monument of fine black marble
pillars, some very fine marble Altars of inlaid & mixed marble
fine colour. The cathedral a fine Gothic building; from Sens
to Villeneuve Roy,9 Ville Valier to Joigny where we supd ; the
ride to it very much adornd by the windings of the River Soane l
& the pointedness of the Hills & the appearance of the
road, the town of Joigny remarkably pleasant laying on the
side of the Rivr, a fine Bridge with a fine country round it
very good supper at the Inn but dear 40 stfus per head, the sign
of the Inn little Bellview, the Town on the side of a sharp Hill,
two churches in it & the streets run up a steep slope.
" Set off the 7th passd thro* many villges situated rural enough,
din'd at a large Town2 good dinner but always in a bedroom.
The afternoon ride was hilly but not so many vineyards; the
entrance to the Town where we slept very between hills
& planted thick, the Rivr or streams meandering in the lower
ground, a very dirty Inn indeed, no sleep but a good supper.
" Set off the next morning the 8th at 4 o'clock very sleepy, the
morning ride well enough, passd thro* Esnon St. Florentin,
Flogny, Tonnase where we din'd very good dinner, rathr a large
Town pleasantly situated, the afternoon ride by barren hills where
there was Ironmines formerly, high hills, the entrance to Mont-
bard very good behind of Hills we walkd in ; before we
came passd by the house & grounds of the Baffen to whom
great part of the Town belongd ; very good Supper, but no beds,
shockingly dirty so walked up & down all night.
B Villeneuve sur Yonne must be intended.
1 The river Yonne must be intended.
*' There must be some mistake here, as St. Florentin is very near to
Joigny, unless they took the wrong road, and went to Auxerre and slept at
Partigny.
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lady's notes OF TRAVEL IN FRANCE. 275
"Set off the next morning at 5, passed thro' Villeneuve
Chanceuse, din'd very well at a very dirty inn' on a common,
very great variety & very well cookd; the afternoon ride thro*
a continual of mountains running one in anothr all coverd
with forest wood to the top We passd Nova Vale calld the
Val de Luson sweetly romantic circle round & round & round
the Hill thro' a broad road up on the edge of the precipice;
after an hours circuit found ourselves directly over the village
we had left in the bottom; another village higher up the Yale
a winding stream creeping along high mountains before with
jutting rocks bursting from the thick covert thriving in a natural
wilderness ; after this we descended & had a line view of a large
plain with Dyon in lengths whose spires & towers
tilled the space with great grace, enterM Dijon thro' the gate
Guillaume slept all four in a Eoom at the Prince of Condes
Hotel, dind there the 10tb, in the evening took a lodging for
a month at the Hotel d'Angleterre opposite Ste Chapelle
« 14th went to the Academy of Arts and sciences, saw the
busts of all the great men of Dijon and the living geniusses who
sat round the Table. M. Morveau who went up in the Ballon
talk'd upon Chemistry, two or 3 othrs on Natural History &
Poetry. Prince Ferdinand King of Prussia was there, an old
Soldier looking man & the Sturnot Family, went to Vauxhall
in the evening & round Colonade lighted with colourd lamps,
roof with Trees
" 15th saw a grand procession of all the orders in their best
Cloathes carrying the silver Image of the Virgin Mary about the
Town, an annual procession in memory of her delivering them
from their enemies.
"17 took a very pretty walk in the promenade de Fleury.
"18 went to see 3 Churches St John, St. Philip, St Benine
— some good paintings in St. John.
"19 walk'd to Shnove thro' vineyards loaded with fruit; the
valley commands a fine view of the plain surrounded with Hills,
some adornd with villages, others bare & a long ridge of moun-
tainous ground, the plain wanted water & enclosures to make it
look beautiful; came home through clustring vines & standing
peach trees.
" 20 walked to a botanical garden some pretty plants there.
"24 went to the hospital of the holy spirit, very good run
of chamber f 'r infants, neat cradles &c. below chambers for old
People and a School for girls."
s 2
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JOHN SIXTINUS, AECHPKIEST OF HACCOMBE,
SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
BY T. N. BRUSHPIBLD, M.D., F.S.A.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
About three miles from Newton Abbot in an easterly
direction, a hilly road, for the most part well lined with
trees, brings us to the beautifully wooded grounds of
Haccombe House, by an easy gradient leading to the
right, but selecting a steeper one to the left, we descend
to a valley closed-in to the west, where, on the bottom
slope, is situated the home of the Carews, and adjacent
to it, on its eastern side, is seen the little church of the
parish.
At the time of the Domesday Survey the manor of
Haccombe was possessed by Baldwin the Sheriff, and was
held under him by Stefan (de Haccombe), in whose family
it remained many years. Thence it passed by marriage, first
to the L'Ercedekne family, then to the Courtenays, and
ultimately, about the end of the fifteenth century, into the
family of the Carews, who still retain it.
The church belongs to the Early English period, and
consists of a chancel, nave, and north aisle, separated from
the former by four pointed arches. Although of small
size, with a plain exterior and a bell turret, it contains
many interesting monuments of the Haccombe and Carew
families. These, with the fabric itself, have been fully
described by Mr. W. R Crabbe,1 by Dr. Oliver,2 W. H. H.
Kogers,8 and in Lysons* Devonshire (1822), 250, with a
page plate. It is one of three churches in England dedi-
1 Trans. E. D. A. Soc., "Brasses," v. 100, 103, 211-12; vi. 108-9, 116,
121-2, with four illustrations. Church and Monuments, i. N. 8. (1867),
67-78, with four illustrations.
* Ecc Antiq., i. 156-62 ; and Monast. Di. Ex., 286-9.
* Sepulchr. Eff. (1877), 31, 257, and four illustrations.
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JOHN SIXTINUS, ARCHPRIEST OF HACCOMBE. 277
cated to St Blaize, or Blasius, the patron saint of wool-
combers, the others being at Milton, Berks, and St. Blazey,
in Cornwall; one at Bosgrove, Sussex, has a double dedi-
cation to St Mary and St Blasius.
According to the copy of a deed printed at length
in Bishop Grandisson's Register* and headed "Ordinacio
Archipresbiteratus de Haccombe," Sir Stephen de Haccombe
(probably a son or immediate descendant of one of that
name interred in the church, and represented there by a
cross-legged effigy) intended to endow the church as an
archpresbytery, but dying before this could be effected, it
was carried out by his successor, Sir J. Lercedekne, and
received the approval of the Bishop, who issued his Or-
dinance for its foundation in 1337. It provided for the
establishment of six priests, the superior being termed the
archpriest, who, in addition to acting as chantry priests,
were to engage in parochial work, and were required to
live together. The archpresbytery was endowed with the
great tithes of Haccombe and of St Quedike (Quethiock),
in Cornwall, and this endowment yet continues. A full
account of their institution and work is recorded in the
volumes of Dr. Oliver already noted. Excepting as to the
tithes, all this was changed in the troublous times of the
Reformation, and the rector, still designated "the archpriest,"
is the sole relic left of the original establishment It is
stated that the living continues to be regarded as a
apectLliar,,, and as such to possess certain privileges, rem-
nants of the primary foundation.
A continuous list of those who held the living from
1309 to 1826 is given by Dr. Oliver. It may, how-
ever, be stated that the first rector who received the
designation of archpriest was Andrew de Tregors, who was
admitted on March 19th, 1341-2. He was, notes the
Rev. C. Hingeston-Randolph, "the first Archpriest of
Haccombe."6
In the same century that witnessed the extinction of
the Haccombe archpresbytery, or college, John Sixtinus, a
foreigner, and the immediate subject of this paper, held
the position of archpriest. Of his personality little is
known. He is unmentioned in any biographical work, local
or general, and there is considerable doubt as to the
correct spelling of his name, although it usually appears
as Sixtinus; this is probably the Latin form, otherwise it
4 Ed. Hingeston-Randolph, 852-5.
• Ed. Bishop Grand%8907?$ Register, 1333.
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278 JOHN SIXTINUS, ARCHPRIEST OF HACCOMBE.
is recorded as Sixtine, Sextine, Sistun, Systine. He was
certainly one of the leading characters of his period, and
of great learning, otherwise he would not have been the
associate and friend of such men as Colet, Ammonius, More,
Erasmus, and others who flourished at that time. Probably
the circumstance of no work of his having been published
may account for the silence of biographers respecting him.
As, however, he held the living of Haccombe for some years,
he has a claim to be noticed among the notables who have
become Devonians by residence.
It is remarkable that, although we obtain a few particulars
of his personal history from the correspondence of Erasmus
and his friends, the main portion of our knowledge of him
is derived from the contents of his wilL This was printed
(translated) in the Testamenta Vetusta of Sir N. H. Nicolas
(1826), pp. 566-7, from which the following is tran-
scribed : — 6
"John Sixtini. Clerk.
"John Sixtini, Doctor in both Laws, in the parish of
St. George,7 near the Church of St. Paul, London, 24th March
1518(9). My body to be buried in that part of Paul's commonly
called Pardon Church Yard, and I will that my grave be covered
with a marble stone, and a plate of brass on it with this
inscription :
©rate pro attima Joframu jftsthts,
&c. I bequeath one moiety of my estate in Frisia to the poor of
Bolsward, in which my sister is professed, but I will that my
brother Albert shall have one half part of the profits of the
same during his life ; to the reparation of the Church of Egles-
cliffe, in the diocese of Durham, though I had not one penny for
dilapidations from my predecessor the Bishop of Ely xZ. Sterling ;
I will that xxZ. be distributed among the poor inhabitants of the
said parish, for the purchase of tools and other instruments for
their rustic labours, at the discretion of my executors; to the
honour of God and St. Blaze, towards the reparation of the
Church of Hakkamb, in the diocese of Exeter, though I had not
a penny for the dilapidations of the same xvZ.; to be distributed
for exhibitions to poor scholars in the universities of Oxford and
Cambridge xU./ to Cuthbert Tunstall, Master of the Rolls, whom
I make and ordain one of my executors with Albert my brother,
xx marks for his labour.
"Proved 7th May 1519."
6 A precis of it is printed in Dr. Oliver's Monast. Di. Ex., AS. 23.
7 Mr. C. Welch, f.s.a., informs me this must be an error, and the parish
was certainly St. Gregory juzta Ecclesiam Sanoti Paul.
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JOHN SIXTINUS, AECHPRIEST OF HACCOMBE. 279
From this we gather that he was apparently a native of
Friesland, in the north-west of Holland, and of that part of
it (Bolsward, or its vicinity) where his sister was "professed."
Hence he would be termed a Frisian, or, as S. Knight
phonetically spells it, " Phrysian " ;8 and he was called by
Erasmus " Phrysius."* In quoting from Knight's works
Nicolas, in a footnote to Sixtinus' will, erroneously misread
the word, and notes him as "a physician by birth." No
particulars of his birth -year, or of his history prior to
his coming to England, are known, excepting that he
studied in the University of Sienna, where he took the
degree of LLD. The date of his arrival in this country
is uncertain, but was, in all probability, shortly before the
first visit of Erasmus, in which year (1499) they met and
commenced a lifelong friendship, and by their correspond-
ence a new source of information was opened respecting the
history of Sixtinus.
The publication in 1901 of a scholarly work by F. M.
Nichols, on the Epistles of Erasmus, has thrown fresh light
on their dates and chronological order up to the year 1509.
Unfortunately the volume terminates at this date; but it
comprises the period of the greatest value, find fixes the
years of his early correspondence, showing much divergence
from those recorded by other writers.1 The historian J. A.
Froude delivered a series of lectures at Oxford on this
subject in 1893-4, published in a separate form in the
latter year — a charming work to read, but unfortunately
lacking in chronological information.
In 1494, Erasmus, then aged twenty-seven, went to the
College of Montaigu, in Paris, in which city Lord Mount-
joy became his pupil in 1496, who accompanied him to
London in 1499, where his lifelong friendship with Sir T.
More began. Although Colet was in Paris at the same
time as Erasmus, and probably Sixtinus also, they did
not meet there. According to S. L. Lee, it was through
Gaguinus (the French historian) that Colet first heard of
Erasmus; but the two scholars, who became the closest
friends a few years later, failed to meet on this occasion.2
In that year (1499) he commenced his Oxford residence,
and took up his quarters in St. Mary's College (on the
site of the present Frewen Hall), of which Richard Char-
8 Life of Erasmus, (126), 20 ; also in his Life of Dean Colet.
9 Letters, etc, of Henry VIII, J. S. Brewer, ii., 1163.
1 On this subject see some pregnant remarks by Nichols, Ixiii.-lxxiii.
3 D. N. B., article "Colet/'
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280 JOHN SIXTINUS, ARCHPRIKST OF HACCOMBE.
nock was the prior. John Colet, the future dean of St.
Paul's Cathedral, was at that time delivering a course
of lectures in the University, and at the recommendation
of a friend (Broome) he wrote a letter of welcome to
Erasmus, having been informed by Charnock "that in
his judgment" he was "a singularly good man."8 From
this date their intimacy began. In October of the same
year Sixtinus, who was studying at Oxford, addressed the
following letter to Erasmus, the first of a series that
extended to within a few months of the former's death,
and the beginning of an equally long friendship. The
opening lines show that both belonged to the same college,
and the knowledge of this, joined to the fact of their being
fellow-countrymen, may have acted as additional stimuli to
the penning of this first letter : —
" Joannes Sixtinus to Erasmus.
" Our kind Master, Prior Charnock, has shown me to-day some
poetry of yours running in no common or trivial strain, which,
if it had been composed with much labour, would still in my
judgment not have deserved to be placed in the lowest rank.
Bat when we hear that it was unlaboured and written off-hand,
what reader of your verses that has any taste will not assign you
a place with those ancient and highest bards ? They possess the
charm of an Attic Venus, and reveal the marvellous sweetness of
your genius. Proceed therefore I beseech you, my Erasmus, and
wake those delightful Muses of yours, so that all may learn from
you and those like you, — what has before appeared incredible, —
that the German wits are in nothing inferior to those of Italy.
Farewell, most accomplished of bards.
"(Oxford, October, 1499.) "4
This " was accompanied by a short poem in elegiac metre
addressed to Erasmus, in the last line of which the writer
proposes, if his verses are acceptable, to follow them up
with a personal visit"6
The poetry which occasioned this first communication
was, according to Knight,6 entitled "Pe Casa Nataiitia
pueri Jesu," and was written in compliment to the House
of Jesus, as the College of St. Mary was termed; but
Nichols affirms that it had been printed at Paris not long
before, and was probably included in a copy of printed
poems, presented to him by Charnock.7
* Nichols, 205. « Ibid., 209-10. • IbuL, 210.
• Life of Erasmus, 218.
7 A transcript of the " Verses of Erasmus, in Compliment to the College
of the Virgin Mary at Oxford where he sojourned," is printed in Knighrs
work, Appx. No. 5, xvi-xviii.
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JOHN SIXTINUS, ARCHPBIEST OF HACCOMBE. 281
He replied in a long letter to Sixtinus on the twenty-
eighth of the same month, in which, after depreciating his
own poetical efforts, he thus praises the latter : —
"To make the world understand that German wits are not
inferior to those of Italy, that is a thing, Sixtinus, for you, or
nobody, to do, — you whom Friesland, that fertile parent of noble
intellects, that Africa always teeming with fresh marvels, has
produced, it seems, as a sort of Hannibal to contest with Rome
the chieftainship of learning. . . . Your poem appeared to me
to have just that merit which you attributed to mine. It pleased
Prior Charnock as much as you are dear. Believe me also,
Sixtinus, that you are dear to me. Farewell."8
One of the most extraordinary and interesting letters
written by Erasmus that have been preserved, is one he
addressed to Sixtinus in the same year as the foregoing.
To the address of the latter at that time no clue is given,
although Froude states that he was in Paris, but without
mentioning his authority. It contains an account of a
dinner-party of divines (Froude terms it "a symposium")
that took place most probably at St. Mary's College, at which
Charnock, Colet, and many others were present, among whom
he had hoped Sixtinus would have been one. After praising
the good cheer as well as the table-talk, he goes on to
relate, umany subjects gave rise to discussion, but upon
one point [on the offence of Cain] there was a vehement
conflict of opinion." He then continues —
" at last, when the dispute had continued rather long, and become
more serious and solemn than was suitable to a banquet, I thought
it time to take up my role of poet, and cheer the dinner with
a more lively story, which might have the effect of breaking up
the discussion."
He professed to have read in an ancient manuscript a story
on the subject in dispute, which he related in a long,
poetical, and elaborate commentary on Cain's fault and its
effects, and concluded his epistle thus : —
" This, Sixtinus, was the story that was told over our cups, and
which had its birth among them and out of them, if you please.
I have chosen to relate it to you, first, that I might have some-
thing to write, as I owed you a letter, and next, that you might
not be altogether excluded from so dainty a banquet. Farewell."9
An abridged transcript of this letter is given in Froude's
volume (pp. 38-40), and is the sole occasion of that writer
8 Nichols, 211-12. • ifetf., 215-19.
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282 JOHN SIXTINUS, AKCHPRIBST OF HACCOMBE.
mentioning the name of Sixtinus. Had this been the only
communication between these two men, all others having
been lost, it would be a sufficient testimony of the intimate
friendship thiat existed between them.
Erasmus left England in 1500, and we now pass on to
consider some other incidents in the history of Sixtinus.
John Arundell was translated from the see of Lichfield
and Coventry to that of Exeter on June 29th, 1502, and
died on March 15th, 1503-4. Of him Dr. Oliver records —
"The important office of registrar he committed to a polite
scholar, John Sixtinus, a Doctor of Laws of the University of
Sienna, who, in the prologue to the ' Acts ' of his episcopacy,
commends his patron for 'reflecting honour on his ancient and
illustrious pedigree, by his excellent learning and distinguished
virtues.'"1
The present Bishop's Registrar, Mr. A. Burch, kindly
informs the writer that, although the Eegister contains no
record of the appointment of Sixtinus to the office mentioned,
there can be no doubt that he held it, as appears by the
prologue referred to by Dr. Oliver, and confirmed by the
following heading in the Register: "Prologue Jo: Sixtini
in Acta Domini sui Memorati." The same volume also
contains an entry that on October 6th, 1502, Bishop Arun-
dell conferred a prebend or portion in the parochial church
of St. Probus on Master " John Syxtin." This church " and
the rectorial estate. . . . belonged to a college of canons,"
and consisted of " a dean and five prebendaries." In 1312,
Bishop Stapeldon assigned to each of them " certain glebes
and portions of tithes,"2 so that Sixtinus, as one of these
prebends, would derive a certain amount of income from
this source ; and this office he held to the day of his death,
when it was conferred by Bishop Veysey, April 1st, 1520,
on Roger Elys.8
It is singular that we possess no authentic account of the
period of his admission to the two ecclesiastical livings,
Haccombe and Eaglescliffe, which he undoubtedly held, and
which, as his will proves, he retained for the rest of his
life. According to Dr. Oliver's list of the archpriests of
Haccombe, John Drake was admitted on November 14th,
1479, but when he died or resigned is not stated. He was
succeeded by Sixtinus, but the year of his admission is
1 Bishops of Exeter, 116.
2 Lysons* Cornwall, 278.
* Dr. Oliver, Monast. Di. Ex., 287.
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JOHN SIXTINUS, ARCHPRIEST OF HACCOMBB. 283
unrecorded. He was followed by John Powne on May 19th
(May 18th in the Register), 1519, "on the death of
Sixtinus."4 A re-examination of the Bishops' Registers,
kindly made by Mr. A. Burch, serves to corroborate all the
particulars (save one of an unimportant date) noted by
the doctor, but without supplying any of the missing links.
The present rector, or arcbpriest, the Rev. W. Richard
Villiers, has been good enough to examine the parochial
records for the writer, without, however, being able to add
anything material to the foregoing account, except that, from
some private notes in his possession, he believes Sir John
Carew to have been the patron of Sixtinus. It might
reasonably be thought that he obtained the living through
the instrumentality of Bishop Arundell, who had befriended
him so much in other ways; but as the bishop died in
1504, it is open to doubt, especially as we learn from Wood
that at Oxford on November 29th, 1510, Sixtinus was "in-
corporated, having been more than a year in this university.
He was afterwards dignified in the church of England."6
Accepting this statement as being literally correct, he must
have been admitted to the Haccombe living about the year
1511, during the episcopate of Bishop Oldham.
With respect to the rectory of Eaglescliffe, co. Durham
(probably a corruption of Eglescliffe, from Eglws, Egloa, a
church), the present rector informs the writer that the name
of Sixtinus is absent from the Bishop's Register of that
diocese ; but as, according to his will, he succeeded Dr. West,
Bishop of Ely, in that living, and as the latter became
possessed of the see on October 5th, 1515, we may reasonably
assume that the admission of Sixtinus took place in the
same year.
We will now revert to Erasmus, who left England in
1500, and have at once to remark, that comparatively little
of his correspondence has been preserved prior to the year
1511. This was due to two causes, the first being the
absolute loss of a considerable portion ; and, secondly, that,
excepting in the case of some of the more important letters,
he was not careful to preserve them, especially those of early
date. Their better preservation, in and after 1511, was, in
the opinion of Mr. Nichols, mainly due to his correspondence
with Ammonius, which commenced in the previous year
(the earliest letter is dated April 27th, 1510 — Nichols assigns
it to 1511 — written by Erasmus to him from Paris). Andreas
4 Monast. Di. Ex., 287. ° Fasti, ed. Bliss, v. 31.
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284 JOHN SIXTINUS, ARCHPRIBST OF HACCOMBE.
Ammonius was a man of great literary eminence. Born in
Lucca, he came to England early in the sixteenth century,
and soon became the friend of Erasmus, Sixtinus, and their
great literary circle. He was Latin and Italian Secretary to
Henry VIIL, at whose order he wrote a poem on the Battle
of Flodden Field. He was apostolic notary and collector
for the Pope, and Brewer remarks that no one " was better
acquainted . . . with the proceedings between this country
and Rome."6 "From this time (1511) we may perhaps
assume that he [Erasmus] habitually kept a letter-book, in
which he caused the most interesting and scholarly of the
epistles of his correspondents to be entered with his own."7
Those of his letters that have been preserved between 1500
and 1511 show that he had not altogether forgotten his
former friends in England ; e.g. in one to Colet, written from
Paris in 1505, he notes, "I should like to know what has
happened to our Sixtinus, and what your devoted ally Prior
Richard Charnock is about."8 Many letters passed between
him and Ammonius in 1511, and in one from Cambridge,
dated December 2nd in that year, he writes: "Is to tell
Sixtinus Erasmus was much pleased with his letter"; and
in the latter's reply, three days later from London, he
remarks: "Will see Sixtinus and Mountjoy."9 One from
Sixtinus to Erasmus on November 20th, 1512, appears at
length in the latter work, and is so interesting as to be
transcribed here in full : —
" N° 3535. 1512. Nov. 20. Joan Sixtinus to Erasmus.
"Is pleased with the sharp humour of his letters, although,
he suffers from them. The assertion of Thalaeus that the copy
of his Gopia [Erasmi Adagia] was lent only to be restored to
Erasmus, would anger any one. Was certain he gave it ; as
such copies as were not sold he distributed to friends, to Allen,
to Shirley, to the writer. Had no time to read it then, as he
was much engaged in his law studies at Rome; — and therefore
he never spoke of it, as he knew not so much as the title of the
book. Begs he may be acquitted of all suspicion of dishonesty.
Their friend the Dean [Colet] is much delighted at the prospect
of Erasmus' visit and has ready for him on his arrival 40 crowns (?),
unless he send them to Cambridge before. Would he had come :
'Essentque vini non epistolares inter nos sermones.' Laments
that among the many letters of Erasmus none had come for him,
and that he had only been remembered at the close of his letters
« Preface to Reign of Henry VIII. (1884), i. ix.
7 Nichols, xxiv. 8 Ibid., 378.
9 Letters, etc, Reign 0/ Henry Fill., ed. J. S. Brewer, i. (1862), 308-9.
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JOHN SIXTINUS, ARCHPRIEST OF HACCOMBE. 285
to others. Has been late in this reply because the letters of
Erasmus dated on the Nativity of St. Simon and St J. [28 Oct.]
did not reach him until 15 KL Dec. London." (i. 442.)
There can be little doubt of the year 1512 being correct,
although in Le Clerc's Urasmi Opera Omnia (1703) it is
noted as 1497, in which year neither Erasmus nor Sixtinus
was in England, and the former was unknown to Colet.
Moreover, the De Copia was not published until a later date,
Erasmus was not in Cambridge for some years after 1497,
and Colet was not appointed Dean of St. Paul's until 1505,
On September 1st, 1513, Erasmus informs Ammonius,
" Sixtinus is gone to Brabant."1 In that year Wood reports
that Sixtinus " was reckoned one of the foreigners, who were
excused from paying a subsidy to the king. . . . Peter,
Carmelian, Polyd, Virgil, Erasm. Eoterodamus, Andr. Am-
monius, &c. who were beneficed and dignified in the church,
were excused also."2
Erasmus spent the greater part of the next three years on
the Continent, and few letters from him to his English
friends appear to have been sent, or at least have been pre-
served. But in 1516 the correspondence was more actively
renewed, and we possess three letters of Sixtinus of that
year. The first addressed to Erasmus runs thus : —
44 N° 2094. 1516. June 26. John Sixtinus to Erasmus.
" Was happy at seeing the One-eyed, who brought him news
of the return of Erasmus. Is sorry to hear of his sickness,
though Peter tells him it is but slight. Is employed in law cases
as usual: 'molestas illas quidem sed tamen ab quaes turn minus
graves.' Is glad Erasmus has met the Bishop of Chieti and the
Chancellor [Tunstall] who has lately been made Master of the
Rolls. Wishes well to his country, but feels more deeply attached
to England. London."*
In the second, dated August 12th, sent to Peter ^Egidius,
he remarks, "Would not let Erasmus return without a letter.
Erasmus considers that it will not be necessary for the
writer to go to Flanders."4 " Peter" of these two letters
was Peter Gillis, of Antwerp, who edited a collection of
Erasmus9 letters published in that year.6 The third, a com-
plaining one to Erasmus, dated October 18th, states: "Is
much grieved that Erasmus has forgotten him and sent him
no letters. Has he expunged him from the lists of his
friends after so many favors ? "6 Only one other letter from
1 Letters, etc, I 964. a Fasti, vi. 81. s Letters, etc., ii. 631.
4 Ibid., i 698. 6 Nichols, lxxiil-lxxiv. • Letters, etc., i. 766.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
286 JOHN SIXTINUS, ARCHPRIEST OF HACCOMBE.
him to Erasmus is known, but it is of importance, and, like
all those of the previous year, was sent from London : —
"N° 3603. 1517. Aug. 19. John Sixtinus to Erasmus.
" His news will give pain to Erasmus. Their friend Ammonius,
who died of the sweating sickness was buried this day. They
had agreed to go into the country together, and the Prior of
Merton had sent them horses for the purpose, when Ammonius
was carried off, to the grief of every one. Knows nothing of
Erasmus' affair. Three days before he died he dined with
Sixtinus in high spirits, and made use of the writer's services
for some business he had on hand, inviting him to come the next
day. But before Sixtinus could get out of bed and dress himself
news came of his death. 'Tarn sunt fragiles, caducae ac fluxn
res human©.' London."7
This was the third visitation of the sweating sickness in
England, the previous ones having occurred in 1485 and
1508.8 We may well suppose Erasmus would send a letter
of condolence on the loss of their mutual friend, yet none
has been found; but one received from him, written on
September 8th, is worded in a very business-like strain : —
"Begs that Peter Vannes may collect and send him all the
correspondence which passed between Erasmus and Ammonius,
or give it Sixtinus to send. Has not seen his brother [Albert].
The climate agrees with Erasmus, and he could make his fortune
if he would embark in politics ; but he sees troubles ahead, and
does not deem it safe. Antwerp."9
Peter Vannes was Ammonius' nephew, and Erasmus was
desirous to obtain through him all of his correspondence to
embody in a collection of his letters for publication.
Erasmus wrote to More on March 8th, 1517, and requested
him " to urge Sixtinus to fulfil his promise to the bearer.**
On September 16th of that year, and on February 22nd
and April 23rd of the following one, he addressed letters
to Sixtinus, which call for no special remark. The last in
which the latter is mentioned is one from ^Lgidius to
Erasmus on June 19th, 1518, noting: "Has heard from
Sixtinus, but not from More." Three of these letters were
from Antwerp and the others from Louvain.
Sixtinus died in London early in 1519, some time between
March 24th, the day he signed his will, and May 7th, when
* Letters, etc., ii. 1148.
8 Of its great prevalence and fatality throughout the country vide
C. Orbiohton's Epidemics in Britain (1891), 245-50.
9 Letters, etc. , ii. 1159.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
JOHN SIXTINUS, AKCHPRIBST OF HACCOMBB. 287
it was proved. His desire to be interred in Pardon Church
Yard, or Haugh, as it was termed, was no doubt carried
into effect. For several centuries this had been a favourite
place of burial, and it occupied a site on the north side of
St. Paul's Cathedral, to the east of the Bishop's Palace.
On it stood a chapel, founded in the reign of Stephen by
Gilbert Becket (father of the celebrated Archbishop), who
was buried there. This "Chapel was environed with a
large and goodly Cloyster, wherein were buried sundry
Persoos, some of Worship, and some of Honour. . . . and
whose Monuments in Number and curious Workmanship
passed all other that were in the Cathedral itself. ... On
the Walls thereof was richly pourtrayed the Dance of
Death."1 The destruction of both Chapel and Cloister
commenced in 1549, to furnish materials for the erection
of the Protector Somerset's palace (Stow, Annates (1631),
596). Whatever buildings remained were destroyed in the
Great Fire of 1666.
The cause of his death is unknown. Knight attributes
the deaths of both Dean Colet and of Sixtinus to the
sweating sickness.2 But this is more than doubtful, as
that visitation was limited to the year 1517. The former,
according to his memoir in the D. N. B., died of dropsy.
The latter may have been carried off by an attack of the
plague, which followed the epidemic of 1517, as his death
was sudden, and Erasmus remarked "he was of so strong
a constitution that, without a violent shock of sickness,
he might have lived to the age of Nestor."8
The foregoing extracts from the correspondence of Erasmus
and others, however slender the foundation may appear to
be, assist to throw some light on the character and career
of the Frisian lawyer, John Sixtinus. They are sufficient
to bear testimony to the recognition of his talents, and the
esteem in which he was held by that marvellous coterie of
eminent ecclesiastical scholars who heralded the dawn of
the Eeformation. The intimate friend whose attainments
Erasmus could, of his own personal knowledge, depict in
the following words, hafc no right to be altogether for-
gotten:— 4
1 Dugdale, History of St. PauVs Cathedral (1716), 138-4.
1 Life of Erasmus, 214. s J. Joktin, Life of Erasmus (1808), i. 11.
4 Quoted from an Epistle to Jod. Gaverura from Erasmus in Wood's
Fasti, V. j. 81. Thus Englished in Jortin's Life of Erasmus, L 11 : "He
had a masterly wit, a quick apprehension, and a tenacious memory ; and
that, besides the knowledge of canon and civil law, he was happily con-
versant in every other part of learning."
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
288 JOHN SIXTINUS, ARCHPRIEST OF HACCOMBE.
" Ingenium erat ad omnia versatile, memoria promta, tenaxque,
Praeter juris utriusque scientiam, quam habebat loco viatici, in
nulla disciplina non feliciter veraatus."
A few words are necessary to explain the absence of any
allusion, direct or indirect, throughout the correspondence, to
the various ecclesiastical appointments he held. It has been
already pointed out that neither the Bishops' Registers nor
the parochial records yield an atom of information on the
subject; and our principal knowledge that he had and
retained possession of the Haccombe and Eaglescliffe livings,
is derived from the contents of his will, wherein, not without
a note of complaint in each instance, he left a sum for the
reparation of each church Through influential friends —
and he had many — these livings were conferred on him as
a modus vivendi, and made him a moderate pluralist.
He was brought up as a lawyer. He became a Doctor of
Canon and Civil Law, and from the time of his arrival in
England, after acting as Registrar of Bishop Arundell, he
practised in the ecclesiastical courts, probably spent the
greater part of his time in London in their vicinity, and
at the time of his death was residing in St. Gregory's parish,
almost under the shadow of St. Paul's.
The two distinct professions of ecclesiastic and lawyer
were frequently combined for centuries prior to the Re-
formation. Tunstall, one of the executors of Sixtinus, was
at the death of the latter Master of the Rolls, while three
years afterwards he became Bishop of London.
The visits of Sixtinus to Haccombe Church were probably
few and far between, but his continued absence from his
duties as archpriest could scarcely have been felt, seeing that
five priests remained to carry out the chantry services and
the parish work. Dr. Oliver was of opinion that Haccombe
was formerly "more populous than at present,"6 owing to the
number of clergy located there, but beyond his suggestion
there is neither tradition nor evidence that this was the
case.
All that is known of the life-history of John Sixtinus
is recorded here, and although the details are meagre, the
writer thought that it would be of interest to relate this
curious foreign episode in the list of rectors, or archpriests,
of a small parish in Devonshire.
• Ecc AnUq.y I 150.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIII.,
AND "TESTA DE NEVILL" TAX EOLL, VOL XXX,
WITH COKEECTIONS.
BY REV. T. W. WHALB, M.A.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1901.)
Mr. Reichbl's paper of last year, "Domesday Identifica-
tions," took me by surprise, as a kind of second and cor-
rected edition of my "Domesday Analysis," and has
hurried somewhat the following list of corrections referred
to (vol. xxix. p. 224). It will be seen that a great many
were indirectly corrected in the T.N. paper of vol. xxx.,
notified at p. 205. We differed long since as to some of
them; e.g. No. 72, Hamistona, as Broad Hempston, and so
identified by Pole, Risdon, Feudal Aids, etc., is, I submit,
correct. It was in the hand of the King among the
escheated comital lands. Then in the Red Book, p. 262,
carta of Earl Reginald (say 14 Hen. II.), Ralph de Bore-
hard holds 2 fees. Next in the Pipe Rolls (1 Ric. I.)
comes, "Hemmestona, the land of Ralph de Boisroharde,"
in the King's hand. Then 4 Joh. (p. 162, Red Book), "Adam
de Port de Wallia, 2 fees" (he was a brother-in-law of
Wm. de Braosa). Then (p. 162), 5 Joh., "Wm de Borhard
2 fees Mortain." Next, 12 Joh. (p. 559 last year's Transac-
tions), Hon. Gloucester in Devon, "Wm de Bosco Roardi,
2 fees held of Mortain." Pass on to Testa de Nevill,
Nos. 960, 1278: Hemestone, held by Wm de Cantilupo,
2 fees Mortain "nescitur utrum de Rege, vel de Comite
Cornubie." Next note particularly the Testa de Nevill
entry for Cornwall (19 Hen. III.), p. 201: "Wm de Borard
34f/4d for 2 fees 178/2d each." Evidently for 2 small fees,
but the entry is not in the usual form, and may perhaps
not record a payment. Next (p. 318, Feudal Aids), these
2 fees de Mortein are held of Milisent de Mbnte Alto,
a successor of Cantilupe, directly of the King. Then,
vol. xxxiv. T
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
290 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIII.
A.D. 1303 (B. 155), John de Cantelo, 2 fees de Mortein ; but
in 1346 (Feudal Aids, p. 391) John West holds Hemston
Cantilupe for ^ of an ordinary fee of the hon. of Laun-
ceston. The Inq. p.m. 28 Ed. I., A.D. 1300, proves that it
had been held of Edmund Earl of Cornwall ; afterwards by
the Prince of Wales. On the other hand Hempston Bubba
(D. 316, TJf. 1300) was in socage of the same castle of
Launceston, as also afterwards among Earl Edmund's
lioldings. In 1337 (Bishop Grandisson, p. 1,316) the Prior
and Convent of Stodleghe, Warwickshire, were patrons of
the church of Broad Hempston, and perhaps held much of
the manor. The church of Little Hempston passed to
Canonsleigh. It seems to follow that D. 72 was given to
King John when Earl of Gloucester, and then became a fee
of the Earl of Cornwall. The two Testa de Nevill entries
seem to make de Bosco Eoardi an alias for de Cantilupe,
and I think Broad Hempston is a corruption of Hempston
Borard. On the other hand, Little Hempston (D. 316)
always belonged to the hon. Mortain. The above alias
may perhaps be explained away, but the following deriva-
tion of Borard seems clear. Boscastle is a corruption of
Bottreaux Castle. Now de Bottreaux Castle will read " de
bosco rue warda," or " de bois ru harde," i.e. bosrohard, ab-
breviated borard.
The entry W. 142 placed in the Domesday hundred of
Loecota needs very formal protest. No such hundred was
known to Domesday. Fremygton appears as a villa in the
hundred of Fremygton, A.D. 1316 (F.A. p. 375), but is not
found in T.N. or any of the fee lists, and no doubt was held
in demesne; very likely went with Taustok (T.N. 1368),
We may regard it in post- Domesday times as a free manor,
i.e. free of the Hundred Court, and such were often called
hundreds. Thus in the Montacute chartulary (D. 272) Lega,
i.e. Monkleigh, which had passed to Montacute, is called a
hundred (grant of Hen. I., p. 120, vol. viii Somt. Records).
CORRECTIONS TO "DOMESDAY" ANALYSIS.
T.N. = Testa de Nevill.
7. This is Blakewell, Marwood ; for Rob. de ponte cardonis held it
(427) as part of the manor of Bractona ; it became a separate
manor, " defendebat se."
21. i hide should be £ virgate; Tudhayes (Lysons, 131 ; Bronescombe,
475).
29. Colebroc and Wembiri (Oliver, 135).
34. King's Tamerton is in St. Budeaux.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
CORRECTIONS TO "DOMESDAY" ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIII. 291
37. Items of Listona 1J v. short Probably these are Laniliner and
Trebichen.
38. Laniliner and Trebichen are in Cornwall.
The Earl of Mortain, f. 261? has a manor called Landiner
which queen Eddida held ; in it is 1 virgate which gelded for
1 ferling, and there are 2 plough lands. Aflain, f. 1816, 4
manors are taken from the Abbot of Tauustock ; now Earl of
Moriton holds them injuste, viz. Boietona, Elent, Trebicen,
Treuuant. Now the Abbot claims them.
39. Items of Tauetona H virg. short. These are Patford, 977 ; Taue-
lande, 1057 ; Escapeleia, 978.
50. Probably not assessed. The 1J virg. short is 930, Polham, and
this was assessed.
51, 99. (High Bickinton and ?) Bichenlia=Atherington belonged to
the manor of Umberleigh (Lysons, p. 18).
54. Nimeta may be Frodeton or Freynstone, Geo. Nympton.
57. Clistona 1 h. short. Probably 1027, Colum ; 1028, Iueleia.
61. Erase " Rowlstone, Heavitree."
77. Add "held by Abbot of Battle."
88. For Mabill write Mahitt. f. 1116 has more correctly Mathildis.
91. Included Bulworthy, now in the parish of Alverdiscott ; and
Callethorn, alias Doldethorn, probably a part of Bulworthy
(see Inq. p.m. John Wibbery, 1 Hen. VI. p. 72).
94 For the 1 virgate, see No. 776.
97. Lapford, Lyu, and Haliwell were 5 fees of hon. of Gloucester
(24 Ed. I. 133).
98. The other lands of Queen Matilda were formerly held by Bristric ;
this is named after Qluuard, and it should be noted that
Bristric and Uluuard held jointly Buckland St. Mary in
Somerset, f. 490. Hadolf the tenant was most likely Aduuolph
(or Edulph, Risdon, 353), Bishop of Crediton, who died a.d.
1054. It is noteworthy that the Exchequer Domesday ignores
Hadolf, perhaps because Church holders held in capue. The
name Oluuardesdon looks like Welverdon of ancient demesne
(Risdon, 18).
Referring to Association vol. viii. p. 351, Eadgar the King in
the year 974 gave Nymed to his thegn uElfhere, and it is there
suggested that Brihtric the priest may have been his de-
scendant. Now Brihtric the priest gave Copulaston to the
Canons of Crediton. Hence it is probable that Oluuardeston
was a parcel of Copleston, which means the ton of the Chapel.
100. The Bishop of Exeter bought Morchard (Pipe Rolls 12 Hen. II.).
119. Included Bickington.
128. Included North Russell. T.N. 74.
133. Hamsworthy, Pancrasweek. T.N. 735.
134. Included Neweland. T.N. 77.
137. Welcombe was part of Stoke St. Nectan. T.N. 357.
145. Should be Tapeley, Westleigh. T.N. 50.
154. +3 lands of 3 thanes. The meaning is that the T.R.E. Duna
was the original manor ; to it were added 3 thane lands, their
tax to be claimed at Duna. They probably included Crake-
weye, TJN. 7 ; lncledene, T.N 10.
t 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
292 CORRECTIONS TO "DOMBSDAY" ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIII.
159. Included Pippacot, T.N. 14.
164. Killington, Martinhoe, hundred of Scireuella. T.N. 25.
165. Bradiford, Pilton.
1676. To be erased. The Terr® Occupata entry 1233, f. 500, has
written Aileuescota by mistake for Aluerdescota, or rather
Aileuescota is Aylescoth. T.N., 912, an alias for Aluerdescota,
180. Probably Mr. Reichel is right in taking this as Sloley, Shirwell;
but note the spelling of 206.
196. Included Heazille, hundred of Sulfertona. T.N. 70.
201, 202. The entries are confused. Clearly Terra Occupatae, f. 506
(itself only entered on revision), in copying 201 did not add
Cridia to Morceta. I still think (Association voL xxviii.
p. 396) the Morceta entry is meant to be obliterated, and
yet the Exchequer copy retains it. 201. Cridia, 1 virgate;
and 676 in Creaa 1 ferl. waste or moor : make up the 1 virg.
1 ferl. of Morceta. I think in Oreda is represented by Moor-
acre, Upton Hellions N.W. of Haske, though it is certainly
remarkable that Haske and Rolleston, Morcnard Bishop, were
both held by Sir Ric. Hankford, 9 Hen. VI.
209. Included Chatmere alias Chapner. T.N. 57.
208. Hundred of Tuuuertona.
211. Afterwards held of John fitz Richard in socage of the honor of
Gunnardeston, in Cornwall. T.N. 1163.
Rinestanedona, i.e. the rine stone down, and rine becomes
line in T.N., pointing to the locality of Marshdown, Thel-
bridge. Does not this mean the down of the stone circle
or tumulus ?
222. 1366. erase put.
233. William Hostiarius held Raddon of the Abbey ; it was a thane
land, 500. The Abbey did not own it, T.R.E., and later
on it is not found among the Abbey holdings ; see Colliscombe,
Thorverton (Westcote, 130), the part which passed to Polsloe.
Win. Hostiarius also held 1061 in capite ; very likely he
joined these to form East Raddon. In like manner the
Earl of Mortain may have joined 306 and 804 to form West
Raddon, held in chief of Earl Richard, his son Edmund, and
later on of Edward Prince of Wales.
Lord Wm. Martin (19 Ed. II. p. 329) died holding the
Mandeville fees of West Raddon as a caput, T.N. 840 ; and
with it as fees East Raddon and Asheford. 1 fee ; Pynnecote
(in Shobrook), £ fee ; Downe and Bromwell (in Shobrook), A
lee ; Sweynthill and Botiston, 1 fee. Lord Audlegh afterwards
held them. Walter de Bathon's representatives (4 Ed. I. p. 57)
must have held under him.
242. Should be Limet, i.e. Nymph Hayes, Zeal Monachorum.
245. The Abbey of Buckfast had a farm in Widdecombe in the Moor.
Is Haiserstona represented by Sherberton Common in Widde-
combe, N.W. of Spitchwick ?
246. Probably Ash in South Brent. It is noteworthy that in the
Exchequer copy the Aissas, Nos. 40, 96, 130, 241, 246, 644>
have all a like marginal mark against them.
256. For Golcombe write part of Seaton (voL xxxii. p. 531).
261. Is Braunton Dean.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
CORRECTIONS TO " DOMESDAY " ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIII. 293
264. Should be in Colitona.
274, 278, 506. See vol. xxxii. p. 531. Frithelstock included a virgate
of Bulkworthy concealed by Rob. fitz Ivo.
281. Mr. Reichel suggests Wedfield, West Putford.
283. Hela represents T.N. 907, 909 (see note). There are 3 Heles
in Buckland Brewer, and there is West Hele in Littleham.
These very likely made up the Bere of F.A. p. 210 ; either
Bearah, Hele and Henbury Castle in Bucklana Brewer ; or
Bury Farm in Petrockstowe, may have been called Hele
Secheville, it adjoins Heanton Sacheville.
2856. Alscot. T.N. 912. Is not taken from 285, but was one of its
component parts, T.R.E., and is not noticed in the Exchequer
copy. Turning to T.N. 911, 912, 913, we have Aluredescothe,
Aylescothe, and Were to represent 285, 2856, and 9186.
Association vol. xxxiii p. 152, notes a farm in Bideford adjoin-
ing Littleham called Aleuuardescot. There is also a Wear in
Bideford west of Bulworthy. The parish of Alverdiscott is
commonly known as Alscott But B. 691, 692, 693, places
T.N. 911, 912, 913, in the hundred of Fremington, and so ex-
cludes the above. The maps seem to be at fault Wear put
in Bideford in Greenwood's map, 1827, corresponds to Weach
Barton in Westleigh in the new Ordnance, seemingly Wear
Barton, 8406, 9186, T.N. 91&
289. The two homagers of Ordulf were 109, 110, Haustona and
Botintona, perhaps the third was Stowford.
291. Dunston, Clay hanger (vol xxxii. p. 553).
292. Petton, Bampton. T.N. 963.
294. Red Book, p. 162. Fee of Torneburia J fee, honor Mortein.
T.N. 957—^ fee — requires explanation.
299. Comombe better written Curscombe.
303. Erase Broadridge.
306. The King, I take it, took West Raddon, and gave | fee to Mande-
ville, T.N. 840 j and J fee to honor of Tonton, T.N. 134,
Furse (see F.A. p. 426) ; also Raddon 1 fee honor Launceston
(28 Ed. 1. p. 156).
310. More likely Rookbeare, Stockleigh English, which will bear the
additional area ; or Rookbeare, Fremington.
326. Venn, Ugborough. T.N. 934.
327. Bradeforda is not to be found in the maps, perhaps Bittaford.
328. Dunaton should be Dinnaton.
336. Included Salcombe. T.N. 946.
337. For Spriddcumb write Comb.
339. Probably Ley and Penson, North Huish, hundred of Alleriga
(see 2 Ric. II. p. 14).
344. This part of Hareston (probably Higher Hareston) is assessed in
Cornwall as Areston, Asseton, Hasten (F.A. pp. 200, 206, 212,
235) ; held of Reginald de Ferers, honor of Trematon (28 Ed. I.
p. 160) ; omitted m T.N.
345. Winston, Brixton (not found in T.N.\ B. 348.
349. Wtikyridge should be Withyhtdge.
352. For We$t write East.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
294 COKRECTIONS TO " DOMESDAY " ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIII.
363. Included Hayes Barton and Hayes Wood. T.N. 366.
373. The components, 434-437 TJf.. make Brook, Sampford Cour-
tenay, probable. Lechebrook and Durneford are coupled
together for 1 fee (1 Ric. II. p. 2), and went to Chudleigh;
but Cary got Bradford and Lecehebrook. F.A. 468.
383. Corbynston alias Corston, Broadwood Kelly— Speke fees— TJf.
461.
392. Included Stockey and Hele, fees of Alan fitz Reginald. F. p. 238.
399. For Bowlandsleigh write Leigh. T.N. 387.
400. Erase Cherybear, DoUon; perhaps Beret N. Tawton.
402. For Bow write Clannaborough. T.N. 393.
408. The Otelin holdings— 376, 408, 439, 461, 471, 472, 474, 631—
became Hydon fees of the honor of Okehampton, of which
only 408 is of the hundred of Northtawton, and seemingly
included T.N. 386, Burdenileston ; T.N. 378, La Heghe;
T.N. 379, Pertricheswall.
409. Add J of this is added to Tauetona.
430. Included Turnham. T.N. 526.
436. Laierda=La Hierda=La Yard, perhaps B. 735.
444. In hundred of Brantona. T.N. 425.
Esnidleia is really Esuidleia. and this mistake is followed in
T.N.
461. Erase Bolhay, which probably was a very small manor in the
parish of Blackborough ; became a chantry. Oliver, 476.
453. Most likely Kentelisbeare Aire, J fee— Furneaux fees, thence to
Matthew de Esse. F. p. 238.
454. Perhaps Strathculme, Silverton, Rogo fees. F. p. 232.
455. Rogo fees, T.N. 516, B. 1081, perhaps Moorland, Silverton.
462. Ringmore, alias St. Nicholas. T.N. 484.
473. Roleston Barton, Heavitree. T.N. 476.
475. Hayne, Whitstone. T.N. 499.
477. i.e. Higher Rocombe. T.N. 479.
482. Mr. Reichel tells me is Hoopern.
486. Upcott, Rockbeare. T.N. 558. ) Rainer holdings, afterwards
487. Marsh Green, Rockbeare. T.N. 669.) Langford fees.
490. Westcote, Whitstone. T.N. 498.
491. Erase Marsh Green.
501. The name Welisedinga evidently existed as Wilshedinee in 1565
(Association vol. xxxiii. p^ 181) ; dinch means newly broken
land ; very likely this is Willdown, west of Witheridge, a fee
of the manor of Witheridge, T.N. 570, alienated from the honor
of Okehampton.
613. East Chevithorne, Tiverton. T.N. 523.
624. For StutHscombe write Stedcombe. T.N. 472.
526. For Axeministra write Axemuda. T.N. 468.
548. Added part is Fernhill, Clawton.
654. Should be Barton Ho, Ipplepen. T.N. 890.
556. In Little Hempston. T.N. 889.
558, 562. Collaton Shiphay, St. Mary Church, was given by
Beatrix de Vallibus, wile of Win. Briwere, and daughter of
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
CORKBCTIONS TO " DOMESDAY " ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIII. 295
Reginald Earl of Cornwall, to the Abbey of Torre, and no doubt
had belonged to the Mortain estates, 312. Most likely 568,
562 were parts of Coleton Brixham. B 137, Egid. de Fyssacre
and others.
565. For South Milton write West Alvington. T.N. 897.
669. West Portsmouth, Malborough. T.N. 191.
584. South AUington, Chivelstone. T.N. 194.
697. Alias Yadsworthy. T.N. 885.
608. Coleridge Barton, Egg Buckland. T.N. 176.
613. Gratton alias Gropeton. T.N. 179.
615. Kitley. T.N. 155.
624. Probably Wixenford, Plymstock. T.N. 156, 869.
635. Very likely Elford's Leigh, but it is not in the fee lists, and may
have gone to Plimton Priory.
636. Is in Plymton St Mary. T.N. 858.
640. Probably Lederforde, Shebbear, which passed to Dunkeswell
Abbey (Hen. III. p. 36) from the monks of Forde.
643. Aluuin's-land-gavele, i.e. in socage ; very likely Affaland, Clawton,
which was (35 Hen. VI. p. 277) "ut de manerio Clawton."
656. May be Stone Down, South Molton. B. 822.
672. Danescoma. T.N. 757 is a difficulty. Fen Canons (Risdon (7))
is a very large tithing in Budeleia ; if this be in the north
part of Sandford a shifting of the hundred has taken place,
and the like may be said in referring Danescoma to the tithing
of Ridge. But Dunscombe in Cheriton Fitzpaine is a very
small place.
673. Very likely Eastabrook, Upton Hellions.
676. Mooracre, Upton Hellions.
684. Erase Three gates Hunsham; Bella Marsh, etc. T.N. 766, 767 ;
hundred Taintona.
690. Alias Alton.
697. Pole, Slapton (Lysons, p. 452).
700, 703. These are more likely in the manor of Berrynarbor, the only
entry in the T.N. hundred of Brantona for the honor of
Bampton, probably Hole and Lee.
705. Dipford, Shillingford, Bampton. T.N. 126.
711. Erase Sowton. T.N. 835.
712. Afterwards in socage to the Templars. T.N. 1159.
717, 721. Probably 717 is Combe Raleigh, because Ludo held it, who
also held Ternock, f. 351, Somerset Held of Johanna de
Bonevill in 1303. See Feudal Aids, pp. 319, 366, 429, 489.
Otercombe alias Uppeotery.
724. Most likely Oddicombe, Sherford.
730. Erase Foss> etc., insert Hangman's Hill, Combmartin.
733. Alias Barrow alias Burrow, East Worlington, Hundred of Witric
735. Part of East Worlington.
7356. Should be erased. The Occupatse entry, 1254, is to show that
Olurintona consisted of 2 thane lands, each b ferl.
736. T.N. 1164, in demesne, a tenement in Bradford Tracy.
746. Dippeforda ; North Harbourneford, South Brent T.N. 339.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
296 CORRECTIONS TO "DOMESDAY" ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIIL
751. Erase alias Maunislegh.
756. Buckland, Dolton. T.N. 94.
768. Beare, Rowedon, and Grenedon {F.A. p. 344) passed to the
Prior of Barnstaple, and probablywere held in alms ; they lie
adjacent to one another north of Witheridge.
784. Wolfs Nymet T.N 223.
785. Bradford, Down St. Mary. T.N. 224.
808. Craze Loman, Tiverton. T.N. 289.
810. Marley, Uploman. T.N. 286.
811. Combe, Uploman. T.N. 285.
833. Erase North Huish. T.N. 294.
834. For West AUington write Loddiswell.
837. For Hethestaple write Instaple. T.N 801.
842. Erase Netherton. The scribe turned over two leaves and after-
wards went back.
845. For Brantona write ScireueUa. T.N 790.
851. For Bickworthy, Linton, write Badgworthy, Brendan. T.N. 792.
852. Radworthy, North Molton, hund. of Sut Moltona. T.N. 1583.
865. Coombe, Puddington. T.N. 779.
869. Bamson, Puddington, hundred of Witric. T.N 779.
870. Erase Alfresworth. T.N. 1160.
872. Erase Witric— Wipton, Heavitree, hundred of Wenfort
882. Erase Little.
888. Included Blinsam, Beaford.
890. For Bickington read Fremington. T.N 93.
896. For WUcombe Charles read Over Wollacombe, Morthoe. T.N. 122.
898. Molland Sarazen. T.N 133.
906. Why not Reston, Cheldon ? T.N. 97.
9076. Add the part in Widworthy.
910. For Thornbury write Milton Damarel.
916. Reddicliffe, German's Week. T.N. 604.
9186. Probably the £ virgate concealed in Leia, 840, 1332; Wear
Barton, Westleigh. T.N. 913.
926. Erase Week, Peter's Merlana\ Lebbear, Shebbear. T.N. 616.
933. Broadridge Poughill. T.N. 724.
936. Yealmpstone is in Plymton St. Mary. T.N 642.
940. Possibly Wooley Common adjoining the road, which passed to
Barnstaple Priory. Bad = road ; eowde=a fold for cattle.
9416. For Brightlycott write CoxUy.
954. LaForde. T.N.IW. (Mohun, 7 Ed. L 66.) Probably from Alice
Brewer.
95a Very likely Bottle Hill joined to Hemerdon. T.N 641.
965. For Bradford write Milton DamareL T.N. 594.
972. For Bendley write Beenleigh. T.N HZ.
977. Probably Pecketsford near Greenalade (see 409). ft of Greenslade
went to S. Tawton. See Mohun (7 Ed. I. 66), PickforcL
978. Chappie Qidleigh, hundred of S. Tawton, but part of Coleton or
Collerew which contained Walland Chapel; Throwleigh is
more likely.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
CORRECTIONS TO " DOMESDAY " ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIII. 297
981. Whitsleigh, St Giles ; Stevenstone, St. Giles. T.N. 254, 265.
985, 986, 987, 989. Limiseio holdings of the honor of Braynes.
Dona included part of West Down. T.N. 846, B. 725.
Radehida included Shaftsborough. T.N. 785, 786.
987. Hyfc in Anglo-Saxon means coast
995. Coleton alias Collerew, Chagford part.
1005. West Exe, Tiverton.
1006. Little Washfield. T.N. 1162.
1011. Higher Besly, Holcombe Bogus, T.N. 283.
1017. Hele, Petrockstow. T.N. 614.
1020. Erase Bridgreeve, Ashreigny, write Mikon, Coleridge. T.N. 563.
1028. Eveleigh is not to be found in Broad Clist ; it certainly was
held of Lancaster ; now Risdon (p. 17) registers Cumeroy
Hamlet, Broad Clist? as of Lancaster, so Eveleigh is probably
Comberoy Farms, alias Cummings and Cromley, near Column
John. Eveleigh and Columb John formed 1 fee of Lancaster.
So my note 669 T.N. is wrong.
1030. Erase Down. T.N. 655.
1035. Erase uncultivated. Probably part of Columb John.
1037. Should be Lower Rocombe, Stoke in Teignhead. T.N. 632.
1041. Read + 1 virg. + 1 ferl.
1051. Lounston and Liverton. T.N. 722.
1053. Leigh Barton, Loxbeare. T.N. 664.
1057. Cocktree,, S. Tawton, B. 466, including perhaps North week.
Possibly 1059. Mohun (7 Ed. I. 66), Kaitrey ; and Nutcote,
alias Nunchote, alias Nettecote, i.e. Northcote, probably
changed to Northweek when acquired by Week. Should be
hundred of Tauetona.
1058. For Down St. Mary write North Tawton. T.N. 562.
1062. Boobery, Sampford Peverell.
1069. Hundred of Mertona ; Week, Petersmarland.
1071c. Coulsworthy, Abbots Bickington. T.N. 955.
1079. Farley, Merton.
10816. p. 1174 Association Copy — for Merta write Mertus.
Arson, Ashreigny.
1082. This may be Nimet Bowe=»Choldasshe and Hermeston ; omitted
in T.N. F.A. p. 422 ; B. 503, 504 ; Nymet Tracy, fees of
Martin, 19 Ed. II.
1085. Perhaps in Morchard Bishop.
1094. Odam Barton, Romansleigh. T.N. 305.
1096. Uggaton, Payhembury.
1097. Codeford, Payhembury.
1099. St. James', Exeter.
1100, 1101. Knightston, Morchard Bishop. F.A. p. 337. Vol. xxxii.
p. 538. Hundred of Chridiatona.
1102. T.N. 127 (see note) ; B. 1146. Hundred of Tuuuertona— part
of the Calverleigh fee. F.A. p. 319.
1107. Shipley, South Brent. T.N. 1371, 1467. 33 Hen. III. 67, p. 7.
1108. Hundred of Taintona, Manaton. T.N. 769.
1110. Included Simpson and Tornewton.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
298 CORRECTIONS TO " DOMESDAY " ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIIL
1115. Doddrook, East Portlemouth; and Holset, East Portlemouth.
T.N. 543, 544, 545.
1116. Perhaps part of Dunston, Yealmton was in Holbeton.
1118. Little Dunsford. T.N. All.
1119. Ashford PevereU. T.N. 721. Ash Farm, Kenton.
1129. Lovaton Bastard, Meavy. T.N. 681.
11296. Brisworthy and Cadover.
1137. Perhaps Fernhill, Broad wood wiger.
1139. Cox well, Exbourne. T.N. 690.
1142. Should be Hele Poer, hundred of Mertona. T.N. 613.
1146. Add BlackavAon. T.N. 716.
1147. Alias Grimpston Leigh, Woodleigh ; belonged to Morleigh,
hundred of Dippeforda.
1148. Borough, T.N. 674, alias Kilbury, passed to Buckfast. Crea-
comb is in Newton Ferrers.
1153. Included Warleigh.
1156. For to write in.
1263. This entry is instructive. The holdings of the wife of Hervy
are lost, but 1201 proves their former existence. Esseorda is
seemingly a mistake for Essetona, and the addition to Sulf ertona
does not appear at 10. However, an entry of F. p. 76, hundred
of Harrige, shows that Welleber (T.N. 655. B. 40, 1095} was
held by John de Hakeworthy of Bob. Hillion; so, I take it,
this i ferl. is Welleber ; and, moreover, that this is Welsbere
Barton, Poughill, and belonged to the manor of Silverton.
12736. This must be 816, Aisa, added to the land of Bristric, hundred
of Hasbertona.
1338 is an omitted entry. 499.
The following corrections to hundreds in the Terr. Occup. list
should be made :— 1165, 1193, Tauetona; 1168, Listona ; 1219, Baden-
tona; 1223, Brantona ; 1233, Framintona; 1243, Witric; 1272, Tain-
tona; 1273, Hasbertona; 1286, Culintona.
Obviously many fees were in after times concealed. Some
were brought to light by the relief rolls, and their
holders charged with them {F.A. pp. 438-41). Many of
these were fees of Earl Eeginald, or connected with out-
county honors. Eeginald Ferers was thus charged with
20 fees (F.A. p. 403). A great difficulty in these
corrections arose from assuming that the T.N. fee lists
contained all the Devon fees of the honor of Trematon.
At p. 261, Eed Book, Ealph de Vautort holds of Earl
Eeginald in Devon and Cornwall 59 fees. In the T.N[
Collectors' accounts for Cornwall Eeginald de Valletort
renders an account for £69 3& 4d.t but pays only
£48 3s. 10d., for 59 fees; inferentially the balance was
due from Devon.
Now take the T.N. hundred of Erminthon (Alleriga).
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIIL 299
No. 1308, the Trematon part of Lupridge, D. 332, B. 273,
is not in the fee lists; nor No. 1311, Bigbury and
Hougheton, D. 321, B. 277, 278 ; nor No. 1312, Holewill
and Nottedon in Bigbury, D. 321, B. 279; nor No. 1313,
Cumb, Bigbury, D. 320, B. 280-5. These should come in
T.N. fees between 919 and 920. Again, in hundred of
Plimton, i of Hareston, D. 344, B. 340, K. 427, F.A.
p. 334 (the other half D. 343 is T.N. 945, B. 345); nor
Spridelston and Fenne, or Forsen, Brixton, D. 346, B. 351,
352, K. 435, 436. These should come after T.N. 944.
In the hundred of Buddelegh we find Stockleigh English,
No. 1172, but not in the fee lists.
But apart from Trematon fees — Clifford Corbyn and
Halstow, D. 1033, 1034; B. 67, 68, are not to be found in
the fee list of the honor of Plimton ; nor Ashton, D. 1133,
B. 84; and others. These are noted in the B. paper of
vol. xxxi. On the other hand, Stayne, T.N. 404, seems to
be omitted in the T.N. hundred of Witric after No. 1114.
Sutton and Upcot, T.N. 951, 952, are omitted in the T.N.
hundred of Buddelegh after No. 1172. Tatscombe, D. 287,
is omitted in the T.N. fee list, but found in the F. copy
of the hundred of Brantona.
The following is a sketch list of holdings given to the
Church, mostly after the time of Domesday. It will help
to explain the absence of many Domesday manors from the
fee lists, being granted in alms. But in many cases only
parts of a manor were granted. The hundred rolls of
TJT. which still exist contain these grants, but most of
them are lost.
Barnstaple Bridge Chantry. 769, part of Queen Dart
Barnstaple (Priory of St. Mary Magdalene). 35, Barnstaple ; 134,
Kimworthy, Bradworthy ; 152, Pilland ; 153, Pilton ; 163, Pats-
hole, Kentisbury ; 165, Bradiford, Pilton; 173, Nethercott,
Braunton ; 174, Bread wick, Kentisbury ; 422, Heanton Punch-
ardon ; 768, Beare, Rowedon, and Grenedon ; 940, Wolley Down.
Advowsons of churches of Barnstaple and Tawstock.
Bath Priory. Church of Uffculme.
Barnstaple (St. Mary the Virgin), PUton. 156, Raleigh, Pilton ; 680,
Highleigh St. Mary. Tithes of Pilton. Churches : Ashford, Pilton.
Battle Abbey (St. Nicholas). 4, Eenbury, Exminster ; 61, Monkerton,
Pinhoe ; 77, Sherford ; 264, Collumpton. T.N. 1342, Bradham.
T.N. 1351, Bewley, Cadbury. Churches : Affeton, Bramford
Speke, Butterleigh, Cadbury, Collumpton, Pinhoe, St. Olave's
(Exeter), Poughill.
Berlinch. 56, Morebath ; 1063, Marianslegh, and their churches.
Bishop of Exeter. 100, Morcbard.
Dean and Chapter. T.N. 1352, Thorverton.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
300 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIIL
Bishop of Wells. 101, Church of Holcombe BurnelL
Bodmin Priory. Churches of Hollacombe, Newton St. Petrock.
Bristol (St. Augustin). Lands at Halberton, Child Loman, and Tiverton.
Church of Halberton.
Buckfast. 530, 747, Englebourne, Harberton ; 574, Polston, 8. Brent ;
Kilbury, 1148. Churches : Churstowe, Down St. Mary, Trusham,
Zeal-Monachorom, Buckfastleigh.
Buckland Monachorum. 32, Walkhampton ; 959, Buckland Monachorum,
and their churches ; B. 1093, Collumpton and hundred.
Cannington (Prioress of). 967, Goodleigh. Church of Witheridge.
Oanonsleigh. 39, Allingeston, S. Tawton ; 316, part of Little Hempeton;
491, Rockbeare Court Manor ; 706, Hockford ; 711, Dunsford ;
809, Kidwell, Uploman ; 812, Childloman ; 818, Whitnage, Up-
loman; 819, Boehills, Burlescombe ; 823, West Leigh, Burles-
combe ; 825, Netherton, Farway. Churches : Rockbeare, Dunsford,
Hockworthy, Burlescombe, Little Hempston.
Canons Minor of Exeter. 68, Church of Woodbury.
CarsweU Priory (a cell to Montacute). 992, Carswell, Broad Hembury.
Cleeve Abbey. 5, Braunton Abbas ; 177, Wallover, Challacombe.
Covnck Priory. 456, Cowick, St. Thomas, Exwick, St. Thomas ; 478,
Christow. Churches : Whimple, Spreyton, Okehampton, Chris-
tow, Meeth, St. Thomas ; Chapel of St. Mary, Sticklepath.
Dunkeswell. 70, Colaton Raleigh ; 276, Buckland Brewer ; 436, Lin-
combe and Higher Worcumbe, Ilfracombe ; 441, Middle Marwood ;
450, Sainthill, Kentisbeare ; 471, Bolham, Clyst Hidon ; 488, Dodi-
ton Abbas; 658, Sheldon; 663, J of Weringston, Buckerell ; 664,
Dunkeswell ; 669, Clyst Wick, Clyst St. George ; 708, Heckpen,
Uffculme ; 720, Combe Mohun, Luppit ; 765, Broadhembury
(gift of Wm. of Thoriton) ; 799, 800, Collyhayes, Awliscombe,
Bywood, Dunkeswell ; 867, Raplinghayes ; 824, Leonard, Burles-
combe ; Lederford in Shebbear, Escote sive Hega (Charter Rolls) ;
1096, 1097, Uggaton, Payhembury, with tenement of Codeford.
Churches : Awlescomb, Doditon, Old Dunkeswell, Sheldon.
St. Dogmael. 743, Rattery, and Church.
Ford Abbey. 660, 661, Tale, Payhembury; 850, Linton, including
Furshill ; 856, Colebrook, Collumpton. Churches : Thorncombe,
Payhembury.
Frithelstock Priory. 274, Frithelstock ; 357, Nywelham in Godescot,
Bratton Clovelly ; 884, 885, Southole and Milford, Hartland.
Churches : Broad wood Wiger, Germans Week, Frithelstock.
Goldclive Priory. Membury West 14.
Hartland. 45, part of Hartland ; 47, Abbot's Hill and part of War-
ham, Beaford; 406, Abbotsham, Brushford ; 980, Stoke St.
Nectan, Hartland. Churches : Fremington, Knowstone, Molland,
Woolfardisworthy, Brushford.
Heighes (Prebend of). 440, Ash Clist ; 481, Cutton, Poltimore ; 482,
Hoopern ; 492, Clyst Moys, Broad Clist.
Horton (Abbot of). To Abbey of Sherborne. Churches: Abbots
Kerswell, Seaton.
Hospitallers. 541, Moor, Broad wood wiger ; 653, B rend on. Churches :
Brendon, Halwill, Clayhanger.
St. James1, Exeter. 200, Creely, Farringdon.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" ANALYSIS, VOL. XXVIII. 301
Lodres Priory. 22, Axmouth. Churches : Rousdon, Axmouth.
Merton. Churches : Clyst St. George ; Ashcombe ; 8t. Laurence,
Exeter ; Berry Pomeroy.
Modbury Priory. 1 ferL in Fenton and Bradeford. F.A., p. 379.
Church of Moabury, Manor of Penaquit, Ermington.
Montacute Priory. 273, Monkleigh ; 280, Frizenham, Little Torring-
ton ; 464, Monk Culme, Silverton ; 455, Moorland, Silverton ;
Paddocksborough, Collumpton ; Bernardesmore ; Wetenesland.
Churches : Holcombe Rogus, Monkleigh.
Newnham Abbey. 14, Axminster. Church of Luppit.
Plimton. 23, Halswill, La Clyve, Swyneston ; 29, Colebroc and Wem-
biri ; 31, Boringdon ; 105, Newton St. Cyres ; 78, £ of Wrington ;
219, Langage, Plimton St. Mary ; 323, Lutton, Cornwood ; 357,
Land in Godscote ; 535, West Raddon, Marystowe ; 539, Little
Sidenham ; 590, Worthele ; 598, Lambside ; 604, Hamme, Weston
Peverell, St Andrew's, Plymouth ; 605, Burrington, Weston
Peverell ; 614, West Sherford ; 616, Kitley, Yealmton ; 619, Down
Thomas, Wembury ; 617, Brixton English ; 621, 624, $ of Staddon
and Walford; 625, Holland; 626, 627, Langdon ; 631, 632,
Shaugh ; 636, $ of Higher Woodford ; 742, Dean Prior ; 743,
Wallaford ; 935, Todewill and Combe, Aveton Giffard ; 936, Fenn,
Yealmton ; 937, Hemerdon ; 826, Farway ; 908, Lamerton ; 976,
Widey ; 991, Lambert ; 1007, Priorton ; 1108, Leyne, Manaton ;
1125, Nether Blackworthy ; 1126, Efford ; 1129, Codaford and
Bris worthy; 1154. Blackeston ; 1155, Shortridge. Churches:
Stoke-in-Teignheaa, Maker, Ugborough, Dean Prior, Bratton
Clovelly, Dean Prior, Plymouth, St. Martin of Marystowe,
Newton St Cyres, Exminster, Tamerton Foliot, Egg Buckland,
Brixton, Wembury, Plymstock, Sanford Spiney, Buttockside
(St. Budeaux), Chapel of Thrusheltou, St. Peter and St. Paul
(Plimton), Blakawton.
PoUoe. 21, Tudhayes, Colyton ; 77, Sherford ; 220, Polsloe ; 311,
737, Densham, Woolfardisworthy ; 736, T.N. 1154, part of Brad-
ford, Witheridge ; Sigdon and Lidston, Bucklana Toutsaints ;
Heathfield, Loddiswell ; Coxpitt, Payhembury ; T.N. 373,
Boystock, Withecombe Raleigh. Churches : Aylesbeare, Bud-
leigh, Holbeton, Withecombe Raleigh.
Qmrera. 216, Farwood ; 1067, Sutton Lucy, Widworthy.
TavittorJe. 961, Ottery, Cullicomb and Willestreu, Lamerton. Church :
Virginstow.
Taunton. 773, Willand. Churches : Clannaborough, Willand.
Templars. 204, North Combe ; 207, South Combe, templeton ; 728,
Clayhanger.
Tewkesbury. 259, Losbere ; 1090, Medland, Cheriton Bishop.
Totnes St Mary. 689, Follaton, Totnes, Garston, land in Brixham and
Ashpryngton. Churches : Ashprington, Totnes, Brixham, Chittle-
hampton, Broad Clyst.
Torre. 24, Blackawton ; 68, Grindell, Woodbury ; 237, Coffinswell ;
291, Dunston, Clavhanger ; 440, Ash Clist ; 618, Wool borough ;
726, Tunstall ; 1065, Tormohun ; 1066, Ilesham, Torquay ; 560,
Kingswear, Brixham, Lidewicheston, B. (134) ; 312, Collaton
Shi^iay, St. Mary Church ; 109 B. Flode ; 115 B. Holrigge ;
116 B. Daccombe ; 841, Lower Shillingford. Churches: Town-
stall, Buckland Brewer, Bradworthy, Hennock, Shebbear.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
302 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILH"
Index Number.
Index Number.
Testa de
Testad*
Place Name.
Domesday.
NeviU.
Place Name.
Domn&ay.
NevilL
Acha
377
—
T Alfelinestone
936
—
/ Achia
\Hach
762
—
\Alfame8coth
JAlforda .
—
642
—
115
870
Addeberia.
675
773
\Hakeford .
—
1160
Adoneboui
218
88
Alfreincoma
. 437
421
Aecclesia Se. Ma
trie 123
1304
Alintona .
. 584
194
( Aeidestan .
\ Yaldestane
866
—
Alintone .
. 1132
1257
—
820
Allewrth .
—
1493
Aexeniinistra .
2
1446
( Almerescota
. 752
—
Afetona .
690
968
1 Almereston
—
132
( Ailauesfort
\ Alenesford
218
—
fAlra.
184
—
91
1 Svdaure
—
34
Ailesberga
489
561
fAlra.
993
348
f Ailesuescota
167
—
< Awe.
—
1350
1 Aylyvtcoth
—
6
\ Haure
—
1486
j Ainechesdona .
1004
—
/Alra.
761
1 Ilstinton .
—
706
1 Aure.
114
J Ainechesdona
. 1002
—
fAlra.
. 1054
( Aylekesdon
—
705
\Aure
—
700
Aisbertona
103
207-14
Alraforda
522
( Aiscireuuilla
\ Shireuill .
418
—
Alnetheston
— 882,1320
—
426
Alricheston
—
268
( Aiseforda
} Asford
419
—
I Alseministra
14
956
—
412
)
T1357
\ Aiseforda
) Esford .
821
—
j Axeministra
—
{ 1442
—
278
(
(1488
Aissa
40
—
Alseministra
880
804
Aissav .
96
216
Alsemuda .
22
Aissa
%
130
38
(1S59
Aisa
^
816
271
Aluintona .
27
{ 1455
Aissa
..g
241
—
(1491
Aissa
1
246
1339
Aluuinetona
272
906
Aissa
. 497
408
Alueredescota
. 285
911
Aissa^
644 740, 1646
/ Aluuinestona
\Peateton .
292
—
Aissecoma
. 649
966
—
963
Aiseforda
. 419
412
Aluuinestone
. 571
185
( Aleslant
\Haleylond
. 1076
—
Aluuynelancauele 643
—
—
245
Ambrere* .
—
1362
Aleburn
, 118
1267
Anethon .
—
1310
( Alf erdintona
\Auwrington
. 748
—
fAnestiga .
\Anestye
. 189
—
—
360
—
37
Alfardesdune
355
503
Anestiga .
. 352
919
Alfarde8Worth
. 836
798
Anestinga.
. 351
—
Alfintona .
62
1447
( Anestinga .
( Anestye
. 431
—
Affinton .
27
1491
—
428
Alfetv
n
—
568
Apleaora
. 402
393
Digitized by Vj.OOQIC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL." 303
Place Name.
Asaberga . *
/ Essemundehorde
\ Atmundesuurth
Assacota .
/ Aasileia .
\Eslegh
Atteworth
Auetone .
Auetona .
Aufinton .
/ Aulescoma
\Godeforde .
Aulescoma
SAulescumb
Orescoma .
Aureforde .
Ratdona .
Aure8cumbe
Aurra
IAusa
Westapee .
A ur allies .
{Aykenewod
Aylmewode
Aylesbere .
Aylescothe
Aylington
Babbecvmb
Bachedona
Bacheleford
Bacheinora
Bachestane
Bacetesberia
Baddekesworthy
Badentona
Badestana
Baeutona .
Bagathora
f Beldrendilant
\Baldrington(W.
BcUdringtona
Baldrintona
Barnes tapla
Batesilla .
Bedendona
(Bauerdona
Beuford
Bechatona
Bukington.
Bediforda .
Begatora .
Index dumber.
TutacU
Domesday.
895
3S4
060
540
645
935
24
353
489
285
584
684
565
1145
623
1121
1148
24
336
704
1040
141
147
35
360
187
47
NtvilL
541
875
738
670
714
— 1455
858 —
g!2
869 810
— 763
665 —
535 879
535 —
— 1645
453 —
505 —
— 411
/1476
\1502
— 1183
356
/ 561
\1202
912
194
768
897
695
861
575
127
946
627
43
3
612
1047 —
— 1348
91 241
413
Place Name.
Begeurda
Beflestan
Beneadona
Benleia
Bera.
Bera .
Bera.
Bera .
Bera.
Bere .
Bere.
Bere .
Bere .
Beri .
Beria
C Byri .
< Hurtesberia
(Bery.
Berghe
Burghe
Berkeleg
( Berlescoma
\ Bordltscumb
Berna
Bernarde8mora
Beruintona
{Betunia .
Twyntya .
Bicatona .
Bicheberia
Bichecoma
Bicheforda
Bikecote .
Bicheleia .
Bichelia .
Bicheneleia
Bichenelia
Bichentona
( Bicheordin
\ Bykeworth ,
Bikketoth
' Biheda
Behille
' Bittedene
Bedendona
* Billardeston
LoUardesdana
Birige
/Birlanda .
\Bere.
Biuda
Blacaberga
Index Number.
Ttsta di
Dowumioy. NtvilL
943 606
368 442
511
972 713
159 14
400
733
825
350
388
689
104
701
203
939
1209
1581
1299
823
— 1651
— 198
— 195
— 1397
795 —
— 275
544 874
455 —
232 —
1109 —
979
321 |
970
1111
536
958
297
99
51
701
omitted
1311
672
641
873
215
215
/ 792
\1570
1040
277
277
— 13
187 —
— 220
788 —
260 —
350 —
819
820
800
659
761
Digitized by VjOOQlC
304 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL.W
Index Number.
Index 1
Tamber.
Testa de
Tntad*
Place Name.
Domesday.
NeviU.
Place Name.
Domttday.
NeviU.
Blacaburga
. 1062
/ 854
\1609
/ Bolehorda
1 Boleworth .
; 1102
242
Blacagrana
948
573
/ Bolewis .
652
—
Blacheurde
, 1125
676
\ Molehyuuisse
Bolte8beria
—
772
Blacheberia
. 451
—
334
947
Blakebergh
70
726
Bomine .
. 1072
—
Blakedon .
546
142
Bonevileston
—
399
Blakedune .
—
535
Borcv/mb .
—
749
( Blacheorda
597
—
Borna
. 1029
656
I (Uuer) blaches
Bosleia
359
—
( uurthe .
—
885
Boterlege .
—
1489
Blakworth
. 1105
577
Bothemescwmb
—
1159
Blacapola
53
850
Botesforda
956
—
Blachestac
687
Botintona
110
788
Blacheuuilla
|427
416
Botreforda
Botreforda
592
593
168
168
Blachestane
. 1154
694
rBoui.
, 218
—
BlaJcetoriton
41
fl362
{ 1462
I Parva Bouuy
. —
( 88
\1453
US50
Bouy
—
90
Blythmesham
—
120
/Bom.
\ Northbuuy
. 553
—
Bochelan .
139
44
—
892
Bochelanda
. 181
17
Boy 8 .
742
337
/ Bochelanda
\Est bokland
182
17
Boystok
71
/ 373
\1429
Bochelanda
190
—
Bractona .
427
—
Bochelanda
276
948
Bractona .
5
—
Bochelanda
335
896
Bradeforda
23
933
/ Bochelanda
\ Ethe-bocland
600
. —
Bradeforda
327
933
—
682
f Bradeforda
\Bradelegh .
542
—
Bochelanda
876
814
—
165
Bochelanda
959
—
Bradeforda
874
780
/ Bochelanda
\ WodemanesUm
829
—
Bradeforda ,
, 736
1154
—
299
Bradeford .
—
824
Bochelanda
828
300
Bradefort .
374
433
Bochelanda
1050
696
Bradefort .
650
—
/ Bochelant
\ West Boclaundc
. 426
) —
424
Bradeham.
. —
/1213
\1342
Bochelant
. 846
782
Bradeleia .
576
899
Bochelant
847
783
Bradaleia .
208
65
Bocchelanda
756
94
Bradeleia .
212
—
BochiyuuiB
883
132
( Bradeleia .
} Bredeleghe .
/Bradeleia .
576
—
Bodeleia .
12
/1341
\1345
1052
899
Boeurda .
159
—
\Est Bradelegh
—
105
/ Bouelia .
947
—
i Bradehoda
379
—
1 BogeUge .
/ Boleneia .
1351
\ Brawode .
—
450
148
—
Bradenesa
864
—
1 Bonelegh .
—
60
Bradestana
36
651
i Boteberia .
333
—
/ Braderig .
\Pochehilla
—
724
\Boltebyre .
—
367
933
—
Boleham .
1064
—
| Bradenimete .
( Limei
—
393
Boleham .
471
530
401
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEYILL."
305
Place Name.
Bradeuilla
( Bradeuuoda
\ Brawod .
{Braia
Hautebray
TBrai.
\ Estebray .
{Braia
Wedbray .
iSudbray .
Braia
Parva Bray
Branchescoma
Brandona .
Branford .
Branfort .
{Branfortuna
Branford .
{Braunford
Brenfort .
Brantona .
Bratona .
Bratona .
C Brauordina
I Braworthy.
Bredefort .
f Bredelia .
\ Braylegh .
f Breduica .
Bridewyk .
Bremelcoma
Bremerige
f Brenfort .
\ Rollandeston
Brenta
Brenta
Brenton .
VOL. XXXIV.
Index Number.
Tutadt
\
Donutday.
986
536
Nevill.
845
—
164
158
—
—
31
172
—
—
32
.084
848
—
849
1084 —
— 29
124
653
801
195
480
5
'159
261
v433
;io9
110
[288
357
645
478
764
174
982
183
473
251
| 252
2
310
/261
\262
71
475
918
501
/ 745
\1576
- i
112
22
1575
33
476
1260
719
Place Name.
f Bretricestan
1 Hyndhon .
\Brightene$ton
Brideforda
iBridestou .
Byrightestowe
Brige
Bruge Ruardi
Brigeforda
Brigeforda
Brigeforda
Briseham .
Brixharn, .
Brisestona
Brigston .
' Brisestona
Brighton .
Brisforda .
Brigeford .
Bristanestona
Brigtemston
i Bristeleshorda
^Brigktenesuuorih
I Bristrichestona
[Brigtricheston
Brochelanda
( Brodehambury
\ Hanberia
Brokhille
Bromehulle
Brungar8tona
Brunardeston
Bruneston
iBuchesurda
Bulkeworih
Bucheside
Buddekeshid
i Bulfestra .
\ Buf estre .
Boledune .
{Burdenileston
Limet
Burgh
f Buretona .
\ Buredune
Buridon .
Buriestescoma
Buterleia .
Buteporth
Byestedone
( Bykanthon
\Picaltona .
Index Number.
Tvtads
Domaday. NtviU.
117
— 1209
— 669
552 —
360 —
— 507
909 —
— 590
381
272
1297
149
863
563
446
743
865
748
1485
201
/1476
\1501
88
959
1265
950
689
1260
491
385
784
458
647
1489
— 1121
— 147
— 93
889 —
406
407
783
560
617
618
1020
382
1071
622
765
57
218
278
1152
248
483
408
605
162
1086
U
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
306 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
Index Number.
Index Number.
Testa d*
Testa d*
Place Name.
Dcmuday.
Nevill.
Place Name.
Dotrutday.
Nevill
(Byri
\ Hurtesberia
—
823
( Cheletona
580
—
. 701
—
1 CKcrlecwmh
/ 697
\1282
Cacheberga
376
453
Cadabiria .
946
/ 853
\1604
Chatemere
( GhideUiampton .
\ Citremetona
57
238
Gadebire .
398
1087
—
Cadelia
! 1060
Chenne8ton
—
375
Cadelia .
. 857
_ _
Chemeuuorda
134
76
Cadewila .
809
Cheueletona
588
902
Cagefort .
. 995
T Cheneoltona
164
—
( Cctichurch .
\Witestan .
497
1 Kynewauthan .
—
26
. 475
f Chenighedona
696
—
Calodelia .
1106
__
\Kynedon .
—
778
Oalueleia .
396
Chenistetona
. 120
—
f Oappelcote
\ Kuppingescoth
1626
1126
( Chenleia .
\ Kelly
364
/509
\510
832
( Cannes
\Charue8
Carseuilla
424
992
427
1350
/Chenuestan
\Gnuston .
Chenuestan
709
710
( 353
Chenutdestana
1100
Carsewilla
18
1 1364
Chenutdestana
1101
Carsforda
360
j 1394
(1459
507
/ Ghent
\Ken
Chentesbera
411
450
1447
517
Carsuella .
. 254
1303
Chentesbera
452
517
Kary
—
308
Chentesberia
428
422
(Gary
\Kari
—
871
Chentona .
49
__
538
—
Chereforda
250
Camnton .
Cattesheghe
Cedelintona
! 76
884
520
Cherletona
Cherletona
14
300
/ 364
\1415
524
( Celdecoma
\ Chavdecumb
. 160
16
Chetellescoma
f Chetellescota
514
791
Celuertesberia
205
—
1 Galecoih .
236
Cercilla .
732
341
I Cheuetorna
682
/ Cercitona .
\ Ghurecheton
561
—
J
/ 762
\1572
/155
\868
—
180
1 Chyfethvrn
. —
( Cerintona
\ Churiton .
900
135
V
Chichelesberia
615
Ceritona .
" 1088
265
( Chiempabera
\Kemppebere
. 915
OroffU
—
454
605
Chadeledona
. 1000
229
Chienemetona
! 74
Chaeledona
502
395
( Chinnesf ort
449
___
f396
1 Kyngesford
519
Chalmonleuga
494
\ to
t Chiueorna
513
(405
\ Chiuethorne
523
Chederlia
. 295
—
( Chiuuarthiuuis
\ Hywisse
1041
( Cheleforda
. 1071
—
640
1 CheletJwrth
/1463
\1551
Chochintona
! 738
328
Chritetona
105
__
( Cherletona
\ Cheletona
14
—
(Ghildeton .
\ Lideltona .
319
217
—
225
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DB NEVILL."
307
Index Number.
Index Number.
Tutadt
Tutad*
Place Name.
Dowutday
. NevOL
Place Name.
Dommdajf.
NwOL
Childeton .
. —
f 349
\1353
Coletona .
Coletona .
562
. 566
186
(CkUdedon .
—
247
Culitona .
20
345
1 Hama
i Churchestowe
. 1077
1260
J Colinton
. —
/1438
\1486
1 Notona
249
—
\ in Colitona
264
t GhuriputUford
—
591
Coleuuilla
525
473
1 Potafort .
917
...
Collabera
529
j Gkurmarwode
—
585
fColriga
\Curig
150
\ Mereuda .
968
—
—
68
Cicecota .
356
1054
Colriga
725
—
Ciclet
796
—
( Colrige
\Coung
608
Cilletona .
771
—
—
176
Ciretona .
654
—
Colrige
723
—
Clauetona
546 1388, etc
Colsouenescota
. 1070
Clehangra
728
—
Coltescoth .
—
64
Clifort .
460
485
Colteshorda
1071
955
Cliforda .
, 1033
(B. 67)
Coltrestan
628
(CltffordSLLawn
\Clist
rnce —
293 (
1607
B. 1053)
Colnm
. 1027
/ 661
\1577
fClis .
194
—
( Colum
. 1095
1 Clist Fomiton
-^-
260
1 Colnz Reyngy
—
269
JClist
439
—
fColun
472
_
\CUstHidon
—
531
\ Culum
—
528
Clist
440
—
Colunp
454
516
JClist
988
—
Coma
204
66
1 Clyst Gerard
—
668
Coma
205
67
JClist
1098
—
Coma
207
66
\Clistwcbne
—
365
Coma
526
468
Clista
199
86
Coma
811
285
Clista
492
—
( Comba
337
Clista
Clisewic .
199
669
727
1216
1 Svridelcumb
i (Jomba
340
921
Clistona .
57
—
\Baucumb .
—
924
Cloenesberga
404
382
Comba
360
507
Cloueleia .
90
295
Comba
554
890
Cloteworth
—
35
Comba
555
890
f Cobbe-wvmple
\ Winpla .
—
813
Comba
861
853
—
Comba
729
—
Cocnalescoma
299
—
Comba
899
128
Cocke&cumb
—
439
Comba
901
135
Codaforda
. 1097
—
Conba
583
Coic
456
—
TCouba
\ Throncumb
1045
Colacoma
961
649
—
104
/ Colebroca
\Holebrok .
309
—
Con ma
813
—
371
( Cumb
\ in Horescoma
—
779
Colebroca
856
—
. 865
/ Coleleia .
\KoUeleghe .
. 275
—
Cuma
. 1092
—
910
Cumbe
1123
712
CoUmore .
—
298
Cumbe
358
502
Coleton
—
1156
(Cumbe
\Otri
—
833
Coletona .
70
370
721
Coletona .
558
181
Contesberia
849
—
u 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
308
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NBVILL."
Place Name.
Contona .
{Corbineston
Mildelcota
Corelaunde
[ Coritona .
i Curiton
Cornehuda
Gurnwod .
> Corneorda
Gorneuurth
Oornug. Castel
Cortescanola
Coteleia .
Gouehgh .
Kouelegh .
Crahecome
Crakeweye
Crauuecoma
Crauuecome
{Crauelec .
Greulegh .
In. creda .
/Cridia .
\Gridie
Cridia
Grye
{Crideholda
Gridoko
Cre8seuuella
Crochewella
Croffte
Cruc
Culmestocha
Daccumb .
Daledich .
Dalilea
Danescoma
Dena
Deneord .
{Denesburga
Dynesbere .
Depdona .
Depeforda
Deppaforda
Derta
Index Number.
Ttstade
Domesday.
609
494
127
323
679
110
575
317
NeviU.
/ 683
\1652
451
400
~79
679 r
901
1373
1460
898
915
_ / 261
\1552
— 72
498 —
499
1148
200
676
674
201
290
707
929
1058
112
87
756
724
917
454
562
/ 316
\1288
557
757
J 329
\330
751
672
742
15
1075 —
— 246
739 —
(354
852
1364
1491
705 126
945 —
Place Name.
Derta
Derta
Dertera .
Dertrintona
Deuenaberia
Dertemore .
Detnesbere .
Deuual
Didaeam .
Dimewoldesham
Dinintona
( Dochorda
[Dockeworih
Dodebroca
Dodecota .
Doddelescot
Doddescumbe
{Dodeton .
Otrit
Doduceswilla
Doldethorne
Dona
Dona
Dona
Done
Dondritona
Doneslanda
Donestantona
Doneuoldehamma
Donicestona
Donitona .
Donsedoc .
Duna
Duna
Dune
Douelis .
Draheforda
Dueltona .
( Duueltona
\ Yedescoth .
Dunesforda
Dunesforda
Dunitona
Index Number.
Tettade
Dunestanetuna
Dunneworth
{Dunestal .
Northon .
Domesday.
952
769
905
744
236
125
737
328
934
1115
780
488
664
243
619
985
1114
365
369
1116
311
291
268
984
154
1113
107
806
397
1014
711
1118
f 231
\328J
686
NmUL
581
98
102
/ 331
\1457
1093
/ 733
\1574
824
1152
/ 925
1 1268
574
543
256
92
826
560
243
151
846
618
508
- i
741
1569
227
230
835
1546
477
925
744
726 —
— 839
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL." 309
Place Name. Domesday.
Duneuuinesdona 642
Duuelanda
Duuelanda
Drascumb
Duntingthon
Dupeford
Durneford
Eburacum
/Edeslega .
\Edwislegh
f Edetona .
\Yldelthon
Efforda .
f Eggenesford
\ Limet
Eighebera
JElforde .
\Evpeford .
Elintona .
Eltemetona
(Emblegh .
1 Kauueberga
j Engestecota
\ Hengestecoth
Hengestecoth
Engleborna
Engleborna
Ermentona
Ernecumbe
{Ernescurnbe jwrva
Hernescoma
Erticoma .
Eruescoma
SEsastapla .
Hethedaple
Escaga
Saghe
Escaga
C Eacapeleia
A Escapeleia
S Escapeleia
( Shaplegh .
Escapeleia
Eschipabroca
Escobecoma
Eslapaforda
J Esmaurige
Index Number.
Ttttade
NevilL
x
Smalerig .
Esmitteham
789
260
(1366
11449
}1476
f 1500
110
789
1074
771
—
435
36
—
94
—
—
249
670
—
—
192
438
413
—
377
408
—
483
490
112SO
685
30
—
504
—
—
55
147
—
136
—
—
42
—
53
630
547
747
—
23
674
—
778
—
542
386
—
267
—
97
—
837
—
— 801
631 —
— 153
414
415
417
978
793
720
97
f 14
\692
279
549
751
Place Name.
{Esnideleia
Suyddelgc .
f Espice Wita
\Sptchewyk .
Esprecoma
Espredelestona
Espreitona
Espreuueia
/ Essapla .
\ Sappeslegh
Em. See Aisa.
(Esse
\inYuueslia
Esse
Essebretona
Essecestra
Esselingaforda
Esseministra
E8semundeborda
Essoic
Estreta .
Etboldus Wrda
Etcheborna
{Esseford .
Manneheua
( Esseford .
\Esseorda .
Essetona .
Estaforda.
Estatforda
Estaueforda
Stafort .
Estandona
{Estantona
Stanton
/ Eetapeleia
{Stapelhille
Estocha .
{Estocha .
Stokes
Estocheleia
f Estocheleia
Index Number.
Tutade
Domemky. NtviU.
444 —
— 425
73 — <
— 1280
894 108
346 —
458 488
713 831
1107 —
— 1371
i
Sutton
f Estocheleia
I Uppecoth .
Estocheleia
Estochelia
Estocheleia
Estochelia
Estocheleia
741
942
270
301
252
787
718
776
848
119
35
1024
842
384
459
677
360
371
1119 —
1253
1133
353
750
168
9816
656
774
721
855
355
137
1049 —
851
629
588
/ 951
~~ \1644
302 —
/ 952
~~ \1644
284 908
390 465
670 1206
296 —
307 1179
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
310 INDEX TO " DOMESDAY " AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
Index Number.
Testa de
Place Name.
Domesday.
NeviU.
Stokkelegh
. —
J 506
\1058
Estodleia .
. 679
—
Estolleia .
. 206
61
Estotacoma
. 524
—
Estotdona.
. 621
—
Esstoteleia
. 180
—
Falleia .
. 186
—
( Fareuueia
\Forewode .
216
—
—
69
Fareuueia
. 826
259
( Fedauen .
. 777
—
1 Feldefen .
—
248
/Fen .
. 326
—
i Fenton
—
934
f Ferdendella
j 23
' (322
z
\Ferchedel .
—
936
Fernehella
629
148
Fernhille .
—
139
Ferding .
. 1137
—
f Ferentona
308
—
I Femdon .
. —
/ 372
\1422
r Ferhendona
. 1046
( 728
\ Ferndon .
—
{ 1193
(1623
Fereordin
. 775
Fereurdi .
836
Ferleia
26
—
Ferleia .
. 1079
—
Ferneurda
360
Fersa
730
Fagelefenne
—
597
f Fenacre
\ Vennacra
—
291
. 797
—
ri2io
Fenoteri .
—
{ 1344
U445
Fierseham
. 479
Filileia .
6
Fileleia .
433
423
Finatona .
. 298
—
Fluta
. 255
Flutes
. 971
—
Folefort .
. 485
Foletona .
. 589
—
Forda
. 521
—
Forda
587
—
Forohoda .
954
—
Framintona
142
—
Fredeletestoc ,
274
—
Place Name.
Friseham .
iGaleshora
Bocland .
Galmentona
OaumeUm
i Gawmeton
\ Walenitona
Gatcumba
Gatepada
. 684
Stoches .
. 1036
Gabeuill .
—
Gabeuill .
—
GaMiport .
( Genelie .
\ Jonelegh .
Geraraeston
! 1138
—
( Ghernesleta
XGreneslade
'. 409
—
Ghiderleia
. 271
Gidesam .
. 802
Gildescota
. 965
Godelega .
Godescota
{Godeuacota
Goduuynescoth
Godrintona
Goheuuis .
Goruuilla
Gorham .
Goseuuella
{Grenneliza
Greneslinghe
Grenouueia
Gretedona
{Grismetone
Grimeston
Hacoma .
Hacoma .
( Hacheurde
\HaJeeuurth
Hadreleia
|Hacawila
\HategeweUe
Halgewilla
Haghe
Hagintoua
Hagintona
iHaffitona .
Hakinton .
Hainemardun
Hermannesdon
Index Number.
Tutade
Dometday. NeviU.
280 —
276
1016
568
1068
948
352
894
750
/766
\767
(633
^634
(635
967
601
1124
390
1179
594
/ 586
\1653
366 502
794 —
221
836
455
967
715
378
957
1031
719
169
1146
507
844
1134
227
638
155
423
702
937 —
1362
654
20
716
536
639
827
160
S40
499
415
340
641
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND " TESTA DE NEVILL."
311
Place Name.
fHainoc
I Hyanac .
Haiserstona
{Haldeurdi
AUeworth .
Halestou .
Haletrou .
{Halsbretona
Haberton .
Hama
Hama
{Hama
Childedon .
{Hanberia
Brodehambury
{Hanberia
Payhaumbiry
Hamberia
Hemberia
Hamihoc
Hamistona
{Hamistona
Hemmeston Bubba
f Hamistona
j Hemmeeton
Hanc
Hanecheforda
Hanenchelola
JHenleia
\ Saynte MariUgh
Heppasteba
SHantona .
HyaunUm
SHantona .
Yatwntone .
SHantona .
Hyaunton
Hantona .
Harestana
Harestana
Harleia .
Hauocmora
iHaustona
Hakesion .
iHax
\ Haute
Habothun
Hach
Hache
Index Number.
Testa ds
Domesday.
610
245
43
1034
974
102
1078
344
343
218
218
109
NesilL
f 538
\1680
1493
— 273
230 —
893 107
1077 —
— 247
766 —
— 1485
445 —
— 614
720
—
1096
—
11
—
72
960
316
—
—
1300
556
—
/ 889
\1273
657
5.1045
927 —
347 938
680 —
— 1161
673 —
372 —
— 437
388 —
— 466
422 —
414
945
88
88
788
403 —
- i
674
1332
115
190
870
Place Name.
\Hak
JHoca
j Hakefard .
{ Alforda .
Halecumb
HaUtdone
Holeuuill
iHaleylond
Ale&tant .
Hampteneeford
Hamtenesford
Hamtenesford
Hampton .
Hanebergh
Hanesworth
Hardewineslegh
SHaroldesore
Herewaldtshore
Harpeford
Harepeford
Haurig
Hassok
Hauekardand
Hauckdon
HeaaUle
Heierda
Hela
Hela
Hela
Hde
HeU
HeU
Hde
Hiele
{Helescaua
Huruhaue
Herberneforda
Hurbemeford
Hereforda
Herle8Coma
Hermantona
{Hernescoma
Parva Ernescumbe —
Hermonde8uuorda 133
Herstanahaia . 835
{Hertitona . 44
Hcrtilande . —
Index Number.
Testa de
Dom-day. NeviU.
— 564
1019 —
— 1160
231
599
( omitted
I
1312
246
1076 —
— 62
— 397
— 405
— 1605
— 315
— 323
— 374
1122 —
— 707
— 443
__ /12n
\1346
— 806
— 85
— 828
— 306
70
655
1030
171
283
1017
1142
395
746
325
882
23
385
(907
(909
614
613
( 214
{ B. 187
616
826
461
339
207
932
542
/ 735
\1578
35$
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
312 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
Place Name.
{He8malacoma
Smalecwmbe
(Hetfella .
S Holediche ,
Hetfelt
Heuetrouua
Heuis
Hewis
Hewis
iHiwisse
Toreeuuifl ,
Heuuisa
{Hiwis
Yuuis
{Hyuuis
Louelleston
Hyuuisse .
Eengestecoth
Hengestecoth
C Heppecoth
< Uppecoth .
( Estocheleia
Herdewill
Herdeywyk
Hetherland
< Henesham
\ HoDessam
Hidona
SHierda
Yerde
{Hierlega
Hertlegh
Hilla
Hille
{Hillesdona
HiLderesdon
Hindefort
Hitenesleia
{Hiltinton .
Incrintona
Ho .
Hode
Hoca
{Hochaorda
Hakeuurth
Hocoorda
Hackuurth
Index Number.
Testa de
nweway.
523
JVOTM*.
—
469
716
—
f 834
—
i 1487
U541
247
1339
698
753
567
895
577
893
339 —
— 51
143 —
855 —
753
778
302
772
461
496
551
464
850
637
743
1019
706
117
251
640
42
53
1644
952
327
131
1208
125
527
— 407
140 —
— 45
1044 103
( 775
— 1 1342
U498
767 —
— 124
857
489
794
/ 684
11652
332
564
— 827
430 —
— 525
Place Name.
Hochesam
Hochesila
rWelisedinga
I Hodethon .
Hokeaford
Hola
Hola
Holebema
Halecumb
Holcomma
Holcomma
Holecoma
Holecoma
Holecoma
Holecumba
Holecumbe
{Holescoma
Cwmb
Holebroca
(Holtbrok .
Index Number.
Tettadi
\
Colebroca
Holescomba
Holla
{Northhamme
Hunne
Hounne Ergideys
{Holna .
Holnham
Holrig
Honechercha
{Honelanda
Hunelaunde
Hone&sam
Honetona
Hunitona
{Horescoma
Cwmb
{Horeuuda
TPedHorewod
f Horeuuoda
1 Ed Horewod
\PinHorwod
Hortona
{Horcherdton
Orcartona
Hughdon .
Hundatora
Domuday.
668
919
501
706
884
892
1039
95
650
890
429
700
1072
101
320
1104
474
920
380
625
772
f 14
1313
760
865
144
647
135
319
235
( 754
11568
/ 579
11148
84
130
109
630
231
93
/ 526
\1602
264
552
1313
302
/ 371
1142 1
685
—
740
213
—
1255
—
1458
740
212
529
609
703
448
862
125
/1436
11444
779
49
fl646
{ 746
I 747
41
920
1311
318
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO
" DOMESDAY " AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
313
Index Number.
Index Number.
Tested*
Tested*
Piece Name.
Donnday. J
SwOL
Place Neme.
Domnday.
NtvilL
Honeseua
HunUbere
839
68
1217
KiUebyre .
—
f 674
11332
Hurberton
/ 208
• "" 11372
Kingettan
—
/ 674
11332
f Hurte&beria
\Byn
701
—
Kuppingctcoth -
—
1126
—
823
Kymethorne
—
138
Huttesdon
642
734
Kynewwrdetbergh
—
206
Jacobeschercha
1099 f
p. 312
Kyngerwere
Kystmeldon
— _
1488
593
Ida
108
—
Labera
768
Hesam
. 1066
( Lachebroc
VLethebrok .
373
Hestintona
1003
706
—
434
f 351
Lancoma .
653
1365
Laierda .
436
Iplepena .
. 1015
1394
Lanbretona
908
648
1484
Laniliner
38
J544
( Lammeseta
\ Lamsedc .
598
Iueleia
1028
881
f Iuedon
lOtria
809
Lcmeede +
—
645
877
( Lanchers .
\ Lancarse .
393
,
Iohanuiesto
790
258
459
Incledene
,
10
( Landeshere
\ La Heghelande .
354
| lonelegh .
1 Geneiie
—
601
—
844
. 1138
f Lanforda .
\ Parva Lampford
991
—
flouueford .
< Iudaforda
702
~-
638
1048
Lantfort .
1089
—
' Iorford
( Jurdaneston
IBegatora .
—
1454
550
Langadona
/626\
1627/
864
413
Langafort
446
521
fJurledene .
< should be
—
782
Langeforda
78
( 350
I 1360
U394
244
[ Incledene
(Kagefort .
\ Chageford .
192
46
Langehewis
( Langetreuua
\ Langdree .
219
93
(Kari
\Cary
638
—
( Langhestan
\ Parva Maneton
609
—
—
871
539
Kary
—
308
Laurochebera .
443
__
Kasnnton
—
884
Laurochebera
1144
T1472
Kametcoth
—
12
< 1494
(Kenton
I Chentona
—
1359
La Barre ,
—
(l537
49
—
La Burche
__
234
[Kelly . .
1 Chenleia .
—
509
La Chapele
1122
364
—
La Fenne .
653
793
( Kenvmeworth
I Chemeuuorda .
—
76
| La Ford .
\ Forohoda .
729
134
—
954
(Ketelberg .
—
1606
(LaForde .
1 Forda . . .
471
< Chentesbera
460
—
621
\KenteUsbere
—
517
La Fvne .
306
134
(Ken .
\ Ghent
—
1447
La Heghelande .
~~~ •
844
411
—
/ La Heghe .
\ Limet
—
378
KUdrington
—
199
408
—
Kilttrue
—
140
LaHUU .
776
263
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
314 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
Index Number.
Index Number.
Tutade
Tatadt
Place Name.
Domnday.
Nevill.
Place Name.
Donutday.
NtvilL
La Hille .
—
621
Leuerlegh
—
663
Hille
La Hoke .
-—
775
505
/ Leuga
\ Leuaone .
. 1022
722
La Kove .
—
660
/ Leuya
\ Liuu
362
—
Touretona A
, 1005
—
—
511
La More .
541
167
Leualiga .
. 1023
722
More
541
877
/ Leuestona
\ Leueneston
1001
—
La Mere .
— .
662
—
1215
La Meye .
392
463
Leuesteleghe
—
837
La Pole .
—
665
Leuuenescoth
, —
742
fLaShete .
\ Petecota .
—
555
Leuutdecote
438
493
—
/ Leuia
\Lyu
88
—
(La Thome
\ Limet
—
384
_L
239
405
—
Leuuendona
. 1051
722
La Walle .
—
119
Lidemora .
549
140
La Worth
—
725
Lideforda
35
1092
Le Hospital
—
396
Lidefort .
. 640
—
Landestaverton .
—
1300
Lideltona
225
—
Langebere
,—
312
f Lideltona
\ WestLidethon
226
—
Langelegh
f Lascumb .
\ Loscumma
—
723
—
324
! 745
334
/Liega
\ StiUandeelegh
. 399
387
Leghe
—
830
/Liega
\ Romundeylegh
234
—
Legh
—
940
—
304
Lega
225
320
Lieurichestona
603
—
Lega
273
—
Lim .
223
—
Lega
. 315
/ 843
11628
Limet
Limet
149
242
—
/Lega
X JVardlegh
. 376
—
f Limet
\ Nimet
398
—
—
451
—
386
fLega . .
581
—
f Limet
\ Braddenimete
C Limet
401
—
| ThurysUgh
—
ri95
1905
405
392
Lega
591
r 170
11326
i WaUston and
—
383
1 La Thome
—
384
Lega
. 635
—
{Limet
408
—
/Lega
\ SuthUgh .
. 881
—
i La Heghe and
—
378
—
803
( PertrichetwaU
—
379
Lega
. 1147
709
Limet
759
—
Lega
. 1011
283
Limeta
. 1082
—
Lega
. 1053
664
f Lina
\ Lyn .
Lincoma .
. 851
—
/Lega
X Whytelegh
1055
619
436
791
417
Ledtoycheston
. —
/ 836
11265
Linnor
Linor
824
. 1012
279
f Lefwynescot
\ Pin Horwod
: z
1646
747
Lintona .
f Lisistona .
\ Lippeston .
850
348
—
Legham .
! 606
173
—
937
/ Leia
\ Estlegh. .
840
—
T1091
—
802
Listona .
37
\ 1483
Leiga
823
—
1 1499
{Leiga
\ Marinelegh
. 1063
—
Liteham .
253
1212
:—
1158
Liteham .
. 92
—
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
315
Place Name. Dowumtajf.
Litel-torilanda . 282
Litel-racheneforda 712
Litel-uuera
Index Number.
Tested*
Loba
Lochesbera
Lochesora
{Lochetona
Lughetone
{Lochetora
Lughetorre
Ludebroca
Lodebroc
Lodebroc
Lodeswilla
Lollardeadona
{Lonmela .
Lumme .
f Lonmina .
\Lumena .
Loperige .
Luperiga .
Rlupenga
Losbera .
Loscumma
Lotelanda
{Louapit .
Otery
Louecota .
Louenetorna
Lokington
Loveworthy
{Louyeton .
Metwi
Ludeton .
{Lughyngecoth
Tamerlanda
J LuUstoktUgh
\ Estocheleia
Lymbyry .
Maaberia .
Macbeswelle
Macretona
{Madescama
Cumb
NevilL
1159
913
582
83
426
888
634 —
— 859
23^ —
754
(433)
1928/
213
(420)
1421 J
559
331
563
/782
1788
808
812
}
831
832
259
745
814
718
925
557
1129
912
923
1318
T1258
i 1373
U456
220
289
287
{omitted
1308
/ 293
11309
336
/
834
616
. 891
11271
328
146
681
930
589
/ 951
11604
301 —
— 202
819 —
939 —
35 —
869 —
— 776
Index Number.
Tested*
Place Name.
Donmdoff.
NevUL
Madestay
—
/1369
11497
Madfort .
286
/ 369
11419
Maddeford
—
456
iianberia .
14
—
Maiford .
—
478
Matforda .
843
818
Madona .
1074
—
Mededon .
Magnelega
Magnetona
Mameorda
Wemmeworth
Mammehetua
Manedona
Manitona '
1108
( Manneheua
I Esseford .
. 1119
—
Matingeho
151
( Maneton Parva.
\ Langheatan
509
Mannesford
—
f Marlecwnb
\ Aulescome
799
( MarineUgh
\ Leiga
—
1063
Mauessart
495
Meda
392
Medenecoma
476
Medeneford
—
Meduill .
364
Meleberia
944
Meledune .
Meleforda
Melefort .
Mellestona
Meleuuis .
{Merdemymeth
Nimet
Mere
{Merehoda
Westeeoih .
( Mereuda .
\ Churmarwode
fMeroda .
I Middelmerwode
817
515
410
416
606
998
885
129
586
466
784
897
/ 770
\1645
284
380
551
174
/ 769
11622
721
24
539
313
292
1158
406
463
(480
(481
18
/ 510
11072
607
504
129
75
904
493
223
661
— Ill
968 —
— 585
441 —
f 419
11582
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
316 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY"
AND "TESTA DE
NEVILL."
Index Number.
Index Number.
Testa d*
Tested*
PlaeeName.
Domesday.
NevUL
PlaeeName.
Ikmetday.
NevUL
Merlanda
. 887
116
Morteho .
989
4
f Mirlanda .
\ Petermerland
. 921
—
Mortona .
66
—
—
616
f Motberia .
\ Parva Modbur%
341
—
Merlegk .
743[
335
f —
916
Mertona .
. 138
39
Motbilia .
318
—
Mertona .
465
—
Musberia .
619
—
Metcoma .
167
—
Munetheneland
1153
f Meuui
\Mewy
610
/ Nauicote .
\ Holna
—
629
—
171
474
—
f Meuui
\ Godmewy .
611
177
Neuetona
434
/ 431
11654
f Meuui
\ Hughemewy
612
887
Neuuentona
1021
/565
1566
Hughemewy
—
178
Neuuentona
, 105\
1083/
f Meuui
\ Tromveton
Midelanda
613
—
—
179
Neuuentona
779
257
1090
Nieuetona
786
—
Midelcota
. 1085
Niuueton
. 401
394
Middelcoth
—
166
Nieutona .
1081
—
Middelcotk
. 1138
602
Niuuetona
324
927
Mildelcota
381
602
/ Nimet
XNottesUm .
. 792
—
Mildelcota
383
451
—
222
Corbineston
—
451
Nimet
784
223
Mideltona
179
21
Nimet
785
224
Mideltona
225
—
Nimeta .
54
—
Mideltona
962
rii57
( Middeldon
X Mildedona
—
781
Nimetona
83
i 1362
871
—
tl549
Milehyuis
Mimidlanda
1120
841
Nimetona
121
—
599
883
f Nires8a
\ Nithere8se .
197
—
Mochelesberia
1008
281
—
80
Modleia .
601
Nistenestoc
980
—
Modleia .
602
Nitheredene
742
330
Mogescoma
Molacota .
425
( Nitheredune
\ Beneadona
—
540
1025
683
, 511
—
Moleuuis .
652
772
Nithertun
842
816
r 368
Niuueland
—
77
Mollanda .
52
< 1361
Niuueland
—
658
1 1418
/ Northecoth
\ Nochecota .
—
666
Mollanda .
188
36
999
—
Mollanda .
898
133
Northecoth
—
63
f Monacochamant*
\Munekeckementor<
:>na 370
449
Norcota .
176
112
Mora
541
/167
1877
Norcota .
Nort Moltona
173
50
962
More Kiletreu
—
140
Northam .
. 257
—
Morbatha
56
1363
Nortona .
» 537
162
Morceta .
202
C Norihon .
\ Dunestal .
—
839
Morchet .
100
—
726
—
Morchet .
868
821
r Northany eccL ,
\ Northbury eccL
—
1469
Moriston .
—
280
—
1504
Morlei
1150
709
Noteswilla
1103
1211
Morleia .
810
286
Notona .
249
—
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO
"DOMBSDAY AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
317
Index Number.
Index Nomber.
Testa <U
Testa (U
Place Name.
Dowuxiay.
NwiiL
Place Name.
Domudas.
NtvilL
Nottedon .
001 /omitted
321 \ 1312
/ Ordihella .
V Worihyel .
590
169
Noteeuurde
. 1131
943
( Orescoma .
869
Ocheneberia
696
B. 286
1 Orescomma
662
| Ochenemitona
I Oksmeton .
. 355
—
y Orescomme
665
—
1054
( Auletcumb
763
f Odeborna
XWodsbum
506
410
Orrauuia .
. 749
/ 361
11413
Odeforda .
636
858
Orcherd
613
/Odelea
XWodsleah .
Odeorai .
973
—
Oteri
860
811
—
708
f Id Oteri .
I Rappinghsghs .
867
__
. 681
1164
819
Odescliua
16
—
Oteri
663
764
Odetreu
, 961
1094
f In Oteri .
\ Rappinghegh
671
__
f Offauuilla
X UffeuiU .
527
—
—
774
—
474
fOtria
685
—
Offecoma .
708
< Otria
877
__
f Oghauuillae
I West WoqewiU
East WogewiU
666
—
\Iuedon
809
758
TOtri
\ Otrey S. Marie
265
667
—
1204
—
759
Otri .
878
OJAere
224
322
/ Otri .
XOtery
717
__
f Oladona .
iWuUedune
391
—
834
464
f Otri .
\ Cumbe
721
__
St Olaf. eccl.
269
—
—
833
/ Olfaldeahodes
I Wolfaresworth
951
—
Otri .
688
—
671
Otri .
691
f Olf ereordi
\ Wolfaresworih
1073
f Otrit
\ Dodetone .
488
—
—
296
—
560
( Olpessa
I Uvpeesse .
Oluardesdona
198
—
rOtritona .
263
—
98
81
1 Oteringthon
—
/1208
11340
/ Olueberia
\Wullebergh
Oluieuetona
518
—
Oteri Fen .
/1344
11445
329
616
537
Overdene .
f Oluridintona
X Wolurington
( Olurintona
. 210
Panestan .
911
307
! 770
58
/ Pankardeswyk ,
X Duneuuinesdon.
a 642
732
\ Oluuritona
229
Pantesfort
■GS}
547
977
163
518
( WoluringUm
( Olueleia .
\ WolfUgh .
. 218
95
89
Paorda
Patforda .
Pateola
140, etc.
Oluelia
394
—
( Paddebrok
X Hiele
659
111
SLSTph
484
—
1142
. 815
553
/ Peateton .
X Aluuinestona
292
963
< Oppaluma
683
—
Pech
329
935
\ Lumens .
—
287
Percheham
386
460
/ Orcartona
\ Horehsrdton
319
—
Pedehael .
214
82
—
920
Pediccheswella
166
19
f Ordia
\ Worthi .
500
—
PertrichsswaU
. 407
379
— -
402
Pedracumba
. 731
5.806
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
318 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NBVILL."
Index Number.
Index Number.
Testa d*
Testa <b
Place Name.
Donusday
. NevUL
Place Name..
Domesday.
N€vUL
Petecota .
493
555
Pultimora
. 1032
626
Petrochestoua
—
240
Puselynch
. 324
928
Peumera .
. 651
—
Rachenforda
. 503
409
Picaltona .
889
93
LitelRacheneforda 712
1159
Pidaliga .
949
572
Racoma .
477
479
Pidehel .
630
—
/ Racomba .
\ Haurig
. 862
Pillanda .
. 152
2
—
806
Pillanda .
165
, —
Racum
. 1037
632
Piltona .
153
—
Raddona .
. 233
Pisseuuilla
854
808
Reddona .
. 1061
—
Pinnoc
60
teu
Ratdona .
Ratdona .
. 306
. 535
840
878
Planteleia
931
—
Ratdona .
. 804
Pleiestou .
185
30
Radecliua
916
604
Plemestocha
238
—
Radehida .
. 987
Plintona .
28
—
Radeuda .
940
Plumtrei .
766
/ 653
11437
f Radeleia .
\ Ralegh
. 156
15
f Pochehilla
\ Braderig .
933
—
( Raorain .
V Radev?eye(f)
' 852
1570
—
724
f Pocheella .
\ Poghehill .
Podiforda
303
—
Radeweye .
—
444
\ 42
1205
Radeworthe
. —
/ 815
11583
Poahdippe
—
326
Rak .
184
582
903
Ratreu
. 743
1256
( Pola !
\ Norihpole .
830
—
/ Rauueberga
\ Rugheberg .
. 147
—
—
297
—
48
Pola
697
—
/ Rauleston .
\ Raweston .
—
1268
Pole
/ 665
11625
1125
Reddix .
. 695
-*_
Poldreham
983
5.106
Radix
. 911
Polebroc .
218
—
f Reimora .
\ Redmore .
. 595
Polesleuga
482
—
880
Polealeuia
220
—
Restona .
. 906
97
Poleworth
—
311
Restercumb
. 1130
942
Polham .
Polochestona .
930
574
610
182
Reuua
196
T70
\72
Pontimora
Porlamuta
481
569
191
Ridelcoma
781
/218
1219
Porlemue .
—
544
/ Ridmore .
\ Rumor
484
/ Porriga .
\Puderigh .
389
—
. 462
—
462
Rineetandona
. 211
1163
Pocumb .
—
1495
Ringedona
8
| Potafort .
\ Chwriputteford
917
—
Ringhendona
Ristort
432
429
—
591
. 463
487
Poteforda
838
T799
1800
Rocebera .
Rochebera
. 486
. 310
559
Potiforda
. 277
/ 949
11650
Rochebera
Rochebera
. 487
. 491
559
558
Pudeforda
646
737
f Rodeleia ►
\ Rughelegh
191
Potitona .
873
822
—
27
/ Preula
I Pralle .
531
—
( Rouecoma
. 1043
.
—
546
\ Throncumb
—
1Q4
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
319
Place Name.
/ Rouerige .
I Rourige .
Rokeuurth
RoUandeston
{Romundeylegh
Liega
Hotel
f St. Marilegh
\ Henleia .
f St Mary Church
\Pasfbrd
St Mary Church
St Olaf .
Sanforda .
Sanforda .
Sanfort .
Santoua .
Saterleia .
(Saghe
{Saltcumbe .
Selcoma .
Sanderig .
Sapesleg
Scabatora
Scobaccoma
Scobbeehestre
{ScoUswyk .
Wica
Sedeborga
Sedemuaa
fSelac
\StghelaJe .
Selcoma .
Selingeforda
Esseliugeforda
Seluestan
{Sepesberia
Seftbere .
Sepe
Setleberia .
Seleda
Se&ecoth .
Sette&ergh
Index Number.
Testa de
Domoday. Ntvill
14 —
266 —
441
476
304
234 —
— 829
— 1161
473
1107
990
45
386
{
680
123
312
269
960
1007
367
891
1026
/631 —
1632 —
— 1209
116 —
— 1272
/1371
\1452
1304
944
/ 679
\1601
347
1350
1393
106
153
218
—
765
—
1141
603
—
954
1069
—
1080
—
263
1208
516
—
/515
\522
116
—
841
817
1024
/ 718
11623
1464
( 343
i 1353
(1394
460
1490
799
786
Place Name.
Seuenasshe
CScyredun .
i
Siredona .
Sireford .
(ShireuiU .
Lochesora
I
ShiteUsbere
Sideberia .
Sideham .
Sidelham
{Sidreham .
Parva Sideham
Sigeforda .
Sildenna .
Silfestana
Sirefort .
Sirefort ,
{Sireuuilla
Fytelecoth
Sireuuilla
Sladona .
Sleeumbe .
{Smalecumbe
Hesmalacoma
{Suyddelge .
Esuideleia
Sotebroca .
Sotrebroc .
Sopecumb ,
Svthwod .
Suthwod .
Spececota
Sperchewilla
Sprei
Spreuuea .
T Svreuueye .
\ Espreuuueia
{Spichewyk
Espice-wita
( Spridelcvmb
\Comba
Stackelegh ,
(Staford
\ Estaf ord
Stafort
(Staford
| Estatforda
Stanlinz
Steucnhalle
Index Number.
Testa de
Domssday. NevilL
— 9
— T1371
t 1467
(1503
867
426
1117
614
/420
1421
115
807
545
539
932
658
338
77
614
758
941
126
401
1209
226
159
161
628
1338
/154
1867
113
587
— 1492
— 469
523 —
— 425
444 —
305 —
997 —
— 211
— 720
657
116
534
652
59
831
1280
921
506
355
137
366
886
517
1136
203
713
73
337
353
981
750
763
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
320
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DB NEVILL."
Index Number.
Index N amber.
Testa de
Testa d*
Place Name.
Dome$iay.
NwilL
Place Name.
Domeiday.
NeviU.
/ Stancoma
\Stanecumb
. 585
/193
1717
Suthwimple
( Svttecwmhe
\ Estotacoma
—
200
, —
—
472
Stane
—
739
524
—
Stanebergh
—
1455
Sutton
301
951
Stapledon .
—
596
Syteledorre
—
680
Starig
—
710
TTaigna
I Teyng
467
—
Stayne
—
404
—
483
(Stapclhille
\ Estapeleia
—
629
Taigna
508
—
1049
—
TaignebrigeHund. 66
—
Steueneston
( Steueneston
\ Branfort .
981
255
261
Tainewick
13
J 1451
1 1543
801
—
Taincoma .
193
46
/ Stillandeslegh
\ Liega
—
387
Taintona .
106
—
399
—
/Taintona .
\Teyngton .
457
—
Stoc .
722
838
—
486
Stocha
113
—
Tala .
J 660
\661
—
Stoches .
975
686
—
Stoches
1036
633
JTalebrua .
\Thelbrig .
209
—
Stokes
942
588
—
56
J Stokes .
\ Cedelintona
—
715
Taletona .
114
—
76
—
/ Tamerlanda
\ Lughyngecoth .
912
—
Stoudon .
—
646
—
589
Staddon .
621
/157
1870
Tambretona
Tambretone
34
1153
693
Stoddon
—
569
Tapeleia .
145
50
Stontorre .
—
1270
Tauelanda
1057
—
/ Stordethon
\ Wesfort .
—
99
Tauetona . .
39
—
902
—
Tauetona Hund.
94
—
Stotberia
594
886
Tauetona .
409
—
Stotescoma
620
152
( 977
—
Stotlega .
703
—
Tauetona (rents)
{ 978
—
Stotteworth
—
800
U057
—
f Stouretona
I Staverton .
122
—
( Tauuetona
\ Tauton .
1
—
—
1301
—
567
( Suetetona
I Moriston .
1010
280
Tauestocha
48
/1368
\1461
Sulfretona
10
—
Tauestocha
224
—
Sura
572
187
Tauestoca
99
—
( Surapla
} Sureapeldor
822
276
Taui
544
/158
\874
( Surintona
\ Sureihon .
128
—
Tauui
1155
677
—
73
Tautona .
111
—
Surleia
573
183
Tawnibre .
—
961
Sutecoma
131
40
Teigemue .
—
654
Sut Moltona
8
—
Teigna
215
—
Sut Moltona
262
—
Teigna
412
548
Sutona
33
—
( 344
Sutuna
, 1067
620
Teintona .
13
-M370
Sutreuuorda
, 714
—
1 1394
Sudthbrok .
—
204
Teteborna
469
494
f Suthwik .
\ Wyca
—
760
Teteborna
470
—
» 641
—
Teteborna
863
807
Suthcoth .
783
235
Tetecota .
548
856
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL." 321
Index Number.
Index Number.
Testa de
Testa dt
Place Name.
Dom&day.
NevilL
Place Name.
Domemlay.
NtvilL
/ Te Weberia .
964
—
1 Tucabera
922
1 Thefebergh
—
592
< Tuicabera .
926
i Throncumb
—
104
\ Twykhebere
—
615
1 Couba
1045
—
Torverton .
1352
i Thurisleghe
—
905
Tremettes .
1603
\Lega
581
—
f Trill
\ Alraforda .
470
Thuryslegh
. 581
196
522
Thurysleghe
581
195
Trilbehegh
—
765
Thaungelegh
—
J 110
1136
Triesel
( Trompeton
\ Meuui
128
74
179
Tomton
387
467
613
—
Topeshant
63
/ 624
\1448
Tryfebel .
Tuchel .
1089
748
267
Toredona
875
—
TurkerUj .
—
1123
Torilanda
. 648
—
Tuz Seinzton .
841
817
Torintona
41
/1362
\1550
(Twyneya .
X Betunia .
1109
701
Torintona
. 387
—
Tynacre .
143
f Toritona .
\ Parva Toriton
46
—
/ Vennacra
XFenacre .
797
—
611
—
291
Toritona .
. 981
/254
\255
Ulacumba
/Ulsistona .
X Walsingthon
. 888
. 578
120
Toritona .
. 755
—
—
189
JTorix
633
—
Uluredmtona
86
1 Parva Thoriz
—
860
Uluurintona
735
—
J Torlestan .
564
—
Uluuritona
146
\ Thurleston
—
188
Umberleia
. 258
Torna
132
78
UffeuiU .
. 527
474
Torneberia
. 228
309
Uggeburah
Uppecoth .
Uppecot .
/ Uppecoth .
X Duuelanda
. 1151
675
Torneberia
294
957
963
598
Tornecoma
. 520
—
. 484
553
/ Tornelouua
\Tullesle .
543
—
—
250
—
872
. 789
Tore
342
—
Uppecoth .
( Uppecoth .
X Estocheleia
1121
Torra
1065
1296
—
952
Torra
. 1110
532
. 302
/ Toreeuuis
143
—
Uppetone .
564
900
1 Hiwisse .
—
51
Uppeton .
—
1486
/ Toteneis .
\ Toton
. 639
1373
Wachetona
/32
' \35
—
Totescoma
! 287
—
/ Wadeham
\ Wodhem .
. 1094
—
Touretona
85
—
, * —
305
Tiverton .
—
1439
( Wadelescota
363
f Touretona
\la Kove .
. 1005
—
1 JVadeleston
—
512
—
660
t Wadestan
435
—
Trebichen
38
—
1 Weston
—
432
/Trendesholt
175
—
jWafforda .
805
1 Trendeleslo
—
8
X Watford .
—
225
I Tresetona
534
—
Wafort .
734
—
XThrisselthon
—
163
/ Wagesf ella
544
—
Trisma
244
—
1 Waahefen
X Walcomba
160
/Trula
\TkrouUgh.
994
—
137
—
—
637
I Wollecumb
—
357
VOL. XXXIV.
7
I
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
322 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL."
Place Name.
{Wellecoma
Wollecvmb
Walderige
Waleforda
Waleurda
{Walemintona
Walsingthon
Warcoma .
Waeeborna
(Wadeforde
\Odeforda .
{Waleston .
Limet
(Walford .
\Wesfort .
WaUewvrth
{Warned .
Wenforda
Wanteslegh
1 Baldrintona
Warebrightelegh
[ Wirlbesliga
i Wardlegh .
\Lega
Wardlegh .
Wasfella .
{Wasfelta .
Parva Wassefeld
( Waurkeleghe
\ Braia
Webezston
Wedreriga
Weia
Welisdinga
Welebere
(Welles
\Willa
(Welles
\Willa
Welonger
Wenfort
Wuford
{Wemmeworth
Mameorda
Wennehain
Wera
Were
Wereia
Index Number.
Testa ds
Domesday. NeviU.
896 —
— 122
!495
496
156
869
23
468
624
177
568
178
827
405
902
910
147
1105
376
678
1006
1084
770
349 —
360 —
501 —
1030 655
— 317
237 —
— 698
1013 —
— 796
59 —
/1356
\1547
— 380
410 —
170 —
918 608
— 913
1903 —
189
420
208
858
100
332
600
54
/ 576
\1548
452
673
1177
1162
847
96
Place Name.
Liteluuera
Wereingeurda
Wermenel
/Wesforda
\Westecoth
/Wesforda .
\Derthe
/Wesfort .
\ Walfard .
Westona .
( Westapse .
\Ausa
WesUcote .
Wesicot
Westecote .
( Westecot .
\Witestan .
i We&tecotii .
\ Wesforda .
Westecoth .
Westesford
Westhorewod
West Lidethon
West Puleuurth
Weston .
Weston
' Whitefeud
Corneorde
' Whytelegh
.Lega
Whittekesdon
Whiteslegh
Wibeberia
TWiborda .
\ Wamberneford
Wica
Wica
Wica
/Wyca
( Suthwik
Wyk
Wyk
Wyk
Wicca
Wicca
Wicha
Wicerce
/Wida
\Wy0iiy
Index Number.
Testa dc
Domesday. NsviU.
754 —
544 —
218 —
903
904
902
966
604
505
490
903
438
144
226
372
435
/1140
\1170
304
361
1069
641
209
1112
963
938
976
101
102
100
617
172
411
430
440
452
498
101
111
413
49
324
457
/ 432
1 1654
533
691
619
1055 —
— 338
981 254
1018 914
314 —
500
954
760
321
376
1155
622
595
678
688
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX TO "DOMESDAY" AND "TESTA DE NEVILL." 323
Place Name.
/ Widebera
\Wodebere
Widecoma
Widecumb
Widefella
Wideuuortha
{Wigacroeta
Wicrofie .
Willecroeta
{Wilauestreu
WUUttre .
Wilelmitona
Willelmatona
{Willedenna
Wyddene .
Willelanda
Wincheleia
Winescota
Wineacoth
Winestona
Wymundeston
Winpla .
( Winpla .
\ Cobbevrimple
Winpla .
Suthwimple
Wipletona
Wiriga
i Witechenolla
\ WhyternoUe
Witefella
/ Witefella .
I Whytefeud
Witefella .
Witefort .
Witeleia .
/Witeleia .
1 Whytelegh
j Witenes .
\ Whyteneth
Witestan .
{Witestan .
Westecot .
Witeuueia
Wiulesauilla
Wodebere .
Woberneford
Index Number.
Testa de
Domesday. NeviU.
798 —
— 270
803 301
— 699
281 —
907 123
693 —
— 752
699 —
961 —
— 660
528 —
907 —
757 —
773
95
923
345
341
442
853
872
64
1042
158
161
969
75
607
976
475
490
512
924
798
102
118
{232
233
1450
145
922
1441
1144 —
813
200
570
578
26
584
/ 346
\1354
175
687
818 ■—
— 288
499
498
/ 704
\1581
615
270
( 274
{ 1440
(1542
Place Name.
Wodeberia
Wodiacomma
T Woguuuel
\Ed wogeuill
{Wpgeuuil
WogewiM .
( OghauuilLse
\East Wogewill
{Oghauuillae
West WogewiU
( Wolnecoma
\ WoUecwmk
Wolestanecota
/Wrda
\ Worth
Worthi
Wortiii
Wrdieta
Wodehywisse
JVodebum
Wodeburn
{WocUmanedon
Bochelanda
{Wolfareivjorth
Olfereordi
{Wolfar4svDorth
01faldesliode8
(WolJUgh .
\ Olueleia .
Wolgareston
Wullebergh
Wolurington
Wolurington
Wolurington
Wonlegh .
WcTcumb .
Worcumb .
Worthyel .
Wyudmoorth
Wytheleghe
( Yuuis
\ HiurU
( Yaldestane
\ Aeidestan
Yaley
( Yauntone .
\Hantona .
Index Number.
Testa d*
Domesday. NevilL
{ 358
68
724
1038
1091
667
834
953
494
645
231
1130
506
829
1073
951
518
146
210
770
590
1135
367
753
866
192
<; 1343
(1474
631
263
759
845 —
758
790
725
402
/ 736
\1579
941
410
580
299
296
571
218 —
— 266
537
52
58
95
1208
418
420
169
645
445
117
820
47
— 466
388 —
x 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
324 INDEX TO "DOMESDAY'
AND "TESTA DE
NEVILL."
Index Number.
Index Number.
Testa di
Teste de
Place Name.
Dowuada§.
NevilL
Place Name.
Dcmaday.
A'erOL
{ Y anion
—
731
(Yerde
\Hierda
—
407
1 Hantona .
655
—
496
—
jYedetcoth .
—
230
YetemaUm
—
556
\ Duueltona
. 1014
—
(Ylddthon .
\ Edetona .
—
192
Yedmareston
318
926
570
—
Yekesbum
371
436
Yowe
—
1621
Yekhesburn
Yendecoth
. 1139
690
262
Yuueslia .
776
/252
\253
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TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES.
Pakt III.
BT BDWARD WINDBATT.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1002.)
1701. John Cross.
August 30th, 1702. It was agreed by the brethren of this
mayor that he should be reimbursed all costs in the matter
of suits brought against him by Thomas Willing, Peter
Torr, and Nicholas Gay, who pretended. to have been duly
elected masters and councillors of the borough, and re-
quired to be sworn and admitted into office. It appears
that the case of Gay had been decided in the mayor's
favour, and the other cases remained to be tried. The
books of the Corporation record the dismissal of a number
of persons who appear to have claimed to have been among
the twenty men who were to be elected by the mayor,
masters, and burgesses to have power to make laws and
constitutions for the borough.
It is as follows : —
"Borough of Totnes.
"Whereas our late sovereign lady Queen Elizabeth by her
letters patents bearing under ye great seal of England date at
Westminster the first day of September in the eight and thirtieth
year of her reign did grant unto the Mayor and Burgesses of the
said Borough of Totnes divers Royalties and Royal grants
immunities privileges and advantages amongst other things that
for the future the said Mayor and fourteen Burgesses of the
said Borough should be named and called the Mayor Masters
and Councillors of the said Borough and that they should
have a perpetuall succession in such manner as by the said letters
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
326 TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES.
patents is directed and that the said Mayor Masters and
Councillors for the time being calling unto them twenty Burgesses
of the said Borough, if they would assent should have power
to make laws and constitutions for the said purposes mentioned
in the said letters patents. And whereas afterwards some doubt
did arise upon the construction of the said Charter and what
was the true and indubitable meaning thereof in relation to
the said twenty Burgesses the said Mayor and Burgesses by
a certain writing Poll under the Common Seals of the said
Borough bearing date the two and twentieth day of January
in the five and fortieth year of the reign of the said Queen
did order and agree (among .other things) that twenty Burgesses
inhabiting within the said Town should be elected by the good-
will and consent of the Mayor Masters and Burgesses of the
said Borough or the most part of them. And whereas William
Byrch Thomas Willing Peter Torr Nicholas Gay John Carter
William Payne James Cockey Alexander Trownson Edward
Rounsyball John Phillips William Predam John Cole Edward
Holwell Samuell Dynings William Bruford Christopher Rowe
Nicholas Davies Nicholas Croker Daniel Sowden and Stephen
Waymouth the twenty Burgesses now in being have been re-
spectively elected by the Mayor Masters and Councillors for
the time being without the concurrence of the rest of the
Burgesses of the said Borough contrary to the said letters patents
and the direction of the said ordinance and agreement. And
whereas William Byrch Thomas Willings Peter Torr Nicholas
Gay John Carter William Payne James Cockey Alexander
Trownson Edward Rounsyball John Phillips William Predam
John Cole Edward Holwell Samuell Dinings William Bruford
Christopher Rowe Nicholas Davids Nicholas Croker Daniel
Sowden and Stephen Waymouth have been duly summoned and
severally examined and required to show cause if they could
why they should not be removed and displaced from their said
respective places and having showed no reasonable cause for the
contrary thereof we the Mayor and the major part of the Masters
and Councillors of the said Borough whose name are subscribed
having duly considered the premisses have ordered adjudged
and decreed that they the said William Byrch Thomas WiUing
Peter Torr Nicholas Gay John Carter William Payne James
Cockey Alexander Trownson Edward Rounsybal John Phillips
William Predeam John Cole Edward Holwell Samuell Dyning
William Bruford Christopher Rowe Nicholas Davids Nicholas
Croker Daniel Sowden and Stephen Waymouth be removed
displaced and discharged and they are hereby severally removed
displaced and discharged from their respective places aforesaid
of being of the number of the twenty Burgesses aforesaid and
from any further attendance by reason thereof. Dated at the
Guildhall of the said Borough the eight and twentieth day of
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TOTNKS: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES. 327
August in the first year of the reign of our Sovereign Laxly
Queen Anne.
" John Cross Mayor
John Harlowin
Jo : Waymouth
Richd : Cockey
Joseph ffox
John Bruford
Roger Beryman
Edward Langworthy"1
During this mayoralty, Richard Vavasor, one of the
burgesses elected a master and councillor, is removed for
not taking the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper according
to the usage of the Church of England within three months
of election, and having the certificate of the minister and
churchwardens of the church where he took it.
1702. John Waymouth.
There is an account dated July, 1702, of Edward Lang-
worthy, of what was paid the workmen on the breach in
Totnes Weir, and the names of many women appear.
1703. Joseph Fox.
At the sessions, 26th October, 1703, Robert Burscough,
Archdeacon of Barnstaple and Vicar of Totnes, took the
oath of allegiance.
1704 John Bruford.
During this mayoralty Thomas Lye, Vicar of Broad-
hempston, produced the certificate of taking the Sacrament,
and took the oaths of allegiance and supremacy and against
transubstantiation. This would have been on taking some
office under the Corporation, probably the mastership of
the Grammar School, and he would probably be a relative
of Edward Lye, the celebrated Anglo-Saxon scholar, a
famous Totnes man.
1705. Roger Berryman.
At the sessions on 1st October, John Taylor, town clerk
of Totnes, and steward of the Hundreds of Haytor and
Coleridge, Devon, took the oaths of allegiance, etc.
1 Folio Mayor's Court Book, p. 365.
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328 totnes: its mayors and mayoralties.
1706. Edward Langworthy.
The Court Book records under date 27th September, 1706,
that it was agreed to pay the stamp duty of admission
of the following persons as freemen : Thomas Coulson, Esq.,
Popham Conway, Esq., Walter Bogan, Esq., Edward Yarde,
Esq., Francis Gwyn, Esq., the Eight Honourable Charles
Duke of Bolton, James Cross, Esq., the Honourable Major-
General William Seymour, Esq., Sir William Courtenay,
Bart. — then called by the name of William Courtenay, Esq.
— Arthur Champernoun, Esq., Edmond Beynell, Esq., and
Tristram Bowdage.
At the sessions, 13th January, 1706-7, Charles Taylor,
town clerk of Totnes and steward of the Court of the
Hundred of Haytor and of all other the Courts of the
Bight Honourable Sir Edward Seymour, Bart., took the
usual oaths, it is presumed on his appointment, which he
no doubt owed to the influence of Sir Edward Seymour.
At the next quarter sessions John Fabyan, gent., steward
of the several manors of Stoke Fleming, South Town,
Dartmouth, Eginswell, and Goveton, in the county of
Devon, delivered certificate of taking the Sacrament, and
took the usual oaths of allegiance, etc. The Mayor's Court
Book contains an account of £700 borrowed of John
Fownes, Esq., on mortgage of the mills, and how expended,
1707. William Payne.
John Amyatt mentioned as town clerk. 3rd October
1707, is a record of damage at Totnes Weir by flood as
f ollow8 : —
"Information being given this Court that the bank or piece
of work commonly called the Breach situate in the Higher or
Ware Marsh ye parish of Littlehempston was by reason and
means of ye late great Rains dampnifide, and would be of very ill
consequence if not timely repaired it was at this Court ordered
by the majority of the same vide!, the Mayor, Justice Mr.
Harlowin Mr. Berryman Mr. ffox Mr. Carter and Mr. Taylor
that the same be forthwith repaired, and that the said Mr. Carter
be the person to be employed in ye management thereof, and that
for that purpose have power and authority by himself or servants
to enter into any of the Quarries of the Manor of Hempston
Arundell and dig take and carry such quantities of stones from
the same as shall be needful for the said work and for his and
their indempnity, concerning ye same ye said Mr. Carter is to
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TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES. 329
have a deed for that purpose under ye common Seale of this
Borough."2
7th October, 1707. The deed indemnifying Mr. Carter
being produced by the town clerk and read by him, the
same was approved of by the mayor, justice, and all the
masters then present, except Mr. Symons, Mr. Pridam, and
Mr. Bruford, and afterwards the same was sealed with the
common seal of the said borough. During this mayoralty
the jury of the borough made the following returns : —
" We return Mr. Deputy Recorder our thanks for his speech,
but we must say that unless our former presentments were better
prosecuted we think his labour was spent in vain as well as our
time, we therefore desire our present presentment may be presented "
with effect or else for future we desire to be exempted from this
trouble. We present the late Mr. Mayor Mr. Edw : Lang worthy
for not examining the weights and measures and bread and for
not going abt to see good order kept.
"We present the Mayor and Magistrates for suffering John
Hooper still to divert the pot water of this town out of its
Ancient Course. We also present John Hooper for the same.
"We present for Inmates John Grills his Wife and two
children Edith Maddock Mary Cook and child James Young
Matthew Torr for entertaining Miriam Vincent. And Mr. Samuel
Violl for entertaining Samuel May. Edward Amyot for enter-
taining Charles Ffrankmore John Efford for entertaining John
Tom ; Abraham Hancock for an Inmate.
"We present for not going to church or other place of
publick worship John Harvey William Randle and Susanna
his wife Nicholas Osborn the carryer and Eliz : his wife and also
Lilias the wife of Nicholas Osborne the Cryer, Robert Maddock,
Wm. Lisson, John Clift the Taylor, the Widow Mary Laskey.
"We present for not going to Service Eliz: the daughter of
John Putt Dorothy and Eliz : the daughters of Wm. Richards
lately deceased Jane Estridge Nicholas Osborne the Cryer's two
daughters Susanna and Mary, Wilmot Ball's two daughters
Barbara and Susanna.
"We present for delapidations Mr. Smith for the house in which
Peter ffox now lives, the Mayor and Burgesses for the house in
which Lowry lately dwelt and for Bragg*s house on the Key.
We present the Mayor and Burgesses for not appointing Bridge
Wardens.
"We present the Collectors and the Overseers of the poor
together with the Churchwardens for not appointing monthly
meetings as the law directs." 3
9 Folio Court Book, p. 892. s Ibid., pp. 394, 395.
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330 TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES.
Wilmot Ball, whose two daughters were presented for
not going to service, appears to be the same Wilmot Ball,
widow of Anthony Ball, sexton of the parish, who on the
25th January, 1707, attempted to commit suicide by throw-
ing herself over Totnes Bridge — a circumstance which led
John Prince, the author of The Worthies of Devon, the Vicar
of Berry Pomeroy, to write a book, entitled Self-Murder
asserted to he a very Heinous Crime in opposition to all the
arguments brought by the Deists to the contrary, to which was
added an account of the preservation of Wilmot Ball, who
was rescued after throwing herself over the bridge into the
river and dragging her daughter with her.
In March, 1707, Thomas Willing Carpenter surrendered
his freedom of the borough, and Christopher Bowe his office
of one of the twentymen of the borough. 3rd April, 1708,
a new recorder was elected, in the room of Sir Edward
Seymour, Bart., deceased, when Francis Gwyn, Esq., received
five votes and John Bellfield, Esq., four votes, and Mr. Gwyn
was declared elected. 28th April, 1708, Mr. Gwyn accepted
the office of recorder and took the oaths.
1708. Joseph Fox.
At the July quarter sessions, 1709, Eev. Nicholas Boe,
m.a., Bector of Haccombe, took the oaths on his appoint-
ment as master of Totnes Grammar School and lecturer.
1709. Boger Berryman.
14th February, 1709-10. It was agreed that the lecturer,
Mr. Boe, should preach on the first Thursday of every month
instead of Sundays. 25th February, 1709-10, the appoint-
ment of Mr. Boe as lecturer was confirmed and as school-
master of the borough and town of Totnes.
22nd October, 1709. Mr. Gwyn, the recorder, appointed
Francis Drew, of the city of Exeter, jun., Esq., deputy
recorder.
1710. Edward Langworthy.
"At the Court of Edward Langworthy Esq Mayor of the said
Borough held at the Council Chamber there the 21st day of
December 1710 It is this day ordered by the majority of the
Masters and Councillors of the said Borough that the agreement
lately made in this Chamber with Mr Arthur D'Anvers about
the Dilapidations of the Vicaridge House be performed by this
Corporation, the which agreement was to this effect that the Cor-
poration should pay unto the said Mr D'Anvers the sum of ffive
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
TOTNKS: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES. 331
and fiforty pounds and the costs and charges he hath been at in
ye prosecuting for the same which amount to eight pounds seven-
teen shillings and three pence, And it is therefore ordered by us
that the said -several! sums of money be paid to him the said Mr
D'Anvers by the said Mr Mayor or other person having money in
his hand of this Corporation's, and that the same be allowed on
the passing his account.
" Edward Langworthy Mayor
Robt. Symons
Gregory Bowdon
Richard Cole
Danll Sowden
Jno Amyatt "4
Mr. James Buckley, postmaster of Totnes, made the usual
declaration, evidently on appointment as postmaster.
1711. William Clement.
15th October, 1711. Giles Elston, steward to Robert
Lord Peter, Baron of Writtle, for the several manors of
Brent, Kingsbridge, and Churchstow, made the usual de-
clarations.
1712. Richard Cole.
In November Francis Drew, the deputy recorder, was
made a freeman, and there is the subsequent entry in the
Court Book as follows : —
" N.B. — Mr Drew doubting of the legality of his being made
free as above did move it in the Chamber 21 Sept 1713 there
being then present Richard Cole Esq Mayor, Wm, Clement,
John Harlowin, Robert Symons, Joseph Fox, Edward Langworthy,
John Carter, Daniel Sowdon, and John Amyatt Masters and
Councillors who all except Mr. Symons agreed to his being made
free whereupon the said Mr. Drew was again sworn "
During this mayoralty, 16th April, 1713, it was ordered
that all alehouse-keepers who did not grind their malt corn
at the town mills should not be permitted to keep any
alehouse or public-house.
1713. Daniel Sowden.
10th May, 1714. Samuel Whalley, an inhabitant of the
borough, Vicar of Broadhempston, made the usual de-
clarations.
4 Quarto Court Book, p. 23.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
332 totnes: its mayors and mayoralties.
1714. Joseph Fox.
1715. Edward Pridham.
This year there was a dispute as to the churchwardens,
and the entry relating to it is : —
"Borough of Totnes.
"At the Court of Edward Pridham Esq Mayor of the said
Borough held at the Council Chamber there the 30th day of
September 1715 present Mr Mayor, Mr ffox, Mr Symons, Mr
Berryman, Mr Cole, Mr Sowden, Mr Amyatt and Mr Buckley
Junr fforasmuch as Mr William Cornish and Mr Daniel Marriott
the present lawfull and undoubted Church Wardens of the
Borough and Parish of Totnes aforesaid have been very wrong-
fully and unjustly presented in the Spirituall or Arch Deacon's
Court of Totnes aforesaid relating to the said office of Church
Wardens and have been very Arbitrarily Excommunicated by
the Surrogate of the said Arch Deacon's Court pending an
inhibition of the Bishop's Court of Exeter we now taking the
said Matter into Consideration do think it reasonable and do
therefore so order adjudge and decree that the said Mr Cornish
and Mr Marriott be indemnified and discharged in the said pre-
sention and matters aforesaid by and at the cost of the Corpora-
tion of Totnes and that the said inhibition be presented in the
most advisable method unless the Surrogate or other persons
concerned against the said Church Wardens shall comply and
agree with them as in justice they ought.
" N.B. Mr. ffox and Mr. Berryman
refused to sign. " Ew. Pridham Mayor
Robt. Symons
Kichd Cole
Danll Sowden
James Amyatt
Jas Buckley Junr."6
There is an entry as to deeds and documents which had
been taken away by Eoger Berryman, Edward Langworthy,
William Payne, and Joseph Fox, and as to proceedings to
recover them.
1717. Jambs Buckley, Jun.
At the July sessions, 1718, Christopher Pridham, officer
of the customs at Totnes, and William Fabyan, writing-
school master, took the oaths. At the sessions, 21st Sep-
tember, 1718, Samuel Cruys, of the Inner Temple, London,
brought his appointment by Francis Gwyn, Esq., recorder,
* Quarto Court Book, p. 35.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES. 333
as deputy recorder. An order was made to treat the
bishop on his coming to Totnes to hold his visitation.
1718. Nicholas Trist.
The Church Walk House in Totnes being in a ruinous
state, the mayor gave 30,000 bricks for rebuilding it. Mr.
Trist was of Bowden, Totnes, and in 1706 he brought an
action to obtain possession of seats in Totnes Church.0 In
1708 Mr. Trist was sheriff of Devon, and an order was
made to send the sergeants-at-mace to attend on Mr. Trist
at the assizes. In 1717 Mr. Trist accepted the office of
master and councillor, and it was agreed " in respect of his
quality " he should take place next to the justice for the
time being, and be called in all meetings and assemblies of
the Corporation next after the justice (the ex-mayor).
1719. John Clarke.
26th July, 1720. It was agreed to spend ten pounds on
a treat for the masters and freemen on 1st August, the day
of the inauguration of His Most Sacred Majesty King
George.
1720. Eichard Cole.
The Corporation ordered alterations in the parish church
as follows : —
" Borough of Totnes.
" At the Court of Richard Cole Esq Mayor of the said Borough
held at the Council Chamber there the 4th Sept a.d. 1721 present
Mr Mayor, Mr Clarke, Mr Pridham, Mr Trist, Mr Amyatt, Mr
Buckley, Mr Tremlett, Mr Gylberte, and Mr Wakeham, it is this
day ordered and agreed by the Worsh. the Mayor and majority of
the masters and Counsellours now assembled and mett together
that for the beautifying of the Parish Church of this Borough and
rendering the North and South Galleries or Lofts in the said
Church more Commodious and Convenient, that the fibre parts of
the said galleries be removed and placed back as far as the second
post or Timber that supports the same, and that a Gallery be
made a Cross the middle of the Church uniform in front and seats
with the North and South Galleries so placed back, and that four
large pews or seats be made in the front or foremost part of the
said galleries (viz) one pew in the space which now makes the
North gallery another in the space which now makes the South
gallery and two in the middle betwixt the said North and
South pews and two long seats behind each of the said flour Pews
6 Trans. Devon. Assoc vol. xix. 1887, p. 538.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
334 TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES.
rising gradually one above another and that the two old .Stair
Cases be pulled down and instead thereof there be erected new
Stairs and a door from the Church Yard through the West
Window near the Tower. And that the said Pews and Seats
when so altered and built be disposed of in manner foil (viz) The
Pew and two Long Seats in the North gallery be applied for
placing of all such persons as are at present seated or placed in
the present North Gallery, and the Pew and two Long Seats
in the South Gallery be in like manner applied for replacing
all such persons as are at present seated or placed in the sd
South Gallery, That the Nothermost front pew in the middle
be given to John Gylberte Esq for the sitting of himself and
family during his and their continuence to dwell and inhabit in
this town and in case he shall think it fit at any time hereafter
to remove with his family from the town and afterwards to come
again and inhabit in it in Such Case he and his family are again
to have and enjoy this said Pew free of all persons that may be
any wise placed there during his absence and That the Souther-
most front pew in the middle be reserved for the use of such of
the wives of the Masters and Councillors of this Borough as shall
think fitt to sitt therein and for such Strangers as the Mayor and
majority of the Masters and Councillors for the time being shall
in this Council Chamber direct and appoint, And that all the rest
of the seats and places in the said Gallerys as also the seats and
places of such persons as have at present any places in the said
Galleries as the same shall become vacant by death or otherwise
be for the future ordered and disposed of by the Mayor and
Majority of the Masters and Councillors for the time being in the
Council Chamber and no other wise and all seating or placing
contrary thereto to be void PROVIDED always that no person or
persons shall be hereafter seated or placed in any or either of the
Pews or seats of the said Gallerys, that shall not pay or contribute
towards the maintenance of the Vicar of this town according to his
her or their degree or quality. And whosoever being once seated
or placed there shall afterwards with draw or withhold his her or
their contributions from the Vicar (without just cause to be
approved of by the Mayor and Chamber) such person and persons
shall forfeit his her or their seat or place and any other person
or persons paying to the Vicar as aforesaid may be placed or putt
in his her or their room or stead ; and it is further ordered and
agreed That the sum of Thirty pounds and half a guinea be
allowed to Hugh Hawkes and Richard Square Carpenters (who
have undertooke to make the said alteration at that price) out of
the ffine or purchase money which the sd Hugh Hawke hath
agreed to pay to the Mayor and Burgesses of this Borough for the
house without Eastgate now in possession of Nicholas Lampen.
" It is also this day ordered and agreed That the Worshipfull
Richard Cole Esq the present Mayor have License and Liberty
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TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES. 335
given him to place a leaden pipe in the way leading to Harper's
hill for the Conveyance of part of the Spring of Water runing
under the said way into the Close or field of the sd Mr Cole near
the Cistern for the watering of horses and cattle depausturing in
the said field he so ordering it that the water do imediately
return to the cannell Lake of this town and none thereof be
willfully wasted.
"Richd Cole Mayor
John Clarke
Nicho: Trist
The mark of me
Edward E P Predam
he having the gout in his right hand
Jno Amyatt
Jas Buckley
Geo Tremlett
G Gylberte
Oliver Wakeham "7
1721. George Tremlett.
1722. Oliver Wakeham.
August 9th, 1722. It was agreed that in consequence of
the heaVy debts of the Corporation every succeeding mayor
should be allowed, out of the income of the weighing of
yarn and worsted, £40 a year, instead of the whole income,
towards the maintenance of his kitchen. And the mayor
was not to be obliged to treat the freemen on his election
day, and that the sessions dinner and all public treats
should be made with the greatest frugality possible.
1723. James Buckley.
1724. John Amyatt.
1725. John Clarke.
In 1725, on the occasion of an alliance between the
Emperor of Germany and the King of Spain, which was the
cause of one of the continental wars, a land tax of four shil-
lings in the pound was proposed to Parliament to enable the
Government to carry on the war, and among the petitions
which this proposal called forth was one from Totnes in
favour of the tax, in which the petitioners expressed their
willingness to contribute the other sixteen shillings rather
than submit to a foreign yoke. The address was printed in
1727 in London, and annexed was a copy of the address
7 Quarto Court Book, pp. 55-7.
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336 TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES.
versified, I presume by some local poet. On the title page
of the printed copy is the quotation —
" Look not askew at what it saith ;
There's no petition in it — faith/ — Prior.
On the publication of the address with the versified copy
a parody on it was published entitled The Totnes Address
Transversed by Captain Gulliver. The full petition is as
follows : —
"The Humble Address of the Mayor, Aldermen, Burgesses, etc
of the Town and Borough of Totnes, in the County of
Devon.
"To the King's Most Excellent Majesty.
" Most Gracious Sovereign,
"We Your Majesty's most Dutiful and Loyal Subjects, the
Mayor, Aldermen, Burgesses, and Principal Inhabitants of the
Town and Borough of Totnks, in the County of Devon, humbly
beg leave to approach Your Royal Presence, to testify, on the
present Juncture of Affairs, our outmost Detestation and Abhor-
rence of the clandestine Machinations and Confederacies, form'd
by the Emperor of Germany and King of Spain, against Your
Majesty's Royal Person and Government, the Trade and Privileges
of these Kingdoms, and the general Peace and Tranquillity of all
Europe.
" Such destructive Schemes, too black to be publickly own'd,
and yet too true to be absolutely deny'd, cannot but be Matter of
the greatest Surprise and astonishment to the present, and all
future Ages,- that shall see or hear of them, and know, that the
same were contrived by two Princes, in whose Quarrel all
Christendom hath already been deluged in Blood, and exhausted
of Immense Treasures ; and who, in return, are now setting the
World in fresh Flames, by an unnatural joining of Hands, to
raise an Exorbitant and Formidable Power in themselves, with
Views to oppress and Injure their Quondam Allies, and chief
Instruments of setting them on their respective Thrones.
"But, alas, their vain, vaunting Menaces, and Threats of
Spanish Armadoea, and German Hosts, are too Chimerical to
AJfrighten and Terrify your Ever-Valiant Britons : Especially
when we consider the consummate Wisdom of Your Majesty,
in contracting such powerful Alliances, and taking such early
Precautions, for the Safety of Your People; The true British
Zeal of Your Glorious Parliament and the indefatigable Pains
and Industry of Your most Incomparable Ministry.
"Or, when we call to Remembrance, how that our single
County hath heretofore, in like critical Times, furnished Your
Royal Predecessors with a Renowned Drakb, whose Name the
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES. 337
Sons of Spain still Tremble to hear; and of later Years, with
a Churchill (the immortal Marlborough,) to whom Hochstedt
witnesseth, that all Germany owes its Preservation, and the
Head of it his now Imperial Greatness ; which Heroes, tho' now
Laid down in the Dust, Your Majesty hath still a Waobr and a
Hosier, whose gallant Actions we promise our selves, will give
the Spaniards equal Cause to remember them. And our Borough
now sends to Your Senate, a Wills ; who, as he has been the
Scourge of Perfidious Rebels at Home, will, we doubt not, on
Occasion, with like Courage and Success, Vanquish and Confound
all Your Majesty's Faith-breaking Enemies Abroad.
"The Four Shillings per Pound Land-Tax, set on us by Your
Parliament, is so far from making us anywise Uneasy, that we
shall not only pay it with the greatest Chearfulness imaginable,
but also readily add the other Sixteen, and every thing else that
is Dear and Valuable to us, as a Frkewill-offbring for the
Publick Service, rather than that such Provoking Indignities,
and Insulting Threats, shall ever be offered to Your most Sacred
Majesty, or the British Nation, on behalf of a Spurious Popish
Pretender, whom, as We, and All Your Loyal Subjects, have so
frequently and deliberately abjured, we are resolutely determined
to oppose, to the very Last Breath of the longest Liver of us all,
that so if ever, which Heavens forbid ! he should at last happen
to succeed there shall not then remain one Protestant Briton left
for him to exercise his Tyrannical Usurpation over.
"These, may it please Your Majesty, are our Solemn Vows,
and Unalterable Resolutions; and our most earnest prayers to
the Almighty Kino of Kings, are, and constantly shall be, That
long, very long and prosperous, may be Your Majesty's Reign
over us; and that, whenever it shall please God to take Your
most Sacred Majesty from this Your Earthly Crown to a
Heavenly Diadem, Your Royal House may never want a Prince,
of equal Virtue Piety, and Magnanimity, to sit on the Throne
of these Realms, by whom the many Blessings and Unspeakable
Happinesses we now enjoy under Your Majesty's Most Glorious
and Auspicious Reign, may be perpetuated to our Children and
latest Po8teritie8.,,
1726. John Gylberte.
1727. John Amyatt.
11th October, 1727. £30 was voted for treat in the
Guildhall and Council Chamber, and bonfires and ringers
on account of the coronation.
1728. William Payne.
September 21st, 1728. Charles Taylor, of Marridge,
Devon, barrister-at-law; produced appointment of himself
VOL. xxxiv. Y
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
338 TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES.
by Francis Gwyn, the recorder, as deputy recorder.
23rd December, 1728, it was ordered that the parish
church be put in good repair.
1729. Christopher Pridham.
1730. John Clarke.
There is a record that this mayor, with the consent of
his brethren, discharged John Harris, apprentice to Peter
Colton, of Totnes, cooper, his master having misused, evil
entreated him, and very often beaten, kicked, and bruised
him immoderately.
1731. James Teape.
1732. Eichard Vavasor.
In February, 1732-3, order made to mend the breach in
the head weir. Among those who took the usual oaths and
declarations was Peter Gaye, of Totnes, one of the Masters
Extraordinary of His Majesty's High Court of Chancery.
1733. John Fox.
During this mayoralty there arose a dispute between
Mr. John Clarke and Mr. William Payne as to which was
senior alderman, and a case was stated and referred to a
Mr. Hussey, and the record is as follows : —
" Memorandum. That upon the Expiration of Mr John Clarke's
Justiceship which was on the one and twentieth day of September
1732 there arose a dispute between Mr William Payne and him
which of them should have the precedency, Mr Payne claiming
it as being the Senior Alderman and Mr Clarke as having been
twice chosen Mayor before Mr Payne was. So, Upon which
after several debates of the Matter at the Courts and Assemblies
of the Corporation it was at length mutually agreed. That there
should be a true and Indifferent state of the case drawn up and
laine before Thomas Hussey Esquire Barister at Law at the
Expense of the Corporation, for his opinion thereon, which with
both parties did promise and agree to acquiesce and be determined
and accordingly the case was stated with the lettters A.B. signifying
Mr. Payne and CD. signifying Mr. Clarke, and being approved
of by both was sent to Mr. Hussey who soon after gave his
Opinion in writing thereon in favour of Mr. Payne which Case
and Opinion follow in the words and Figures Following, to wit,
"A case which both parties have agreed to leave to your
Indifferent determination.
"In the Corporation of T. are 14 Masters and Councillors
commonly called Aldermen whereof one is annually Elected Mayor,
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TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES. 339
who is always the year following sworn in a Justice of the peace
for that year as the Charter directs.
"In 1714. A.B. was chosen Alderman.
1717. CD. was chosen Alderman.
1719. CD. was chosen Mayor.
1725. CD. was chosen Mayor a Second time.
1728. A.B. was chosen Mayor.
1730. CD. was chosen Mayor a third time.
"Note CD. having been Mayor before A.B. did soon after
his first Mayoralty and Justiceship expired take place of A.B. as
having been first in the chair and has so continued to this time,
but A.B. having since been Mayor, and the Mayoralty and
Justiceship of both A.B. and CD. being now expired A.B.
insists to take place again of CD. as having now been also in the
Chair.
" Query. Therefore who shall now have the precedence in this
Case whether A.B. or CD.
" I think ye precedence belongs to A.B. For tho during the
Mayoralty and ye Justiceship ye precedency goes with those
offices as being Superiour to the Office of an Alderman. Yet
when those cease the precedence of the Aldermen takes place
according to their seniority. « j^0 . Hussey.
"8berye4thl733."8
At the general election this year there was a contest, the
result being as follows : —
"For the Right Hon. Charles Wills Knight
of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath 49.
For Joseph Danvers Esq. 46.
For Arthur Champernoune 3."
1734, September 20th. George Treby, Esq., was elected
recorder in the place of Francis G-wyn, deceased.
1734. James Buckley.
1735. John Amyatt.
During this mayoralty it was found that the sending
covered dishes by the mayoress to the aldermen's wives
at the four general quarter sessions of the borough was
attended with inconvenience. It was agreed to discontinue
same, and instead thereof —
" If Mrs. Mayoress for the time being think fit she do invite
the Aldermen's wives on the Queen's birthday in the afternoon
annually to drink coffee tea chocolate wine etc with her at the
Mayor's house or any other day she shall think fit."
8 Folio Court Book, p. 537.
y 2
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
340 TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES.
There is the following entry in the Court Book in rela-
tion to a claim by a Totnes cider merchant for repayment
of the duty paid on cider which had been shipped to
London, and the vessel and all the crew were lost in a
storm. It is as follows: —
" Complaint being made unto this Court by John Southard of
Totnes aforesaid cyder merchant that on the sixth day of January
now last past he shipt off and sent from Totnes aforesaid ninety
casks of cyder containing 5418 gallons on board the ship Golden
Pippen of Topsham Ambrose Taylor Master bound for London
for which the sum of ten shillings and eight pence by the hogs-
head amounting to £45 .17.4. was charged upon the said John
Southard by Francis Bonn the officer of excise at Totnes aforesaid
and that the said ship was on the eighth day of the said month of
January unfortunately cast away in a violent storm and all the
men perished and the ship and all the cyder lost and not the least
advantage made thereof by the said John Southard or any other
person whatsoever NOW forasmuch as this Court hath this day
Examined into the said complaint and the Truth thereof hath
been made appear in open court upon oath, This Court doth there-
fore adjudge and order That the said sum of £45 .17.4. being the
duty of ten shillings and 8 pence by the hogshead for the said
ninety casks of cyder be paid unto the said John Southard or his
order in writing or discounted and allowed to him on his accounts
by Harthory Brudenell Gentleman Collector of his Majesty's duty
of Excise for the South Division of the said County of Devon or
other Collector or Pro visor of the Excise should for the time being
according to the Laws and Statues of this Realm in that Behalf
made and provided GIVEN under our hands and seals in the
Court of the General Quarter Sessions of the Peace at Totnes
aforesaid the twenty ninth day of October in the ninth year of
the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second and in the
vear of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and thirty five
1735." 9
1736. William Cuming.
Mr. George Treby, the recorder, appointed Nicholas Trist,
Esq., deputy recorder.
1737. Nicholas Trist.
October 10th, 1737. Eeverend Mr. William Taunton
was appointed master of the Grammar School and lecturer
in place of Mr. Roe, deceased.
9 Folio Court Book, 559.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
totnes: its mayors and mayoralties. 341
1738. Christopher Predam.
1730. Benjamin Amyatt.
There occurs an instance of a woman being whipped for
larceny. The entry is as follows : —
" Borough of Totnes The Court of ye General Quarter Sessions
of ye Peace of our Sovereign Ld King George the Second held by
adjournment for ye Borough and Parish of Totnes in ye Guildhall
there on Wednesday ye 20th day of August in ye 14th Yr of ye
reign of his sd Majesty and in ye year of our Lord 1740 before ye
wpfull Benjamin Amyatt Esq Mayor of ye sd Borough and Christ-
opher Predam Esq two of His Majesty's Justices of ye Peace of
the sd Borough whereof one is of ye quorum.
" It is ordered by this Court yt Joane ye wife of Thomas Adams
of Bickington in ye County of Devon husbandman who was this
day indited tried and legally convicted in this Court of a petty
larceny in feloniously stealing within this Borough one Bell Metall
Skellet of ye value of six pence and one brass skellet of ye value
of ffour pence the goods of Anne Cockey of Totnes aid widow be
for ye said offence remanded to ye common goal of this Borough
and there safely kept untill ye next publick markett day being
Saturday ye twenty third day of this instant August and on yt
day between ye hours of one and three of ye clock in ye afternoon
taken from ye said goal and carried to ye corn markett of ye said
borough and there stript naked from ye middle upwards and pub-
lickly whipt by ye. Portreeve or his Deputy from ye said corn
markett to ye higher end of ye ffish shambles of this Borough
and ye constables of ye said Borough are ordered and required by
this Court to see said punishment duly inflicted and to be aiding
and assisting to ye said portreeve or his deputy therein. Given
under ye hands and seals of his said Majesty's two Justices of ye
Peace the day and year ffirst above written.
" Benja Amyatt Mayor
Christo : Predam Justice." 1
1740. John Claeke.
During this mayoralty there was a general election, and
there was a contest, the result being —
" For the Right Honourable Sir Charles Wills, Knight
of the most Honourable Order of the Bath . 46
For Joseph Danvers, Esq. . . . . 45
For Browse Trist, Esq. . . 1."
1 Folio Conrt Book, 579.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
342 totnes: its mayors and mayoralties.
1741. James Teape.
An election took place to supply the vacancy caused by
the death of Sir Charles Wills ; the only candidate was the
Honourable Sir John Strange, His Majesty's Solicitor-
General, who was returned.
1742, 20th September, Christopher Predam was chosen
recorder in the room of the Honourable George Treby,
deceased. Several lists of mayors state Mr. Teape died
during his mayoralty, and James Buckley was appointed.
This is clearly a mistake, as he signs the book on the
appointment of his successor and after.
1742. Richard Legassich.
8th August, 1743. The Duke of Bolton proposing to
visit Totnes, the mayor was authorised to entertain him.
The cost was £25.
25th June, 1744. An order was made to treat the Bishop
of Exeter. The cost was £12.
1743. John Phillips.
19th September, 1744. Mr. Teape resigned the recorder-
ship, and on 21st September Bichard Legassich was chosen
in his place.
1745. Bichard Vavasor,
16th September, 1746. Mr. Phillips resigned as recorder,
and Peter Gaye was elected on 18th.
1746. James Teape.
26th November. Peter Gaye was unanimously elected
town clerk and steward of the borough and manor of
Totnes. It was during this mayoralty Mr. Teape died, and
William Cuming
was on 29th January, 1746-7, elected for the remainder of
the year. Mr. Teape was buried 23rd January.
There is a memorandum in the Court Book dated 31st
March, 1747, of the enrolment of an indenture of appren-
ticeship, made 30th November, 1743, whereby Thomas
Winsor, son of Henry Winsor, of Ipplepen, fisherman,
bound himself apprentice to Bichard Burnard, of Harberton,
mariner and fisherman, for seven years, and the master
agreed to teach the apprentice in the art of fishing at New-
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TOTNES: ITS MAYORS AND MAYORALTIES. 343
foundland, and at the end of the apprenticeship promised
to give him three suits of apparel throughout with one
greatcoat and a suit of lether stuff and a sea-chest and
bedding and one guinea in money.
1747, 17th June. It is recorded that John Dyer, Gentle-
man, one of the masters and councillors, Christopher
Predham the younger, Esq., Provost Marshal General of
England, Samuel Teape, Gentleman, deputy postmaster
of Totnes, took the usual oaths. This year at the general
election there was a contest, the result being : —
" Sir John Strange, Knight . . 57
Charles Taylor, Esq. . . . . 50
William Rowley, Esq. . . . 11."
1747, 15th September. Peter Gaye resigned the recorder-
ship ; 19th September, Browse Trist was elected in his place.
1747. John Clarke, jun.
8th February, 1748. Thomas Knowling, of Stoke
Gabriel, yeoman, was convicted on the information of
John Clarke, jun., mayor, of swearing an oath, and fined
two shillings.
1748. Richard Legassich.
On May 27th, 1749, Knowling was convicted a second
time, on the oath of John Clarke, senior, of " cursing two
prophane curses," and paid four shillings.
12th July, 1749. There is an entry in the Corporation
books as follows : —
"Whereas the Mayors of this Corporation in times past have
been accustomed at their feasts or entertainments for the said
corporation to entertain them with two courses which hath not
only been attended with a great expense, but been very trouble-
some to the family, for remedy whereof for the future It is this
day agreed and ordered, that no Mayor for the times to come shall
at any suchlike entertainment be obliged to find or provide more
than one course the same being adjudged full sufficient."
1749. William Chadder.
Sir John Strange, Knight, one of the M.P.'s for the
borough, was on appointment as Master and Keeper of
the Rolls in Chancery re-elected.
1750. Christopher Predam.
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AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON.
BT MAXWELL ADAMS.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1002.)
INTRODUCTORY.
The favourable reception accorded last year by several
members of this Association to my "Index to the Topo-
graphical and Historical Literature of the City of Exeter,"
has emboldened me to make another bibliographical at-
tempt, and as we are holding our meeting in a North
Devon town, it seemed to me that an index to the literature
relating to the northern portion of the county might not
be altogether unacceptable.
In the present index I have taken literature to include
books, pamphlets, chap-books, broadsides, local magazines,
reports of local institutions, papers printed in the trans-
actions of societies and in local periodical publications
(such as Notes and Gleanings, The Western Antiquary, and
Devon Notes and Queries), sermons, if they contain bio-
graphies or some local reference, Acts of Parliament, local
Acts, etc. I have excluded references to articles in
magazines and reviews, as they are so numerous that to
include such would unduly swell the bulk of this paper, and
make the index cumbersome. It would be more convenient
to index such articles separately. For the same reason,
works on general subjects, not relating to North Devon,
written by North Devon authors, or printed and published
in North Devon, if they contain no local reference, have
been excluded. But exceptions are made in favour of early
and curious works by local authors or locally printed.
As the expression "North Devon" is somewhat indefinite,
I have taken the northern portion of the county to consist
of the fifteen most northerly hundreds, namely: — Braunton,
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
PRINTED LITERATURE RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 345
Sherwill, South Molton, Fremington, Shebbear, Hartland,
Black Tonington, North Tawton, Crediton, Witheridge,
Batoipton, Tiverton, Halberton, Hemyock, and West Bud-
leigh.
The index will explain itself. The full title of any work,
with a few exceptions, is given under the name of the
author, and I trust the cross-references are sufficient to
trace the particulars of any work that may be required.
That there are many omissions, it goes without saying,
for " to the making of bibliography there is no end." But
if members interested in this subject will kindly send me
particulars of any omissions or errors they may observe, we
may hope in time to accumulate sufficient materials for a
fairly exhaustive bibliography.
I have again to thank many friends for their kind help,
and in particular Mr. J. Brooking-Bowe, Mr. A. J. Davy,
Dr. Grose, and Mr. T. Wainwright.
THE INDEX.
Explanation of Abbreviations used.
D.A. = Transactions of the Devonshire Association.
D.N. & Q. = Devon Notes and Queries.
E.D.A.S. = Transactions of the Exeter Diocesan Architectural
and Archaeological Society.
N. & G. = Notes and Gleanings.
W.A. = Western Antiquary.
Eoman figures refer to the volume and Arabic figures to
the page, except in the case of the Transactions of the
E.D.A.S., where the first figure denotes the series, and the
second figure the volume of that series.
A[dams] (H.W.) The Tour in North Devon of Brown (Wright),
Jones (Baldwin), Robinson (Adams), and Smith (Tootell).
Dedicated respectfully to the families of the above-named
gentlemen. By H. W. A. London, 1862.
Appleton (E.). Encroachment of the Sea at Westward Ho!
D.A. 1877.
Archers. Society of North Devon Archers. Rules and List of
Members. Bideford, 1849.
Arecott. John Arscott of Tetcote Esquire and his Jester, Black
John. Plymouth, 1880.
Abhworth (K). The Ancient Manor House of Wear Gifford.
(E.D.A.S. I. vi.)
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
346 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Ashworth (E.). Notes on some of the Churches of North Devon.
(ED.A.S. II. v.)
. Holcombe Court and Church of Holcombe Rogus.
(E.D.A.S. I. vi.)
The Churches of the Deanery of Plymtree. (E.D.A.S.
II. i.)
Awliscombe. A Sermon preached on the Establishment of a
Sunday School in the Parishes of Awliscombe and Buckerel.
By Thomas Roskill, a.b., Vicar of Awliscombe. Exeter, 1787.
Baddbley (M. J. B.) and Ward (C. S.). North Devon and
North Cornwall. Guide from Exmoor to Land's End. Sm. 8vo.
1882. Another Edition, 1883.
Ballingbr'8 Bijou Guide to Barnstaple. Edited by H. W. Strong.
1890.
Banfibld'8 Shilling Guide to North Devon. Edited by Kev.
G. Tugwell. n.d.
. Guide to Ilfracombe and Neighbourhood. Illustrated.
12mo. Ifracombe, n.d.
Ban field (J.). Views of North Devon. ObL fol. n.<L
Baring-Gould (Rev. S.). The Warkleigh Tabernacle. (E.D.A.S.
II. v.)
Barnstaple. Local Act for Improving and Regulating the
Borough of Barnstaple. Folio. Privately printed. 1811.
. Road Acts, 1763, 1784, 1806, 1827, 1829.
. The Relative Age of the Barnstaple and Petherwin Beds.
(1861.) See Pengelly.
. Ballinger's Bijou Guide (1890). See Strong.
. Report of the Show of the Bath and West of England
Society at Barnstaple in 1859. 1859.
. Barnstaple Bay, Raised Beaches in. (D.A. 1867.) See
Pengelly.
. . Submerged Forest and Pebble Ridge in. (D.A.
1868.) See Pengelly.
Bribery Commissions. An Act indemnifying Persons who
shall give evidence before the Lords Spiritual and Temporal,
on the Bill for preventing Bribery and Corruption at the
Election of Members to serve in Parliament for the Borough
of Barnstaple. 1819.
— . . Report of the Select Committee on the
Barnstaple Election. Ordered by the House of Commons
to be printed. Fol. 9th March, 1819.
— . . Report of the Proceedings of the Royal Com-
mission appointed to inquire into the existence of Corrupt
Practices at the Election for Barnstaple in 1852, &c. pp. 202.
12mo. Barnstaple, 1853.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 347
Barnstaple. Barnstaple and the Northern Part of Devonshire
during the Great Civil War, 1642-6. (1889.) See Cotton, R. W.
. Barnstaple during the Civil War. Exeter, 1889. See
Jones.
. A Short Historical Sketch of the Town of Barnstaple,
&c. pp. 44. 12mo. Barnstaple, 1855.
. The Fiddle on its own hook, as a Musical Instrument
per 8e ; also in its relation to other instruments, which, led by
the First Fiddle, produce that most enlivening compound known
as Ball Music. Barnstaple, n.d.
— — . Another Edition. The Fiddle on its own Hook, &c.
A Poem, by Amphion Viol, of Stringston. 12mo. 12 pp.
Barnstaple, 1874.
. Guild of St. Nicholas at Barnstaple. (D.A. 1879.) See
Clianter.
. Barnstaple Literary and Scientific Institution. Catalogue
of the Library. 1863.
Rules and Regulations of the Barnstaple Literary Institute,
1864.
— . Rules, Reports, etc., of the same. 3 vols. 1845-79.
— . Memorials of Barnstaple (1830). See Gribble.
— . Memorials of St. Peter's Church at Barnstaple (1882).
See Chanter.
Antique Frescoes in St. Peter's Old Church, Barnstaple.
By J. R. Chanter. (W.A. v. 75).
— . A Short Historical Sketch of the Town of Barnstaple.
By C. Wills. 8vo. Barnstaple, 1855.
Rambles round Barnstaple by A. M. L. in 1865. pp. 36.
Cr. 8vo. Barnstaple, 1865.
— . Sale Catalogue of Pictures and Books at Bickington
Villa. Barnstaple, 1853.
North Devon Athenaeum. Catalogue of the Books pre-
sented to the Library by Mr. J. R. Chanter. Barnstaple, 1891.
— . Barnstaple Records. See Waimoright.
— . Parish Registers. (D.A. 1895.) See Harper.
— . Barnstaple Register (chiefly medical) by J. Harper. (D.A.
1899.)
A Miscellany of New Poems. By R. Luck, m.a. (Master
of Barnstaple School). 8vo. London, 1736.
. "Barnstaple." A Poem. By the Rev. Richard Taprell.
12mo. pp. 115. Barnstaple, 1806.
An Exchequer Tally : a Barnstaple Record of 1622. (D.A.
1880.) See Chanter.
— . Plan for supplying the Town of Barnstaple with River
Water. Barnstaple, 1797.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
348 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Barnstaple. The Dapiad, a Mock Heroic Poem, in six cantos, by
J. Randall Sm. 4to. pp. 75. Barnstaple (Avery), 1806.
["Dedicated to the Inhabitants of Barnstaple, . . . This
humble attempt to add lustre to the high dignity to which
our town is already elevated."]
. The Stag Hunt and other poems. By Rev. C. Hill.
Barnstaple (Syle), 1813.
. The Town Disappointed by R. March (relating to the
Square). Single sheet. Barnstaple (Avery), 1813.
An Epitome of Observations on the Corn Laws and the
Revival of the Property Tax, by T. Hogg, to which is added his
declaration to the Freemen of Barnstaple, July, 1813. 8vo.
pp. 19. Barnstaple (Syle), 1813.
— . The Barnstaple Miscellany. Serial (1 vol. completed),
pp. 352. Commenced October 3rd, 1823. 22 numbers.
Barnstaple (Syle), 1823-24.
The Crackling Goose. Serial (2 numbers only completed).
Barnstaple (Syle), 1823.
— . The Universal Medley. Edited by Thomas Mortimer.
Begun January 12th, 1824 (3 numbers published), pp. 72.
Barnstaple (Syle), 1824.
The Gossip. Begun December 10th; ceased December
24th, 1823 (3 numbers published). Barnstaple (Purchase),
1823.
. Punch in Barnstaple. One number published. 4to. Barn-
staple, December, 1852.
. A Lecture delivered at the Opening of the Barnstaple
Mechanics' Institute by T. Mortimer. Barnstaple (Avery),
1831.
. A Collection of the Addresses, Squibs, etc., circulated
at the Election in 1832. With a correct list of the Voters who
polled, pp. 77. 8vo. Barnstaple (Cornish), 1833.
. Report of an Action tried at the Devon Lent Assizes,
1833, for Libel. Thorne v. Avery. With prefatory Observa-
tions by Benjamin Botherem, ll.d. pp. 24. Barnstaple, 1833.
Suggestions for increasing the Supply of Water and for
improving the Sewerage of the Borough of Barnstaple. By
A. Rowe, Surveyor, pp. 28. 8vo. Barnstaple, 1849.
— . A Lasting Jewell for Religious Women : a Sermon preached
at Barnstaple in the County of Devon, 1 1 Nov. 1628, on Proverbs
xxxi. 10, at the Funeral of Mrs. Mary Crosse, wife of Henry
Crosse, of Barnstaple. With a Description of her Life and
Death. By William Compton. 4to. London, 1629.
A Sermon preached at the Funeral of the Rev. William
Compton, Lecturer at Barnstaple. By George Hughes, m. a.,
Vicar of St. Andrew's, Plymouth. 4 to. London, 1642.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 349
Barnstaple. Sermon preached at Barnstaple vpon the occasion
of the late happy success of God's Church in Foraine Parts.
By G. H., d.d. With curious woodcut device on Title. 4to.
Printed for R. Allot, 1632.
. The Earnest Plea for Peace and Moderation. In a Sermon
preached at Barnstaple, in Devon, to the Ministers and others
occasionally there assembled, Oct. 17th, 1661. By Martin
Blake, b.d. London, 1661.
. Discourse at Barnstaple in Devon. By M. Blake. Sm.
4to. 1661.
[Rev. M. Blake was Vicar of Barnstaple 1623-73.]
. A Sermon preached in the Parish Church of Barnstaple
on the Death of the Rev. S. Thompson, late Vicar there. By
R. Luck. Sm. 4to. Exeter, 1734.
. A Sermon preached at Barnstaple. Feb. 6, 1756, being
the Fast Day on account of the late Dreadful Earthquakes.
With other Sermons. By Joseph Bailer. 8vo. 1756.
. Death Conquered; or The Christian's Triumph. A
Sermon occasioned by the death of the Rev. Joseph Benson,
preached March 4th, 1821, in the Methodist Chapel, Barnstaple.
By James Odgers. 8vo. Barnstaple, 1821.
. Barnstaple Pamphlets and Sermons, 1852-60. [In the
North Devon Athenaeum, Barnstaple.]
. Speculum Mercativum, or the Young Merchant's Glass.
By John Every of Barnstaple. Folio. 1674.
. Sketches of the Literary History of Barnstaple. (Barn-
staple, 1866.) See Chanter.
. Striking Incidents in the History of Barnstaple. (Barn-
staple, 1865.) See Chanter.
. Barnstaple, 1837-1887. See Gardiner.
. A Letter from the Rev. James Py croft to the Ratepayers
of Barnstaple on the Public Health Act. pp. 29. Barnstaple
(Jenvey), 1853.
. A few words on Art Education, addressed to the Members
of the Barnstaple Literary and Scientific Institution by one of
the Committee (R. W. Cotton), pp. 20. 8vo. Barnstaple,
1854.
. Doddridge's Library at Barnstaple. By W. P. Hiern.
(N. & G. ii. 49.)
. Arms of Barnstaple. By R. W. Cotton. (N. & G. iv. 151.)
. Municipal Heraldry and Insignia. By J. R. Chanter.
(W.A. iii. 206.)
. Municipal Regalia. By J. R. Chanter. (W.A. iv. 61.)
St. Anne's Chapel, The Grammar School. (D.A. 1867.)
See Johnston.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
350 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Barnstaple. Supernatural. Strange Signs from Heaven seene and
heard in Cambridge, &c. Miraculous Wonders Seene at Barn-
stable &c. Whereunto is annexed severall Apparitions seene in
the Aire &c. 4to. London, 1648. Reprinted. 4to. London,
1658.
. See Hall.
Berrynarbor. An Act for the Exoneration from or Commutation
of Tithes in the Parish of Berrynarbor. 49 Geo. III. c. 50.
1809.
. Bill for Vesting the Estates in the Parish of Berrynarber
(*te), the property of Thomas Berne, Esq., deceased, in Trustees
for sale. . . . Fol. Temp. Q. Anne.
Bishop Jewel's Birthplace. By the Kev. Treasurer
Hawker. (D.A. 1879.)
— . The Manor House, Berrynarbor. By the Rev. Treasurer
Hawker. (D.A. 1879.)
— . loannis Ivelli Angli, Episcopi Sarisburiensis vita et mors
eiusq . . . Laurentio Humf redo auctore. 4to. Londini, 1573.
— . Iuelli adversus Th : Hardingum volumen ; . . . Huic
prsefixa est Auctoris vita et mors . . . Laurentio Humfredo
auctore . . . Fol. Genevan, 1585.
— . Operum Theologicorum loan. Ivelli . . . Tomi Duo.
. . . Huic prsefixaest Avctoris vita et mors &c. Fol. Geneva
and Basle, 1600.
[Translated into Latin by G. Whitaker; the Life by Lau-
rence Humfrey.]
The works of . . . John Jewell . . . and a briefe dis-
course of his Life. Engraved Title-page. Fol. London, 1609.
. The works, &c. (as above). Fol. London, 1611.
. The Apology of the Church of England . . . made
English by a Person of Quality (Degory Whear). To which
is added The Life of the said Bishop, collected and written by
the same hand. Portrait. London, 1685.
. An Apology, &c. ... by the Rt Rev. John Jewell, d.d.
... By the Rev. Stephen Isaacson, b. a. ... To which is pre-
fixed a Memoir of his Life and Writings, &c. Portrait.
London, 1825.
. The Life of Bishop Jewell, by C. W. Le Bas, m.a.
London, 1835.
. The Works of John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury. Edited
for the Parker Society by the Rev. John Ayre, m.a. London,
1850.
[Contains a Memoir of Bishop Jewel.]
. The Life of Bishop Jewel. London (S.P.C.K.), 1850.
Bickington. The Rectors of High Bickington. See Dredge.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 351
Bickleigh. See under Carew (Bampfylde Moore),
Bideford. The Accession Service and the Proper Constitutional
Authority for prescribing Forms of Prayer to be used Publicly
in the Church ; being a Correspondence of the Curate of Bide-
ford with the Mayor and with the Editor of Woolmefs Exeter
and Plymouth Gazette, 8vo. London, 1852.
. Free Public Library Rules and Catalogue. Bideford,
1880-3.
. Tedrake's Guide to Bideford and North Devon. Bide-
ford, 1894. Second Edition, Bideford, 1895.
— . Kingsley's Country. A Guide to Bideford and District.
Bideford, 1894. Third Edition, Bideford, 1896.
The Trial of Jeremiah Hill, Esq., for Heresy, before the
Church of Christ in Bideford. 12mo. 24 pp. May 2nd,
1793.
History of Bideford. Exeter, 1792. (Reprinted Bideford,
1883.) See WatHns,
— . History of Bideford. (Bideford, 1883.) See Granville,
— . History of Bideford. (D.A. 1884.) See Worthy,
— . Rectors and Patrons of Bideford. See Dredge,
- — . A Funeral Sermon Occassioned by the Much Lamented
Death of Mr. Philip Cornish of Bideford in the County of
Devon, who deceased Feb. 4, 1714. By William Bartlett.
London, 1714.
. Abner's Thoughts after the Battle of Gideon. A Sermon
preached in the Parish Church of Bideford, in Devonshire, on
Thursday the Fifth Day of May, being the day appointed by
Proclamation for a General Thanksgiving to Almighty God,
&c, &c. By John Whitfeld, m.a., Rector of Bideford.
London, 1763.
Sermon at the Funeral of Mr. Abraham Donn, Teacher of
Writing, Arithmetic, &c, in Bideford, Devon. By James
Hervey. 8vo. 177.\
— . Sermon preached at Bideford, April 26th, 1807, on the
Death of the Rev. Samuel Lavington, who died April 18th,
aged 81, by Richard Evans, of Appledore : To which is added
an Extract from a Sermon delivered also at Bideford on the
same occasion by William Rooker, of Tavistock. London, 1807.
— . The Benefit of Early Affliction. A Discourse delivered
at Bideford, June 26th, 1831, on the occasion of the death of
Samuel Lavington Rooker, son of the Rev. Samuel Rooker, of
Bideford. By William Rooker. To which are added Extracts
from his Diary and Letters. 8vo. London and Tavistock,
1831.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
352 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Bideford. A Funeral Sermon preached at Bideford for Mr.
Brayley, by Samuel Short; with a recommendatory Preface
by Mr. Joseph Mullet of Exeter. 1701.
. Presence of God in Death. A Sermon on the Decease of
Mr. Lavington Rooker. With Extracts from his Diary and
Letters. By the Rev. Dr. J. Pye Smith. Bideford, 1824.
. Reminiscences of the Life, Travels, Trials, Wanderings,
Sufferings, and Eccentricities of Master George Staveley, son
of a respectable tradesman of Bideford, Devon. 1848.
. A True and Impartial Relation of the Informations against
Three Witches, viz Temperance Lloyd, Mary Trembles, and
Susanna Edwards, who were indicted arraigned and convicted
at the Assizes holden for Devon at the Castle of Exon, Aug. 14,
1682 with their several Confessions taken before Thomas Gist,
Mayor, and John Davie, Alderman of Biddiford in the said
County, where they were inhabitants : as also their Speeches
Confessions and Behaviour, at the time and place of Execution
on the 25th of the said month. 4to. London, 1682.
. The Tryal Condemnation and Execution of Three Witches
vizt. Temperance Floyd (i.e. Lloyd) Mary Floyd (i.e. Trembles)
and Susanna Edwards who were arraigned at Exeter on the 18th
of August, 1682. And being proved Guilty of Witch Craft,
were Condemn'd to be Hang'd, which was accordingly Executed
in the view of many Spectators, whose Strange and much to be
Lamented Impudence is never to be forgotten. Also how they
Confessed what mischiefs they had done, by the assistance of
the Devil, who lay with the above-named Temperance Floyd
Nine Nights together. Also, how they Squeezed one Hannah
Thomas to Death in their Arms. How they also caused several
Ships to be cast away, causing a Boy to fall from the Top of a
Main Mast into the Sea. With many Wonderful Things, worth
your Reading. 4to. (London), 1682.
. Reminiscences of the Life and Death of Captain Henry
Clark, who was interred in Bideford Churchyard. Broadside.
1836.
. Memoir of Mr. John Hobbs, a native of Bideford. n.d.
. Perkins* Illustrated Almanac Bideford, 1881-3.
. See also North Devon, Parry.
Bishop's Nympton. See Nymet Episcopi.
Blaokmore (R. D.). Perly Cross : a Tale of the Western Hills.
8vo. London, 1894.
. Lorna Doone : a Romance of Exmoor. 25 Editions.
London, 1883, etc.
. Tales from the Telling House. 8vo. London, 1896.
Borough, Steven, the Navigator. (D.A. 1880.) See Cotton.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 353
Botany of North Devon. See Larter.
Bow. An Act enabling the Trustees under the marriage settle-
ment of Bouchier Marshall and Elizabeth, his wife, deceased,
to effect a Sale of the Advowson of the Church of Bow, other-
wise Nymet Tracy. 11 Geo. IV. & 1 W. IV. c. 24. 1830.
Bradfield House [near Cullompton]. (E.D.A.S. II. i.) See
Hayvxxrd.
Bradninch. John Cowslade, of Bradninch. By J. S. Attwood.
(N. & G. iii. 106.)
Bradworthy. Fourtie Articles in the High Court of Parliament
against William Lang who was Vicar in the Parish of Brad-
worthy in the County of Devon but now prisoner in the City
of London. With a Petition to the Right Honorable House of
Commons showing the odiousnesse of his life and actions,
desiring that his triall may not be prolonged nor his Execution
hindred being one of the Tribe of Lordly Bishops. 4to.
London (Printed for Thomas Bates in the Old Bay ley), 1641.
[In this Petition, which is by Robert Judd on behalf of him-
self and the parishioners of Bradworthy, it is said that William
Lang began life as a sand-carrier. He subsequently became Vicar
of the parish and Sheriff's Bailiff at the same time. Soon he
forged warrants and ran away to Ireland. He got a man called
Hunny to personate him and go before the Bishop, who gave
him pardon and power. He next turns solicitor, preaches on
Sundays, and goes to London as a pettifogger. He threatens
his congregation with actions, and is paid £40 by some to keep
on good terms. Any who oppose him are poisoned. He hires
a miller to read prayers, a " taylor " to preach for him. At his
vicarage he opened a public -house and made money by the
sale of liquors for four years ; while in church his daughter
used to get up and catechise the congregation.]
Brampford Speke. Letters to the Churchwardens of Brampford
Speke by Bishop Phillpotts. 1850.
. List of Contributors to the Bramford Speke Fund, with
Abstract of Accounts of Receipts and Payments. London
(Private Circulation), 1851.
. The Church Discipline Act made an Instrument of Vexa-
tion to the Clergy in the Diocese of Exeter. Remarks connected
with an Inquiry into a Charge made against the Vicar of Bram-
ford Speke under a Commission by the Bishop of Exeter with
the proceedings of the Commission, June 4, 5, 7, 1856. ... By
G. C. Gorham, b.d. London, 1856.
. The Humble Reply of the Churchwardens of Bamford-
Speeke (sic) to His Honor the Bishop of Exeter. [No printer's
name or place.] 1850.
[Lines in affected rustic doggerel, with preface and notes.]
VOL. XXXIV. Z
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
354 AN INDEX TO THB PRINTED LITERATURE
Brampford Speke. The Character of Acceptable Prayer; the Joyful
Sound ; and Attendance in the House of God. Three Sermons
at Bramford Speke, Devonshire, on March 13th, 1853. With
a Preface on the Rebuilding of the Church. Frontispiece,
pp. 81. 8vo. London, 1853.
Bratton Clovelly, Manors in. (D. A. 1895.) See Whale.
Braunton Acts. (Inclosures) 1811 ; (Roads) 1829.
Braunton and other Poems. See Mortimer.
. The Wreck on Braunton Sands. 8vo. (1865.) See
Hartley.
See Dymond, PTiear.
Brat (Mrs.). Hartland Forest. A Legend of North Devon.
Frontispiece. 8vo. London, 1871 and 1884.
Bratlby (G.). Memoirs of the Granvilles of Stowe. Barnstaple,
1858.
Britton (John). Extract from the Beauties of England and
Wales (relating to the North Devon coast). 8vo. Bristol,
1832. (Barnstaple Athen. Library.)
Broadbury and its Ancient Earthworks. (D.A. 1893.) See
Martin.
Broadhembury. An Elegy on the Death of the Rev. Mr.
Augustus Montagu Toplady, a.b. By T. W. London (1778).
. A memoir of some principal Circumstances in the Life
and Death of the Reverend and Learned Augustus Montagu
Toplady, b.a., late Vicar of Broad Hembury, Devon ; to which
are added, written by himself, " The Dying Believer's Address to
his Soul " and his own last Will and Testament London, 1778.
. . Third Edition, 1779.
The Reverend Mr. Toplady's dying Avowal of his religious
Sentiments. London, 1778.
— . Memoirs of Augustus Toplady, a.b., Vicar of Broad Hem-
bury, Devon : with his last Will and Testament and an Elegy
on his Death by John Fellows. London, 1791.
— . . Third Edition. 1813. [There were several sub-
sequent editions.]
— . The works of Augustus Toplady, a.b., late Vicar of Broad
Hembury, Devon. Memoirs of his Life. 6 vols. Portrait.
8vo. London, 1794.
— . . Another Edition. 1825.
— . A Course of Prayer for each day in the Week. By the
Rev. Augustus Montague Toplady. With an Essay on his Life
and Writings. By J. Watkins, ll.d. London, 1832.
Life of the Rev. Augustus Montague Toplady, Vicar of
Broad Hembury. London (Religious Tract Society), n.d.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 355
Broadwood Kelly. A Family Story from the Register of. By
W. Cotton. (N. & G. i. 3.)
Bru8Hfibld (T. K). Who wrote the "Exmoor Scolding and
Courtship "t (D.A. 1888.)
Buckland. The West Buckland Year Book and Kalendar for
1857. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. South Molton, 1857.
Burlescombe. Inclosure Act, 1809.
Canonsleigh. (D.A. 1892.) See Elworthy.
Capbrn (K, Rural Postman of Bideford). Poems. Post 8vo.
. 2nd Edition, enlarged, 1856.
. Other Editions, 1859 and 1869.
Ballads and Songs. Post 8vo. 1858.
. Another Edition, 1859.
Wayside Warbles. Post 8vo. 1865.
. Second Edition, 1870.
Sungleams and Shadows. Post 8vo. First Edition, 1881.
Caraboo : A Narrative of a Singular Imposition by Mary Wilcox.
(Bristol, 1817.) See under Witheridge.
Carew, Bampfylde Moore (native of Bickleigh). A Brief Relation
of the Adventures of Mr. Bampfyeld Moore Carew, for more
than Forty years past King of the Beggars. London, n.cL
. An Apology for the Life of Bampfylde Moore Carew (son
of the Rev. Mr. Carew of Bickley. . . . Taken from his own
mouth. London, n.d. [An Address to the Reader signed
B. M. Carew.]
. The Life, Voyages and Adventures of Bampfylde Moore
CaTew. . . . Collected and amended from his own Writings,
by Thomas Price of Poole in Devon (sic). To which is added
a Dictionary of the Cant Language used by Mendicants.
Portrait. London, n.d.
. Adventures of B. M. Carew, for more than Forty Years
King of the Beggars. Woodcut. Newcastle, n.d.
. . Another Edition. Edinburgh, n.d.
. The Life and Adventures of B. M. Carew, the noted
Devonshire Stroller and Dog Stealer, as related by Himself
during his Passage to the Plantations in America. . . . Portrait.
4to. Exon., 1745.
The Accomplished Vagabond: or Compleat Mumper:
exemplify'd in the bold and artful Enterprizes, and Merry
Pranks of Bampfylde Moore Carew. Oxford, 1745.
. An Apology for the Life of B. M. Carew. London, 1749.
. An , Apology for B. M/ Carew ; King of Mendicants.
London, 1749.
z 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
356 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Carew, Bampfylde Moore (native of Bickleigh). An Apology for
the Life of Mr. Bampfylde Moore Carew, commonly calTd the
King of Beggars, &c. Folding Portrait London, n.d.
. Apology for the Life of B. M. Carew (son of the Rev.
Mr. Carew of Bickley) commonly known as the King of Beggars
and Dog-Merchant-GeneraL London (? 1750).
. Apology for the Life of B. M. Carew, containing his Life
from the age of 15, his Travels in Europe and America, with
an Account of the Origin, Language, Laws, Customs, <fec, of
the Gypsies. Folding Portrait. 1758.
. . Eighth Edition, 1768.
. . Ninth Edition. London, 1775.
. The Life of B. M. Carew, &c. . . . London, 1804.
. A Brief Relation of the Adventures of Mr. B. M. Carew.
. . . Woodcut on title-page. Glasgow, 1808.
. The Surprising Adventures of B. M. Carew. . . . Por-
trait, Vignette, and 2 Plates. London, n.d.
. . Another Edition. Tiverton, 1812.
— . The Life and Adventures of B. M. Carew. . . . Giving
a particular Account of the Origin, Government, Laws and
Customs of the Gypsies with the Method of Electing their
King ; and a Dictionary of the Cant Language. London, n.d.
Other Editions were published in 1745, 1770, 1771, 1775,
1779, 1782, 1785, 1788, 1789, 1793, 1798, 1802, 1803, 1805;
Tiverton, 1812, 1813, 1827, 1831, 1835, 1847. All differing
in matter, form, title-pages, and illustrations.
The History and Curious Adventures, &c. . . . With
Portrait of Carew as Frontispiece as "Mad Tom." Leisure-
side Library. London, n.d.
— . The Life, Voyages and Adventures of Bamfylde Moore
Carew. By Thomas Price. Portrait, n.d. (17 — .)
— . The Life of B. M. Carew (Caulfield). Portrait Royal
8vo. 1819.
Bamfylde Moore Carew. Portrait Bideford. n.d.
Chafe, Thomas of Doddescott in St Giles in the Wood (D.A.
1888). See Jones.
Chafe Family. (D.N. & Q. i. 129, 163, 249.)
Champun (J. Denison). Chronicles of the Coach : from Charing
Cross to Ilfracombe. 1886.
Chanter (Rev. John Mill, Curate of Pilton). Sermon preached
at Newport Chapel, Barnstaple, November 23rd, 1834. 8vo.
Barnstaple, n.d.
Chanter, Rev. John Mill. In Memoriam, being Selections from
his Sermons and Occasional * Writings. Edited by his Eldest
Son. Portrait. 8vo. London, 1877.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 357
Chanter, Rev. John Mill. Wanderings in North Devon : being
Records and Reminiscences in the life of the Rev. John Mill
Chanter, m.a. oion. Fifty-one years Vicar of Ufracombe.
Illustrated and Edited by his daughter, Gratiana Chanter.
With a Preface by George Tugwell, m.a. oion., Rector of Bath-
wick. Portrait 8vo. Ufracombe, 1887.
Chanter (J. R). An Exchequer Tally ; or a Barnstaple Record of
1622. (D.A. 1880.)
. Report on the Harding Collection of Manuscripts re-
lating to Devon and Cornwall. (D.A. 1888.)
. Sketches of some Striking Incidents in the History of
Barnstaple, with a Plan. 8vo. Barnstaple, 1865.
. Archeology of North Devon.
. History of Lundy Island. (D.A. 1871.)
. Lundy Island : a monograph descriptive and historical.
With notices of its distinguishing features in Natural History.
8vo. London, 1877.
Memorials Descriptive and Historical of the Church of
St Peter, Barnstaple, with its other Ecclesiastical Antiquities ;
and an Account of the Conventual Church of St. Mary
Magdalene, &c 5 Plates. 8vo. Barnstaple, 1882.
. Sketches of the Literary History of Barnstaple, to which
is appended the Diary of Philip Wyot, Town Clerk of Barn-
staple from 1586 to 1608. 8vo. Barnstaple (1866).
. Tawton : the First Saxon Bishopric of Devonshire.
(D.A. 1875.)
. Vestiges of an Early Guild of St Nicholas at Barnstaple,
a.d. 1303. (D.A. 1879.)
. The Early History and Aborigines of North Devon, and
the Site of the supposed Cimbric Town Artavia. (D.A. 1867.)
. North Devon Customs and Superstitions. (D.A. 1867.)
Chichester Family. See Drake.
Chittlehampton. Cobleigh Memorials in the Church of. (D.N.
& Q. i. 212.)
. Saunder of Chittlehampton. (W.A. iv. 175.)
Chops (R. Pearse). The Dialect of Hartland, Devonshire, with a
map of the District. Royal 8vo. (Eng. Dialect Soc.) London,
1891, and (D.A, 1891).
. The Story of Hartland. 12mo. Hartland, 1902.
Civil War. A Declaration made by the Right Honble the Earle
of Bath, one of His Majesties Commissioners of Array to the
whole County of Devonshire, with their answer thereunto
annexed. Also the manner how the said Earle of Bath en-
deavoured to put the Commission of Array in Execution, at
Southmoulton in Devonshire, and how his men were driven
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
358 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
out of the Town by the Inhabitants thereof. . . . 4to. London,
Sept. 29 (1642).
Civil War. A Remonstrance or Declaration of the names of the
Knights and Gentlemen that take part with Sir R. Hopton and
other Delinquents. . . . Also the names of the Knights and
Gentlemen that stand well affected to the Parliament The
names of those which stand for the King. Sir Charles Wray,
Sir Robert Raynton, Mr. Pollard, Mr. Ingleby, Six John
Venner, Mr. Fortescue, Mr. Drake and others in the North
Part of the County. ... 4to. London, Octob. 29, 1642.
. The Humble Petition of the Lords and Commons
delivered to Charles I. at Colebrooke in Devonshire. With
his answer at Colebrooke. 4to. 12 Nov., 1642.
" A Victory obtained by the Inhabitants of Barnestaple
against Captn. Paulet. 4 to. London, Decemb. 20, 1642.
. A True and Perfect Relation of the Passages in Devon-
shire this Weeke (24 Feb., 1642). How all the Devonshire
Forces met at King's Bridge and marched to Modburie . . .
where they joyned with Bastoll (Barnstaple) and Biddifords
men, where they set upon Sir R. Hopton's Forces. . . . 4to.
London, 1642.
. The Taking of Tiverton, with the Castle, Church and
Fort> by Sir Thomas Fairfax on Lord's daie, Oct. 19, 1645,
with the Prisoners taken. . . . 4to. London, 1645.
. A Letter sent to the Honble Wm Lenthal Speaker of
the Honble. House of Commons, concerning the miraculous
taking of Tiverton Castle with the Church. Ordered by the
House of Commons assembled in Parliament to be printed.
Fol. Single sheet. London, October 23, 1645.
. General Fairfax's Letter to the honourable William
Lenthall, Esquire Speaker of the Honble House of Commons
concerning the storming and taking of Tiverton Castle and
Church. Together with a perfect List of the Commanders
and Souldiers that were taken Prisoners. Ordered by the
Commons assembled in Parliament to be printed. 4to. London,
Octob. 25, 1645.
. A Famous Victorie obtained by Sir Thomas Fairfax . . .
at Torrington in the West . . . Torrington Church blown
up. . . . Certified by Letters to the Speaker of the House
of Commons on Thursday last, the 19th of this instant
February, and the heads thereof published in severali Churches
about London. 4to. London, February 20, 1646.
. A True Relation concerning the late Fight at Torrington.
. . . Sent in a Letter to the Honble William Lenthal Speaker
of the Honble House of Commons and by him appointed to be
printed. 4to. London, Feb. 20, 1645 (1646).
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NOBTH DEVON. 359
Civil War. A Fuller Relation of Sir Thomas Fairfax, Rovting
all the King's Armies in the West ... at Torrington. . . .
Commanded to be Printed and are published according to
Order to prevent all false Copies. 4to. London, Febr. 21,
1645 (1646).
. Sir Thomas Fairfax's Letter to the Honble William
Lenthal Esq . . . concerning all the Passages of his Army
since his advance from Exeter, and the manner of Routing the
Prince's and the Lord Hopton's Forces at Torrington. . . .
Ordered by the Commons assembled in Parliament to be
printed &c. 4to. London, Feb. 24, 1645 (1646).
. The Discovery of the wonderfull preservation of his
Excellencie Sir Thomas Fairfax, the Army, the Records of
the Town, the Library, and Blessed Bible under the hands
of the Major (Mayor), Aldermen, Capt. and Schoolmaster of
Torrington in Devon. ... By John Haydon, Minister of the
Gospel A Portrait [Vera et viua Effigies Johannis Hey don.
Nat. 1629]. London, 1647.
. A more Fvll Relation of the Continved Svccesses of His
Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax, at and since the Routing of
the Enemies Forces at Torrington. . . . With the Resolution
and proceedings of our Army, for a present Assault against
Barnstable. ... 4to. London, 1645 (1646).
Man's badnes and God's goodnes ... by John Heydon,
Minister of the Gospel. The third Impression revised
and licensed by Mr. John Downeham and entered in the Hall
according to order. Together with a discovery of the wonder-
full preservation of His Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax, the
Army, the Records, the blessed Bible and the Library of the
Town, attested by the Mayor, Aldermen, Capt White and
Mr. Senior, Schoolmaster of Torrington in Devon. . . .
London, 1647.
. A Letter written by Sir Richard Grenvill (under his own
hand) To an honourable Person in the City of London con-
cerning the affairs in the West. Published by Authority. 4to.
London, April 17, 1646.
Order of the Commons in Parliament — Die Sabbathi 7
Martii, 1645. Whereas Thursday next is appointed for a day
of Publique Thanksgiving for the great mercy of God in giving
successe to the Parliament's Forces against the Enemy at
Torrington in Devonshire : &c. It is Thereupon ordered That
the respective Ministers within the Limits, where the said day
of Thanksgiving is appointed to be observed and kept; do
make mention of these se vera 11 mercies and successes and stirre
up the People to a due thankfulnesse for the same &c. Fol.
Single sheet. London, 1645 (1646).
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
360 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Civil War. Barnstable agreed to be surrendered to Sir Thomas
Fairfax: . . . These being true Copies of Letters examined
and Printed according to order of Parliament. 4to. London,
16 April, 1646.
. The Copie of the Articles agreed on for the Surrender of
Barnstaple. April 27. 4to. London, 1646.
Foure Strong Castles taken by the Parliament's Forces :
with the Copies of the Severall Articles and Letters of the Par-
ticulars thereof ... 3. The Copie of the Articles for the
Surrender of Barnstaple with all the Ordnance, Ammunition,
bag and baggage . . . &c. 4to. London, Aprill 27, 1646.
— . Five Wonders Seene in England. Two at Barnstaple . . .
The second Impression with additions and Certificate from
those who were eye-witnesses thereof. Published according to
order. 4 to. London, 1646. [A fanatical report of judgments
on certain Royalists.]
A Brief Declaration of The Severall Passages in the
Treaty concerning the Surrender of the Garrison of Lvndy.
Now under the Command of Tho. Bushell Esq, Governour
thereof for His Majestie. 4to. London, 1647.
— . . Another Edition. London, 1 652.
A Brief Declaration of the Severall Passages in the
Treaty concerning the Surrender of the Garrison of Lvndy,
formerly commanded by Tho. Bushell Esq. ; Governor thereof
for His Majestie — Die Sabbathi 10 Julii 1647. Ordered by the
Lords and Commons assembled &c. . . . H. Elsing, Cler. Par.
Dora. Com. 4to. London, 1647.
[Pardoning Thomas BushelFs delinquency and restoring his
estates, etc]
. A Letter to His Highness the Lord Protector from Cap-
tain Unton Crooke signifying the totall defeat of the Cavaliers
in the West under ... Sir Joseph Wagstaffe. Published by
His Highnesse Special Commandment. 4 to. London, 1654
(1655). [Dated Southmoulton, March 15, 1654.]
. Agreement for the Surrender of the City of Exeter . . .
With the Copy of the Articles for surrender of Portland and
the taking of Ilfordcomb, a Garrison of the Enemies neere
Barnstable. 4to. London, 13 Aprill, 1646.
Cobieigh Family. (D.N. & Q. i. 210, 244.)
. Memorials in Chittlehampton Church. (D.N. & Q. L 212.)
Cook (J.). Records of ye Ancient Borough of South Molton.
With Illustrations. 8vo. 1893.
Colby (Dr. F. T.). Colby of Great Torrington, Devon. Some
account of the Family and its alliances for Five Generations,
With an Appendix. 8vo. (Privately printed.) 1880.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 361
Colby (Dr. F. T.). Pedigrees of Five Devonshire Families—
Colley, Copplestone, Reynolds, Palmer, and Johnson. 4to.
Exeter. (Printed for private circulation.) 1884.
— — . Stevens of Vielstone, Cross, and Winscott (a pedigree).
4to. (Privately printed.) n.d. [1891.]
. Memoir of the late Thomas Colby, Esq., Capt in the
Royal Navy, and one of the Commanders of Greenwich Hos-
pital. Compiled from his own Memoranda by his son Frederic
Thomas Colby. Printed for private circulation. 1872.
. The History of Great Torrington. (D.A. 1875.)
. Torrington Worthies. (D.A. 1899.)
Colby Family. See Colby and under Coplestone.
Colebrooke in the Deanery of Cadbury by the Rev. George
Oliver, d.d. (N. & G. v. 13.)
. Church. (E.D.A.S. I. v.) See Harding.
. See under Civil War.
Collumpton. See Cullumpton.
Combemartin Silver Mines. By A. S. Kingdon. (D.A. 1867.)
Cooper (T. H.). Guide containing a Short Historical Sketch of
Lynton, Lynmouth, Ilfracombe, and places adjacent in North
Devon. With Map. 12mo. Barnstaple, n.d.
. Another Edition. 12mo. London, 1853.
. Another Edition. 1883. (In Barnstaple Athen. Library.)
Coplestone Family. Table showing Descent of Coplestone of
Woodland and of Colby of Great Torrington and the origin of
the Quarterings borne by Coplestone of Coplestone. Folio
sheet.
Coplestone Cross. See King.
Cornish (T. H.). Sketch of the Rise and Progress of the Prin-
cipal Towns of the North of Devon ; together with the Scenery
and Local Advantages. 8vo. Bristol, 1828.
A Sketch in humble Imitation of the celebrated Poetical, Pro-
saical, Philosophical, Historical, Biographical, Metaphysical, and
altogether remarkable "Rise and Progress of Principal Towns
and Villages in the North of Devon," &c. Bideford, 1829. [A
skit on the foregoing.]
Cotton (R. W.). Barnstaple and the Northern Part of Devon-
shire during the Great Civil War, 1642-1646. 8vo. (Privately
printed.) Chilworth and London, 1889.
Only 10 copies of the large-paper edition on handmade paper
and 100 copies of the ordinary edition were printed. This
work is therefore very scarce.
— . An Expedition against the Pirates. (D.A. 1886.)
. The North Devon Fleet in 1588. (D.A. 1879.)
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
362 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Cotton (R. W.). The North Devon Ships in 1588. (N. & G.
i. 87.)
. Steven Borough, the Navigator. (D.A. 1880.)
. On the Part taken by North Devon iii the Earliest English
Enterprises for the purpose of colonising America. (D.A. 1867.)
. The Oxenham Omen. (D.A. 1882.)
. A North Devon Cavalier's Expenses, 1642-6. (N. & G.
iii. 68.)
Crediton. The Church of St. Mary and the Holy Cross. (E.D. A.S.
II. iv.) See King (R. J.).
. A True and Strange Relation of a Boy, who was enter-
tained by the Devill to be servant unto him with the consent of
his Father, about Crediton in the West* and how the Devill
carried him up in the aire, and showed him the torments of Hell,
and some of the Cavaliers there, and what preparation there
was made for Goring and Greenvile against they came. Also,
how the Cavaliers went to robbe a Carrier, and how the Carrier
and his Horses turned themselves into Flames of Fire. With
a Coppie of a Letter from Major General Massie, concerning
these strange and wonderfull things, with a certain Box of
Reliques and Crucifixes found in Tiverton Church. One plate
(with a representation of Mercury). 4to. London, 1645.
The Dreadful wrath of God against Personal and National
sins manifested in the late Astonishing Storm and Tempest.
A Sermon preached in the Church of Crediton on the Fast-Day
January 19th, 170f. By Thomas Ley, Vicar of Crediton. 4to.
Exon., 1704.
■ The wisdom of winning souls by a Charity School, shewed
in several discourses lately preached at Crediton by Tho. Ley,
m.a., Vicar. 8vo. Exon., 1712.
. The Substance of Discourses delivered in the Parish
Churches of Crediton and Drewsteignton, Devon. By Rev.
R. H. Came. 8vo. Exeter, 1810.
. Sermon preach'd in the Church of Crediton at the Funeral
of John Cobley the Father, Jonh (sic) his son, Mary his
daughter who perish'd in the late fire in their own house of the
said Town, with Account of the Particulars. By Thomas Ley.
36 pp. 8vo. Exon. 1710.
[There are accounts given of some other fires in Crediton
about the same time.]
The Reasonableness of our present Fears of God's Judg-
ments : Sermons preach'd in Crediton Church, 16th Dec : 1720,
being the day appointed for a general Fast, for directing the
Judgments and for beseeching God to preserve us from the
Plague. By Thomas Ley. 36 pp. 8vo. Exon., 1721.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 363
Crediton. The Dissenter's Joy for the Preservation of the
Church of England. A Sermon preached in Crediton on Nov.
5th, 1714, when a Riot happened there in the Evening, and
now published upon occasion of a late Trial of the said Riot
With a Preface containing an Argument against the Divine
Right of an Uninterrupted Lineal Succession. By Josiah
Eveleigh, Minister of the Gospel in Crediton. Exeter, 1716.
. Afflictions Improved. A Sermon preach'd at Crediton, in
Devon, Aug. 21, 1743, being the Lord's Day after the dreadful
Fire which consumed the greatest part of that large and
populous town. To which is prefixed a short account of that
terrible Conflagration. By Micaiah Towgood. 8vo. Exeter
(Aaron Tozer) and London, 1743.
. . Second Edition the same year.
It is also reprinted in a volume entitled "Tracts on
Important Subjects, &c, by Micaiah Towgood, late Pastor of
the two united Congregations, Exeter," &c. Harlow, 1812.
— . A Sermon preached at Crediton, Devon, 1798, on the
Death of Mrs. Eliz. Rowe, by Joseph Bretland. 8vo. Exeter,
1798.
A Sermon preached at Crediton on the death of William
Hazlitt (the author) by J. Johns. 8vo. 1830.
. A Letter to James Wentworth Buller, Esq. By James
Mills. Exeter, 1853. [A pamphlet on local matters at
Crediton.]
. The Crawford Collection of Early Charters and Docu-
ments now in the Bodleian Library. Anecdota Oxoniensis.
Mediaeval and Modern Series. Part vii. By A. S. Napier and
W. H. Stevenson. Oxford (Clarendon Press), 1895.
[In this part many charters relating to Crediton will be
found.]
. A Statement of Facts respecting the administration of the
Crediton Tithe Trust and the application of Sir John Hay ward's
Charity. By one of the Twelve Governors of the Church of
Crediton. 4to. Exeter, 1809.
— — . God the Great Master Builder. A Sermon preached in
the Parish Church of Crediton on Thursday, Feb. 9th, 1860,
on the occasion of the opening of the new buildings in con-
nection with Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School and Sir John
Hayward's Charity for the Education of the Children of the
Poor, to which is prefixed a short account of the Two Founda-
tions. By the Rev. Charles Felton Smith, m.a. London and
Exeter, 1860.
. The Life and Death of Mr. John Rowe of Crediton in
Devon. London, 1673.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
364 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Crediton. Life of Mr. John Rowe of Crediton, Devon, who was
born in 1583 and died in 1660.
. Bishops of Crediton. See Pedler.
. Dews of Castalie. Poems by J. Johns of Crediton.
12mo. Exeter, 1828.
. See Davidson, Edwards^ Rowe, Smith.
Crump (C. C). The Morte Stone ; a Tale of the Coast based on
Facts. With a Remonstrance against the system of Wrecking,
&c. 3 Views of Morthoe. 8vo. 1850.
Cullumpton. Church of St. Andrew. (E.D.A.S. I. iii.) See
Delagarde.
. Public Charities. 12mo. Tiverton, 1825.
. Act for vesting a Farm and Lands in Cullumpton, late
the Estate of Robert Drew, Gent deceased, in Trustees in
order to convey the same to Henry Cruwys, Gent., pursuant to
an agreement with Mary Drew, widow, &c. 1747.
. A Sermon preached at Collompton, Sept. 21, 1794, on the
Death of the Rev: Samuel Morgan with the Address at the
Interment By Joshua Toulmin, d.d.
. Road Act. 1813.
Culme, Rev. John, Vicar of Knowestone and Molland. See
Molland.
Culme Valley Light Literature. A Controversy on a much
vexed Question. Exeter, 1874.
Culmstock. An Act to enable the Dean and Chapter of the
Cathedral Church of St Peter in Exeter and their Farmers
and Tenants, to make Leases of and in the Manor of
Culmstock. 1701.
Davidson (J. B.). Some Ancient Documents Relating to
Crediton Minster. (D.A. 1878.)
— . Some Further Documents Relating to Crediton Minster.
(D.A. 1882.)
Davibs (Rev. E. W. L.). Out-door Life of the Rev. John
Russell. A Memoir. London, 1878 and 1883. Another
edition, with coloured illustrations. Sq. 8vo. Exeter, 1902.
Delagarde (P. C). The Church of St Andrew, Cullumpton.
(E.D.A.S. L iii.)
. Two Papers on the Church of St. Andrew, Cullumpton.
Illustrated. 4to. (Reprinted from the Trans, of the E.D.A.S.,
1847-49).
. Supplement to an Account of St Andrew's Church,
Cullumpton, descriptive of its mural paintings. 6 coloured
plates. 4to.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 365
Dcnham (H. M.). Remarks and Sailing Directions relative
to Lundy Island and the North Coast of Devonshire
between Hartland Point and Combe-Martin. 8vo. Liverpool
(1832).
Devonia. (A magazine of Natural History). Parts I.-IIL,
Oct.-Nov.-Dec., 1895 (lithographed). Part IV., printed and
published by Eland, Exeter, June, 1896. Edited by
E. W. W. Bowell of Huntsham and E. H. Bazeley. The
Publication ceased after Part V.
Dialect of North Devon. " Jim and Nell" A Dramatic Poem
in the Dialect of North Devon, by a Devonshire Man [W.
Rock]. Post 8vo. (Privately printed) 1867.
. See, Brushfidd, Elworihy, Exmoor Scolding and Courtship,
Gwatkin, Palmer, Rock.
* Dialect of Hartland. See Chope.
Dob (G. M.). The Blowing up of Great Torrington Church,
16 Feb. 1645. (D.A. 1894.)
. Samuel Stodden. (D.A. 1895.)
Great Torrington during the Civil War ; being a Lecture
delivered at the Town Hall, Great Torrington. By George M.
Doe. Barnstaple, 1884.
A Few Pages of Great Torrington History, 1642-46.
Plymouth, 1896.
— . The Examination of Two Barrows near Torrington. (D.A.
1875.)
— . Great Torrington Commons. (D.A. 1899.)
— . North Devon Hussars. (D.N. & Q. i. 76.)
Torrington. (D.N. & Q. i. 143.)
Dolton. Font in Dolton Church, North Devon. (D.A. 1891.)
See Jones.
Downes (Rev. W.). Geological Notes upon the Exe Valley
Railway. (D.A. 1883.)
. Occurrence of Upper Devonian Fossils in Trias near
Tiverton. (D.A. 1881.)
. The Fossils of the Culm Measure Limestones around
Holcombe Rogus. (D.A. 1878.)
. The Limestones of West Leigh and Holcombe Rogus.
(D.A. 1879.)
The Occurrence of Barytes in the Culm Measure Lime-
stones of West Leigh. (D.A. 1883.)
. On a Newly-discovered Dyke of Mica-Trap at Roseash
near Southmolton. (D.A. 1884.)
Drakb (Sir W. R.). Devonshire Notes and Notelets, principally
Genealogical and Heraldic. n.d.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
366 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Drake (Sir W. R.). Fasciculus Mervinensis, being Notes historical,
genealogical and heraldic of the Family of Mervyn. With
heraldic illustrations. 4to. (Privately printed.) 1873.
. Notes on the Family of Chichester of Youlston Hall and
Arlington. 1886.
Dredge (Rev. J. I.). The Rectors and Patrons of Bideford in the
Deanery of Hartland. Exeter, 1895.
. The Rectors and Patrons of Alwington in the Deanery of
Hartland. Exeter, 1894.
. The Rectors and Patrons of Huntshaw in the Deanery of
Torrington. Exeter, 1892. (N. & G. v. 113.)
. The Rectors of High Bickington in the Deanery of Tor-
rington. Exeter, 1892. (N. & G. v. 97.)
— -. Frithelstock Priory in the Deanery of Hartland. Exeter,
1894.
. The Rectors of Littleham in the Deanery of Hartland.
Exeter, 1891. (N. & G. iv. 97.)
The Rectors of Wear Gifford. Exeter, 1890. (N. & G.
iii. 152.)
— . The Writings of Richard Bernard. Horncastle, 1890.
The Marwood List of Briefs, 1714-1774. Plymouth,
1893. (D.A. 1893.)
. The Rectors of Parkham, with biographical and other
Notes. 6 pp. 4to. Exeter, 1888. (N. & G. i. 10, 24.)
Dulverton. Origin of the Name. By J. H. Pring, m.d. (W.A.
iii. 123.)
DunkeswelL The Redemption of the Body. A Sermon preached
in the Parish Church of Dunkeswell on Sunday, August 20th,
1865, on the Death of Miss Simcoe eldest daughter of the late
Lieut-General John Graves Simcoe of Wolford Lodge, Devon.
By Richard Croly, m.a. Exeter, 1865.
DUN8FORD (M.). Historical Memoirs of the Town and Parish of
Tiverton in the County of Devon. Collected from the best
authorities with Notes and Observations. By Martin Dunsford,
Merchant. 4to. Exeter (Printed for the Author by T. Brice),
1790.
. . Second Edition the same year.
. . A New Edition re-modelled and continued by
George Boyce. Portrait and 2 Prints. Tiverton, 1836. [Issued
in parts, of which three only were published.]
. Miscellaneous Observations in the Course of Two Tours
through several parts of the West of England. 12mo. Tiver-
ton, 1800.
Dymond (R.). Customs of the Manors of Braunton. (D.A. 1888.)
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 367
Edgcumbb (Sir E. R. Pearce). Family Records relating to the
Families of Pearce of Holsworthy. . . . Compiled and illus-
trated by Sir E. R. Pearce Edgcumbe, Knight Bachelor. 4to.
1895. (Only 120 copies printed.)
Edwards (A.). Crediton Musicians. (D.A. 1882.)
Ellis (H. S.). On a Flint Find in a Submerged Forest of Barn-
staple Bay near Westward Ho ! (D.A. 1866 v.)
Elworthy (F. T.). On the "Exmoor Scolding." (D.A. 1880.)
. Exmoor Scolding and Courtship, etc., 1879.
. Canonsleigh. (D.A. 1892.)
Evan8 (H. A.). Hand List of the Plants occurring within Seven
Miles of Westward Ho ! 1881-86.
Evered (P.). Staghunting with the "Devon and Somerset,"
1887-1901. An Account of the Chase of the Wild Red Deer
on Exmoor. Illustrated by H. M. Lomas. Demy 8vo. London
and Exeter, 1902.
Exbourne. Notes on the Manor and Parish of Exbourne. Com-
piled for the Teign Naturalists' Field Club by Sir Roper
Lethbridge. Sept. 3rd, 1901. 8vo. Exeter (1901).
. The Deed of Foundation of the Church House. By Sir
Roper Lethbridge. (D.N. & Q. i. 145.)
Exe River. Picturesque Views on the River Exe. Seven
Coloured Views by D. Havell after Haseler. 4to. Tiverton,
1819.
Exmoor, Exploration of. See Page.
. The Home of the Doones, with 10 woodcut illustrations
of Exmoor Scenery, etc., illustrating Lorna Doom. 10 pp. 8vo.
(From Harper's Magazine for 1882.)
. Exmoor: or the Footsteps of St. Hubert in the West
(1849). See Hall.
Staghunting on Exmoor. See Evered, Fortescue, Jefferies,
and under Staghunting.
— . Guides. See Murray, Ward, Worth.
— . The Country of the Wild Red Deer : Dulverton and the
Exmoor District. By F. J. Snell, m.a. Map. 12°. London
(Homeland Association), 1 900.
— . . Second Edition, 1901.
An Exmoor Scolding; in the Propriety and Decency of
Exmoor Language between two Sisters, Wilmot and Thorn asin
Moreton, as they were spinning. 4 to. Exon., 1746.
— . Exmoor Courtship ; or a suitoring Discourse in the Devon-
shire Dialect and mode near the Forest of Exmoor. 4to. Exon.,
1746.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
368 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Exmoor. An Exmoor Scolding, &c. Also an Exmoor Courtship, &c
Sixth Edition. Exeter, 1768. [Printed 1668 in error.]
. . Seventh Edition. ' With historical Preface, Notes,
and Glossary. Exeter, 1771.
. . Eighth Edition. Exeter, 1771.
. . Ninth Edition. Exeter, 1782.
. — — . Tenth Edition. Exeter, 1788.
. Another Edition, with Collateral Paraphrase.
1793.
— . . Another, 1794.
— . . Another Edition, with a translation into plain
English. 12mo. Exeter, 1795.
— . . Another Edition. 33 pp. Sm. 8vo. Exeter
(Brice), 1802.
— . . Another. Reprint of the Seventh Edition in
1771. pp. 60. Exeter, 1818.
— . . Other Editions. Exeter, 1827 and 1830.
Another. Reprint of the Eighth Edition in 1771.
London, 1839.
. . Twelfth Edition. Post 8vo. 1839.
. . See also Brushfield, Elworthy.
Filleigh. An Act Vesting certain Lands belonging to the Earl
Fortescue in the parish of Filleigh, and a Parsonage House to
be built on the same, in the Rector of the Parish, in exchange
for the old Parsonage House and certain Glebe Lands. 54 Geo.
III. c. 204. 1814.
Fortbscub (Hon, J.). Records of Staghunting on Exmoor. Illus-
trated by E. Giberne. Large post 8vo. 1887.
Fortescue Family. History of the Family of Fortescue in all its
Branches. By Lord Clermont. With portraits, views, and
plates of monuments and facsimiles, woodcuts, and pedigrees.
1869. Second Edition. Imp. 8vo. 1880.
Fowler (H.). On the opening of an Ancient British Barrow
at Huntshaw. (D.A. 1867.)
Fowler (Rev. H.). Biographical Notice of the late Mr. Thomas
Fowler of Torrington, with some account of his Inventions.
(D.A. 1875.)
Frithelstock Priory. See Dredge.
Frizell (Rev. R.). Narrative of the loss of the Ship William
wrecked near llfracombe. With a Sermon on the Crime of
" Wrecking " and other sermons. Frontispiece. 8vo. 1826.
. A Narrative of the Loss of the Ship William of
Amsterdam, commanded by C. H. Rooseboom, which was
wrecked on her voyage from Rio de Janeiro to Antwerp near
the Port of llfracombe in Devonshire. Written in French by a
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 369
Dutch lady, a passenger, and translated by the Rev. Richard
Frizell, a.m. London, 1827.
Gardiner (W. F.). Barnstaple, 1837-1887. Illustrated. 8vo.
Barnstaple (Ralph Allan), 1897.
Geology of N. Devon. See Hall, Jukes.
Gould (R. D.). Towers of North and North-West Devon.
(E.D.A.S. I. ii.)
Granville (Rev. Roger, m.a., Hector of Bideford). The History
of Bideford : compiled from various sources. Reprinted with
various additions and corrections from the Bideford Weekly
Gazette. Cr. 8vo. Bideford, 1883.
. The History of the Granville Family traced back to Rollo,
First Duke of Normandy. With Pedigrees, Names of the
Family Quarterings, &c. Containing a large number of Letters
of Eminent Personages of the 16 th, 17 th and 18th Centuries
and Illustrated with 30 Portraits, &c. 8vo. Exeter, 1895.
. The Life of the Honble. & Very Rev. Dennis Granville,
d.d., Dean and Archdeacon of Durham, and Chaplain in
Ordinary to His Majesty King Charles II. Sq. 8vo. Exeter,
1902.
Granville Family. Memoirs of the Grenvilles (sic) of Stowe. By
a Bidefordian. Barnstaple and Bideford, 1858.
. Memoirs of. See Brayley, Granville.
Granville. Sir Beville Grenville, the Knight of the West: a
Biography in Outline. Launceston, 1884. See Bobbin.
. Sir Richard Grenville's Tercentenary. By Rev. W. S.
Lach-Szyrma. (W.A. viii. 207.)
. The Last Fight of the Bevenge and other Memoirs of
Richard: Grenville. See Markham.
Bibliotheca Curiosa. Edited by Edmund Goldsmith.
The Last Fight of the Bevenge and the Death of Richard
Grenville (a.d. 1591), related by Sir Walter Ralegh, Sir
Richard Hawkins, Jan Huygen van Linschoten, Lord Bacon,
Sir W. Monson : together with the Most Honourable Tragedie
of Sir Richard Grinville, Knight, by Gervase Markham (1595),
to which is added Sir R. Granville's Farewell (circa 1543).
1886.
Letter of Lady Grenville, 1643. By A. H. A. Hamilton.
(N. & G. ii. 140.)
Great Torrington. See Torrington..
Grenville. See under Chranville.
Gribblb (J. B.). Memorials of Barnstaple: being an Attempt
to supply the want of a History of that Ancient Borough.
With Map and Coat of Arms. In two parts. 8vo. Barnstaple,
1830.
[This is sometimes in 2 vols.]
VOL. XXXIV. 2 A
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
370 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Gwatkin (Mrs.). A Devonshire Dialogue in four Parts. To
which is added a Glossary, for the most part by the late
Kev. John Phillipps of Membury, Devon. Edited by Mrs.
Gwatkin. 12mo. London, 1839. [This is the complete work
from the manuscript of Mrs. Palmer, edited by her daughter.]
See Palmer,
H. (J. G.). History of Methodism in North Devon. 8vo.
London, 1871.
Hall (H. Byng). Exmoor: or the Footsteps of St. Hubert in
the West. With Illustrations taken from Nature. Post 8vo.
London, 1849.
Hall (T. M.). The Geology of North Devon. A Lecture
delivered at Northam to the Exeter Naturalists' Field Club,
Sept. 23, 1865. London, 1866.
. Notes on the Priory of Saint Mary at Pilton. (D. A. 1867.)
. Notes on the Geology and Mineralogy of the Island of
Lundy, with some Remarks on its Relation to the Mainland.
(D.A. 1871.)
. Fossil Fish of North Devon. (D.A. 1876.)
. The Geology of the Ilfracombe Coast Line. (D.A. 1879.)
. Notes on the Anthracite Beds of North Devon. (D.A.
1875.)
. On the Association of Minerals and Fossils in North
Devon. (D.A. 1890.)
. On Barum Tobacco-Pipes and North Devon Clays.
(D.A. 1890.)
Halwill. An Act for the Sale of the Manor of Halwill and
Becket in the County of Devon, the Estate of John Moor,
for payment of Debts. 1699.
Harding (Colonel W.). Colebrooke Church. (E.D.A.S. I. v.)
. Tawstock Church. (E.D.A.S. I. v.)
. The History of Tiverton, in the County of Devon.
2 maps, 19 prints, 2 vols. Tiverton, 1845. (Vol. ii. 1847.)
[25 Copies on Large Paper.]
Harp br (Joseph). The Barnstaple Parish Registers. (D.A.
1895.)
Hartland. The Hundred of, in the Geld Roll. (D.A. 1894.)
See Reichel.
. Hartland Forest. A Legend of North Devon. See Bray.
. Hartland Dialect. See Chope.
. Hartland Leather Money. (D.A. 1891.) See Strong.
. An Act Enabling the Governors of the Charterhouse
Hospital in London to endow the Perpetual Curacy of
Hartland. ... 5 & 6 Vict. c. 12 (1842).
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 371
Hartley (M. B.). The Wreck on the Braunton Sands. A Poem,
With an Illustration. 8vo. 1865.
Hatherleigh. Records of Hatherleigh Manor. By Capt. L. Edye.
(W.A. vii. 51, 183.)
Hayman (J. G.). Methodism in North Devon from Wesley to
1839. 12o. London, 1871.
. The Methodist Revival in North Devon (1871).
Hayward (J.). Bradfield House. (E.D.A.S. II. i.)
Heanton-Punchardon. On the Embanking and Reclaiming of
the Marsh Lands of the Manor of Heanton-Punchardon,
North Devon. By Nicholas Whitley. London, 1861. [Printed
in the Journal of the Bath and West of England Agricultural
Society, vol. ix. pt. ii.]
Heanton Sachville. A Sermon preached at the Funeral of the
Honble. Colonel Robert Rolle of Heanton Sachville in the
County of Devon, Esqr. By William Trevethick, m.a., and
Pastor of Petrockstow in the same County. (Dedicated to
Mr. Samuel Rolle, the only son and heir of the deceased.)
London, 1661.
Hemyock. An Act for the Sale of part of the Estates of
John Leigh Esq. in . . . Ottery St. Mary and Hemyock in
the county of Devon. Fol. 1776.
High Bray and its Rectors. By Winslow Jones. (N. & G. v. 33.)
Hillard (Kate). The Home of the Doones, with 10 woodcuts
illustrative of Exmoor Scenery, &c. Illustrating Lorna Doone.
10 pp. 8vo. (Harper's Magazine, 1882.)
Holcombe Rogus. The Court and Church of. (E.D.A.S. I. vi.)
See Ashtoorth.
. See Downes.
Honey church. Poor Law Administration during the 18th Century.
By Sir R. Lethbridge. (D.N. & Q. i. 54.)
Hughes (J. B.). The Churches and Chapels of Tiverton.
(E.D.A.S. I. iii.)
Hughb8 (T. Cann). Some Notes on the Vicars of Great Torring-
ton. (D.A. 1900.)
Huntshaw, The Rectors of. See Dredge.
. Barrow at. See Fowler.
Ilfracombe. An Act for Repairing, and Keeping in Repair, the
Pier and Harbour of Ilfordcombe. Black Letter. 10 pp. Fol.
1731.
. A Guide to Ilfracombe and the Neighbouring Towns, com-
prehending a general Sketch of the History and Objects most
worthy of remark in that part of North Devon. Map. Ilfra-
combe, 1830.
. . Second edition. Ilfracombe, 1834.
2 a 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
372 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Jlf racombe. A Guide to Ilfracombe and the Neighbouring Towns,
comprehending a general Sketch of the History and Objects
most worthy of remark in that part of North Devon. Another
edition. 12mo. Ilfracombe, 1835.
. . Third edition, with 2 maps and 5 plates. 12mo.
Ilfracombe, n.d.
[Subsequent editions were issued 12mo in 1836, 1838, 1840,
1844 ; 8vo in 1852 ; 12mo circa 185-.]
. Ilfracombe as it is. The Stranger's Guide. Published
by Edwin Lammas, pp. 76. 8vo. 1840.
. Guide to Ilfracombe, Lynton, Clovelly. History and
Objects in North Devon . . . with a Geological and Botanical
account. Map and plates. Ilfracombe, circa 1840.
. Guide to Ilfracombe and the North Devon Coast. Post
8vo. n.d. See Walters.
. A new Guide to Ilfracombe and North Devon, with 8 full-
page photographic views ; or the Chronicle Guide to Hf racombe,
• Lynton, Lynmouth, and North Devon. Ilfracombe (J. Pugsley
and Son).
. For other Guides see Banfield, Cooper.
. Bright's Excursionist's Handbook to Ilfracombe and its
Neighbourhood.
. Notes on the Geology of Ilfracombe and its Neighbour-
hood. By a late Resident. Ilfracombe, circa 1858.
. Ilfracombe Flowers. Poems. By — Irwin.
. The Very Ancient Church of Ilfracombe. See Wade.
. Popular Companion to the Very Ancient Church of Ilfra-
combe. See Wade.
. Church. See Nesbit.
. Font in Christ Church. See Price.
. Seaside Pleasures. London, 1853. Published by the
Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, and refers
entirely to Ilfracombe.
. Sea Side Studies at Ilfracombe, Tenby, Scilly Islands, and
Jersey. By G. H. Lewes. Plates. Sq. 8vo. 1st Edition.
1858.
. The Healthiest Devonshire Watering Place. By E. J. S.
King. 8vo. 2nd Edition. London, 1875.
. The Pixie ; or the Ilfracombe Miscellany of Art, Nature,
and Human Nature. By John Banfield. 1857. (Serial ; only
one vol. in 6 parts published.)
. Memoir of the Last Illness and Death of the late William
Thorp Buchanan, Esq., of Ilfracombe. By the late William
Shepherd, Esq., of Ilfracombe, Devon. London, 1837.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 373
Hfracombe. Address on the Distribution of Prizes to the Science
and Art Glasses at Ilfracombe. With Remarks on the Teaching
of Agriculture. November 30th, 1881. By Sir T. D. Acland.
Ilfracombe and London, 1881.
. See Cliamplin, FrizeU, North Devon, Slade-King, Ttciss
and Sow.
Inolidon (Benj.). Account of the Hospital of St. Margaret at
Pilton. 4to. (Arehceologia.) 1795.
. Will and Donations of Peter Blundell and other Bene-
factors to the Free Grammar School at Tiverton ; with list of
Feoffees, Rentals of Lands, Names of Exhibitioners, etc.
8vo. 1792.
. Another issue. 8vo. 179 — .
. Another issue. 8vo. 1804.
. 8vo. Reprint. Exeter, 1804.
[See under Tiverton,]
Industries of North Devon. See Strong.
Instow. Time the Avenger, and other Poems. By W. R. Neale,
of Instow. Sm. 8vo. 1860.
. The Instow Tithe Case as made special under the Act for
the Commutation of Tithes in England and Wales. By the
Rev. A. F. Lloyd, Rector of Instow. London, 1843.
. Certaine Treatises of the late reverend and learned Divine
Mr. John Downe, Rector of the Church of Instow in Devon-
shire, Bachelour of Divinity and sometime Fellow of Emanuel
Colledge in Cambridge. 4to. Oxford, 1633.
. To which is prefixed The Fvnerall Sermon on behalfe of
the Avthor of these ensuing Workes preached by George Hake-
will, Dr. of Divinity and Archdeacon of Surrey a neere neigh-
bour and deere friend vnto him. 4to. Oxford, 1633.
Inwardleigh. A Slight Sketch of the life of the late Rev.
Richard Hole, ll.b., Rector of Farringdon and Inwardleigh,
etc By Bartholomew Parr. 8vo. Exeter, 1803.
" Jan Clattery at the Devonsheer Dinner." By Reginald Wreford.
4th Edition. Tiverton, n.d.
Jefferies (Richard). Red Deer. London, 1884.
Jewel, John, Bishop of Salisbury. See Berrynarbor.
*' Jim and Nell " : a Dramatic Poem in the Dialect of North
Devon. By a Devonshire Man. Post 8vo. (Printed for
private circulation.) 1867. See Rock.
Johnston (C). St. Ann's Chapel, The Grammar School, Barn-
staple. (D.A. 1867.)
Jones (Winslow). Sir John de Sully, k.g. (D.A. 1892.)
. Admission of Richard Bryan to the Rectory of Silverton
during the Commonwealth. Exeter, 1890. (N. & G. iii. 65.)
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
374 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Jones (Winslow). Barnstaple during the Civil War. Exeter,
1889. (N. & G. ii. 181.)
. Calf Street, Great Torrington. Exeter, 1889. (N. & G.
ii. 191.)
Curious Inscription in the Chancel of Spreyton Church
and Contributions to the History of the Parish. Exeter, 1889.
(N. & G. ii. 23.)
The Spreyton Inscription and Epitaphs. Verses re-
sembling them ; also Notes on the Beaumont Family. Exeter,
1889. (N. & G. ii. 70.)
— . High Bray and its Rectors. (N. & G. v. 33.)
— . Font in Dolton Church, North Devon. (D.A. 1891.)
— . Monument in Newton St. Cyres Church, of John
Northcote, of Hayne. (N. & G. iv. 81.)
Thomas Chafe of Doddiscott in St. Giles-in-the-Wood.
(D.A. 1888.)
Jukbs (J. B.). Notes on the grouping of Rocks of North Devon
and West Somerset, with map and section. 8vo. Dublin, 1867.
. Additional Notes on the grouping of Rocks of North
Devon, &c. 8vo. Dublin, 1867.
Karkeek (P. Q.). Notes made during a Visit to Exmoor and
Neighbourhood. Torquay, 1879.
. Notes made during a Visit to Exmoor and Neighbourhood.
A Paper read at the monthly meeting of the Torquay Natural
History Society, Oct. 29, 1881.
. Extracts from a Memorandum Book belonging to Thomas
Roberts and Family of Stockleigh Pomeroy, 1621-44. (D.A.
1878.)
Katerfelto : A Tale of Exmoor. See Whyte-Melville.
Kenwith or Kenwic Castle in Devonshire. Inquiry respecting
the Site of (1804). See Vidcd.
Kenwith Castle, and other Poems. By Eliza Down. 1878.
King (E. J. S.). Ilfracombe the healthiest Devonshire Watering
Place. 2nd Edition. 8vo. London, 1875.
King (R. J.). Church of St Mary and of the Holy Cross,
Crediton. (E.D.A.S. II. iv.)
. Coplestone Cross and a Charter of Eadgar, a.d. 974.
Illustrated. (D.A. 1876.)
Kingslbt (Rev. C). Westward Ho ! or the Voyages and Adven-
tures of Sir Amyas Leigh.
[There are many editions of this work.]
. His Letters and Memories of his Life. Edited by his wife.
Portraits and Illustrations. 2 vols. First Edition. 8vo. 1877.
. Another Edition, 1881.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO* NORTH DEVON. 375
Knowestone. See Molland.
Lartbr (C. E.). Notes on the Botany of North Devon. 1898.
Lbga-Weekes (Ethel). The Old Mansion of North Wyke.
(D.A. 1900.)
. Neighbours of North Wyke. (D.A. 1901.)
Littleham, Hectors of. See Randolph and Dredge.
Longstapp (G. B.). Lepidoptera observed in the Parish of Morte
Hoe, North Devon. 8vo. London, 1901.
" Lorna Doone " : A Romance of Exmoor. See Blackmore.
Luck (R.). A Miscellany of New Poems. Cr. 8vo. London
[Printed by Edward Cave], 1736.
[Luck was master of Barnstaple School. This work contains
a translation of the Loves of Hero and Leander, with a facetious
Dissertation upon Horns, and several local pieces. Also a List
of Subscribers.]
Lundy Island. The Isle of Lundy. With Plates. 4to. 1775.
. The Antiquities of the Isle of Lundi. By Francis Grose,
Esq., p.s.a. London, 1797.
Some Account of the Island of Lundy in the Bristol
Channel. By G. Steinman Steinman, Esq., f.s.a., f.l.s. 8vo.
London, 1836.
— . Brief Declaration of the severall Passages in the Treaty
concerning the Surrender of the Garrison of Lundy, formerly
commanded by Thomas Bushell, Esq., Governor thereof for His
Majesty. 4to. 1652. See also under Civil War.
— . Insect Fauna. See Parfttt.
See Chanter, Denham, Holly Page.
Lynmouth, Poetical Remembrances of. By "Maia." 12mo.
Barnstaple, 1845.
. Lynmouth, or Sketches and Musings in North Devon.
By a Sojourner in September, 1834. Published in Aid of the
Contributions raised for endowing Lee Chapel in the parish of
Hfracombe. 8vo. London, 1835.
Lines by the Rev. J. G. Coplestone. Printed at a private
press at Awliscombe, by W. Sawyer, Esq.
. Maudeville: or the Lynmouth Visitors. By a Lady.
Barnstaple, 1839.
See Cooper, North Devon.
Lynton. The Case of Mary Wichalse, applt. and John Short,
respdt. relating to the Manor of Lynton. Fol. 1713.
. The Iron Mines at Lynton; a Mock Heroic Poem.
Barnstaple, 1842.
. See Cooper, North Devon.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
376 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Mackenzie (F.). Flora of the Neighbourhood of Tiverton.
(D.A. 1865, iv.)
Martin (J.). Broadbury and its Ancient Earthworks. (D.A. 1893.)
Martinhoe. Old and New Church. (E.D.A.S. IL iii.) See
Scriven.
Marwood. The Marwood List of Briefs. (D.Av 1893.) See
Dredge,
Mervyn Family. See Drake.
Methodism in North Devon. See J. G. H., Hayman.
Molland. Funeral Discourse over the Reverend Mr. John Culme,
Vicar of Knowestone and Molland, Devon, Dec. 2, 1691.
By Lewis Southcombe of Rose- Ash. 4to. 1692.
Monk, Nicholas. See Troup.
Monk, General (Duke of Albemarle). General Monk was a
native of Potheridge, near Merton, in North Devon. Biographies
and other works relating to him should therefore, properly
speaking, have a place in this Index, but they are so numerous
that if inserted the length of this paper would be unduly
extended. They would be more conveniently included in a
separate bibliography.
Morchard Episcopi. The family of Easton of Morchard Episcopi,
Devon, and Kingston and Bradford, Somerset. (W.A. vi. 125,
166, 169, 250, 299.)
Morebath. A Warden's Account Book in the Parish of More-
bath. By Rev. J. E. Binney. (W.A. x., xi., xii.)
Morte Hoe, Lepidoptera of. (1901.) See Longstaff.
Morte Stone (The) : A Tale of the Coast. See Crump.
Mortimer (Thomas). Braunton, and Other Poems. Barnstaple,
1858.
Mozlbt (Rev. T., Rector of Plymtree). Henry VII., Prince
Arthur, and Cardinal Morton. From a Group representing the
Adoration of the Three Kings on the Chancel Screen of Plym-
tree Church in the County of Devon, with an Appendix con-
taining Notices of Nicholas Monk, Rector of Plymtree, John
Land, etc. 6 plates (4 coloured). Fol. London, 1878.
. . Another Edition without the coloured plates.
Roy. 8vo. London, 1878.
Nesbit (F., m.a.). Ilfracombe Parish Church. Ilfracombe (John
Moore, 118, High Street), 1901.
Newman (Rev. S.). The Parish Apprentice : or John Winzer the
Puritan. 4th Edition. Cr. 8vo. London, 1901.
Newton St. Cyres. The Monument of J. Northcote, Esq., of
Hayne. See Jones.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 377
Northam. A Proposal for securing the whole of Northam
Burrows from the Encroachment of the Sea, by the erection
of sufficient and permanent Embankments, etc. By the Rev.
I. H. Gosset, Vicar of Northam. London, 186L (Private
circulation.)
North Devon. Banfield's Guide. Map and 6 Illustrations.
12mo. Circa 1840.
. A Guide to North Devon, to which is added a Geological
and Bo tank J Account. New Edition. Illustrated. [On the
map this is called Binfield's Guide.] 12mo. Ilfracombe
(J. Banfield), 1843.
[From the copy in the Bodleian.]
. The North of Devon. Barnstaple, Bideford, Ilfracombe,
Lynton, Lynmouth, Tiverton, South-Molton, Crediton, Torring-
ton, etc. (Extracted from the Route Book of Devon.) Exeter,
1846.
. The Hand-Book of North Devon, with a Trip on the
Crediton and North Devon Railway. Exeter (1857).
. The Handbook of North Devon. 12mo. Exeter, 1860.
. . Another Edition. 8vo. Exeter, 1876.
. The North Devon Historical Guide and Advertiser. De-
lineating Delightful Scenery in and around Bideford, Instow,
Appledore, Northam Burrows, Pebble Ridge, Clovelly, Bucks,
Hartland, and Isle of Lundy, the Rise and Course of the
Torridge, Wear Gifford, and Great Torrington. Bideford
(printed by J. Wilson), 1861 and 1862.
. A Guide to North Devon ; its History, Objects most worthy
of Remark, Geology, Botany, &c. New Edition. Illustrated
with Map and Views. Post 8vo. Ilfracombe, n.d.
. The North Devon Handbook. A Guide to its Topography,
Archeology, and Natural History. By George Tugwell. Fold-
ing Map and Views. 12mo. Ilfracombe, n.d.
[1st Edition, 1857; 2nd Edition, 1860; 4th Edition, 1877.
It was afterwards published as Stewart's Handbook, etc.]
■ Stewart's Shilling Guide to North Devon (extracted from
a former work), n.d.
. A New Edition (price sixpence), n.d.
. Tourist's Guide to North Devon and the Exmoor District.
See Worth.
. Pictorial and Historical Guide. See Ward and Lock.
. The North Devon Scenery Book. By G. Tugwell.
Illustrated with coloured Plates by H. B. Scougill. 8vo.
London, 1863.
Scenery in the North of Devon. By G. Rowe. 18 litho-
graphs by W. Ganci. Ob. fol. J. Banfield, Ilfracombe [18 — ].
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
378 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
North Devon. Views in North Devon (with Descriptive Letter-
press). 16°. London, 1860.
. 44 Views of Ilfracombe, Lynton, Lynmouth, Clovelly,
Bideford, Westward Ho ! etc. Ilfracombe, n.d.
. The Beauties of the Coast of North Devon and North
Cornwall from Lynton to Padstow (London and South Western
Railway). Published by the Railway Publishing Company.
London, n.d.
. A Tour in North Devon, including Barnstaple, Tawstock,
Lynton, Lynmouth, and the Valley of Stones. By T. H.
Williams, of Plymouth. 9 Etchings. London, 1802.
. A Drive to North Devon in the Summer of 1887. (Re-
printed from the Western Daily Mercury.) 8vo. 1887.
. A Tour in North Devon. See A\dams\ H. W.
. Remarks and Sailing Directions relative to Lundy Island
and the North Coast of Devonshire between Hartland Point
and Combe Martin, including the Bar and Ports of Barnstaple
and Bideford, with Ilfracombe Harbour. By Lieut H. M.
Denham, R.N. 1832. Published (to accompany the Chart of
the same) by Nathaniel V. Lee, Esqre., and Commander Geo. F.
Herbert, r.n., under sanction of the Right Honble. the Lords
Commissioners of the Admiralty. Liverpool, n.d.
. Notes on Some Churches of North Devon. (E.D.A.S.
II. v.) See Ashworth.
' . Botany of North Devon. (1898.) See Larter.
. Geology of North Devon. See Hall, Jukes, Worth.
. North Devon Athenaeum. See Barnstaple.
. Fleet in 1588. (D.A. 1879 and N. & G. i. 87.) See
Cotton.
. The North Devon Miscellany, or Magazine of the Muses.
Begun March 26, 1824 (21 Parts), pp. 96. Cr. 8vo. Barn-
staple (Syle), 1824.
The North Devon Magazine : containing the Cave and
Lundy Review, or Critical Revolving Light. Illustrated. 2 vols.
pp. 554. 8vo. Barnstaple (Searle), 1824.
. Rules of the North Devon and West of England Golf
Club.
. The Autobiography of a Poacher. Edited by "Caractacus."
8vo. London, 1901.
. North Devon Longevity. By T. M. Hall. (N. & G. i. 22.)
. North Devon Hussars (The). By G. M. Doe. (D.N. &
Q. i. 76.)
. North Devon Book Hawking Association in the Arch-
deaconry of Barnstaple (Annual Report), pp. 8. Barnstaple,
1863.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 379
North Devon. History of the Baptist Churches of North Devon
(1885). See Thompson,
. A North Devon Record: Episode of the Poet Shelley.
By J. R. Chanter. ( W.A. v. 193.)
. See Baddeley and Ward, Banfield, Britton, Cooper, Cor-
nishj Denham, Tugtoell, Williams,
Northmolton. History of the New Bampfylde Copper Mine, near
Northmolton. Exeter, 1869.
Notes and Notelets. See Drake,
Nymet-Episcopi. Funeral Discourse, with Particulars of the
life of John Melford, Esqre., of Nymet-Episcopi, Devon, who
dyed aged 18, from a fall from his Horse and was buried
at Southmolton. By Thomas Easton. 4to. London, 1692.
. Road Acts. 1826, 1830.
. Portions of the New Versions of Psalms, Anthems, and
Hymns for particular occasions, selected for the use of the
Bishop's Nympton Choir. By the Rev. J. Thorne, Curate.
Southmolton, 1827.
Nymet Tracy. See Bow,
Oxenham Omen. A True Relation of an Apparition in the
Likeness of a Bird with a White Breast, that appeared hovering
over the Death-Beds of some of the Children of Mrs. James
Oxenham, of Sale (Zeal) Monachorum. 4to. London, 1641.
(In the Gough Collection in the Bodleian Library.)
. See R, W, Cotton. (D.A. 1882.)
. The Oxenham Apparition. By W. Cotton. (N. & G.
iL 37).
. The Oxenham Tombstone. (D.N. & Q. i. 194.)
. The Bird of the Oxenhams; or the Banshee of - Devon.
(W.A. iii. 26.)
Page (J. LL W.). An Exploration of Exmoor and the Hill
Country of West Somerset, with Notes on its Archaeology.
Map and Illustrations. Large paper. Roy. 8vo. London,
1890. Another Issue. London, 1893.
. Small paper. 8vo. London, 1890. Another Issue.
London, 1893.
. Another Edition. Sm. 8vo. London, 1895.
. The Coasts of Devon and Lundy Island; their Towns,
Villages, Scenery, Antiquities, and Legends. Map and 21
Plates, drawn by the Author and engraved by Alex. Ansted. 8vo.
and roy. 8vo. London, 1895.
. Rivers of Devon. From the Source to the Sea, with
some account of the Towns and Villages on their Banks. 8vo.
and roy. 8vo. London, 1893.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
380 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Palmer (Mrs., of Great Torrington). A Dialogue in the Devon-
shire Dialect, in Three Parts. By a Lady. To which is added
a Glossary hy James F. Palmer. 8vo. London, 1837.
. Another Edition, in 4 parts. 12mo. 1839.
. Another Edition. 12mo. 1869.
Some issues have no date.
[Mrs. Palmer was a sister of Sir Joshua Reynolds.]
Parfitt (E.). Notes on Mr. Chanter's Paper on the Insect Fauna
of Lundy Island.
Parkham, Rectors of. See Dredge. (N. & G. i. 10, 24.)
Parry (J. A.). On the Remains of Ancient Fortifications in the
Neighbourhood of Bideford. (D.A. 1867.)
. A Brief Sketch of the Early History of Bideford. (D.A.
1871.)
Pedlbr (E. H.). The Anglo-Saxon Episcopate of Cornwall, with
some account of the Bishops of Crediton. 8vo. London, 1856.
. Another Edition. London, 1860.
Pbngblly (W.). On the Relative Age of the Petherwin and Barn-
staple Beds. (Brit. Assoc. Report, 1861, pt. 2, pp. 24-127.)
. The Granite Boulder on the Shore of Barnstaple Bay,
North Devon. (D.A. 1873.)
. The Raised Beaches of Barnstaple Bay, North Devon.
(D.A. 1867.)
The Submerged Forest and Pebble Ridge of Barnstaple
Bay. (D.A. 1868.)
Periodical Literature. See Barnstaple Miscellany, Crackling.
Goose, Universal Medley, Gossip, Punch in Barnstaple under
Barnstaple ; and North Devon Miscellany, North Devon Maga-
zine under North Devon ; and Pixie under Il/racombe.
Phear (Sir J. B.). Note on Braunton Great Field. (D.A. 1889.)
Pilton. The Two Colonels (N.B. One is a Horse), or Vestry,
"Being a leetle Historie of the Pilton Vestorie" held on
Monday, March 14, 1870. Cr. 8vo. Exeter, 1870.
. The Bells turned to a good Account. A few thoughts
committed to paper and reprinted with the addition of much
pertinent matter, when the Octave of Bells, at Pilton, was
submitted to public approval, on Whit-Monday, 1854. (R.
Chichester, Esq.). Broad Sheet Barnstaple (Jenvey), 1854.
. See Hall, Incledon.
Plymtree. See Mozley, Troup.
. The Churches of the Deanery of Plymtree. (E.D.A.S.
II. i.) See Ashworth.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
KKLATING TO NORTH DEVON. 381
Portledge. A Catalogue of the Portledge Library, containing the
entire collection. S. Woolmer. Exeter, 1801.
[This library was removed from Portledge House, North
Devon, to Mr. S. Woolmer's house in Exeter for sale. The
collection of these books was begun in 1696 and was offered
for sale in 1800 (see reference to it in Prince's Worthies of
Devon, p. 181, ed. 1701). Mr. Woolmer was the printer of
the Exeter and Plymouth Gazette.]
Prick (Miss A. E.). Font in Christ Church, Ilfracombe. With
Illustrations by P. 0. Hutchinson. (D.A. 1880.)
Punchard (Rev. E. J., d.d.). Punchard of Heanton-Punchardon,
co. Devon. (D.A. 1893.)
Pyworthy. See Werringion.
Radford (Mrs. G. H.). Sydenham. (D.A. 1895.)
. Thomas Larkham. (D.A. 1892.)
. Andrew and Nicholas Tremayne. (D.A. 1898.)
. Edmund and Richard Tremayne. (D.A. 1901.)
Randolph (Rev. Preb. F. C. Hingeston). The Rectors of Wear
Gilford, Devonshire. Annotated by Rev. J. Ingle Dredge.
Reprinted from Notes and Gleanings, with Corrections. Exeter
1890. (Private circulation.)
. Rectors of Littleham, in the Deanery of Hartland. Anno-
tated by the Rev. J. Ingle Dredge. Exeter, 1891.
Rawlb (E. J.). Annals of the Ancient Royal Forest of Exmoor.
Compiled chiefly from Documents in the Record Office. To-
gether with some Account of the Forest Laws and Charters and
Officers. Map and Facsimiles. 4to. Taunton, 1893.
[Only 300 copies printed.]
Rbichbl (Rev. O. J.). The Hundred of Hartland in the Geld
Roll. (D.A. 1894.)
Risk (Rev. J. E.). The Stockleigh Parishes, near Crediton, and
Some of their Surroundings. (D.A. 1896.)
. Apprenticeship Indentures from Stockleigh English Parish
Chest. (D.A. 1901.)
Bobbin (A. F.). Sir Beville Grenville, the Knight of the West.
A Biography in Outline. Launceston, 1884.
Kock (W. F.). "Jim and Nell." A Dramatic Poem in the
Dialect of North Devon. By a Devonshire Man. Post 8vo.
(Private circulation), 1867.
Rogers (W. H. H.). Sepulchral Effigies of North Devon.
(E.D.A.S. II. iii.)
Booker, Samuel Lavington. See Bideford.
Boseash. See Dowries.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
382 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Row, John, of STiobrook, Devon. The Life and Times of. [From
Clarke's Lives.] Folio.
Rowe, the Rev. Samuel, Vicar of Crediton, 1835-53. By
J. Brooking-Rowe, f.s.a., f.l.s. (D.A. 1882.)
Rowe. The Life and Death of Mr. John Rowe of Crediton, in
Devon. London, 1673.
. Life of Mr. John Rowe of Crediton, who was born in
1588 and died in 1660. London (Religious Tract Society), n.d.
Russell, The Rev. John ("Parson Jack Russell"). See under
Torrington (Black).
Sampford Courtenay. Letter by Captain Richard Dunning of
Sampford Courtenay to Mr. James Shepheard, whilst a prisoner
in Newgate, persuading him to repent of his design to murder
the King. 8vo. 1718.
. Extracts from the Diary and Letters of Ann Palmer
of Sampford Courtenay, Devon, a Christian in Humble Life,
who died Nov. 5th, 1834. With a Short Memoir. By
G. P. Richards, m.a. Exeter, 1850.
Sampford Peverell. A Plain and Authentic Narrative of those
Extraordinary Occurrences, hitherto unaccounted for, which
have lately taken place at the house of Mr. Chave, in the
Village of Sampford Peverell. By the Rev. C. Colton, m.a.,
Coll. Reg. Soc. pp. 26. 12mo. Tiverton, n.d. (1810).
. Stubborn Facts against Vague Assertions : being an
Appendix to the Authentic Narrative of the Extraordinary
Occurrences still going on at the house of Mr. Chave. . . .
By the Rev. C. Colton. pp. 28. 12mo. Tiverton, 1810.
. Sampford Ghost ! Facts attested and delivered to the
Public relative to those Extraordinary Occurrences, &c. as
attested by the Rev. C. Colton. 1 Print. London, n.d.
. Sampford Ghost ! ! ! A Full Account of the Con-
spiracy at Sampford Peverell near Tiverton : containing the
Particulars of the Pretended Visitations of the Monster —
the Affidavit of the Rev. C. Colton, and the Circumstances
connected with the detection of the Plot, as detailed in the
various numbers of the Taunton Courier. Taunton, 1810.
. Preliminary Discourse of Sir Marriot Marplott to his
refutation of the Truth, being his Address to the Public and
containing his Dedication, Poetical and Epistolary, of his last
Pamphlet, published Oct. 10, 1810. To his worthy friend and
fellow labourer Baron Munchausen. Tiverton, 1810.
[Relates to the Sampford Ghost Story.]
Scrivbn (C). Martinhoe Old and New Church. (E.D. A.S. II. iii.)
Sepulchral Effigies of North Devon. See Rogers.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
EELATING TO NOBTH DEVON. 383
Sharland (J.). Recollections of the Great Lord Palmerston and
Old Times in Devon. With Portraits of the Author and Lord
Palmerston and a facsimile letter of the latter. Gr. 8vo.
Tiverton, 1898.
Shebbear. Some Account of the renowned "William Collacott
of Shebbear, Devon, 1844. 4to. Whole length Portrait.
Bideford. [A Ballad of 24 Verses.]
Shobrook. See Row.
Silverton Rectory during the Commonwealth. Admission of
Richard Bryan thereto. Exeter, 1890. See Jones.
. A Sermon preached in the Parish Church of Silverton,
at the opening of the Silverton National Girls' School, on the
Epiphany, 1848. By the Rev. Henry Tripp, m.a. Exeter,
1848.
Sladb-King (Mrs.). Notes on the Older Times of Ilfracombe.
(D.A. 1879.)
Smith (Samuel). An Account of the late Dreadful Fire at
Tiverton, &c. 8vo. London, 1732.
[Samuel Smith was Master of the Free School, Tiverton.]
Smith (Rev. Preb.). The Early History of Crediton. (D.A.
1882.)
Snell (F. J.). The Chronicles of Twyford; being a new and
Popular History of the Town of Tiverton in Devonshire;
with some account of BlundelTs School, founded a.d. 1604.
Demy 8vo. Tiverton, 1892.
. Palmerston's Borough (Tiverton). A Budget of Elec-
tioneering Anecdotes, Jokes, Squibs and Speeches. With
Photographs of Rowcliffe and Palmerston. 8vo. Tiverton,
1894.
Southmolton. A List of Plants growing wild in the parish of
Southmolton and some neighbouring parishes. By Miss Helen
Saunders. (D.A. 1894.)
. The Poetical Remains of Richard Manley. 12mo.
Southmolton, 1835.
. Early Days in Southmolton. (D.A. 1894.) See Worth.
. Records of the Borough of Southmolton. See Cock.
. Mulford Family. (D.N. & Q. i. 131.)
. . See Nymet Episcopi.
Spreyton. A Narrative of the Demon of Spraiton. In a
Letter, etc. 4to. London, 1683.
. See Jones.
Staghunting. A Letter addressed to Lord Ebrington relating to
the Staghunting Establishment of the County of Devon. (By
Lord Graves.) 4to. Exeter, 1814.
. See also under Evered, Exmoor, Fortescue, Hall, Jefferies.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
384 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Stevenstone. A Catalogue of the Library at Stevenstone, North
Devon. Compiled by John Macray. pp. 284. 4to. Oxford,
1850.
Stockleigh English. (D.A. 1901.) See Risk.
Stockleigh Parishes. (D.A. 1896.) See Risk.
Stockleigh Pomeroy. See Karkeek.
Strong (H. W.). Charles Wiltshire. A Panegyric. Barnstaple,
n.d.
. History and Description of Tawstock Church. Barn-
staple, 1889.
. The Industries of North Devon. Reprinted from the
North Devon Journal. Barnstaple, 1889.
. Editor of Ballinger's Bijou Guide to Barnstaple. Barn-
staple, 1890.
. Potteries of North Devon. (D.A. 1891.)
. Leather Money from Hartland. (D.A. 1891.)
Sydenham. (D.A. 1895.) See Radford.
Tawe. The Banks of the Tawe : a poem. In four Parts. By
C. H. Swansea, 1803.
Tawstock Church. See Harding, Strong, Wrey.
Tawton, the First Saxon Bishopric of Devon. See Chanter.
Thompson (Davis). "A Book of Remembrance," or a Short
History of the Baptist Churches of North Devon. London
and North Devon Auxiliary in aid of Baptist Missions.
Cr. 8vo. 1885.
"This book is dedicated to the Members of our Churches
and Congregations in North Devon; Praying that God may
abundantly bless it for His Glory in their Spiritual Good. In
the name of the Auxiliary, David Thompson, Appledore, Devon,
October, 1885."
Thornton (Rev. W. H.V Some Reminiscences of the Wykes of
South Tawton. (D.A. 1897.)
Tiverton. Local Acts. (Town), 1697, 1794, 1822, 1825; (Roads),
1757, 1767, 1801, 1811, 1813, 1825, 1830.
. Letter on Act for Making Roads near Tiverton. 1813.
. Cursory Observations on the Charters granted to the
Inhabitants of Tiverton. By a Friend to Local Jurisdictions.
Cr. 8vo. Tiverton, 1823.
[Contains four prefatory letters to Sir Henry Carew, the
Archbishop of Canterbury, the Earl of Harrowby, and the
Householders of Tiverton.]
The Charter Granted by George the First, with Cursory
Observations on the Charters of the Borough,
— . Charter of Incorporation of Tiverton, 10 George I.
With a Preface and Notes. By G. Coles. 1824.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 385
Tiverton. An Act for making a Chapel in the Town of Tiverton,
in the County of Devon, a perpetual Cure, and for providing a
maintenance for the Ministers who shall officiate therein. The
said new Chapel made a perpetual Cure, and vested in the
present four Ministers and their successors, as a Body Corporate.
1733.
. The Churches and Chapels of the Parish of Tiverton.
(E.D.A.S. I. iii.) See Hughes.
. Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into
Charities in England and Wales, so far as relates to the several
Charitable Endowments within the Town and Parish of Tiver-
ton. 4to. Tiverton, 1820.
The Stranger's Guide or Hand-Book for Tiverton. Prints.
Tiverton, 1855.
Guide to Tiverton and its Neighbourhood. By an Old
Resident. 1888.
. Memoirs and Antiquities of the Town and Parish of
Tiverton, &c. Faithfully collected from the Ancient Records.
By a Gentleman, Native thereof (John Blundell). Exeter,
1712.
. Historical Memoirs of Tiverton (1790). See Duns/ord.
. History of Tiverton (1845-47). See Harding.
. Chronicles of Twyford: a new and popular History of
Tiverton, with an Account of Blunders School (1892). See
Snell
. Palmeraton's Borough. A Budget of Electioneering
Speeches, etc. (1894). See SndL
. Recollections of the Great Lord Palmerston and Old
Times in Devon (1898). See Sharland.
Rules for the Courts held in the Hospital of Tiverton.
Tiverton, 1730.
. An Appeal to the Ministers of the Parish of Tiverton,
and the Governor, Guardians, and Overseers of the Poor, &c,
made by Mr. Beavis Wood, the Town Clerk of Tiverton, &c.
Exeter, 1781.
. A Letter to the Inhabitants of Tiverton; with an
Appendix containing Observations on the Hon. Spencer
Perceval's Letter to the Electors of Tiverton, &c. By a Friend
to Local Jurisdiction. London, 1831.
. Report to the General Board of Health on a preliminary
Inquiry into the Sewerage . . . and Sanitary Condition of the
Inhabitants, of the Borough of Tiverton. By T. W. Rammell,
Esq. Plans. London, 1851.
. Consecration no Consecration. A few Remarks addressed
to the Special Vestry and Burial Board, and to the Inhabitants
of Tiverton. (By Dr. Paterson). Tiverton (1856).
VOL. XXXIV. 2 B
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
386 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Tiverton. Two Returns made in April, 1833. (1) Of Charitable
Funds and other property in the Corporation of Tiverton.
(2) Of the Names, Professions, and Trades of the Members
of the Corporation who, by virtue of their election, have be-
come Magistrates during the Twenty years preceding. 4to.
Tiverton, 1835.
. Report of the Committee appointed to inquire into the
State and Bye-Laws and Property of the Corporation, with
Appendix. 4to. Tiverton, 1836.
. Lord Palmerston's Speech at Tiverton, 31st July, 1847.
— — . An Account of the Tiverton Election, 29 April, 1859,
with revised Report of Lord Palmerston's Speech on that
occasion. 8vo. London, 1859.
. The True and lamentable Discourse of the burning of
Teuerton in Devonshire, the third day of Aprill last past
about the houer of One of the Clocke in the Afternoone,
being Market Day, 1598. At what time there was consumed
to Ashes about the Number of 400 houses with all the money
and goods that was therein : and Fyf tie persons burnt alive
through the Vehemencie of the same Fyer. 6 pp. 4to.
At London (1598).
Wofvll Newes from the West-parts of England. Being
the lamentable Burning of the Towne of Teuerton in Devonshire
vpon the fift of August last, 1612. Whereunto is annexed the
former burning of the aforesaid Towne, the third of Aprill,
1598. Woodcut. 4to. London, 1612.
. An Account of the late dreadful Fire at Tiverton, &c.
(1732). See Smith.
. An Act for the better and more easy Rebuilding of the
Town of Tiverton in the County of Devon, and for determining
differences touching Houses and Buildings burnt down and
demolished by reason of the late dreadful Fire there, and for
the better preventing Dangers from Fire for the future. 1732.
. The Great Fire of Tiverton, 1612. By E. Windeatt.
(W.A. ii. 168.)
. The Lawfulness and Use of Organs in the Christian
Church asserted in a Sermon preached at Tiverton in the
County of Devon, on the 13 Sept., 1696, on occasion of
an Organ's being erected in that Parish Church. By John
Newte, m.a., Rector of Tiverton, sometime Fellow of Balliol
College, pp. 47. 4to. Oxford, 1696.
A Second Edition, dedicated to Jonathan, Lord
Bishop of Exeter. 4 to. London and Tiverton. (H. Barton.)
1701.
— . A Letter to a Friend in the Country, concerning the Use
of Instrumental Musick in the Worship of God : in Answer to
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 387
Mr. Newte's Sermon preached at Tiverton in Devon on the
occasion of an Organ being erected in that Parish Church.
4to. London, 1698.
Tiverton. Donations of Peter Blundell, and other Benefactors to
the Free Grammar School at Tiverton. Compiled by Benjamin
Indedon, Esq. Exeter, 1732.
. . Another Edition, with Notes and Appendix and
a Plate of the Prize Medal. 8vo. 1792.
. Donations of Peter Blundell (founder) and other benefac-
tions to the Free Grammar School at Tiverton : Originally
compiled by the late Benj. Incledon, Esq., &c. : now ordered
by the Feoffees to be reprinted with notes and additions, &c,
29 June, 1802. 8vo. Exeter, 1804.
. The Donations of Peter Blundell and other Benefactors to
the Free Grammar School at Tiverton. By Benjamin Incledon,
Esq. Exeter, 1826.
. Blundell's Free Grammar School, Tiverton. Judgment of
the Vice-Chancellor, <fcc. Tiverton, 1846.
. Scheme for the Regulation and Management of BlundelPs
School, Tiverton. 8vo. Tiverton, 1864.
. Extraordinary Circumstances following the Death of Ann
Taylor of Tiverton. 1814.
. The Question of Apparitions and Supernatural Voices
considered. A Sermon occasioned by the extraordinary circum-
stances which immediately followed the death of Ann Taylor :
delivered in Steps Meeting, Tiverton, June 26, 1814, by the
Rev. William Vowles. Sm. 8vo. Tiverton, 1814.
. A Plain Discovery of the unrighteous Judge and False
Accusers, wherein is brought to light . . . the Spirit of that
Pamphlet intituled "The Leper Cleansed.,, Published by
Richard Bellamy of Tiverton, etc. 4to. London, 1658.
. The Saint's Support in these Sad Times. Delivered in
a Sermon at Tiverton in Devonshire in the time of His
Excellencies Army, raised for King and Parliament quartered
at Tiverton. By Thomas Palmer, Minister to the Honble.
Major - Generall Shippon's Regiment. 4to. London, 1644.
(With Portrait of the Earl of Essex.)
. A Declaration of a Congregationall Church in Tiverton
in Devon against the late horrid Insurrection and Rebellion in
London. 4to. 1661.
. A Sermon in the Parish Church of Tiverton on 1st Sept.,
1725, at the Anniversary of the Gentlemen educated at Tiver-
ton School. By Samuel Newte. 4to. Exon., 1725.
. A Sermon preached at Tiverton, at the Annual Feast,
Sept. 5, 1728, of the Gentlemen educated at Tiverton School.
By John Jones. 8vo. Oxford, 1728.
2 b 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
.388 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Tiverton. A Sermon at St. Peter's Church, Tiverton, on the
Annual Meeting of the Gentlemen educated at Blundell's School.
By Fran. Fort, m.a. 8vo. 1753.
. The Respect due to a Church of God. A Sermon preached
October 11, 1733, at the Consecration of St. George's Chapel
in Tiverton, co. Devon, by the Rt. Rev. Stephen, Lord
Bishop of Exon. By George Baker, Preb. of St Peter's
in Exon., and Chaplain to his Lordship. Exeter and London,
1733.
. A Sermon preached the 11th of October, 1733, at the
Consecration of St. George's Chapel at Tiverton by the Bishop
of Exon. By George Parker, Preb. of St. Peter's in Exon.
London, 1733.
. A Sermon at Tiverton at the Dedication of the Hall of the
Free Accepted Masons. By W. Carwithen. 8vo. 1834.
A Sermon on laying the Corner-Stone of a portion
of St. Peter's Church, Tiverton (24 Aug.), 1853. By the
Rev. H. Watson, Vicar of St. Mary church. With some
Account of the Church, Tiverton, 1853.
A Sermon ... on re-opening St. Peter's Church,
Tiverton, 26 June, 1856, by the Rev. and Hon. C. L. Courtenay,
m.a., Vicar of Bovey Tracey, &c, with a brief Account of the
Church and its restoration. Tiverton (1856).
. The Case of R. Chamberlain and F. Plympton v. Newte,
Appellants to the House of Lords respecting a claim by the
Rector of Pitt and Tidcombe Portions, Tiverton, to the Tithe
of Corn and Grain ground in a newly erected Horse Malt Mill
within the said Portions. FoL 1706.
. A Discourse shewing the Duty of Honouring the Lord
with our Substance, together with the Impiety of Tithe-
Stealing. By John Newte, m.a., Rector of Tiverton. Portrait.
Lond. 1711.
[In the Preface a case of sacrilege, at Tiverton, is described.]
. A Sermon preached at St. Peter's Church in Tiverton
on Wednesday, 9th of February, 1809, being the day
appointed for a general Fast. By the Rev. C. Colton.
Tiverton, 1809.
. The Resolutions adopted by the Trustees of the Tiverton
Turnpike &c. By the Rev. John West Carew. Tiverton,
1813.
Tiverton: a Poem. By Henry Kiddell. 4to. London,
1715.
— . The Tiverton Woolcombers* Defence, &c. By the Rev.
W. Dadds. London, 1750.
[Mr. Dadds was Head Master of Tiverton School for seven-
teen years, and died in 1765. This tract refers to a dispute
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 389
between the masters and their workmen, the former wishing
to prevent the latter associating in clubs (Davidson). With
remarks on bringing a military force into Tiverton.]
Tiverton. In Memoriam, July 27, 1864. The Last Hours of
Alfred Bligh Hill, m.a., Incumbent of St. Paul's, Tiverton.
1864.
. See Dowries, Mackenzie, Wreford.
Toplady, The Rev. Augustus Montague. See under Broadhembury.
Torrington (Black). A Memoir of the Rev. John Russell and his
Out of Door Life. By the author of " Dartmoor Days," &c.
(Rev. E. W. L. Davies). London, 1878 and 1883 ; and Exeter,
1902.
(Great). The Bye-Laws of the Borough and Town of Great
Torrington . . . Enacted and Established by the Council in
the year 1836, in Pursuance of the Act passed in 5 and 6
Will. IV., &c. Great Torrington, 1836.
. A Sermon preached at the Opening of Torrington
Church on Thursday Evening, July 3rd, 1862. By the Rev.
J. H. Murray, Rector of Dolton. Bideford, 1862.
. Calf Street (1889). See Jones.
. The Blowing up of the Church, 16 Feb., 1645.
(D.A. 1894.) See Doe.
. Great Torrington during the Civil War. (Barnstaple,
1884.) See Doe.
. A Few Pages of Great Torrington History, 1642-6.
(Plymouth, 1896.) See Doe.
. Great Torrington. By J. S. Attwood. (N. & G. iii.
16, 19.)
The Rev. John Howe. A Nonconformists' Diurnal, by
the Rev. T. C. Hine. Fcap. 8vo. 1876.
[Howe was at one time Incumbent of Great Torrington.
He married a daughter of the then Vicar of St. Andrew's,
Plymouth, and is said to have been a prisoner for some time
on Drake's Island, Plymouth.]
See Colby, Doe, Fowler, Hughes, Palmer.
Tremayne Family. See Radford.
Troup (Frances B.). The Sain thills of Bradninch, Devon : being
a Pedigree of the Family, &c. (D.A. 1889.)
. A Cavalier's Note Book (Sainthill of Bradninch) continued
by his son. With Notes by Robert Dymond. (D.A. 1889.)
Ellis Veryard of Plymtree; Physician and Author
(1637-1714). (D.A. 1892.)
. The Rev. Henry Mundy. (D.A. 1894.)
. Nicholas Monk, the King's Messenger and the Honest
Clergyman. (D.A 1899 )
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
390 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Tugwell (Rev. G., Oriel Coll, Oxon., Curate of Ilfracombe).
The North Devon Scenery Book. . . . Illustrated with coloured
Plates by H. B. Scougall. 8vo. London, 1863.
. The North Devon Handbook. Being a Guide to the
Topography and Archaeology and an Introduction to the
Natural History of the District. Illustrated. 12mo. London
and Ilfracombe, n.d.
[First Edition, 12mo., London, 1857. Second Edition,
1860. Fourth Edition, 1877.]
. Editor of Banfield's Guide Book to North Devon. Ilfra-
combe, n.d.
Twi88 and Sons' Illustrated Hand Book and Guide to Ilfracombe,
&c. 30 plates, n.d.
. Illustrated Guide to Ilfracombe and North Devon. Edited
by W. Walters. Special Chapters by well - known Local
Authorities. With Maps and Plans. Sq. 12mo. Ilfracombe,
1888.
. Illustrated Guide to North Devon. Edited by Rev. G.
Tugwell, Vicar of Bathwick, Bath, containing Descriptive
Guide to the Neighbourhood, Archeology, Natural History,
and Complete Botany of North Devon. Map and 13 Illustra-
tions. (Four Editions.)
. North Devon Handbook.
Illustrated Guide to Ilfracombe and North Devon. Edited
by W. Walters. Maps and 30 Illustrations.
. Sixpenny Guide to Ilfracombe and Neighbourhood. Maps
and 30 Illustrations.
. Pictorial Guide to Woolacombe, Morte, Lee, and Neigh-
bourhood. 30 Illustrations.
— . Penny Guide to Ilfracombe and Neighbourhood. Edited
by W. Walters. Map.
. Notes on the Geology of Ilfracombe and its Neighbour-
hood. By a late Resident.
. Botany of North Devon. By the late Rev. T. F. Raven-
shaw, Rector of Pewsey, Wilts.
. Archaeology of North Devon, containing History and
Antiquities, Ecclesiology, North Devon Worthies, Legends,
Dialects, &c.
. Guide to Lynton and Lynmouth. Edited by W. R.
Riddell. Map.
Upexe. The Restored Chapel at. By Rev. Philip Williams.
(N. & G. ii. 41.)
Vidal (R. S.). An Inquiry respecting the Site of Kenwith or
Kenwic Castle, Devon. 4to. (Archceologia, 1804.)
. . In a letter to Henry Wansey, Esq., f.a.b., 1804.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 391
Wadb (Z. E. A.). A Popular Companion to the very Ancient
Church of Ilfracombe. 1892.
. The Very Ancient Church of Ilfracombe. 1891.
. Pixy-Led in North Devon. Old Facts and New Fancies.
Sm. 8vo. London, 1895.
Wain wright (T.). Reprint of the Barnstaple Records. Pub-
lished by J. R. Chanter and Thomas Wainwright, with correc-
tions and additions by T. Wainwright. 2 vols. 8vo. Barn-
staple, 1900. The Index by J. S. Attwood. [Originally
appeared in a newspaper.]
Walrond (Col. H.). Historical Records of the 1st Devon
Militia (4th Battalion Devonshire Regiment), with a Notice of
the 2nd and North Devon Militia Regiments. 27 Illustrations.
16 + 144 pp. Demy 8vo. London, 1897.
Walters (W.). Ilfracombe : a Health Resort A Guide to the
North Devon Coast. Illustrated. Post 8vo. Ilfracombe, n.d.
(Circa 1879.)
Ward (C. S.) and Baddelby (M. J. B.). North Devon and North
Cornwall. Guide from Exmoor to Land's End. Sm. 8vo. 1882.
- — . Another Edition, 1883.
Ward and Look. Pictorial and Historical Guide to North
Devon. London, n.d.
[There are several editions.]
Warkleigh Tabernacle (The). (E.D.A.S. II. v.) By S. Baring-
Gould.
Warriner (Rev. F. J.). Gleanings Old and New. With some
Original Pieces. 18mo. Barnstaple, 1838.
Watkins (J.). An Essay towards a History of Bideford in the
County of Devon. 8vo. Exeter (E. Grigg), 1792.
. Reprint. 12mo. Bideford, 1883.
Wear Gifford. The Ancient Manor House. (E.D.A.S. I. vL).
See Ashworth.
. Rectors of. See Dredge and Hingeston-Randolph.
Werrington. An Act to enable Sir William Morice to grant to
the Incumbent of the Parish Church of Werrington ... a
Piece of Ground belonging to the Capital Messuage of Werring-
ton. .. . 1740.
. An Act Authorizing the Endowment of the Curacies of
Werrington and St Giles-in-the-Heath. ... 7 & 8 Vict. c. 46.
1844.
. The Drake Monument in Werrington Churchyard.
(D.N. & Q. i. 116, 158.)
. Act to enable Mary Jeffrys and others to make Leases
of Lands at Py worthy and Werrington, devised by the Will of
Sir W. Morice.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
392 AN INDEX TO THE PRINTED LITERATURE
Werrington. A Sermon preached at the Consecration of the
Parish Church of Werrington, Sept. 7th, 1743, by William
Hole, m.a. pp. 42. 8vo. Oxford, 1743.
West Buckland Year Book and Kalendar for 1857. 2 Illustra-
tions. 8vo. Southmolton, 1857.
[Includes articles on Exmoor, &c]
Westleigh (Bideford). A Sermon preached in the Parish Church
of Westleigh on Sunday, 25th of November, being the day
appointed by the Inhabitants for Returning Thanks to Almighty
God for deliverance from Asiatic Cholera. By the Rev. Henry
Alford, a.m. Bideford, 1832.
(Burlescombe). See Dowrm,
Westward Ho! Encroachment of the Sea at Westward Ho!
(D.A. 1877.) See Appleton.
. Hand List of Plants occurring near Westward Ho ! See
Evans.
. See under North Devon.
Westward Ho! or the Voyages of Sir Amyas Leigh. See
King8ley.
Whale (Rev. T. W.). The Manors in Bratton Clovelly.
(D.A. 1895.)
Whitstone. Carved Stone found in the Parish of Whitstone.
(D.A. 1878.) By T. Andrew.
Whyte-Melville (G. J.). Katerfelto : a Story of Exmoor.
[There are several editions.]
Willand. A Sermon preached at Willand, 7th Feb., 1799, at the
interment of John Westcott, Yeoman, who died of a melan-
choly accident. By the Rev. J. Dennis, b.o.l. London and
Exeter, 1799.
Williams (T. H.). Devonshire Scenery, etc. Illustrated. 2 vols.
8vo. Exeter, 1827-8.
[Vol. ii. has the following title: "Devonshire: or Direc-
tions to the Scenery and Antiquities, containing a general
route to the North of Devon and to the Borders of Dartmoor.
6 Etchings."]
. A Tour to the North of Devon, including Barnstaple,
Tawstock, Lynton, Lynmouth, and the Valley of Stones.
9 Etchings. London, 1802.
. Picturesque Excursions in North Devon. 28 Etchings.
Exeter, 1804.
Wills (C). A Short Historical Sketch of Barnstaple, including
its Manufactures, Trade, and Commerce. 8vo. Barnstaple
(Hearson), 1855.
Wiltshire, Charles. A Panegyric. See Strong.
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RELATING TO NORTH DEVON. 393
Winkleigh. History of the Manor and Church of Winkleigh
(1876). See Worthy.
. Divinity, or Discourses on the Being of God, etc. By
the Rev. W. Davy, a.b., Vicar of Winkleigh. With a Memoir
of his Life by the Rev. C. Davy. 3 vols. Portrait. Exeter,
1827.
[Davidson says " the life of the author presents one of the
most curious examples on record of perseverance in literary
labour under extreme difficulties."]
Witheridge. Caraboo, a narrative of a Singular Imposition prac-
tised. . . . with a portrait of Mary Wilcox by Branwhite,
and a folding plate, •' Caraboo, Princess of Javasu," after
E. Bird, r.a. 8vo. Bristol, 1817.
[The story of Mary Wilcox, of Witheridge, in Devon, who
imposed upon certain people "residing in the vicinity of
Bristol."]
Wood (T. Winter) [ Vanguard], A Drive to North Devon in the
Summer of 1887.
Woolby (H.). Description of Moulton. 12mo. 1842.
Worth (R. N.). Early Days in Southmolton. (D.A. 1894.)
. Tourist's Guide to Devonshire. In two parts, South and
North. 8vo. 1880.
. Tourist's Guide to North Devon and the Exmoor District.
8vo. London, 1879.
. 2nd Edition. London, 1880.
. Another Edition. London, 1890.
Worthy (C). History of the Manor and Church of Winkleigh,
in the County of Devon. 8vo. Plymouth, 1876. [Also D.A.
1876.]
. Notes — Genealogical and Historical; being a second
"Essay towards a History of Bideford." 8vo. 1884. (D.A.
1884.)
Thomas Chafe of Doddescote, Gentleman. (D.A. 1887.)
Wrepord (Reginald). Jan Clattery at the Devonsheer Dinner.
Tiverton, n.d.
Wret (Florence). Tawstock Church, North Devon. With 8
Illustrations. 4to. Barnstaple, 1892.
Wyke, North. See Lega-Weekes.
Zeal Monachorum. Case of George Parker and Mary Larabe
respecting the Estates of Edmund Parker at Zeal Mona-
chorum. Folio.
. See Oxenham.
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A FORGOTTEN EPISODE IN DEVON COUNTY
HISTORY.
BT REV. J. BR8KINE-RISK, M.A.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
As regards the early history of the Dowrish family, one of
the first notices we have is on a gravestone of Thomas
Dowrish in Crediton Church, dated A.D. 1464. Now that
the Record Office muniments are accessible, we find an
inquisitio post-mortem of another Thomas Dowrish, dated
August 7th, 1483 (1 Richard III.). Richard, son of Thomas
Dowrish, first named, is recorded as having given half
Stockleigh-English manor on the marriage of his daughter
Katharine Dowrish to John SnedalL In the Dowrish
pedigree (College of Arms) and in the original Heralds
Visitation (HarL MS. 1163, fo. 61) it is stated that the
barton and manor of Upton Helion were given with
Katharine Dowrish at the same time. The name Dowrish
was originally written De Duris, for in an ancient deed
granting certain lands near the river Creedy to the church
of SSt. Mary, in Upton Helion, we find among the names
of witnesses Nicholas de Duris as well as William de Helion.
Dowrish House, in the parish of Sandford, was for a long
time inhabited by a family spelling their name Duris.
William de Dourishe was lord of this land in the reign of
Henry III., and when Risdon wrote it was the inheritance
of Thomas Dourish, son of Walter Dourish by Lord Carew's
sister. Dowrish House remained in the family till a.d. 1717,
as we shall see later, from the time of King John, or
some say earlier. About a.d. 1717 the trouble began.
Thomas Dowrish died 10th February, 1483, and in the
inquest on Thomas Dowrish, who died December 7th, 1552,
Katharine's husband is referred to as Snytell, but the
College of Arms makes it Snedall. We are told now
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A FORGOTTEN EPISODE IN DEVON COUNTY HISTORY. 395
that the family Snedall, or Snetyle, originally came from
Exboume. Now the manor of "Stokely English" was
for a time held under the Marchioness of Dorset in the
fifteenth and early in the sixteenth century under military
service. Henry Gray, Duke of Suffolk, son of the Mar-
chioness of Dorset, was attainted and beheaded 23rd
February, 1553-4, and his lands (by overlordship) were
forfeited to the Crown, in whom the chief lordship thus
came to be vested. This may explain why the patronage
of Stockleigh-English is now vested in the Crown. Thomas,
son of Walter Dowrish, gambled away most of the property,
and lost Kennerleigh, at a game of piquet, to his cousin
Northcote. Much of other property was also acquired from
Dowrish by Northcote's father, when he married Elizabeth
Dowrish, whence it came by descent to Lord Iddesleigh.
A present interest now attaches to this from the recent
sale of Kennerleigh to Mr. James Lee, the tenant of the
manor-house, for £9,000.
In the eighteenth century there was much talk among the
county families of Devon whether any descendant of Dowrish
would turn up to claim this ancient estate, as it was the
general belief that it was not in possession of the direct
line. It was thought that Elizabeth, widow of Lewis
Dowrish, who fell from his horse and broke his neck at
Dowrish Bridge, had retained possession of Dowrish, and
her brother-in-law, William Dowrish, claimed, but died
before the case was settled. The said Elizabeth married
(secondly) Charles Challis, jun., and had a daughter named
Mary, who married Lock. Early in the nineteenth century
a Mrs. Lock tried to claim Dowrish and some "Joll"
property, but her lawyer, after much labour in vain,
found by her information that he must seek and find out the
marriage of George Joll and Margaret Dowrish, and if they
left any descendants to the property, to whom, if any, the
said property rightly belonged. He discovered a gentleman
whose grandmother was the daughter of Joll, the son of
Margaret Dowrish, who was buried June 10th, 1694, at
Altarnun as " Dame Margaret Joll"
The estate belonged to her brother, Nathaniel Dowrish, the
petitioner in the Court of Chancery of 2nd June, 1704; and
if not, to the right heirs of William Dowrish, brother of
Lewis, who broke his neck at Dowrish Bridge. The general
interest arose from the Dowrish alliances. Mary Dowrish,
only sister of the Earl of Totnes, was niece of Sir Gawen
Carew, who married the sister of Charles Brandon, Duke of
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396 A FORGOTTEN EPISODE IN DEVON COUNTY HISTORY.
Suffolk, who married Mary Queen of France, sister of Henry
VIII. The Thomas Dowrish on the brass gambled the manor
of Kennerleigh to his cousin Northcote. By intermarriage
Dowrish and Northcote represented Helion the Norman.
Dowrish had Credy Helion and Upton Helion. The brother
of Thomas Peyton (on the brass) married the first cousin of
King Edward VI., a daughter of Admiral Lord Seymour,
who married the widow of King Henry VIII. Hence many
Devon county families tried to claim connection with ancient
Dowrish. However, on the passage of Lord Campbell's
Statute of Limitations Bill in 1330 the lineal descendants
of Margaret Joll were debarred by the simple right of long
undisputed possession.
In general outline of the subject we append some copies of
documents from the Record Office, viz. " Nathaniel Dowrish
v. Jacob, and Lewis Dowrish. Proceedings in Chancery."
We give the shorter Bill of Complaint appended to the long
one, of same date (2nd June, 1704): — "To the Right Hon.
Sir Nathan Wright, Kt., Ld. Keeper of the Great Seal of
England." Also the reply, " made at Exeter, 30th December,
1704, before Commissioners appointed, viz. Chas. Challis,
Geo. Palmer, junr., Nicholas Seaward." Also a copy of the
long-looked-for certificate of the marriage of George Joll
(written "George Gollye" in the register) and Margaret
Dowrish, 4th January, 1674. The licence1 was found in
Exeter Registry, but there was no thought of looking for
the marriage registry in Stockleigh-English, though that had
been an old possession of the Dowrishes.
1 " 1674-5, Jan* 2d, Licencia inter Georgium Joll, et Margarettam Dow-
rish de Sandford." — Act Book, Bishop's Registry, Exeter.
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.A FORGOTTEN EPISODE IN DEVON COUNTY HISTORY. 397
Memoranda of Dowrishes mentioned in the Chancery
Proceedings in 1704.
Claiming Testator.
Lewis Dowrish, ost. 18 in 1620.
Buried, 1667, in Sandford.
Testatrix — Prowse, etc.
Ann, daughter of Edwd Davye,
of Ruxford, and relict of Rob.
Tripe, whom she married 24
Jan., 1623, at Sandford. Mar-
ried Bowber at Stockleigh-
English. Born 30 Decr, 1604.
Buried 22 Nov., 1671, at Sand-
ford, ostat 67.
Lewis Do : Baptd 10 April at
Sandford, 1638.
Buried May, 1689, at Sand-
ford.
= 1. Fanny Jacob, of Tavistock.
Married 20 Oct., 1 657. Buried
2d March, 1670-1, at Sandford.
= 2. Agnes Palmer, of Hereford.
Married (lie.) 15 May, 1676,
Exeter. Bu : 23 Augt, 1705,
at Sandford.
Walter Do : obiit sine prole.
Nathaniel Do: Petitioner.
Baptised 7 Jan*, 1643-4.
o.s.p. 6 Nov., 1713. Will
dated 28 Nov., 1710. Pro-
bate 27 April, 1714.
= Anasta8ia Uayne. Married 3
Dec', 1630. Will D. 1721.
Prob. 7 Jan*, 1736-7.
John Dowrish. Bp. 7 Jan.,
1667-8. Buried 23d Sept.,
1702, at Sad; unmarried.
Lewis Do : Bpd 1677. Bu :
17th Sept., 1717. as.p.
Broke his neck at Dowrish
Bridge.
= Elizfch, dau. of Tho. Clark, of
Herts, remarried Chas. Challis,
junr, of Lyon's Inn, by whom
she had a daughter Mary, after-
wards Mrs. Lock.
Geo. Joll = Margaret Dowrish.
Married 4 Jan*, 1674, at
Stockleigh-English. Descend-
ant still living.2 Buried at
Altarnun, Cornwall, as Dame
Margaret Joll.
2 The register was discovered lately by the present rector of Stockleigh-
English, and has been duly photographed in proof thereof.
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398 A FORGOTTEN EPISODE IN DEVON COUNTY HISTORY.
William, brother of Lewis, commenced proceedings in
January, 1718 (new style). Elizabeth answered February,
1717/8, or 1718 (new style).
"Elizth Dowrish, 8 Feb., 1717 (old style), lodged her Bill of
Complaint v. Wm Dowrish.
"3 Feb*, 1717.8 To the Right Hon. Wm Lord Cowper,
Baron of Wingham, Ld. High Chancellor of Gt
Britain.
"Extract from Plaint: 'Lewis Dowrish had no issue by
Oratrix (i e. Petitioner). He was seized in fee of the Reversion
of Dowrish, and being so seised, 9 Oct., 1709, made his Will,
and 13 Sept., 1717, her husband Lewis Dowrish died, Oratrix
proved his will, and she is advised that she is become well entitled
to the fee and inheritance of Dowrish. But so it is, that Wm
Dowrish, brother, and heir at law, to her late husband tries to
defeat the benevolent intention of her husband, with whom she
lived in great affection till his Death.' "
" Answer of Wm Dowrish, gent., to Bill of Complaint of Elizabeth
Dowrish, widow, 8 Novr, 5 Geo. 1718.
" Inter alia, knows not of what estate that sd Lewis was seised
in Dowrish, E. Burridge, &c, situate in Sandford, but hath heard
that Lewis did levy fine, and suffer recovery, and otherwise made
such settlement after marriage with Elizabeth that the premises
were charged with an annuity of £80 a year to his mother, since
dead, and mortgage of £1,200, &c. Wm. Dowrish also in Bill of
Complaint, 21 Jan7, 1718-9, denies that it was competent for
Lewis to levy fine, or suffer recovery, as he then had no estate nor
interest when making will in 1709. 'Elizth Dowrish answered, he
expected to have it in due time."
In proof of destruction of his father's last will, Nathaniel
Dowrish stated that his brother Lewis had duly paid him
and his sister, Margaret Dowrish, certain legacies in accord-
ance with that will. Moreover, his brother Lewis had de-
vised the same to him in trust to pay debts. In either case
Lewis, who died in 1717, was incompetent to levy a fine or
suffer a recovery. In fine, Nathaniel's right to Dowrish was
as " remainder man " under the said father s will.
So far we are enabled to see that Lewis Dowrish's widow
wished to establish a claim on the Dowrish estate which the
Dowrish family repudiated. Elizabeth Dowrish, however,
8 Old style 1717 was carried out 25 March. We now write 1717/8.
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A FORGOTTEN EPISODE IN DEVON COUNTY HISTORY. 399
married Mr. Charles Challis, of Lyon's Inn, barrister-at-
law, and by him had a daughter who married a Mr. Lock.
Mrs. Lock held possession of Dowrish for years, but appar-
ently could make out no valid claim other than possession,
which we all know is nine points of the law. Proceedings
were therefore initiated for discovering the true lineal heir,
and all was ready for making good his claim, when Margaret
Dowrish's certificate of marriage could nowhere be found, as
search was made everywhere but in this parish with which
the Dowrishes had so long been connected. The licence had
been discovered in the Bishop's Eegistry. It was on turning
over the old records that the present rector discovered the
desiderated entry as follows: —
" 1674. George Gollye and Margreat Dowrish were married
the 4th day of Januarye."4
4 This certificate was not found in 1830, nor was the licence entry, and
Lord Campbell's Statute of Limitations Act effectually debarred all further
proceedings against those so long in undisputed possession. And hence came
the power to will away the property to parties in whose veins flowed no
particle of Dowrish blood.
APPENDIX.
Sir John Maclean, f.s.a., writes : " The Earl of Totnes is
represented by the descendants of Mary Carew, his sister, who
married Walter Dowrish of Dowrish. The descent is now em-
bodied in a living descendant." — Herald and Genealogist, vii. 19.
The Dowrish daughters who married Northcote and Snydell
had large dowries. Thomas Dowrish, in a.d. 1592, levied a fine
for younger branches. Fine, 34 Eliz*11, Trin. John Stukeley,
Armiger; Wm. Bodleigh, Arm. (Quer.) [KB. — Quer. for querist,
law term] ; Thomas Dowrish, Arm. ; Hugo Dowrish, Clericus ;
Clement Dowrish, generosus ; Wm. Dowrish, gener. ; Bobt. Dow-
rish gener. Deforciants, de Manor de Kennerleghe, Aller, Stoke-
ley-Englishe, cumpt. 60 mess. gard. orch., 1,000 acres terra, 100
acr. mead, 1,000 acr. past, 100 acr. wood, 1,000 acr. Down, &c,
&c, in Kennerlegh, Stokeley-English, Sandford, Crediton, Del-
bridge, etc., etc. £40 sterling pd. Nominal figure, common for
large properties at the time.
Gertrude Dowrish, first Davy, and second Bowber, in Col. Vivian's
Visitation of Devon, is represented as giving Prowse to Davy.
This is not quite correct, for she gave it first to the Dowrishes in
tail male, and remainder in default to Davy. Col. Vivian did not
give Gertrude Dowrish's second marriage to Bowber, which
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400 A FORGOTTEN EPISODE IN DEVON COUNTY HISTORY.
appears on Stockleigh-English Church Register. Lewis Dowrish
died in 1717. He made his will in 1709, devising Dowrish to
his wife Elizabeth, while Nathaniel, his uncle, in whom alone
it was really vested, was still alive. Nathaniel left it to the said
Lewis, with remainder to his younger brother William, or his
right heirs for ever. William, however, it was who died in-
testate, and the correction has been made on brass at Sandford
Church.
To the long Bill of Complaint is appended a shorter Bill,
same date (2nd June, 1704), addressed " To the Right Honble.
Sir Nathan Wright, Kt, Ld. Keeper of the Great Seal of
England."
"Humbly complaining sheweth unto yr Lordship yr Orator
[i.e. Petitioner = 0. posted] Nathaniel Dourish of Plym0 merchant
in the Co of Devon that yr 0* late father having in his lifetime
three sons that is to say Lewis Do his eldest son Walter Do his
second son & yr 0 his youngest son & the sd Walter Do & yr O
were by their sd father put or bound out apprentice & particularly
yr O was bound out to the Trade of Merchant & the sd Lewis Do
yr O* eldest bro : continued to dwell at home with the sd Lewis
Do the Father at Dowrish aforesaid & was married & had a son
named John Do : in the life time of the sd Lewis Do the Father
& the sd Lewis Do the son happening to be somewhat extravagant
& by that means disobliged the sd Lewis Do. the Father <fc the sd
Lewis Do : the Father being seised in his demesne as of fee
simple of & in several messuages lands tents & hereditaments in
the Co of Devon of considerable yearly value & being afraid that
the sd Lewis Do the son wd soon after his death waste & consume
the 8d ancient Estate & ruin his family & for continuing the sd
Estate in the name ["and blood"] of the Dowrishes did before
his death make his last Will & Test*& thereby did give & bequeath
all his mess : lnd tenu & heredit8 unto the sd Lewis Do his eldest
son for the term of his natural life without any power to make any
jointure or sell or dispose of any of the sd lands & after his decease
unto the s4 John Do : his son & the issue male of his body & for
want of such issue & the remainder to the sd Walter Do & the
heirs male of his body & for want of such issue then to yr 0 &
his heirs & assigns for ever & yr 0 further sheweth that the
8d Lewis Do continuing in his extravagant way of living & being
necessitous & wanting of money being about to marry a second
wife but finding that by reason the sd lands & mess* were so
settled as aforesd in & by his sd father's will that he was only
Tenant for life & not able to raise money to pay his debts or to
make provision for a second wife & that the sd Lewis Do by the
advice of the confederates hereafter named has cancelled burnt or
destroyed the same so that it cannot be found all which actions of
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Hi
SB — —
Is!
J •
3
5
ca
I
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A FORGOTTEN EPISODE IN DEVON COUNTY HISTORY. 401
the confederates are contrary to equity & good conscience & tend
to yr 0B great wrong & injury chiefly that the confederates answer
the premises & yr O relieved may it please yr Lordship & will
Lewis Do Jn° Jacob & Agnes Do & the rest of the confed* when
discovd thereby commanding them," etc. ' ™ Pkngelly
" 30 Dec, 1704, Lewis Dowrish at Exeter made answer before
Commissioners appointed, viz. Chas. Challis Geo. Palmer jun.
Nicho Seaward.
" Dowrich was the ancient seat of the family of Dowriches but
he could not answer from his own knowledge most of the charges
made by Nat Do. because they related to things which happened
before he was born & knows not whether Lewis Dowrich his
grandfather ever made a will, but he had heard that his grand-
father died intestate & had seen a renunciation of Anne, relict of
his grandfather, to the right of administration to his goods &
chattels & letters of Admin11 were granted to Lewis Do : his late
father [Anne Dowrish was dau : of Emmanuel Davye of Kuxford in
Sandford. — It looks suspicious she would not Administer, and held
her peace] who was reputed seizd in fee simple of Dowrich & did
charge & settle same as [Nathaniel was much abroad] Nat Do sets
forth & levied some fine thereof [which he had no right to do as
shown in a future Bill of Complaint of his brother William the
last of the Dowrishes (see photo of the Dowrish brass in Sandford
Church)] & settle a jointur of £80 a year on Agnes his second
wife, mother of defendant, & did make a will devising Dourich
on his son John by his first wife but whether with or without the
consent of Nat1 Dourich th Orator he knew not, but he heard &
believed that Nat Do. at the request of sd John Do : did accept
the Trust reposed in him by the sd Lewis Do the defendant's
father & did consent to certain mortgages executed by sd John
Do : to pay his father's debts.
"And this Def* hath heard & believes that Gartrude Bowber
deceased [nee Dowrish & widow of Davye (see marriage with
Bowber at Stock leigh-English, as per register : " Mr. Robert Bow-
ber and Mrs. Garthured (trie) Davie, widdowe, married December
23d, 1678, by Rector of Woolfardisworthy, Mr. James Rowe")]
in the Bill named the complainants Sister was seized of the Manor
Farm &c. [of Prowse] in the Bill mentioned & did duly make
her last will & Test1 in writing & devised the same manor farm
& lands to John Do : in fee & not with any remainder thereof
to the Compl* & died without revoking and altering her sd
will which Will this Defdt did once see in the Custody of the sd
John Do: after the death of the sd Gertrude Bowber but this
defdt hath not the same ! nor any copy thereof nor knoweth
where the same is nor what is become thereof but believes that
the sd John Do : kept & never proved the same & this Defdt was
VOL. XXXIV. 2 C
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402 A FORGOTTEN EPISODE IN DEVON COUNTY HISTORY,
not ever privy to or knowing of the burning cancelling suppressing
or destroying the same or ever consented thereto but hath a suit
defending in this Honw Court with other legatees of the said
Gartrude Bowber to whom this defdt was also a legatee against
the other Defdt John Jacob the Executor of the sd John
Dowrish the executor of the sd Gartrude Bowber for the dis-
covery of the 8d Will & payment & satisfaction of their respective
legacies.
"Anastasia widow of Nat Do claimd & Wm bro of the last
Lewis who broke his neck, so, if Nat Do : had no claim, the next
heir of Wm had."
Copy of Register, Stoddeigh-English, near Orediton.
1674.
George Gollye and Margreat Dourrish were married the 4th
day of Januarye.
1678.
Mr. Robert Bowber and Mrs. Garthured Davie, widdowe, were
married Decemb. 23, Anno predicto, by Mr. James
Rowe, Rector of Woolfardisworthy.
Copied by me, J. Erskine-Risk, M.A., Rector of Stockleigh-
Englishy this Nineteenth day of August, 1902.
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Tty, is communicated by request
fi West-country families.
— J
J Digitized by GoOgk
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TWELVE MONTHS' NOTES ON BIKDS IN THE
SOUTH HAMS DISTRICT:
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NIGHTINGALES IN DEVON.
BT E. A. 8. ELLIOT, M.R.C.S., M.B.O.U.
(Read at Bide ford, July, 1902.)
I have notes of but few species worthy of record in the
South Hams district; but those birds I have noticed are
interesting because of the problems they present in avi-
faunian life and the difficulty in solving them.
On October 28th a Brent Goose was captured alive, but
injured, at Borough Island. It lived but a few days and was
sent in to me. The bird was of the white-breasted form.
I find the following entry in my note-book: —
" An interesting specimen, captured at Borough Island and sent
in. It was extremely thin and a small specimen, weighing less
than If lbs. Some injury to the back appears to have contributed
to its death. The bird was the white-breasted form, quite as white
as a Bernacle goose, and it has no white collar. A ? imm."
There are two, if not three, races of Brent Geese which
visit the shores of the British Islands. One, the so-called
East Atlantic form, our typical Brent Goose; this comes
from the Arctic islands of Europe, and has the neck and
upper breast black, ending abruptly in a well-marked line,
and the belly smoke-grey. In the West Atlantic form, from
Greenland, the under parts below the breast are pure white.
This latter is much the less common. From the valley of the
Lena eastwards to Behring Strait the Black Brent, with
the belly nearly as black as the breast, and no distinct lines
of parting between the two shades. In this the white
marks on each side of the neck are continuous in front.
2 c 2
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404 BIRDS IN THE SOUTH HAMS DISTRICT.
The white-bellied race is very local, and is perhaps more
frequently met with as a winter visitor on the east coast of
England than anywhere else in the British Islands. But
the point is this, in Kolguev all three forms are met with,
and Mr. Trevor - Batty e describes how here the Samoyeda
slay their thousands in a single drive when the birds have
shed their flight feathers and are incapable of flight after
the breeding season; and how he found an intergradation
between each race in the question of marking. I myself
have shot on the Kingsbridge estuary birds that could not
be referred to either type, so here we get opened up a ques-
tion as to specific or sub-specific rank.
On November 16th of last year a shore shooter brought
me a Spoonbill which he had shot the previous night on the
estuary whilst waiting to get a shot at Widgeon. He heard
the bird feeding — that is, snapping its broad, spatulate bill-
some time before he caught sight of the bird. The extra-
ordinary form of this bird's beak instantly suggests its
surface-feeding habits; but if we reflect for a moment on
the subject of birds' bills, which are hand and mouth in one,
whole avenues of thought are opened up as to how the
different shapes of bills have become evolved. If all bills
were alike we can imagine what a vast surface would pass
unworked.
On July 25th of last year I found a Corn Bunting's
(Emberiza miliaria) nest in a tussock of bents on the warren
at Thurlestone. It contained three eggs, one of which was a
Cuckoo's. This egg was of the ordinary rounded type, and
not so heavily blotched or streaked as the other two, and was
moreover perfectly fresh; the others were of the elongated
type, and were just on the point of hatching. Although
very many points have been cleared up about the extra-
ordinary parasitic habit of this bird, I can find no reference
to any observation of a like occurrence, that is of a Cuckoo
placing its egg in the nest of a bird that would naturally be
sitting close; and the point is this, Could that egg have
been hatched ? and if so, could a just-hatched Cuckoo eject
two nearly, if not quite fully, fledged birds ? Of course, it
is a very late date for a Cuckoo to be laying.
Grey Wagtail. On May 18th of last year I found a nest
of this species, containing five eggs, in a somewhat unusual
position. It was built in a niche of the cattle platform of
Loddiswell Station, where not only trucks were constantly
loading and unloading, but trains passing frequently through
the day. This seems to prove that the species is singularly
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BIKDS IN THE SOUTH HAMS DISTRICT. 405
tolerant of noise, a trait evolved no doubt from the habit of
this bird frequenting the banks of our boulder - strewn
streams, where the waters pour down in ever thundering
rush.
Peregrine Falcons are much in evidence in our neighbour-
hood. I constantly see either a single bird or a pair, both
on the coast and inland. I saw a magnificent stoop of one
at some poultry close to a dwelling-house not long since, but
the fowls took shelter under some laurels in very quick time.
Just lately in our neighbourhood a Peregrine met its end
in a very undignified way. A keeper's wife hearing a com-
motion in the poultry yard, ran out and found a falcon had
seized a fowl, but in rising with its prey had got entangled
in the wire netting. She seized a stick and laid the robber
prostrate beside its victim.
The vision of these birds and also that of the Kestrel is
wonderful. I have often seen them circling high in the
cloudless sky looking out for some unsuspecting ground
game, when the Peregrines themselves would be almost
invisible to the naked eye.
The attenuate wing of this species always makes it
possible to tell it from a Buzzard, however far off.
A Glaucous Gull frequented Dartmouth Harbour all the
winter, and was observed by Mr. E. W. H. Holdsworth, F.Z.S.,
repeatedly. It is one of the white- winged species, and not
often seen on our south coast, its natural habitat being
farther north.
We find the following account of Woodcocks in Daniel's
Rwral Sports, edited in 1807 : —
" But the greatest havoc is made in Cornwall and Devonshire
by glade nets hung in the woods. [These nets are still in use
at Buckland Filleigh, and near Mamhead.— E. E., 19021 The
Exeter coach has brought thirty dozen in a week up to the London
markets, where the price is now so exorbitant that they sometimes
sell from ten to sixteen shilling the couple [the writer has pre-
viously stated that about forty years before they sold from sixpence
to sevenpence a couple. — E. E.]."
" The neighbourhood of Torrington in Devonshire is remarkable
for Woodcocks and Snipes. One Person has been known to send
Birds of that description to London to the amount of from Seven-
teen to Nineteen hundred pounds in the course of one season."
This means the killing of 3,400 Woodcock and Snipe at
the lowest computation. I wonder if they are as plentiful
there now ?
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406 BIRDS IN THE SOUTH HAMS DISTRICT.
An incident concerning Woodcock may perhaps be
pardoned by you, although it does not strictly relate to
literature, science, or art. I was shooting alone in a big,
bracken-strewn brake— possibly treading in the very same
footsteps made by that father of British ornithology, Colonel
Montagu, who had the same privilege of shooting in these
woods a hundred years ago as I have now— when I flushed
a Woodcock. I brought him down, when just as I was about
to pick him up, he flew off again, much to my surprise;
however, the other barrel brought him down again. But
I had made a mistake ; there was my first Woodcock lying
dead, close to my feet ; the second bird was, I suppose, so
terrified at a dead Woodcock falling so near that he lay very
close and allowed me almost to put my hand on him.
This reminds me of another incident connected with these
birds. Two ancient Nimrods, bosom friends, were shooting
in a small spinney, when a Woodcock rose and was promptly
brought down. The first sportsman, whom we will designate
as A., went forward to pick up the bird, when B. cut in
with, "Here, that's my bird; I shot that bird." "Indeed
you didn't," said A., " and anyhow I am going to put him in
my pocket." High words would probably now have ensued
and a life-long friendship been severed, but on turning
round, the retriever was found with another Woodcock in
his mouth. The fact was two birds must have risen at the
same moment, and both sportsmen had tired simultaneously,
neither knowing that the other had fired.
I feel sure all of us will be interested in the question
of Nightingales in Devon, and this year I determined,
if only for my own satisfaction, to put the matter at
rest as to whether the birds did occur in tolerable numbers
in the valley of the Teign. On May 14th I went up to
Trusham and found the stationmaster, Mr. Haywood, who
had asserted that Nightingales were in evidence at Trusham
both this year and last, quite ready to point out where
I should hear and perhaps see the songsters. Indeed, we
had not far to go, for just opposite the station is a wooded
knoll. And here for just three hours at midday I listened
to two, if not three, birds singing one against the other.
I often got close to them, but on account of their shy
habits, resembling in this way the Blackcap, I failed to get
a glimpse of them until just before I was leaving, when
one of the songsters flew right out against me. from the
thicket
On making inquiry of the quarrymen I found that they
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BIRDS IN THE SOUTH HAMS DISTRICT. 407
were quite familiar with the note, and had known the bird
in that locality for at least thirty years. The reason why
Nightingales have been so overlooked is probably because
the place is somewhat secluded, and the reason why they are
found here, and possibly within a radius of ten miles, is that
the valley of the Teign is a natural route of migration
across the county from the north coast of Devon. The
birds cross England by the Wash and Bristol Channel
route, strike the north coast of our county, and follow the
Taw or Torridge until they reach the head waters of the
Teign. Their natural food also is abundant — ant cocoons,
etc — and the tangled undergrowth is eminently suited to
their skulking habits. I have not the slightest doubt that
the bird occurs in the valley of the Dart also, for I have
found the particular species of ant in the great woods there.
Ten days later I again visited the spot, as a nest had been
found, to which I was at once piloted. The nest was quite
typical and placed under a clump of bluebells then in
full flower, a most aesthetic retreat amongst the oak scrub.
The eggs, however, were hatched, but no one could mistake
the five black little hairy mites with yellow, gaping bills.
In the course of a walk within a radius of two miles of
Trusham Station I located no less than seven males in song,
from which we may reasonably conclude they were mates
of nesting females. I also found another nest containing
five eggs, and as the female was sitting hard, presume they
were on the point of hatching. The male of this sitting
bird was the only one in full song ; the other males sang
disjointedly, quite differently from the way they were sing-
ing on my previous visit.
The song of the Nightingale has been extolled, and
rightly so, mainly perhaps because it sings its best when
the sound of other birds is hushed ; but to my ear the song
of a good old Devonshire thrush on a summer's morning
appeals with greater sweetness, announcing as it does that
chill winter no longer lingers in the lap of spring.
Nightingales were also reported by competent observers
as occurring at or near Torbryan, Chudleigh, and Ipplepen
in the spring of this year. Some people fancy Nightingales
are found only where cowslips grow — on the principle, I
suppose, of those who believe that the Cuckoos turn to
Hawks in winter. I can only assure these misguided ones
that there are no indigenous cowslips to be seen in the Teign
valley; and, again, that cowslips are common in North
Cornwall, yet the Nightingale is not heard west of the Tamar.
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408 BIRDS IN THE SOUTH HAMS DISTRICT.
Since writing the above I have again visited the valley of
the Teign, and am convinced some of the Nightingales have
had a second brood, because I saw an old bird feeding a quite
recently hatched young one. Now, taking it for granted that
the seven nesting birds I was cognisant of had four young
each, and say three out of the seven had a second brood with
the same number of young, we get forty young birds. It
may possibly seem surprising to you that we do not find
a much greater diffusion of the species in the county.
There are several agencies at work to counteract this
increase. First of all there is a limited food supply. Then
there is the human element to be taken into account:
thousands of these birds, together with other warblers, are
caught on migration on the Mediterranean littoral, and used
as food under the name of bee-fin ; every small bird is a bee-
fin or a bec-figue to a foreigner, be it Lark, Bunting, Sparrow,
or Warbler, and they are eaten with avidity. In Naples,
even Black Terns are caught and sold at two or three a
penny, played with with a piece of string around the leg till
they die, and then eaten. Besides all this, the Nightingale
has a host of natural enemies in its winter quarters, so
we need not indeed be surprised because the increase is
not noticed to be greater. It is, I believe, steadily on the
increase, but limited and quite local.
As giving an instance of natural checks on over-pro-
ductiveness— not that there is any analogy between this
instance and that of the Nightingale — I may point to the
case of the young Albatrosses, which are hatched in thousands
on the islands of the South Pacific and left helpless by
their parents for ten months, absorbing their mass of fat
in lieu of food whilst growing to the adult stage. Whilst
in this condition they are an easy prey to the Sea Hens
and Nellies, i.e. the Skuas, and it is estimated that not five
birds in a hundred leave the islands. Again, on some of the
islands at the mouth of one large river in the south of
Europe, there being no trees, the Herons, Ibises, and Cor-
morants have taken to nest on the ground, and space being
limited, the nests almost touch one another. As the weaker
species crawl out of the nest they are seized by some one or
more powerful neighbours, pulled to pieces and eaten. Such
are two gruesome instances of natural checks on over-pro-
ductiveness, by which we may see that not even the Nightin*
gale with its shy and skulking habits is exempt.
I am afraid from what fell from the lips of my worthy
friend Dr. Brushfield, last evening after dinner, that the
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BIRDS IN THE SOUTH HAMS DISTRICT. 409
question of Nightingales in Devon is looked upon as a hardy
annual, and is to be treated with that amount of levity or
playfulness in the art of which the Doctor is a past master.
He could have a quiet cut-in at the Warblers ; but, if
you remember, for the life of him he couldn't get into his
speech the Queen of Sheba. I can only say, in common
soberness, my records are based not only on a substratum
of fact, but on the solid bed-rock of truth. I do not ask
anyone to take my ipse dixit on this subject, but I implore
all those interested in the matter to pay a visit themselves,
personally, to the Teign valley next May — about the middle
of the month is the best time — when they will hear and
perhaps see the birds as I have done ; only (and this is im-
portant) if the observer is not quite sure that he can
recognise the song, he should take somebody with him who
can.
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EARLY NONCONFORMITY IN BIDEFORD.
BT MISS WICKHAM.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
Nonconformity in Bideford, according to Watkin (History
of Bideford), was of an early date. Probably the extreme
section of Puritans who rejected the Queen's supremacy in
Elizabeth's reign, known as Brownists, after the name of
their founder, had a root in Bideford. This sect all parties
agreed in persecuting; finally they were driven from the
country and transplanted themselves in New England. The
few from Bideford remembered the little white town, and
called their new home after it. These Brownists later were
known as Independents. The opening of the Long Parlia-
ment and the new spirit which pervaded the country
brought back some of the men whom persecution had
exiled. Hopes were raised throughout the country, and
in Devonshire especially the new spirit was rife.
In Bideford there was as curate at that time a Mr. William
Bartlet. He was the son of a William Bartlet of the city of
Exeter, and was born in that city or near it. He matricu-
lated at Oxford, a member of the New Inn, on the 4th
November, 1631, aged twenty-one years. He left the Uni-
versity without taking a degree, and retired to his own county,
where he had a cure. In 1641 he was at Bideford in the
office of Lecturer during the incumbency of the Rev. Philip
Isacke.
Heylin, in his Life of Laud, 1671, gives the origin of these
Lectureships.
" It was not long after the birth of this New Prince [Charles IL]
that the Feoffees for buying in Impropriations were called in ques-
tion. The project took beginning some four years since, when
Preston governed the Puritan faction, at what time it was
resolved amongst them to set up Stipendiary Lectures in all or
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EARLY NONCONFORMITY IN BIDEFORD. 411
almost all Market Towns, where the people had commonly less to
do and consequently were more apt to Faction and Innovation
than in other places . . . which that it might be done with the
less charge of the People, who commonly love that religion best
which comes cheapest to them, it was agreed to raise a common
Stock among them. ... To this end they erected a kind of
Corporation among themselves, consisting of 12 persons, clergy-
men, citizens and Lawyers, enabling them to receive and expend
such monies as their emissaries should bring in from their several
circuits."
Probably it was by such a corporation that Mr. William
Bartlet was placed in the Lectureship at Bideford. Heylin
says that "the Beneficed Clergy being but meanly provided for,
were forced to undertake some Lectures." Mr. William Bartlet,
having a growing family, was no doubt pleased to add to his
income by becoming a Lecturer. According to Heylin the
11 Lecturers as being the creatures of the People and depend-
ing wholly on the Purse of Wealthier Citizens, not only
over-topped them in point of Power and Reputation, but
generally of profit and Revenue also.,, They lectured on
" market days " and Sunday afternoon " as supplemental to
the regular Priest when he happened to be idle or given to
black and white surplices. "
(It may be interesting to note that these Lectureships were
revived in Bideford early in the nineteenth century on much
the same lines. Friction resulting between the Rector and
the Lecturer, the Lectureship was finally given up during the
incumbency of the Rev. F. L. Bazeley.)
In 1643 the Rector died, and was succeeded by the Rev.
Arthur Gifford, brother of the Cavalier leader, Colonel John
Gifford, and son of Arthur Gifford, of Brightly, Chittle-
hampton, and Annie, daughter of Thomas Leigh, of Borough,
Northam ; Mr. William Bartlet continuing in the Lectureship,
according to Dr. Oliver, who speaks of him as u his [Gifford's]
ungrateful curate." Gifford for his loyalty was sequestered
from his living. Boase gives the date as 1644, but Walker
and Prince agree that it was about the year 1648. Both
Walker and Prince attribute his ejection to the influence of
William Bartlet, who "had at that time gotten so much
interest as, in conjunction with other Sectaries of the Town,
to get Mr. Gifford sequestered and himself substituted in his
place." But as Mr. Gifford belonged to a family of noted
Royalists, it would probably have been difficult for him in
any case to keep the living. He could hardly take the oath
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412 EARLY NONCONFORMITY IN BIDEFORD.
required by the Presbyterian party : " I, A. B., do swear that
I will be true and faithful to the government established
without King or House of Peers," though, according to
Perry,1 some of the clergy contrived to do so.
Mr. Gifford, after his sequestration, refused to resign.
Calamy, in his Continuation, says "he got a body of men
into the Parsonage-house . . . and undertook to defend it
and maintain possession."
" This parsonage-house stands by itself in a very pleasant situa-
tion in the highest part of the town, and commands an extensive
and good prospect. It is built of stone, not hewen or free-stone,
but small stones digged out of the neighbouring quarries (belong-
ing to the parsonage). It hath a little Orchard about half a quarter
of an acre [now a lawn]. It hath a garden of about a quarter of
an acre."2
Mr. Gifford having entrenched himself in this pleasant
parsonage, continues Calamy, " a party of horse was ordered
from the garrison of Plymouth to dispossess him. The com-
manding officer came with his troop to Biddiford in the even-
ing, and resolving to execute his commission that night, rode
up to the house and found the doors shut against him. He
demanded entrance, and said he would use no violence if
Mr. Gifford and those within would surrender themselves,
otherwise he should be obliged to fire upon the House. Mr.
Gifford finding the House beset, desired the liberty of con-
versing with the Captain for which he had an opportunity
given him at one of the windows of the house. They soon
came to an agreement. Mr. Gifford and those within sur-
rendered themselves prisoners : And my informants declare
that Mr. Gifford was conducted to the Captain's lodging
without any abuse, as they know of, offered by the way."
Dr. Walker, on the other side, says that the " old Gentleman
did not quietly give up his living ; and therefore a party of
horse were ordered to force him out of it by violence, which
they did, and used him barbarously, throwing dirt upon
him and some spitting at him as he passed along the streets."
Both accounts are probably correct. The captain was no
doubt polite; but a troop of horse clattering up the High
Street would be followed by many who would throw mud
and shower insult with the greatest pleasure upon the losing
party.
At this time William Bartlet was in London, and there-
1 Hist. Church of England. * Watkin's Hist, of Bideford.
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EARLY NONCONFORMITY IN BIDEFORD. 413
fore had nothing to do with the actual turning of Mr. Gifford
from his pleasant parsonage.
According to Dr. Walker, in his Attempt towards Recover-
ing an Account of the Numbers and Sufferings of the Clergy
Sequestered in the Great Rebellion, " nor did the malice of his
[Mr. Gilford's] Successor and other Persecutors stop here ;
for when he would have Served the small Living of West-
leigh in the Neighbourhood of Bytheford and have kept
a School somewhere near the town also, they would not
suffer such an Eyesore ; and therefore obliged him to retire
from thence. After which he went to Great Torrington
in this county, where he lived with his Brother-in-law,
Mr. Harris, Recorder of that Town until the Restoration."
Prince, author of Worthies of Devon, who later was curate
at Bideford, agrees with this, but Calamy says that " they
know not that he [Bartlet] had the least concern in hinder-
ing it. This must be charged upon the Powers then in
being."
(Here, by the way, is a quaint account of the sequestration
of the living of Fremington, the Rev. Charles Churchill
incumbent: "An old woman of a Neighbouring Parish
was produced as an evidence of his being distempered with
Liquor, and the reason she alleged for it was, because his
Face was red ; whereas the poor Gentleman being troubled
with a Scorbutick Humour had never other than a Red
Face." He laughed loudly, and so "If he was not
drunk I am sure he was very Merry." Also " One of the
Commissioners stood up and very gravely gave in his Oath
that Mr. Churchill suffered his children to play at Cards
for Pins." He was accordingly turned out and went to
Somersetshire with his " Wife and Four children who were
compelled either to Beg or Starve.")
Bartlet was now in possession of the Bideford living.
In the Cromwellian Church Survey of 1650 is : —
" Biddiford— Rectory, value £130, received by the State : £100
is paid to a curat. Will Bartlot is curat, a constant pratising
minister. Patron Barnard Grenvell, Knight."8
In a short account of the Independent Church in Bideford
by the Rev. Charles Warren it is mentioned that in 1658
for the second time the Covenant was signed in Bideford
Church by Bartlet (Pastor), Daniel Slade (Ruling Elder),
Thos. Beale (Deacon), and fifty other persons.
' Lansdowne MSS.
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414 EARLY NONCONFORMITY IN BIDEFORD.
In 1662 came the turn of the Nonconformists to suffer.
Mr. Gifford returned to his living and "it seems to argue
somewhat of a particular Respect that Mr. Gifford had
for this Mr. Bartlet, that when they met and parted, at
Mr. Bartlet's surrendering the Keys to him upon his Return,
and Mr. Bartlet told him of the Greatness and Weight of
his Charge, he made this Answer, That he would do his best.
And when a zealous woman of the Town told Mr. Gifford
upon his Readmission that she had never been at Church
during all the Time of his Absence, he replied to her, ' The
verier Wretch thou.' "
Mr. Bartlet had let the Parsonage to weavers. Dr. Walker,
in his Attempt, charges him with having taken away the stones
of the walls to repair his own house. Calamy finds this
charge ridiculous, as there was a public quarry upon the
glebe (where the Rectory "wilderness" now is). Calamy goes
on : " That I may give the Doctor [Walker] a Rowland for
his Oliver, and make him some return for his Stumping
Story relating to good Mr. Bartlet" ; and here follows an
account of the Rev. Nathanial Eaton, the first President
of Harvard College in New England, who, leaving New
England and Virginia under a cloud, came to England,
and, "having Conformed to the Church of England, was
fixed in the very Town of Biddeford, where he became a
bitter Persecutor of those who kept faithful to that Way
of Worship which he himself had quitted." Eventually
Eaton was cast into prison for debt, and there died.
Bartlet and his son John Bartlet, ejected from the living
of Fremington, preached in private houses in and about
Bideford. In 1664 imprisonments and fines were enacted
against every person above sixteen years who should be
present at any meeting " under colour or pretence of any
exercise of religion in other manner than is allowed by the
Liturgy of the Church of England where there are five
persons more than the household." It may have been at
this time that Bartlet and his son preached to congregations
under cover of night at Ford Wood and Grange. "The
father was called Boanerges, the son Barnabas, this healed
where that had wounded."
Mr. Bartlet was "once imprisoned: and escaped at
another Time by a mistake of the Officers, who seized
another grave Man in his stead." He and his son were
licensed to preach in the house of one Mr. Beale, and we
read that the Mayor was informed that "the old Mr. Bartlett
was preaching in the said House, and that there was a great
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EARLY NONCONFORMITY IN BIDEFORD. 415
number of people gathered to him, and thereupon the Mayor
sent six Constables, two Serjeants at Mace, and one of the
Church Wardens, to know by what authority they mett in
the said House." Mr. Bartlett said " that he preacht there
by the same authority that constituted the Mayor to be
Mayor of the Towne . . . and soe proceeded on his sermon,
and very few (if any) of his auditors did leave the place
untill Mr. Bartlett had ended his sermon." He died in
1681, buried 23rd January.4 His friends wrote of him that
he was " Eminent for Humility, Strictness of life, Gravity,
Authority and Experience. A very Solid and Useful
Preacher. He wrote a small Treatise intit., The Model of
the Congregational Way." His enemies called him "that
lordly, independent preacher, William Bartlet," "a zealous
man in carrying out the factious interest."
Another man having considerable influence upon Non-
coniormity in Bideford was Mr. Lewis Stukely. " He wrote
his name Study. He was gentleman of Ancient Knightly
Family in this County, the Seat of which was at Aston in
West Worlington. . . . One of his Ancestors was Standard
Bearer to Queen Elizabeth. Sir Thomas Stukely was the
elder brother." Dr. Walker, in his Attempt, writes : —
" Mr. Theophilus Powel was turned out of Great Torrington
about the year 1646, and was then succeeded by the famous
Independent Mr. Lewis Stukely, but soon after went to Exeter
and began to gather a church in the Congregational Way, 1650.
Soon after the Restoration he was obliged to quit the Cathedral,
where he preached in the body of the Cathedral, and at
Bartholomew Day, 1662, he was silenced with the rest of his
Brethren. ... In the latter part of his life he liv'd and preach'd
a considerable part of his Time in Bytheford. He printed
Manifest Truth against Mr. Tobie Allein and A Gospel Olass.
He preached among the Dissenters at Bideford . . . perhaps
frequently, as it was his darling employment. He died in the
year 1687, and was buried in Bideford Church.
"Another distinguished Nonconformist was Mr. Oliver Peard,
of Magdalen College, Oxford. He was born in the year 1636
of a good and reputable family in Barnstaple. Mr. J. Hammer
(Minister at Barnstaple) was an instrument in converting him.
He first exercised his ministry at Ashford, near Barnstaple. He
was privately ordained at Bideford by his father-in-law, Mr.
W. Bartlet, and others. ... He had his troubles with others
of his brethren. He often ran great hazard in the service of his
master, and had frequent meetings at midnight, both in town and
4 Parish Register.
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416 EARLY NONCONFORMITY IN BIDEFORD.
country. . . . Once he was apprehended (with Mr. Bartlet of
Bideford and several other neighbouring ministers), was carried
to Torrington, where he remained some time in custody. . . .
His confinement occasioned him an illness which brought him
to the very point of death. ... He survived the troubles of
those days, and after liberty was granted became minister to a
numerous congregation."
Here are some scenes from meeting-houses in Devonshire.
Opposers entered a conventicle and required the preacher to
come down. " An attorney who was present advised him to
stay in his place. But they threatened to pull him out of
the pulpit, and at length obliged him to come down."
A weekday Lecture was disturbed "with drums and
muskets," which so frightened the minister's wife that "it
was thought to occasion her death."
At one time while a minister was preaching "he saw several
of the Aldermen asleep, and thereupon sat down. Upon his
silence and the noise made by people getting up they
awoke . . . upon which he rose up again and said, 'The
sermon is not yet done, but now you are awake I hope you
will hearken more diligently/ "
A justice said of the minister, that " they in their prayers
would undertake to teach Almighty God."
Serious sufferings were undergone by many Devonshire
ministers. Some were committed to jail, some were fined, others
harassed by the powers in being, two were exiled for nine and
ten months, one was led to prison, his hands so tightly bound
that " the blood burst out from the end of his fingers." One
of the worst sufferers, called Collins, ejected from Talaton,
who lived at Ottery St Mary, was so worried and harassed
that eventually he sold his house and property and fled to
Holland.
The Act of Toleration ended most of the troubles. In
Bideford, Mr. Bowden, ejected from the living of West Ham
or Little Ham, succeeded Mr. Bartlet in the ministry. His
assistant, Mr. James Wood, quarrelled with members of the
congregation, separated from the Larger Meeting House and
founded a smaller one in the High Street, probably where
the Devon and Cornwall Bank now stands.
In the year 1730 the congregation of the Larger Meeting
decided do to away with co-pastors, and to fix upon one minister
only, "for they had suffered a good deal from the paltry
squabbles of the parsons and their wives." Mr. Sedgeley,
from Wareham, Dorset, was the man chosen to make up
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EARLY NONCONFORMITY IN BIDEFORD.
417
differences and reconcile parties. He much increased the
congregation, but in an unfortunate moment invited the
great preacher Whitfield to preach in his pulpit. Whitfield
writes : —
" On Friday we went to Bideford where there is perhaps one of
the best little flocks in all England. The power of God came
down while I was expounding to them that Mr. Thompson could
scarce stand under it. . . . The Dissenting Minister and his wife
were very hearty. ... I suppose there were upwards of two
thousand (?) in the meeting in the evening in the Meeting-House."
From Cornwall another time he wrote : —
" I could enlarge but must away to Bideford, just to give Satan
another stroke and bid my Christian friends farewell."
Mr. Sedgeley was no match in eloquence with the man of
whom Horace Walpole affirmed that his only objection to
Whitfield's preaching was that it made him unable to
restrain his tears.
A friend of Whitfield's at Bideford was Mr. Hervey, the
curate, author of Meditations among the Tombs.
The Kev. Samuel Lavington united the two parties of
Congregationalists in the town in 1761, when the Little
Meeting in High Street was closed. In 1859 the Great
Meeting was replaced by the Lavington Chapel in Bridge-
land Street.
VOL. XXXIV.
2 D
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF
HARTLAND.
BT B. PEARSE OHOPB, B.A.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1908.)
The object of the present paper is to trace the history and
development of the large and important manor of Hartland
from the reign of Alfred the Great to that of Elizabeth the
Glorious. With the exception of the reference by Ptolemy
in the second century to Heracles Promontory, which has
been universally identified with our Hartland Point, there
is no definite record of Hartland until the end of the ninth
century. Then we find that, under the name of Heortigtun,
it formed part of the royal property, and was one of the
lands bequeathed by Alfred in his will to his son and
successor, Edward the Elder, the first English king to bear
the name of our present monarch.1 It has been suggested
that these lands, extending from Stratton on one side to
Cheddar on the other, " seem to follow roughly the shadowy
outlines of the great Arthurian kingdom, stretching as a
riverine power from Tintagel to Glastonbury,"2 but there is
really little or no evidence in support of such a dis-
tinguished descent. However, the fact that the battle of
Gafulford (Camelford), in 823, was fought between the
Welsh and the Devons provides some reason for assuming
that Hartland had been part of the Wessex royal property
from the time of King Egbert.
Of its history during the following century we know
nothing, but it seems likely that it remained in the
possession of the successive kings until the reign of Canute
1 My reasons for identifying Hcortigtun with Hartland, rather than one
of the Hardingtons in Somerset, are given fully in the Hartland Chronicle,
October, 1901.
* Rev. W. Grmwrll, Fortnightly Review, 1899, p. 466.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE EABLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 419
the Dane, and that he granted it to the great Earl Godwine,
from whom it passed, probably by way of dower, to his
wife Gytha. At any rate, the Domesday Survey informs us
that the manor of Hertitone was held by Gytha in the time
of King Edward the Confessor, and tradition says that she
also built the first church at Stoke as a thank-offering for
the deliverance of her husband from shipwreck in a violent
tempest, presumably off our wreck-strewn coast. It is
probable that at the same time she founded the college of
twelve secular canons or priests which existed at Stoke
before the Conquest, and endowed it with lands which were
taken from her large manor of Hertitone and subsequently
formed the manor of Stoke, called in Domesday Book
NiMenestoch, i.e. Nectan's Stoke or Stoke St. Nectan.8
The Domesday Survey, which was made in 1086, gives us
the first detailed account of the manor, and, what is more
important, this account is absolutely reliable. We find
that, after the Conquest, the manor had been seized,
together with the rest of the lands of Gytha and her
family, by King William himself, and had again become
royal property. Its importance may be estimated from the
fact that it was assessed for taxation at 9 hides, the hide
being considered merely the unit of assessment, while the
whole hundred of HertUande (including the present parishes
of Hartland, Clovelly, Woolfardisworthy, Welcombe, and
Yamscombe) was only assessed at 20 hides,4 and Clovelly
and Bideford at 3 hides each. The King himself held land
assessed at 1 hide, while the villans or tenants held the
remainder. There was sufficient arable land for 110
ploughs, but only 45 ploughs were there, of which the
King had 15 on the demesne or home farm, and the villans
30. It will thus be seen that less than one-half of the
land was in cultivation. There were 60 villans attached to
the manor, so that the average holding of each was half a
plough-land, or half a carueate, whatever the extent of a
plough-land or carueate may have been. From a Survey
made at the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth, it appears
that the normal holding of a customary tenant, the modern
equivalent of the villan, was two half-ferlings, the average
acreage of which was 30 acres of arable land, and, as there
is no reason for assuming that the holdings were any larger
9 Cf. Kbmblb, Cod. Dip., DCCCCXXVI. By this document she granted
her dower land of Sherford, which belonged to her large manor of Chilling-
ton, to the church of St Olave's in Exeter.
4 Qeld Inquest of 1083-4.
2 D 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
420 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
at the Domesday period than they were later, it appears
probable that the plough-land or carucate was about 60
acres in extent.6 It may be necessary to add that the
30 acres forming a villan's holding were not situated all
together, so as to form a compact farm, but were scattered
about in acre strips in the common fields. In addition to
the villans, there were 45 bordars or cottagers, small holders
who had no rights in the common fields, and 30 serfs or
slaves. The villans and bordars both rendered fixed cus-
tomary services, and were " tied to the land," that is, they
could not depart from the manor, nor could the lord remove
them so long as they performed those services ; but the serfs
could be sold and transferred from one lord to another without
being attached to any land. Each plough-team normally
comprised 8 oxen, in addition to which the live stock on the
manor included 137 cattle, 50 pigs, 700 sheep, and 100
goats. Besides the arable land, there were 12 acres of wood,
10 acres of meadow, and one square leuga [? 120 acres] of
pasture land. The manor at that time paid the King £48
by weight [ad pensam] annually, but when Baldwin, the
sheriff, took possession of it on his behalf, it only yielded
£23. This shows a very considerable increase of rent on
change of ownership.
It will be noticed that, both in Alfred's will and in
Domesday Book, the name of the manor corresponds to the
present name of the town, viz. Harton, but in later records
the manor assumes the name of the hundred, of which it
formed the principal member, the hundred itself being then
regarded merely as one of the appurtenances of the manor.
The parish is primarily an ecclesiastical unit ; consequently,
the parish of Hartland, which includes the ancient manors
of Hartland, Stoke, Milford, (South) Hole, Meddon, and
perhaps others, is not recognised as a division in Domesday
Book, or in any of the records concerning the manor or the
hundred.
The statement of our county historians that "Oliver
Dynant, viscount of Dynant, in Brittany, was lord of
Hartland in the Conqueror's time,"6 does not receive the
support of any contemporary authority, and, as we have
seen, the manor was still held by the King himself almost
6 In estimating the whole area of the manor, the plough -land possibly
included the moorland and waste, in which case its total extent was about
double the above amount. Taking it at 120 acres, we get a total area for
the whole manor equal to 13,200 acres, which is approximately the present
acreage. 6 Risdon, Survey of Devon, 235.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THB EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 421
at the end of his reign. It is, indeed, probable that the
manors of Harpford and Nutwell were granted to the
Dynhams before Hartland, for a charter of Oliver's son,
Geoffrey, lord of Dinan, date 1122, notifies that he had
given to the monks of the abbey of Marmoutier, Tours, two
manors he possessed in England by the gift of King
Henry L, his eldest son Oliver and his other sons joining
in the gift and his wife Orieldis confirming it7 From
another charter of the same date, and from other records,
we learn that these manors were Harpford and Nutwell,
and that they were really given to the priory of St. Malo at
Dinan,8 which was subject to the abbey of Marmoutier, and
had been founded by the first-mentioned Oliver.
It is possible that Hartland also became the property of
the Dynham family in the reign of Henry I., but there is
no record which definitely connects the Dynhams with the
manor until about the middle of the reign of Henry II. In
the year 1168 the lands of Holland de Dinan of Hertiland,
who was one of the rebels in Brittany, were seized by the
King, and "the men of Hirtiland," presumably the free
tenants of the manor, were called upon to contribute to the
aid for the marriage of the King's daughter, Matilda.9 The
following is a complete list of these "men," with the
amounts of their respective contributions: —
£
8.
<*.
"Ail ward the goldsmith •
. 10 marks
6
13
4
Richard de Bochiwis [Bucks]
. 2
»
1
6
8
Abel
1
0
0
Osbert Blund .
1 mark
13
4
Renoard
£
t»
6
8
Osbert de Hamdon
£
»
6
8
Ail ward de Ikemaneswurd [Exnu
ins-
worthy]
: I
>t
6
8
Alf win de Bekeland
»
6
8
Wulfric Crisp
: 1
»
6
8
Ailmer de Herscote [Hescott]
»
6
8
Adam Brie
• £
tt
6
8
Aluric de Chircstoua [Cheristow]
10
0
Edward Ruff .
\ 1
»
13
4
Edward de Tosberi
. 3
99
2
0
0
Stanard
• £
99
6
8
The Commoners
. 3
»
2
0
0
£17
10
0"
7 Col. of Documents in France, 427.
8 De la Mottb Rouge, Les Dinan, 26-8 ; Testa de Nevill, 1915, 194.
9 Pipe Rolls, 14 Hen. II.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
422 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
There were thus 15 tenants in addition to the com-
moners, "who had only rights on the common of pasture/'1
and whose freehold probably consisted only of a cottage and
garden. This is the first indication we have of free tenants,
who held their land by military service under the lord of
the manor, in the same way as he held the manor under the
King, and who could, therefore, be called upon to discharge
the burdens due from the lord to the King.
Holland de Dinan seems to have been a son of Alan,
who died about 1158, and a grandson of the above-
mentioned Geoffrey. His castle of Becherell in Brittany
was taken, and all his lands were wasted; but he was
afterwards pardoned, and some of his lands were restored
to him.2 Hartland, however, was granted in 1169 to his
uncle Oliver,3 who apparently died the same year, for it
was in this year that Oliver's eldest son, Geoffrey, founded
Hartland Abbey in place of the college of secular canons
at Stoke, by the influence and with the assistance of
the famous Bichard of Ilchester, Archdeacon of Poitiers,4
and afterwards Bishop of Winchester and seneschal of
Normandy.6 On September 29th, 1169, John, prior of
Hertiland, was a witness to a charter of the Bishop
of Exeter.6 From a later royal charter, dated 1189, we
find that Geoffrey himself gave two hides of land at
Nectanestoke [the whole manor of Stoke], the land and
church of Bechaton [Abbot's Bickington], the rent of 60s.
paid by the secular canons, the chapel of Welcum with
appurtenances,7 the chapel of Hertiton with 13 acres, the
chapel of St. Wenna at Chirestow with St. Wenna's Acre
and 12 other acres, all chapels within the parish with
their appurtenances and liberties and free customs, and
one virgate* of land, viz. Gallecusham [Galsham]. His
brother Oliver, with the assent and will of Geoffrey, his
son and heir, gave the lands of Marcaden and Scepelwell
[Shopshill], with the men and all other things belonging
to them, for erecting thereon a church and other con- '
ventual buildings. In 1173, and again in 1182, Oliver
1 Rev. T. W. Whalb, Trans. Devon. Assoc., xzxiii. (1901), 394. I am in*
clined to think that the last entry in the abovo list, which is written "De
Communi : " in the original, refers only to a payment made in common,
* Pole, Descr. of Devon, 369 ; Pipe Rolls, 17 Hen. II. et seq.
8 Pipe Rolls, 15 Hen. II. 4 Oliver, Monasticon Exon., 207.
• Diet. Nat. Biog. 6 Cal. of Documents in France, 320.
7 The chapel of Welcombe was made independent of St. Nectan's and
parochial in 1608 (Oliver, Historic Collections, 81).
8 1 virgate=4 ferlings=120 acres. The present acreage is 157 acres.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE EAKLY HISTORY OF THB MANOR OF HARTLAND. 423
confirmed the grant of Harpford and Nutwell to the monks
of Marmoutier, although in 1177 he seems to have retired
altogether to the priory of St. Malo at Dinan.9 The elder
Geoffrey died about 1179,1 and apparently Oliver succeeded
to his property, for in 1204 an unsuccessful attempt was
made by another branch of the family to deprive him of
his lands of Hartland in Devon and of Buckland and
Corfton in Somerset.2 He is said to have died in 1213-14,8
and in 1221 his lands in Devon and Somerset were given
into the custody of William Briwer,4 possibly by reason
of the minority of his grandson, Geoffrey, for the Geoffrey
concerned in the foundation of Hartland Abbey appears
to have died before his father.6 The lands in Hertiland
and Uppekot [Upcott in the parish of Sheepwash*] were
afterwards held by Ernisius de Dunheved [Downhead in
Somerset], who gave them in 1244 to Geoffrey de Dun-
heved.7 Ernisius was probably a younger brother of Oliver,
and at his death the lands reverted to his nephew Geoffrey.
The application of " Dunheved w as a surname indicates that
the Dynhams at this time had their chief residence at
Downhead,8 near their manor of Buckland Dynham.
Geoffrey de Dynham died in 1258, and from the In-
quisition held on his death we learn that he held the
manor of Hertilaunde directly from the King by the
service of two-thirds of a knight's fee, that its annual
value was £29 13s. 4d., and that his son and heir, Oliver,
was 24 years of age. The jurors were John de Wynescot,
Nicholas de Speckcot, Osbert de Annery, Walter Coppe,
Matthew de Wolfrington, Oliver de Wymundesworthy
[Wembsworthy], Roger de Prahull, William de Cruwes,
William Waleraund [of Blagdon], John Hereward [of
Yarnscombe], Thomas de Tettebury [Titchberry], and John
Trye. The theory that the knight's fee was based upon
the hidage system of assessment, and was equivalent to
five hides, breaks down entirely in the various manors of
the hundred of Hartland. From the Hundred Bolls, of a
few years later date, we learn that a hauberk did duty for
the above fraction of a knight.9
9 Cal. of Documents in France, 428 ; De la Motte Rouge, Lee Dinan, 168-5.
1 Lee Dinan, 36. * Rot, Fin., 6 John, m. 12. * Lee Dinan, 165.
4 Cal. Close Rolls, 5 Hen. III., m. 7. B Note- Book of Tristram Risdon, 77.
• In 1566 this was held by the heirs of Thome as a free tenant of the
manor of Hartland. (See also Feudal Aids, 329.)
7 Somerset Records, xl 334.
8 Rev. T. W. Whale, Trans. Devon. Assoc., xxx. (1898), 207.
• Hundred Rolls, I 7Zb.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
424 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
An interesting deed, executed by one of the free tenants
of the manor during the lordship of Geoffrey, throws a flood
of light on the relations existing between this class of
tenants and the lord himself. By this document John, son
of Adam de Burdesdun [Bursdon x], bound himself and his
heirs to be contributory to a tithing of the manor of Herti-
land in respect of a ferling of land held of Geoffrey de
Dinan in Burdesdun, but the obligation was to be confined
to the escapes of thieves or robbers, to the sheriff's torns,
attendance on the King's justices in eyre, and other extrinsic
payments and suits. The effect and object of the deed was
to oblige the tenant to participate in those burdens of the
lord which were due to the King, but not to make him a
general suitor to the lord's court for all ordinary purposes.
On the escape of a thief or robber the vill or tithing was
fined, and every vill was bound to appear by its four men
and reeve at the eyres or torns, or was fined in case of
default. In the same way the abbot of Hartland, in respect
of a holding at Brushford, was bound to contribute to the
royal service and other pecuniary burdens with the land of
William le Speke at the same place.2 The witnesses to the
above deed were Geoffrey de Bitaford [Biteford], Joel de
Langforlang, Alfred his son, Joel de Bitaford, Kichard Blida
[Blythe], and many others.8
On the death of Oliver de Dynham, or possibly his son
and namesake,4 in 1299, the jury gave a detailed account of
the manor, equivalent to an extent. The Inquisition was
taken at Bishop's Clist, and the jurors were: — Adam de
Esse,6 Hugh Jergoyne, Alfred de Fosfelle6 [Forcewell],
William de Fattecott,6 Henry de Ylmundeston [Almiston],
William de Dupeford6 [Deptford], Adam de la Wode,
Nicholas de Wynkelegh, Philip Deneband, Balph Todewell,
Henry de Holebroke, John de Forde,6 Robert de Wylrige.
They found that Oliver held the manors of Hertilonde,
Notewelle, and Herford7for two-thirds of a knight's fee.
1 Id 1301 the heirs of Burdesdon held freely of the manor of Hartland one
ferling of land for an annual payment of 14*. id.
2 Hundred Rolls, i. 93.
* E. Smirke, Arch. Journal, viii. 411. The author of this paper identifies
" Burdesdun " with Burdon in the parish of Highampton.
4 Note-Book of Tristram Risdon, 77. Oliver de Dynham's wife was
Isabella, dau. of Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford, and wid. of John de
Courtenay (Vivian, Vis. of Dev.t 244).
8 Adam de Esse held J ferling in Meddon and Deptford in 1284-6, and
William de Dnpford held the same amount in 1303 (Feudal Aids, 342, 371).
8 Free tenants of the manor.
7 Nutwell and Harpford had been purchased by Oliver from the monks of
Dinan in 1273 (Les IHnan, 176).
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE EAKLY HISTORY OF THB MANOR OF HARTLAND. 425
of Hertilonde manor comprised the fol-
1
0
2
0
18
8
6
0
5
0
3
0
2
0
. 1 6
8
y
. 1 6
8
. 1 6
8
13
4"
The demesne
lowing : —
"A mansion [capitate mesuagium] with curtilage,
the herbage of which was worth annually
A garden with fruit and herbage
112 acres of arable land @ 2d. per acre
6 „ meadow @ I2d. „
60 „ pasture @ Id. „
A wood, the profits of which were worth
2 parks „ „ „
3 water mills, viz. one at Eagestone [Eddistone]
another at Braudesworthy
[Bradworthy]
a third there [at Hartland]
2 fulling mills at Hyndehertone @ 6*. 8d. .
The tenants numbered as follows : —
£ 8. d.
" 1 free tenant, holding 1 carucate of land and pay-
ing annually at Michaelmas 1 lb. of pepper,
price . . . . ..10
20 do. holding 3 ferlings, paying at the quarter-
days in equal portions Is. 6c£., and doing suit
[at the manor court] every three weeks . 7 10 0
22 do. holding 2 ferlings, paying in the same
way 5*., and doing suit as before . . 5 10 0
1 do. holding \\ ferlings, paying in the same
way 4s. 10d., and doing suit as before . . 4 10
5 do. holding 1 ferling, and paying annually at
Michaelmas 4*. . . ..100
13 burgesses, each holding 1 burgage, paying at
the quarter-days [1*.], and doing suit twice a
year . . . . . [0 13 0]
100 villans, holding \ ferling, and paying in the
same way 4*. . . . ..500
22 do. holding \ ferling, and paying in the same
way 18d. . . . . . 1 13 0
17 do. holding \ ferling, and paying in the same
way 19d. . . . ..16
20 cottagers \cen&arii\ paying Id. at Michaelmas . 1
Pleas and perquisites [of the manor court] . 13
11
8
4'
The total value of the manor was stated to be £47 9s. 9<£,
although the above items only add up to £30 4s. 9d. There
were 49 free tenants, 13 burgesses, 139 villans, and 20
cottagers, or 221 in all ; and it will be remembered that
the Domesday Book stated that there were 110 plough-lands,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
426 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
or room for 220 villans. On comparing the above state-
ment with the more detailed Inquisition two years later, I
have come to the conclusion that the " f erlings " of the free
tenants should be " half-ferlings." This would give us as
the total number of f erlings for the manor 118£, corre-
sponding very closely to the number of Domesday plough-
lands.
There is no doubt that the tenement held on payment
of 1 lb. of pepper was Thorry, which was apparently held
in 1301 by Thomas de Caynnes. A few years later
Thomas Kaynes held a carucate of land there on the same
terms, and the tenement included a mansion worth annually
12rf., a dovecot 6<£, 3 acres of meadow 12d., 8 acres of
pasture 16rf., and 40 acres of arable land 10s. This acreage
agrees very- closely with the 60 acres suggested as the
extent of the plough-land or carucate of Domesday. In
addition to his payment of a pound of pepper at Michael-
mas, the tenant had to do suit every three weeks at the
manor court of Hertone.8
In the Inquisition of 1299 we have the earliest mention
of the burgesses of the borough of Harton. The original
charter of the borough is not extant, but among the docu-
ments in the possession of the Harton Town Trust is one
which purports to be a copy of it, but is really only a
translation. This charter appears to have been a private
grant by Oliver de Dynham, and, so far as is known, it
never received royal confirmation. As the grant forms
an important step in the history of the manor, I give
the translation in full, making only a few necessary verbal
amendments : —
"To all by whom these presents shall be seen or heard, Oliver
de Dynham sendeth greeting in our Lord. Know ye every one
that I have given, granted, and, by this my present writing, have
confirmed to all my burgesses of Harton, who have taken
burgages after the making of a writing [i.e. a charter or grant]
of King Edward, son of King Henry, to me and my heirs of the
borough of Harton, the grant of his whole burgage in the said
town, To be held of me and my heirs by the law of inheritance
for ever, freely, quietly, wholly, and peaceably, in all places
and things to the said burgage belonging. Yielding therefor
yearly to me and my heirs for every whole burgage, viz. for
8 Inq. p.m., 1 Edw. II., No. 30. See also Inq. p.m., 18 Edw. HI.,
No. 35 ; 35 Edw. III., No. 107 ; 7 Hen. V., No. 69 ; 8 Hen. V., No. 96 ;
22 Edw. IV., No. 32. In 1566 Thorry was held by the heirs of Hugh Prust
(afterwards Hugh Pollard) for the same payment.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 427
one whole acre, I2d. sterling of rent at the four principal terms
of the year in equal portions, viz., on the eve of our Lord God,
on the eve of Easter, on the eve of St. John the Baptist, and
on the eve of St Michael, by the hand of my portreeve of the
said borough of Harton, for all services, fines, demands, and
exactions, Saving to me and my heirs reasonable toll, amercements,
reliefs, and all other accidents which to the said borough shall
accrue. And I will that every acre measured, [if] so divided,
shall contain sixteen feet and a half.9 I grant also to the same
burgesses all the liberties hereunder written, viz.: — That all plaints
arising in the said borough, which do pertain to me or my
heirs in the said borough, shall be decided and determined by
my bailiff and the said burgesses, And also that the said
burgesses for their better assistance shall every year at the feast
of St. Michael choose a portreeve and a crier, which to me and
to them are necessary, and at the next court following shall
present the same to my bailiff, And that every burgess shall be
quit, when it shall happen [that he has been convicted at the
court for some offence], for a fine of 6d., amending his fault,
unless he shall be a common delinquent. All rents, tolls,
amercements, and all issues of the borough shall be collected by
the hand of the portreeve of the borough, and shall be yielded
to me and my heirs. The heir or heirs of every burgess, im-
mediately after the death of the said burgess, shall enter quietly
into his or their inheritance, paying therefor for every whole
burgage 2«. for a relief, and shall make to the widow of the
deceased her reasonable dower1 within 40 days; but, if my
bailiff, by the advice and counsel of the said burgesses, shall
make it to her without any occasion, and the burgess will depart,
let him sell his burgage if he will, and he shall be quit of his
due, giving to the lord 2*., to the portreeve of the borough 4d.,
and to the borough 4d. Let the same assize of bread and of
ale, and the same measure of corn and salt, and of the yard,
be in the said borough as at first. All the aforesaid burgesses
are bound to grind at the mill of Harton, as often as they do
grind, and to pay toll in accordance with the custom. And
that this my gift, grant, and confirmation of this my present
writing may remain firm and stable for ever, to this present
writing I have put my seal.
" Witnesses : — Sir2 Richard de Bello Monte [Beaumont], John
de Ponchardon, John de Charteray, Knights, Matthew and
Bartholomew Giffard, Walerand de Blakedon [Blagdon], Robert
de Dyteleye, and others."
9 This seems to indicate that the measure of land was to be the same as
the standard measure, but it is generally supposed that " a borough acre " at
Harton is considerably less than the standard acre.
1 Generally a third part of her husband's estate of inheritance.
8 Dominus.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
428 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
This charter was probably executed about 1290. Although
it is very full and detailed for this date, its genuineness
seems to be proved by the names of the witnesses. Eichard
de Bello Monte died in 1294,8 and Matthew Giffard [of
Clovelly] died in 1296,4 but Bartholomew Giffard [of Hals-
bury] and Walerand de Blakedon were free tenants of the
manor in 1301.6 The "writing of King Edward, son of
King Henry," is probably the charter, dated 1281, which
granted to Oliver de Dynan and his heirs the right to hold
a weekly market on Tuesdays in his manor of Herctone,
and a two days' fair yearly on the eve and the feast of St.
Nightan (June 17); also free warren, or the right to pre-
serve game, in all his demesne lands of Hertilaunde.6 Five
years later (1286) he was granted the additional right to
hold a three days' fair yearly on the eve, feast, and morrow
of St. Andrew the Apostle (November 30).7 That Harton
was not officially recognised as a borough is clear from the
list of townships made in 1316, which contains a definite
statement that there was then no borough in the hundred,
and brackets Hartland with Yarnscombe as forming one of
the three townships, the others being Clovelly with Wool-
fardisworthy and Milford, and Welcombe with Ashmans-
worthy, Hole, and Hardisworthy.8
The next lord, Joce de Dynham, was twenty-six years of
age and more on the death of his father ; but he only lived
to enjoy his inheritance for two years, leaving a son, John,
of the tender age of five years. As the property remained
in the King's hands during the minority of the heir, the
Inquisition at this date is of exceptional interest and ful-
ness.9 One-third of the estate was assigned to the widow,
Margaret,1 and the custody of the remaining two-thirds,
together with the fines paid on the marriage of the heir,
worth 2,000 marks, was assigned to the executors of
Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, in part payment of the King's
indebtedness to him. At the same time the widow was
ordered to deliver the body of the heir to the said executors
to be married.2 The mansion at Hartland was apparently
1 Inq. p.m., 22 Edw. I., No. 36. 4 Vivian, Vis. of Dev., 396.
• Inq. p.m., 29 Edw. I., No. 56. 6 Charier Moll, 9 Edw. I., No. 38.
7 Charter Roll, 14 Edw. I., No. 37. These two grants were confirmed by
Letters Patent, 16 Ric. II., pt ii. m. 16, and 3 Hen. VI., pt. ii. m. 2.
8 Feudal Aids, 374. 9 Inq. p.m., 29 Edw. I., No. 56.
1 She was the daughter and heiress of Richard de Hidon. In 1324 she
married secondly Peter de Uvedale {Gal. Close Bolls, 18 Edw. II., m. 31).
* Col. Pat. Bolls, 29 Edw. I., m. 9.
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THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 429
granted to Margaret, the widow of Gilbert de Knoville,8
who was for several years sheriff of the county; and in
1316 the lord of the manor was said to be William de
Bereford, by reason of the minority of John de Dynham,4
although the latter did homage for his father's lands on
attaining his majority on October 18th in that year.5 The
Inquisition6 was held at Hertilande on June 11th, 1301,
the jury being William atte Langeforlang,7 Alfred de
Fosfeld,78 William Wyse, Henry Satchevyle [Satchfield],
Ralph de Aula 7 [? Hole], Jordain de Medden, William de
Clyfford,7 Willam Olyver, William de Ylmannescot7
[Elmscott], Henry Baker, Henry de Wymundesworthi 7
[Wembsworthy], and William de Dupeforde.8 They found
that Joce held the manor of Hertilande, together with
the manors of Nottewill and Herpeford, in Devon, and
Boclande, in Somerset, in chief by the service of one
knight's fee. The total value of the manor of Hertilande
was £96 0s. h\d., just double the value returned only two
years before. Indeed, the details in the two Inquisitions
are so different that it is difficult to account for the dis-
crepancy; but the explanation seems to be that the later
Inquisition was made much more carefully, and includes
many details which on the earlier occasion were deemed of
no importance. The differences in the numbers of free and
customary tenants seem to be mainly due to the fact that
the earlier Inquisition took no note of very small holdings,
nor of holdings outside the limits of the parish ; but there
seems to be no reason to doubt the statement that the
number of burgesses had increased from thirteen to twenty-
seven. At any rate, the details in the later Inquisition are
given so fully, and the rents of the free tenants, as shown
in Appendix I., agree so well with those in 1566, and even
with those at the present day, that there can be little room
for doubting the general accuracy of this document.
The demesne, worth £11 5s. 6£d., comprised the following
items : —
8 Cal. Pat Bolls, 7 Edw. II., pt i. m. 16.
4 Feudal Aids, 874.
5 Pari. Writs, 10 Edw. II., pt. i. No. 1 ; Cal. Pat. Rolls, 10 Edw. II.,
m. 22.
6 This Inquisition, like most documents of its class, is in a very poor state
of preservation, and parts of it are almost, if not quite, illegible, but the
task of deciphering it was facilitated to some extent by a comparison with
the assignment of dower in 1332 to Margaret, widow of John de Dynham
(Inq. p.m., 6 Edw. III., No. 7).
7 Free teuants of the manor. 8 Juror in 1299.
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430 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
"A mansion with garden, worth
At the Castle [near Blegberry] —
207 acres of arable land @ 2d. per acre
9J „ meadow @ 3d. „
24 „ pasture @ Id. „
At Boterbiri [now Golden Park] —
190 acres of arable land @ 2d. per acre
6J „ meadow @ 3d. „
14 J „ pasture @ Id. „
32 „ waste .
At Hyndeherton —
30 acres of arable land @ 2d. per acre ,
40 „ waste
A deer park towards the south, containing the
mansion and 50 acres, the herbage of which
is worth . . ...
A deer park towards the north, containing 82
acres, worth
A fish pond [between Blegberry and Blagdon]
A dovecot . . .
4 water mills, viz. — Herton [mill] .
Cheristowe
Egereston [Eddistone] .
Craneford
2 fulling mills, viz. — Herton [Tuckingmill] .
Egereston
A wood at Zapham [Yapham], containing 64 acres
„ Boterbiri „ 10
The tenants numbered as follows : —
"87 free tenants, who paid annually
27 burgesses
147 villans, holding | ferling .
«*1 » » t >*
2 tenants, holding 1£ claws each
12 cotters \cotarii\ holding 12 cottages
15 tenants, holding 111 acres of arable land
£ $. d.
13 4
1 13 6
2 4i
2 0
1 11 8
i n
1 2*
1 0
5 0
1 8
4 2
7 0
O 6
1 0
. 1 10 0
. 1 10 0
.10 0
.10 0
8 0
8 0
s 2 0
0 6"
. 20 9 6|
. 1 15 0
. 24 3 7i
. 2 14 10
5 0
16 2
. 2 10 11"
Each of the 180 customary tenants had also (1) to plough
on the demesne once a year at the winter sowing or the
Lent sowing, at the will of the lord, receiving a " drinking "a
[potura] once a day ; (2) to reap for one day with one man,
receiving a drinking twice a day ; and (3) to carry corn for
9 The word "drinking'1 is still applied to a meal (including both food
and drink) supplied to labourers in the field, but it is now confined to the
afternoon meal.
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THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 431
one day, receiving a drinking twice a day. The labour at
the ploughing and carrying was valued at Id. a day, and
at the reaping \d., the difference being due to the fact
that on the former occasions each man had to take his oxen,
while at the reaping these were not required. The total
value of the " works " of these tenants was thus 37s. Qd.
In addition to this, there were nine "pastures" in the
hands of certain villans, who paid annually 7s. 7rf., and 33
of the customary tenants, who held one ferling (sic), paid
at Michaelmas 132 hens, worth 5s. 6rf., or \d. each. A poll
tax [capitagium garcionum]1 at Michaelmas produced 8s., and
an aid at the same period, contributed by all the villans
and cotters, produced £16 8s. Qd. Finally, the pleas of the
court and of the hundred out&ide2 were worth annually £5.
The names of the free tenants, with the extents of their
holdings and the amounts of rent paid, are given in detail
in Appendix I., from which it will be seen that, of the 87
free tenants mentioned above, only about 60 had holdings
within the parish, which agrees fairly well with the number
given in 1299, and the total number of ferlings was 122.
The holdings varied from £ virgate ( = 2 ferlings) to one
acre, but the majority held \ ferling each, the same amount
as was held by the majority of the customary tenants.
The enormous differences in the sums paid for holdings of
the same extent seem to prove that the rent did not depend
upon the size of the holding, although in 1299 the holdings
of the same extent were conveniently lumped together as
paying the same rent. Most of the free tenants, and all
the others, paid their rent quarterly, but two of the former
paid at three quarter-days, a few at Easter and Michaelmas,
and several at Michaelmas only. Among the free tenants
is included the village [mllata] of Tossebury, which paid
21s. 8d. for certain tenements there.
For holdings outside the manor proper, a rent of 17s. 9d.
was paid by Nicholas de Filham for land acquired by
Oliver de Dineham, father of Joce, by the service of an
annual payment of one rose, and a rent of 37s. by seven
free tenants at Herdesworth [Hardisworthy]. This manor
originally formed part of the manor of (South) Hole, and
was now held by Dynham under Eobert Beaupel, who held
it in chief by the service of one-third of a knight's fee.8
A special Inquisition, made in 1321, supports the state-
1 This was probably money paid for permission to depart from the manor,
or perhaps to avoid tne performance of military service.
* Interpolated. * Feudal Aids, 371, 438.
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432 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
ment that the hundred was regarded as an appurtenance
of the manor. The jurors, who were Eoger Berneheus,8
John Dipeford, John Biryman [of Elmscott],4 Richard le
Sanger, Henry Bleynch, Roger Cotelle, Walter Eger, Stephen
Bicteworthy, Alan de Clyfford,4 Richard de Dodenesford,
Nicholas Dalyan, and Robert de Wellesford, found that a
certain boat with eight oars came from the high seas upon
the land of John de Staunton, lord of Clovelly, in the
tithing of Clovelly, and was " a wreck of the sea," as the
saying is, and that John de Dynham, lord of Hertillond,
had the right to such wreck of the sea in the hundred, on
condition of his accounting to the King's justices in eyre
for the value thereof. His title, therefore, appears to
have been in right of the hundred and not against the
Crown. It is supposed that the lords of manors or hundreds
on this coast usually claimed floating wreck as far as
human sight can discern a cask or barrel.6
On the death of John de Dynham, an Inquisition6 was
held at Exeter on June 20th, 1332, when the jury, consist-
ing of Robert de Wermelegh, William Broun, Nicholas de
Norton,7 William atte Pitte, Adam Huge, Nicholas James,
Geoffrey Hyne, Robert Baker, Robert de Nytheretoun,
John de Fairford, Robert Rook, and Joel Rene, found that
the manor of Hertilond with its appurtenances was held
in chief for one knight's fee, and that its annual value was
£93 2s. 5£tf. This was stated to be made up as follows : —
" A mansion with garden
2 dovecots @ 1*. each
3 corn mills @ 41 8*. 10c*.
2 fulling mills @ 20*.
6| acres of meadow @ 1*.
300 „ arable land in demesne @ 4<£
Rent of free tenants
„ nativi and eotmanni
Works of do.
Rent paid by the nativi, called Hennegavel
Pleas of the court of the manor and hundred,*
average .
The hundred of Hertilonde ' belonging to the said
manor,' worth on the average
12 0 0
2 0 0*
* Tenant in chief of Ashinansworthy (Feudal Aids, 410).
4 Free tenants of the manor.
5 E. Smirke, Arch. Journal, viii. 412.
• Inq.p.m., 6 Edw. III., No. 59.
7 Free tenant of the manor. 8 Interpolated.
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THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 433
The nativi or natives, i.e. persons born on and tied to the
land, and the cotmanni or cottagers obviously correspond to
the viMans and the bordars or cotters of the previous records,
and the hennegavel or hen-tax is the same as the tax paid in
1301 by certain of the customary tenants.
The heir, John de Dynham, was fourteen years of age,
and he lived until 1383, when he was robbed and killed
by two notorious thieves, one of whom was killed by his
son after being convicted and sentenced, and the other was
taken and imprisoned in his private prison as a security
against escape.9 His wife, Muriel, daughter of Sir Thomas
de Courtenay, and granddaughter of the 1st Earl of Devon,
died about 1369, and was buried in the monastery of Herty-
lond.1 The Inquisition2 taken at his death is quite illegible,
and I have been unable to extract any definite information
from it, but the son appears to have been about twenty-four
years of age. He died on Christmas Day, 1427, 8 and was
succeeded by a son of the same name, who died on January
25th, 1458. * The Inquisitions taken on these two occasions
are almost identical, and are chiefly interesting for the
light they throw on the effect of the Wars of the Eoses on
such a remote spot as Hartland. The jury in the former
case, consisting of John Crocker, Henry Fraunceys, William
Worthe, Richard Coterell, John Pree, Robert Galle, Henry
Beare, John Bernhous, Richard Pyperell, John Boker, John
Crosse, and John Bryton, found that the manor of Herty-
lond, with the hundred of Hertylond belonging to it, was held
in chief by military service. There were in the manor : —
£ 8. d.
" 34 houses (messuages), worth, after deductions . nothing
2 deer parks, the pasture of which was worth annually 6 8
12 carucates of land, worth . . . 29 6 8
8 acres of meadow [@ 6d. per acre] . 4 0
20 „ pasture [@ 2d. „ ] . 3 4
3 corn mills, after deductions . . .10 0
1 fulling mill „ „ . . 3 4
1 dovecot „ „ . . nothing
Rent of free tenants at Easter and Michaelmas 40 10 If
and 1 lb. of pepper at Michaelmas
Pleas of the court of the hundred . . 1 10 0"
9 Col. Pat. Rolls, 6 Ric. II., pt u. m. 1.
1 Oliver, Monasticon Exon.y 204. 2 Inq. p.m., 6 Ric. II., No. 28.
3 The Inquisition {Inq. p.m., 7 Hen. VI., No. 56) seems to state that he
died on Christmas Day, 1428, hut he was apparently dead on February 13th
in that year (Cal. Pat. Rolls, 6 Hen. VI., pt. i. m. id).
4 Inq. p.m., 36 Hen. VI., No. 39. This Sir John Dynham, Knt, and
his wife, Jane, dau. and heiress of Sir Richard Arches, Knt., were buried in
the Black Friars' Church at Exeter.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 E
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434 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
In the second case the jurors were Thomas Holand,
John Caylewey, John Hypegras, John Nytheway, Richard
Vyilysdon, Thomas Lyte, Kichard Frankcheyne, John Spone,
William Monke, John James, Thomas Hill, and Richard
Bidewyll. They give the additional information that the
manor was held for the service of half a knight's fee, that
the 34 houses were " ruinous," that the 12 carucates of land
included 20 houses and 12 cottages, that there were 2 lbs. of
pepper and 1 lb. of cumin payable at Michaelmas, and that
the profits of the hundred court had dropped to 13s. 4d.
The son and heir, also called John, then of the age of
twenty-four and more, afterwards became Lord Dynham and
Lord High Treasurer of England. He forms one of Prince's
worthies of Devon, but he has not been considered deserving
of notice in the Dictionary of National Biography. He died
early in the sixteenth century, leaving no legitimate male
issue, but the exact date of his death seems to be somewhat
doubtful, and I have been unable to find the Inquisition
made on the occasion. There was apparently a monument
in the Grey Friars' Church in London, stating that he died
on January 28th, 1501, and was buried in the choir of that
church,6 but as his will was proved on May 4th, 1509,6 the
year 1501 is probably an error for 1509. The will con-
tained a clause directing his body to be buried in the
convent church of Hartland Abbey, if he died within a
hundred miles of it. His property passed to the heirs of
his four sisters —
(1) Margaret, married Nicholas, Baron Carew.7
(2) Elizabeth,8 married first Fulk Bourchier, Lord Fitz-
warren, from whom descended the Earls of Bath,
and secondly Sir John Sapcote, who was probably
buried at Hartland.9
(3) Joan, married John, Lord Zouch.
(4) Katherine, married Sir Thomas Arundell of Lanherne,
from whom descend the Lords Arundell of War-
dour.
Carew's fourth share of " the Lord Dynham's lands "
passed to the family of Compton, of Compton Winyats,
Warwickshire, but the remaining shares remained in the
possession of the other three families until the reign of
Elizabeth.
• Collect. Topog., v. 278. 6 Testamenta Vetusta, 496.
7 Buried in Westminster Abbey.
8 Buried in the Grey Friars' Church, London {Collect. Topog.t v. 278).
• Testamenta Vetusta, 486.
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THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 435
In the second year of her reign letters patent1 were
granted to Lewis Pollard, Esq. [grandson and representative
of Hugh Prust, of Thorry], Robert Cary, Esq. [of ClovellyJ
William Abbott, Esq. [of Hartland Abbey], Hugh Stucley,
gent, [of North Beckland], and Hugh Prust, gent, [of
Gorven], authorising them to hold annually two fairs
within the parish of Hartland, viz., one on the Tuesday,
Wednesday, and Thursday after Easter Sunday, and the
other on the the eve, feast, and morrow of the Exaltation
of the Holy Cross [September 14] ; also a weekly market
on Saturdays for cattle, merchandise, and other things.
They were granted the right to have all stallage,2 picage,8
bothage,4 toll, and customs of the said fairs and markets, or
whatever belonged or ought to belong to them, and a court
of piepowder during the former; also all fines, amerce-
ments, forfeits, issues, revenues, and profits accruing from
the fairs and markets and the court of piepowder, for the
needs, benefit, and relief of the inhabitants of the town of
Harton, free from all demands. The fairs are still held in
accordance with this grant, and there is a " great market "
on the first Saturday in March, but the weekly market has
not been held for at least 120 years, and the market-house
and town hall have disappeared to make room for the
chapel-of-ease.
Finally we come to the most detailed, and consequently
the most important, record of all, for the loan of which
I am indebted to C. D. Heathcote, Esq., of Porlock. It
is a "General Survey of all the lands, possessions, and
hereditaments of Henry Compton, Esq.,6 son and heir of
Peter Compton, Esq., son and heir of William Compton,
Knight, viz. a fourth part of the lands called ' the lord
Dynham's lands ' in the counties of Devon and Cornwall."
The survey was made in 1566 by three commissioners, who
were appointed for the purpose, and travelled from one
manor to another to make their inquiries on the spot.
Their commission is dated July 21st, and between that
date and August 29th they visited and obtained the most
minute particulars of no less than 25 separate manors and
properties. The result of their investigations is neatly
recorded in a foolscap volume of paper, containing 160
1 Pat. Bolls, 2 Eliz., pt. i m. 18.
a Payment for permission to erect or pitch stalls.
8 Payment for the privilege of breaking ground for the erection of booths.
4 Taxes levied on booths.
6 He became the first Baron Compton, and died in 1589.
2 s 2
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436 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
numbered leaves (320 pages), preceded by a copy of the
commission (in English) and a list of contents. The
majority of the entries are in Latin, but the customs of
the various manors are mainly in English.
The commissioners were at Hartland on August 6th, 7th,
and 8th, and during those three days they obtained a vast
amount of information, both from an inspection of in-
dentures, copies, and writings, and from an examination
of the tenants. The parts relating to this manor occupy
about 50 pages, an analysis of which is given in Appendix IL
There were 91 free tenants' holdings, yielding annually
£21 12s. 4d. and 1 lb. of pepper ; 58 customary tenants'
holdings, yielding £54 Is. 7rf. ; and 44 holdings of the
demesne and barton lands, and agistments thereof, yielding
£52 16s. OJd. The sum total is said to be £127 15$. 3£tf.+
lis. 8Jrf., but the arithmetic in this case, as in most others,
does not appear to be strictly accurate.
In the case of the free holdings the only details given
are the names of the tenants and of their holdings, the
amount of rent paid annually, a statement in each instance
that it was held by military service, and in most of them
an additional statement to the effect that the tenants also
owed suit at three law courts annually. It is doubtful
whether the statement with regard to military service is
in all cases correct, for Yarnscombe was in very early times
held in free socage,6 and in 1475 John Gyfford, Esq., enfeoffed
John Denys of Orleigh, John Orchard, William Coffyn,
Eichard Vyell, Richard Denys, and Roger Seller, of four
carucates of land in West Clyfford, Est Clyfford, Trew, and
Nuttecott, which he held of John Dynham, Knt., Lord
de Dynham, as of the manor of Hartlond in free socage.7
The holdings for which no suit was due are indicated in
Appendix II.8 In several cases these holdings were outside
the hundred, e.g. Littleham, Broadwood Kelly, Upcott in
Sheepwash, and Horrabridge, and we have seen that
Hardisworthy was held as of the manor of South Hole;
but there seems to be no reason why some of the tenants
at Bitworthy, Natcott, and Pitt owed suit, while others
did not. The following is a translation of the first entry : —
"John Seccombe holds certain land and a tenement in Gawlyche
freely by military service, and pays annually 6s. 2d., and suit
at three law courts."
6 Feudal Aids (1284-6), 342.
7 Inq. p.m., 7 Hen. VII., No. 680.
8 Ci third item of "Customes and Remembraunces," infra.
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THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 437
Many of the free tenants were knights and esquires, and
can be traced in the Heralds' Visitations of the county.
Certain insertions in the manuscript indicate the holders
at a later date (probably 1570), and in a few instances the
extent of the holding is indicated in the same way. Thus,
Seccombe's holding is stated to be one farthing of land, and
the next on the list — Blackedon — is also stated to be one
farding, although it only paid 3s. 6d. Philip Cole of West
Buckesshe paid 18s. *7d. for his mansion and its appurten-
ances, being three half-fardings of land, and Hugh Pryst of
Gorven paid 7s. 6d. for two claws of land at Haddesworthy.
It is assumed that a claw is half of a half-ferling, which
appears to have been the unit of measurement, and that
a farthing or farding is the same as a ferling. One of the
entries is somewhat of a curiosity, viz. : —
"William Malet of Edesleigh holds certain land and a tenement
in Est Yaggalond, formerly John Wynslade, attainted of high
treason, and he was wont to pay 5s., and now he pays nothing by
reason of the said attainder."
The holdings of the customary tenants, and the demesne
and barton lands, are described in great detail. Not only
are the names, extents, and rents of the different holdings
given, but also the title in many cases, and in all cases the
names and acreage of each field or enclosure belonging to
the holding. It will be seen that the normal holding of the
customary tenants was two half-ferlings, but the acreage of
such holdings differed considerably. The average size of
such a holding, however, was thirty acres of arable land, one
acre of meadow, and five acres of moor, and the average
rent 15s. 6d., or about 6d. an acre. Nearly every holding
included a dwelling-house, a barn, and other farm buildings,
a garden, and an orchard, and in one case the holding was
forfeited because the tenant was non-resident. In some
cases the holdings are designated as messuages and in others
as tenures, which seems to imply a performance of services,
but it is doubtful whether there was at this date any
essential difference between the two terms. In the demesne
and barton lands some of the holdings are called agistments.
There appears to have been no definite distinction between
the customary holdings and the barton lands, for all the
mills are entered among the former ; Dayehouse parke was
first entered among the customary holdings, and was after-
wards transferred ; and customary holdings at Downe and
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438 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
Patter were held with barton lands at Castle and Norton
respectively. Taking the number of ferlings of the cus-
tomary and demesne lands and adding them to the ferlings
of the free tenants within the parish in 1301, we get a total
of 118J, which is a remarkably close approximation, not
only to the ferlings in 1299 and 1301, but also to the
ploughlands of Domesday Book.
A translation of the first entry of the holdings of the
customary tenants will show the nature and amount of
information given about each one : —
" Agnes Dayman, widow, late daughter of John Walden, holds
by copy dated 8th day of September in the 13th year of King
Henry VIIL, under the seal of Richard Palmer, under a fine of
12&, a half-ferling and one clawe of land, with their appur-
tenances, in Cheristawe, excepting and reserving a certain parcel
of land, called lez Wyndynge-place, lying at Herton myll as far as
the mill of the said lords, to which belong 1 house in which she
dwells, 1 barn, 1 garden, and 1 orchard containing 1 rood, 2
closes called the Crosse parkes containing 4 acres, 1 close called
Swetenham containing 2 acres, one close called the Hill parke
containing 6 acres, 1 close bewest the towne containing 9 acres, 1
close called ye Brodewey parke containing 3 acres, 1 close called
the Higher parke containing 2 acres, 1 close called y6 Lower
parke containing 3 acres, and in the meadow £ acre. 12*. 2d."
A marginal entry in another hand, and probably at a
later date, states : —
"Reversion granted to Thomas Baggilhoole, Johanna, dau. of
Agnes Dayman, and Mark, son of the said Agnes, for a fine of
5Z."
This amount is entered, among the list of fines given at
the end of the survey, as paid by "Thomas Baggilhoole,
Joone and Mark Dayman."
" Lez Wyndynge-place " here mentioned means probably
the winTWwing-place. It was held with a cottage, two wheat
mills, and two acres of land at Horton Myll, and shortly
afterwards formed the subject of litigation in Chancery.*
In addition to these mills, there were still a wheat mill and
a fulling mill at Gyggeston Mylles [Eddistone Mill], held
with one claw of land lying in two closes and containing
five acres ; and there was still a fulling mill with appurten-
ances in Hartland [Tucking-mill]. The old fish-pond had
become a close of land, called Hedwere, in Blekebery, and
9 Oak qf Proceedings in Chancery, H.h. 10, No. 6.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE EAELY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 439
the demesne lands of Castle, Hindharton, and Butterbury,
with the addition of other lands, had been split up and
increased in number to forty-four holdings.1
The present acreage, according to the Tithe Apportion-
ment of 1842, is given in the Appendix in the case of
those holdings which can be identified almost with cer-
tainty. From this table it will be seen that the acreage
given in 1566 represents at least half as much again in
actual area. The following comparison of the two estimates
of one compact farm, Moor, will show that the difference is
not only in the sizes of the whole holding, but in the sizes
of the separate enclosures. The tenant in 1566, John
Galdesore [pronounced Galde-so-re] was a direct ancestor of
the owner and occupier in 1842, named John Galsworthy : —
Moore in 1566.
Moor in 1842.
A.
A.
R. P.
House, barn, etc., garden,
orchard .
£
House, Court, etc.
1
3 18
West above towne .
6
Wester Bove Town .
7
2 20
Est above towne
4
Easter do.
4
3 38
North est parke
3
East Park .
4
3 0
Myddell parke
2
East Middle Park .
4
3 8
Marshes
1
0 24
North wester parke
8
J Middle Park »
\ Wester Park J
11
1 14
Furzehayes .
H
( Great Furze 1
1 Little do. J
2
0 3
y6 Croft .
4
j North Croft )
\ South do. J
7
0 14
Neweparke .
4
West Park
( Little South Town ]
5
2 36
South towne
5
1 Great do.
( South Town \
\°
1 7
West mede
i
•5-
Little Plots
0
3 4
North mede
H
Meadow
I Moor \
2
2 11
The Moore .
6
< Moor at Castle > .
( Plot j
9
3 20
46
73 3 27
In several cases this ratio of acreages has been greatly
increased by enclosures made since the earlier date. For
example, in 1566 each of the two Farfords had a moiety of
1 Some of the holdings, e.g. North Beckland, had probably been customary
holdings, and had been added to the demesne (tracta in dominium) since
1301.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
440 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
Farford Moor and Farford Green, but these have been since
enclosed, and represent an addition of 40 acres to each
holding. Thus, the 47 £ acres in 1566 are really equivalent
to 67, instead of 147, at the present time.
Between the two entries indicating respectively the total
value of the demesne lands and the total value of the
manor, the following curious entries have been inter-
polated : —
" Tassebury. Richard Lorrymer, abbot of Hartiland, holds in
the same, and pays a yearly rent of . . . II. Is. Sd.
Harilond. The free tenants, as well as the customary, pay
yearly one quarter and seven bushels of wheat, price per bushel
4d., called hartwheete, in addition to sundry pence paid for collect-
ing the rents of Wulfardesworthy . . . 5s.
Stetmon'e. Two parcels of land . ... 8d."
The occurrence of the name of Eichard Lorrymer is
particularly curious and seems inexplicable. A deed of
feoffment of the church lands in 1507 was witnessed by
"Richard Lorymer, abbot of Hartland," but Dr. Oliver
mentions no abbot of that name. The only explanation
I can suggest is that the abbots had held certain lands in
Tosberry for the above rent,2 and that the entry was copied
from an old survey without ascertaining whether the hold-
ing was still a part of the manor. One or more messuages
and tenements at Tosberye were granted with the abbey
property to William Abbot, Esq., in 1545, but in 1301, as
we have seen, the village of Tossebury paid a rent of
£1 Is. 8d. as a free tenant of the manor, and in 1476-7
John Pollard, Esq., held there one messuage and 200 acres
of land.8
The other entries are also obscure. It is difficult to see
how all the free and customary tenants could have combined
to pay fifteen bushels of wheat between them. The word
" Stetmon'e " apparently indicates a place, but I am unable
to identify it.
The survey of Hartland ends with the following notes in
English :—
" Hurtone Burgus. Memorandum that there belongeth to the
lordes of this mannor a borrowe, called the Borrowgh of Horton,
and the free-holders do answer the lordes yerelye for the free
2 In the Valor EccUsiasHcm of Hen. VIII. it is stated that this sum was
paid annually by the abbey to the Dynhams as chief-rent for the manor of
Stoke (Oliver, Monasticon Exon.% 214).
1 Inq. p.m., 16 Edw. IV., No. 75.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 441
rentes of the same borrowgh a just accompte of suche rentes as
they leavy of theyre owne landes and tenementes which the[y]
holde frelye within, the same horrowgh without any deduction or
abatement . . . . . . 8Z.
" Customes fy Memorandum, this manor of Hartland
Remembraunces. belongeth to the Erie of Bath, the lord
Zouch, Mr. Arundell of Lanherne, and Mr. Compton, esquiers.
" Item, there do belonge to the same oon hundreth, called
Hartland Hundred, and maye kepe a torne & Courte de tribus
septimanis in tree [every three weeks],
" Item, the said lordes maye kepe ij lawe dayes & ij Courtes of
the Manor every yere, unto which all tenauntes, as well free as
customarye, shall sewe.
"Item, the lordes do prescribe to have all wayves, strayes,
felons' good es, and all other profettes, rules, jurisdictions, and
realties within the same manor, borough, and hundredes.
" Item, every tenaunt that shall dye seased of any customary
landes of the said manor, shall paye for every tenement, farthingef
and half farthinge land, the best beast for a heriett, and so like-
wise for a farleve upon every alienation or forfaiture, and so
lykewysefor every clawe oflande.6
"Item, every of the said four lordes maye kepe a Court of
Survey at his pleashure, and may graunt his owne fourth parte of
every of the said landes and tenementes for such fyne or fynes as
the takers and they shall agree upon.
" Item, it is to be remembred that no widowe after the death of
her husband shall within this manor clay me widowed estate in
any landes or tenementes in which her husband shall dye seased,
but yf she be named upon the copye, then to hold hit duringe her
lyef, and may marry without licence, and most paye heriett at her
death, as other tenauntes doo.
" Item, the custome of the said manor is, and hath ben tyme
out of mynd, that the lordes may graunte their customary landes,
and such landes as hath heretofore ben graunted by copye, for
terme of three lyves, eyther in possession or in reversion."
[The remaining clause was apparently added at the law
court on 13th February, 12 Eliz. (1570).]
"Item, if any tenaunt do demise & lett any parcell of hys
tenement to the next tenaunt, being other in remaynder or in
reversion, or to any other person, that then every suche person &
tenaunt in possession shall cause the bayleffe or suche other as
have auctoritie to chuse the best beast then being the tenaunte's
goodes, and the same to be by them [ap]praysed, & the occupier,
being other in remaynder, reversion, or otherwyse, to be bounde
for the same so preysed, to be payed immediately upon the death
4 Inserted. • Added.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
442 THE EARLY HISTOBY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
of the tenaunt in possession; if the tenaunt in possession,
remaynder, reversion, or other person do not revele and open y6
same occupation to the bayleflfe, or other as have auctoritie for the
same, that then the best beaste, whether it be the goodes of the
tenaunt in possession, remaynder, reversion, or any other so
occupying, to be payed upon the death of the tenaunt in possession,
as is said."
The borough nominally contained 160 acres,6 which, at
the rate of a shilling an acre, prescribed by the grant of
Oliver de Dynham, works out at the exact sum of £8. Two
of the customary holdings and one of the demesne holdings
paid rent to the bailiff of the borough, but the lords were
accustomed to make the grant.
There is no indication of the place or manner of holding
the hundred court of Hartland, but in the case of Hemioke it
was apparently held in the open air in accordance with the
ancient custom of folk-moots : —
"Item, there [bdongeth to this manor7] is a court commonly
called the Hundereth Courte of Hemiock, which is kept every
monyth at a hill thear, called the Hundryth Courte, nye Thomas
Rogers' tenement, and may be farmed for xx*. at the leaste to all
the Lordes."
I have only to add that all the customary and demesne
holdings were granted either in possession or reversion for
a term of three lives on payment of certain fines. Many of
them were afterwards granted on long leases by the four
lords separately and at different dates, and ultimately be-
came the freehold property of the lessees' representatives.
The manor has thus become split up into a large number of
separate small estates, but the chief -rents of the free
tenants and the manorial rights have in most cases become
the property of Sir Lewis S. Stucley, Bart., who is the re-
presentative of William Abbott, the original grantee of the
abbey property.
6 The actual acreage seems to have been about 216 acres.
7 Cancelled.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
THE KAKLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
443
APPENDIX L
Free Tenant* in 1301.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12. <
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
80.<
81. «
32.
83.
84. *
85.
86.
87.
88.
39.
Holding.
4 yirgate
1 ferling
•in 70/
Name.
Will, de Langoforlanng
Ric. Cranellera
Ric. Colyn
h. of Joh. de Yeapeham
Nic de Northon
Adam Berbys .
Tho. de Rousdon .
Joh. le Meste .
Geoff, de Beare
Will. Chepman
Joh. Burnel .
'Rog. de Setcheuyle
Walt de Truwe
Job. de Truwe
Rob. de Bytteforde
Walt, de Yeugelande
Walt Cole .
Louria(?) de Yeugelande
WilLKempe .
WilL Couche .
Ralph de Aula
Alf. de Fosfelde
Joh. de la Forde
h. of Burdesdon
Bart Giffard4
Will. Heleman8 . . s
Sarah & Agnes deGorfenne |
Margery, dan. of Rob.
Giffard8 . . i
Walt Dalyon . . J
•Gilb. de Uppacote . . |
1 Ralph de Lydeton . . J „
Hen.deWymandesworthy J „
Job. Baggellehole . . | ,,
'Joh. de Henneford . 3 acres
Adam de Doddewortby . 1 ferling
Hen. de Whytelegh .1 „
Walt Dalyon . . 1 „
Rent
«. d.
9 0
6 0
i
. 1
. i
. 1
. 1
A
4 ferling
i „
0
5
2
2
6
8
1
4
8
16
Hen. de Ylmannescote •{ . ? claw I
Joh. Batin . . . i ferling
Suooutsd iDnmnoATiOM with Hold-
ings nc 1566 (Appbmdix II.).
No. Place. Rent
£ t. d.
56. Long Furlong .088
42. Gawlish . .062
2 8
8 6
4 8
67.
51.
6.
27.
8 0
8 0
5 0
1 0]
8 0 J
8 6
8 0
15 0
12 6
[197. Yapham1 .
61. Norton
59. Natcott .
Roaedown .
Holloford .
Beara
58-60. Natcott .
57. do.
Satchfield (with
Cranford) . 0 14
True. . .04
West True . 0 8
7 8
14 4|
2 4
2 8
4 4
10 2
1 6
73.
74.
7-9. Biteford
90-1. Yagland
0 2
8]
8 7
4 91
8 0
6 1
4 10
2 2
8 6
4»
2
0
1
.092
40-1. Furedon . .097
83. Welsford . .081
82. Weleford . . 0 15 2
[Hams & Larka-
borough . 0 12 6]*
37. Ford. . . 0 7 10
21-2. Bursdon . . 0 4 11*
158. do. . . 0 6 10
44. Gornn7
75.
0 14 8
Upcott in Sheep-
wash . .24
55. Littleham. . 0 13
84. Wembsworthy . 0 3
39. Friar's Hill . 0 3
[194. Upcott Hill* in
Welcombe . 0
81. Dadworthy . 0
[195. Whiteley . . 0
43. Gooseland (Elms-
cott) . . 0 16 1
85. Elmscott . . 0 10 5J
2
4
0
0*
8 0]
4 10
7 7p
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
444
THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
Suggested Identification with Hold-
ings in 1500 (Appendix II.).
No.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
Name. Holding.
Rio. Colyn . . .J ferling
WilL de Ylmondescote . j ,,
Tho. atte Berne . . J „
Tho. Dalyon . . . | „
Will de Ilmundescote . 3 acres
Walt Dalyon . . 3
Rent
$. d.
50.
51,
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57,
58
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
1
4
4
4
4
. 4
. l
:1
'Tho. Blachond de Bokys 1 ferling 10
'Rob. Hardyn . . 4 „ 4
Will Truweman . . 4 „ 4
•Ric. Dodouyle, Rob. de
Omere Wolfredesworthy,
Hen. son of Thomas, &
Alan de Clifford . . 4 „ 4
Joh. de Cranford . . 4 » 3
*Geoff. de Cranford . . 1 „ 6
* Hen. de Cnappe . . 1 ,, 6
*Hen. de Snackeslonde . 4 » 10
•Ric. son of Thomas . 1 ,, 6
do. . 1 acre 0
*Dav. de Doosidecroste . 1 ferling 16
Will, de Clyfford" . 4
•Will.de .J
•Phil Yolthehat . . *
Alex, de la Pytte and
partners
Rog. de Overefelye
Ric. de Overefelye .
Oliver de Overefelye
Rob. de Bytteworthy de
Sicchedon
Ralph Pollard
Walrand de Blakedon
Will, de Faticote .
Rob. de Bytteworthy
Walt. Esse . . . J ,,
do. ... 1 piece
Phil. Cotel . . . 1 „
•Geoff, de Fochihole . 1 „
•Ric. Snow and Hen. de
Wolfredesworthy . J ferling 1 8*
Hen. Blouthe • . . 4 „ 1 8»
•Bart. Giffard . . 2 „ 6 83
Joh. Byriman de Ilmanes-
cote . . . .1 acre 0 4»
Hen. Thomas de Wolf-
redesworthy . . 2 acres 0 6s
Tho. Blachond for land
which . . . Pe verel u holds
at Grene8combe .
{a certain 1 1
way /
Rob de Lottekesford de
Gorfenne ... — 02*
VillatadeTossebury — 21 8
Joh. de Hele, smith . 4 ferling 6 0
Bart. Giffard . . . 1 ,, 3 8
0
8
0
0
0
a
0
0
0»>
0b
*}
4C
06
4C
0*
0*
6*
6»
6*
4*
»
3J»
.}
Tho. de Merrifeld
— 3 0«
0»
No. Place.
33.
34.
32.
Elmscott . . 0
do. . .0
do. . 0
(included in 33)
17. Bucks
19. do.
20. do.
24. East Clifford
30. Cranford .
28-9. do.
53-4. Knap
69-70. Snacksland
10-14. Bitworthy
1-5. Ashcroft .
23. Clifford .
25. East Clifford
26. do.
64-6. Pitt .
76. Higher Velly
78-80. do.
77. do.
68. Seckington
15. Blagdon .
50. Holepark .
[Reeve Cross
81. Warmleigh
88. Fouchole .
88. West Town
89. do.
85. do.
Rent
s. d.
. 0 18 7
.041
.041
0 4
0 5
0 6
0 6
0 10
0 6 8
0 15
3 6
4 6
0 2 5
4
0 4 1*
3 6
0 6
0 6]u
0 4
0 0
0 1
0 1
0 7
4
4
0
92. Yarnscombe .030
72. Tosberry1* .118
[Smithland]
24. East Clifford .041
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
445
No.
Name.
Holding.
84. Ric. Colyn and h. of Joh.
de Yapham . 12 hens =
85. Joh. le Meste . 12 „ =
86. Ric atte Velye, Rog. de
eadem, Geoff, de Here,
and Joh. atte Velye 18
87. The de Caynnes14 . . 1
88. Will, de Langeforlang . 2
89. Rob 1
90. Nic de Filham
Herdesworih: —
91. Joh.GaUedeHerdesworth 1
92. Nic. Knyf
93. Ric Knyf . . . \
94. Will. Houpere . . 1
95. Nic. Saugon . . . \
96. Ralph le Mayngner . \
97. Geoff. Eynesman . . |
ferling
ferling
0)
Rent
«. d.
0 6*
0 6*
: 0 9*
1 0»«
1 0»e
0 lja
17 9
6 0d
9 0d
SuoonTKD Idsmtifioatiom with Hold-
ings ik 1506 (Appbmdix II.).
No. Place. Rent
0d
0*
0
6 0*
3 0
71. Thorry
49.
48.
46.
45.
47.
Hardisworthy
lib. pepper
0 6 0
0 7 6
0 5 3
0 4 0*
0 8 0
* Extra-parochial.
a Payable at Michaelmas.
b Payable at Christmas, Easter, and Michaelmas.
c Payable at Easter and Michaelmas.
d Payable on June 29th and at Michaelmas.
e 1 lb. of pepper. f 1 lb. of cumin.
1 Entered among the demesne lands in 1566.
* The rent of Satchfield in 1779 was Is. Id.
* This holding does not appear in the Survey of 1566.
4 Of Halsbury.
6 In 1395-6 (19 Ric. II.) John Holman de Gorfen gave to Thomas, his son,
all his messuages, lands, and tenements in Gorfen {Heralds Visitation, 1620).
* Rector of Clovelly, 1282, and Canon of Exeter Cathedral (Vivian, Vis. of
Dev., 396).
7 In 1199 Oliver de Dynam gave to Osbert (Courtenay), son of Richard, two
forlings of land in Gorven {Heralds' Visitation, 1620 ; Risdon, Survey, 235).
8 Entered among the demesne lands in 1566.
9 This was the rent in 1779. In 1566 the holding appears to be included among
the demesne lands (No. 195).
,f Query Will. Giffard de Clyfford. %% Cliff ard was the lands and dwellings of
the Giffards before they wrote themselves of Hallesbery" (Risdon, Survey, 236).
11 This holding does not appear in the Survey of 1566.
11 Hugh Peverel and others held Yarnscombe in socage in 1284-96 [Feudal
Aids, 342).
M Not included among Free Tenants' holdings in 1566.
14 Of Winkleigh. Held Thorry in 1808 (Inq. p.m., 1 Ed. II., No. 30).
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
446
THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
APPENDIX II.
(A) Free Tenants in 1566.
[These held their lands freely by military service, and all, except those marked :
owed suit at three law courts annually.]
No.
Place.
l.*Ashcroft •
2.*
3.»
4.*
6.*
6. Beara .
7. Biteford
8.
9.
10.*Bitworthy .
ll.#
12.#
13.*
14.*
15. Blagdon
16.*Broadwood Kelly
17.* Bucks .
18.*
19.*
20.*
21. Bursdon
22.
28. Clifford
24.* Clifford, East
25.*
26.*
27*Cranford
29.*
Name in Survey.
Aisshe Croft
Aishe Croft
do.
do.
do.
Beare .
Byteford
do.
da
Byttworthy
Bytworthy
do.
do.
do.
Blackedon
Brodewood Kelly ,
West Buckesshe .
West Buckhuishe ,
do.
West Buckehuishe.
Bursdon
do.
West Clifford
East Clyfford
do.
do.
Cranford (2 tene-
ments) & Satche-
wyll (1 tenement)
Cranford
do.
80.* . do.
31. Dadworthy . . Dod worthy
Dooton. See Fursdon (Nos. 60-1).
32. Elmscott . . Yelmescott
33. . . do.
84. . . do.
35. . . do.
36. Forcewell . . Forsewyll
Name of Tenant.
Phil Colef .
h. of Cake .
Chris. Symcocke .
Joh. Doctonf
Joh. Secoombet •
Joh. Kempthorne
Ann Davy, wid. .
Joh. Kempthorne.
Chris. Symcocke .
Phil. Colet .
Joh. Seccombe f .
PhiL Colef
Hug. Pryst of Wulles-
worthy
Joh. Nickell, cU. Edger
h. of Blackedon, al. Gyf-
ford
h. of Furseand Norrys .
Phil. Colet .
Joh. Ryder (in right of
wife Joha)
Thoa. Saunder, wid.
PhiL Colet (formerly h.
of Cranford)
Joh. Deyman
h. of Hug. Pryst t
Joh. Gyffordt
Joh. Fulford, kntt
Hug. Pryst of Wulles-
worth
Joh. Clotworthy .
twill. Praunce
h. of Edw. Cleverdon .
. Joh. John and Joh.
Blynche •
. Ant Bery .
. h of Will Cole .
. h. of Hug. Prystt
. Isabella Pontington
. Hug. Cadde .
. Joh. Pryst, sen. .
. h. of Tho. Moreman,
clerk, viz. h. of Rob.
Nychol^Joh. Deyman,
Ric. Knapman, and
Agnes Short, wid.
Rent.
Acreage.
178
4 10 62
1 0 ^
0 1 J-228
1 0 J
1 8 \
1 8
1 8J
0 10+
0 10$
yi55
8 6 124
6 OX
18 7>
3 1J
4 1
245
7 0 3951
4 1 \
8 6
3 6
14 4
3 1
8 1
5 5
4 10
3 9
333
231*
72
» y \
4 8 I
3 0 [
10 6jJ
170»
3 OJ 167
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE KABLY HISTORY OF THS MANOR OF HARTLAND.
447
No. Place.
37. Ford .
38.*Fonchole
Name in Surrey.
Forde .
Fowchehole .
Rent.
Present
89. Friar's Hill . . Fryershyll
40. Fursdon [? Doc ton] Fursedon
41. do.
42. Gawlish . . Gawlyche
43. Gooseland (Elms- Gosebelond
cort)
44. Gorvin
45. Hardisworthy
46.
47.
48.
49.
50. Holepark
51. Holloford
52.*Horrabridge .
53.*Knap (in Woolfar
d&worthy)
54.»
55.*Littleham
56. Long Furlong
57. Natoott
58.
59.
60.
61. Norton
62.
63.*Oxenmead
64. Pitt .
65.
66.
67. Rosedown
Satch&eld. See
68. Seckington
69*Snacksland
70*
71. Thorry .
72. Tosberry
73. True .
74.
75.*Upcott in
wash
76. Velly, Higher
77.
78.
79.
80.
81. Warmleigh
Gorven
Haddesworthe
Haddesworthy
do.
da
Haddysworthy
Holeparke
Hollaford
Horrebridge
Enapp
do.
Lytleham
Langefurlonge
Nottycott
do.
do.
do.
Norton
do.
Oxenmeade
Pytt .
do. .
do. .
Rowsdon
Cranford (No. 27).
Seckenton
Snakesland
do.
Thorry
Tassebury
Trewe
West Trewe
Upcott in
wayshe
Higher Velly
do.
do.
do.
do.
Wermelegh
' Acreage.
7 10 76
0 3J 15
3 Oil 12
\ 8)»
6 2 66
16 1 53
14 8 296
4 m\
5 3:
8 °* 466
7 n
6 0J
0 6 37
6 1 1134
12 IX
8
Name of Tenant.
Tho. Cowke, o( FonJ .
Joh. Nickel!, sen., al.
Edger
h. of Hug. Prustt
Rob. Wylcookes .
Kath. Pryst, wid.
Joh. Seccombet .
h. of Dalyn, viz. Joh*.
Velly, wid., and Tho.
Chollowyllt .
Hug. Pryst of Gorven t
h. of Hug. Prystt
h. of Vyell and Cleve .
Hug. Pryst of Gorven f
do. (formerly h.
of Whitt)
h. of Beryman
, h. of Hug. Prystt
h. of Joh. Scrapye
. h. of Lugger and others
WilL Wulridge .
Tho. Vellyt and Tho.
Chollewyllt .
Joh. St Leger, knt.
, h. ofNic. Healef
Eath. Pryst, wi<L
Alice Davy, wid. .
h. of Hoper, viz. Joh.
Denys and Beatrix
Hoper, wid.
h. of Vellyt
Tho. Cowke
Joh. Dayman of Hurton
Tho. Rowe of Whitteston
Joh. Berell of Fremyng-
ton ....
, Joh. Kinge al. Saunder
h. of Hug. Prystt
Joh. Henscott, gent .
Isabella Pontington, wid. 4 1J 328*
PhiL Colet . . .51)
Joh. Nickell, sen., al. ■ 34
Edger . . .51
h. of Hug. Prystt 1 lb. pepper 137
Ric. Lorrymer, abbot of
:i
8
13 4
8 8
3 6 \
1 1
85
83
9*
165
4
1
0 I}3025
4 U
: i}»
1 6 J
3 0 45}
Shepe-
Hartiland
Joh. Gyffordt
h. of Itog. Adam .
f h. of Thome
Tho. Vellyt
Bart Bery .
h. of Hug. Prystt
h. of Rowe .
Nic. Elliott
1
8
2
0
2*
6
4
74
2i
74
331
J3957
179
h. ofRic.Younge(llb.waxor) 4 70
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448
THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
No. Place.
Name in Surrey. Name of Tenant.
82. Welsford
. Wellesford . . Joh. Wellesford .
83.
. Wellysford . . Isabella Pontyngton .
84. Wembsworthy
. Wemesworthye . h. of Hug. Prystt
85. • West Town .
. WestWullesworthy Ric. Knapman
do. Joh. Webbe .
86.*
87.*
do. Joh. Huddell
88.*
do. Joh. Hele
89.*
. West Wullesworthye Joh. Seyntleger, knt. .
. EstYaggalond . Will Malet of Edes-
90. Tagland
leighf (formerly Joh.
Wynslade 5*.) .
. West Yaggaland . WilLWideslade .
91.
92.*Yarnscombe .
. Yarnescomb . . h. of Trevylyanf
Bent.
15
Present
Acreage.
~ 71
nil
4 2
s o:
136
90}
153
Total (except Tosberry) £21 2 4
and 1 lb. pepper.
* Extra-parochial.
t Pedigree given in Vivian's Visitations of Devon.
1 Including True (Nos. 73-4).
8 Satchfield contains 100 acres. 8 Excluding common.
4 Including customary holdings.
6 Including customary and demesne holdings.
• Including demesne holding.
7 Including Clifford (No. 23). 8 Excluding moor (247 acres).
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND. 449
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454 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MANOR OF HARTLAND.
APPENDIX III.
EXPLANATION OF MAP.
The accompanying map represents approximately the boundaries
and distribution of the different holdings of the manor in 1566.
It has been prepared from the Tithe Maps of the parishes of
Hartland and Woolfardisworthy, with certain alterations and
corrections derived from the detailed descriptions of the customary
and demesne holdings in the Elizabethan survey. The dots
signify the number of holdings situated at the same place or
having the same name. These holdings are in nearly all cases
intermixed in a most intricate and confusing fashion, and as it
would be impossible in a map of this scale to indicate them
separately, they have been grouped together.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
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Di jitized by VjOOQlC
456 RALEGHANA.
adjoining No. I. ; and No. III. in the outer wall and east end
of the north choir ambulatory. All are placed in shallow
recesses and under low canopies; are raised a short distance
above the floor level; and all have their faces directed to
the east, with their feet resting on the figures of animals.
They are sculptured in freestone, and although some of
their accessories are greatly mutilated, there are so few
marks of erosion or of wear and tear in the principal
figures as at first sight to convey the impression of the
sculptor having designed and completed them quite plain
and destitute of ornament, it being difficult to realise that
they had been originally highly coloured and decorated.
As the main interest of the following remarks centres in
No. I., it is necessary to describe it at some length, any
material differences between it and the other two being
subsequently ported out.
It measures six feet from head to heel, is armed cap-i-pie,
and rests on a large stone slab, 1 foot 8 inches above the
floor line. The head and neck are enveloped in a hood or
coif, having a small central opening, only just large enough
for the display of the features. Its crown of round form is
elevated 4£ inches above the face opening, a point of con-
siderable importance when estimating the date of the
figure. Immediately over the upper boundary of the face
line is a plain band or fillet— possibly of leather or of
cuir bouilld. The sculptured features are much worn, dis-
play a moustache, and are remarkable for having been
carved on a separate piece of stone, and then inserted in a
hole prepared for it, the joint being wide and unmistakable.
The head reclines on a conical-shaped helmet, having a cross
in its front, formed by a plain, narrow, vertical ridge, inter-
sected by another at right angles to it, and bears no trace
of any other ornament. The apex points outwards and
has a cointisse attached to it. The figures of a diminutive
angel on either side support the head and shoulders ; that
on the right hand has the upper part broken off, but its
fellow on the left is fairly perfect, its left wing being
curved backwards, so as not to be concealed by the shield.
The body is habited in a long surcoat reaching to the
ankles at the back, but cut away in front, so as not to
interfere with riding; it displays the lower portion of a
divided hauberk, and at the waist is confined by a narrow
strap and buckle. The lower part is in folds, but the upper
is plain, is overlapped by the hood, and has large armholes
through which the hauberk is seen. The shield is held by
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RALBGHANA. 457
the left hand, which appears beneath it, rests on the left
breast, and is suspended from the neck by a narrow belt
(guige); is heater-shaped, 21 inches long, rounded, with a
curved upper border. The right hand grasps the handle of
a sheathed sword, 39J inches from pommel to point, the
former being globular, with a diameter of 2f inches; the
guards, somewhat broken, are bent downwards. It is con-
nected with a narrow sword-belt (baldrick) by two straps
on the right and three on the left side ; square elevations
mark the various joints, and were probably decorated. The
whole of the right arm is seen, and the sleeve of the upper
part is loose, but that on the forearm is tight, and is con-
tinuous with the covering of the hand, which has separate
fingers ; there is no mark of a joint, or of a narrow band
at the wrist, such as appears on the effigy of William
Longespee, Earl of Salisbury, in Salisbury Cathedral.1
The elbow is destitute of any metal plate (coudi&re), a
point of importance not to be overlooked. The legs are
crossed at the knees, the latter being protected by metal
plates (genouilli&res), below which the coverings are tight-
fitting (chausses); the feet are pointed, and rest upon the
figure of a lion with a mutilated head. Single-prick spurs
are buckled on the outer side of the feet, by straps above
the ankle and in front of the heeL
The plain surface of the stone is so far misleading as to
make the casual observer believe it was intended to repre-
sent the finished design of the sculptor. A careful examina-
tion of the whole of the effigy, especially of all angles and
portions that are undercut, or are partly concealed, proves
the entire surface to have been primarily encased in a thin
layer of plaster, as a groundwork for moulded or stamped
decoration, customarily known as gesso work. It was
commonly employed in the case of memorial effigies carved
in a comparatively inexpensive material, the whole being
finally painted or gilt; and as, according to Ruskin, "no
colour is so noble as the colour of a good painting on canvas
or gesso," the effect of such ornamentation would be con-
siderably heightened. Faint traces of red colour exist on
portions of the surcoat, probably from the stain having
permeated the layer of gesso. There is ample evidence of
the hauberk, arms, legs, coif, and hood having been covered
with a representation of chain mail, i.e, of mail formed of
interlaced rings, each ring being thus connected with four
1 J. Hewitt, Ancient Armour (1855-60), pL 54, i 232 ; C. A. Stothard,
Monumental Effigies (1817), pL 87, 89, 43, 44.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
458 RALEGHANA.
others ; and this must have been stamped on the gesso, as
several portions overlap each other. Whether this was
painted or gilt is uncertain, as all traces of such decoration
have vanished. The armour of an effigy "of exquisite
design and execution," belonging to the same period, pre-
served in Haccombe Church, is stated to have been gilt,
upon which was painted a black foliated pattern.2 This
effigy belongs to the same period as that of the cathedral
sculpture No. 1, and is believed to represent Sir Stephen de
Haccombe, who lived in the latter part of the thirteenth
century. Its similarity is especially noticeable in the
absence of coudi&res and the presence of genouilli£res.
The main points of difference consist in the fillet of the
coif terminating at the face line on either side; in the
presence of a band at the wrist; and in the left hand
supporting the sword sheath. A large amount of the gesso
work remains intact, as well as of the original colour
decoration, including that of the blazon of arms on the
shield.
Tempus edax rerum. After a time the surface of the
gesso got eroded from damp, weathering, etc., and patches
of the casing became friable, turned to powder, and fell
or were blown off; other portions being loosened would be
removed during cleaning operations, the removal being,
no doubt, sometimes assisted by mischievous hands. What-
ever the cause of the denudation, the clean surface of the
stone, particularly on the prominent parts, was exposed to
view.8
There are no traces of any inscription, or of anything at
the present date by which its identity or of the family to
which it belonged is ascertainable, but we have the im-
portant testimony of Sir W. Pole 4 that the figure bore on
its shield " the armes of Ealegh, of Ralegh : vid. Checque,
Or & Greules, a chief verry " (109), and from his statement
we learn it to have been based on a personal examination.
On comparing effigy No. IL with No. I., we notice the
canopy to be more ornate, and the sculpture to be more on
the ground level The coif is round, but 1J inches lower,
while the fillet has several projections on its front aspect,
8 Vide Trans. E.D.A.S., I N.S., 65, 66, and plate 4, noted as the work
of R. (C. A. ?) Stothard.
* Vide the description of a cross-legged effigy of the same period in the
church of Ash-oy-Sandwich, Kent, in Journ. Archceol. Inst., viii. (1851),
302, 803, in which "the stucco has disappeared from all the exposed parts."
4 Description of Devonshire (1791).
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
SALEGHANA. 459
marking the sites of original decorations (a good example
is shown in plate 44 of Stothard's work). The helmet on
which the head reclines bears a large fleur-de-lis in its front,
partly covering a vertical ridge; while the apex with its
cointisse is directed towards the figure. Both the shield
and the sword are about 3 inches longer, and the former has
a straight upper border. All the supporting straps are
remarkably wide, varying from 3J to 3J inches, and retain
traces of their original decorations with ornamental borders,
and square ornaments at regular intervals ; each has a large
and prominent buckle. The sword-guards are depressed,
each measuring 5 \ inches, while the pommel is circular and
flat. A small strap, not shown in the other sculptures,
descends from the waist to the left hip, and is there lost ;
its purpose is not very obvious, but it may have supported
some object when the knight was mounted on horseback.
There are steel plates on both elbows and knees, and those
of the latter possess a circular ornament on either side.
Gloves with undivided fingers cover the hands, and the feet
rest on an animal like a dog, with its head mutilated. The
surcoat bears traces of red colour, and the remains of chain-
mail in gesso work are more numerous, especially about the
arms and legs. The face portion has been inserted, and
there are no figures of diminutive angels.
The effigy is a cenotaph, erected to the memory of
"Humfrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, and
Constable of England," who was slain at the battle of
Borough Bridge, in March, 1321-2, and was buried in the
Dominican Convent at York.5 His epitaph, stated to have
been written by Hoker, the City Chamberlain, was painted
on the wall immediately above the sculptured figure, and
traces of it yet remain. A transcript of the full text is
thus given by Polwhele : —
" Epitaphium D. Bohunni illustrissimi
Quondam Comitis Herefordenais,
Oh Bohunne Comes ! claro de sanguine nate !
En ! rapit vitae stamina parca tuae.
Deiicit ilia viros illuatri stemmate natos :
lnsuper obscuros dejicit ilia viros.
Aspicite humanam Bohunni in imagine sortem ?
Cunctos mors panda falce cruenta secat."
There is ample reason to believe the cenotaph was erected
by his daughter Margaret, who, three years after her father's
• Polwhele, Hist, of Devonshire, ii. 15; Dr. Oliver, Bp$. JEz.,
203, 204.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
460 RALEGHANA.
death, married Hugh Courtenay, the second Earl of Devon.
The effigies of herself and of her husband adorn an altar
tomb in the south transept of the cathedral.
The figure No. III. rests in a somewhat deeper recess
than the other two, and below a higher and more ornate
canopy of later date. Its character closely resembles No. L
in having a rounded coif of similar elevation (4£ inches),
and No. II. in the existence of steel plates on both the
elbows and knees. The end of the guige rests on the chest.
The main points of difference consist in the lower part of
the quilted undercoat (gambeson) projecting below the
hauberk; in the feet being square-ended, aud displaying
depressions between the toes ; and in the head reclining on
three cushions. Unlike the others, it has additional stand-
ing figures (mutilated) at the head and feet respectively ; a
single one at the former, and one with a horse at the foot.
They are about half the length of the principal sculpture.
Leland affirms it to be a memorial of Sir Eichard Stapel-
don, brother of the Bishop of Exeter of the same name,
whom he thus notices: "Richardus de Stapleton Miles e
regione sepulchri Episcopi Exon. fratris ejus."* Pole con-
firms this, and adds, " w* his armes on his shield, Argent,
two bends undee, or wayvet Sable" (110). An illustration
of the effigy and its surroundings appears in Britton's work.7
The date of his death is usually noted as 1326, his brother
the bishop having been murdered on October 15th of that
year; but Dr. Oliver shows he was certainly living in
1330.8
Before proceeding further, it is desirable to notice the
fragment of a sculptured figure preserved in the cathedral
cloisters (a cast of it is in the Boyal Albert Museum,
Exeter), as, apart from its local interest, it will assist in
elucidating several points connected with the effigies already
described, and for the sake of convenience it may be termed
No. IV.
The Dominican Convent, Exeter, founded in the thirteenth
century, occupied part of the site of the present Bedford
Circus, more especially of its southern portion, with Chapel
Street and the adjoining mews (" St. CatherineVgate . . .
led into what is now known as Egypt-lane, and immediately
opposite this gate was the door in the wall surrounding
• Itinerary , iii. 32.
7 Hist, of Exeter Cathedral (1820), plate xxii. A.
8 Bps. Ex., 63.
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Digitized by VjOOQ lC
RALEGHANA. 461
the premises of the Dominican Monastery." — W. Cotton,
Gleanings from the Municipal, etc., Records (1877), 8). The
dissolution of the convent in 1538 led to the erection of
Bedford House; this in turn fell into the builders' hands,
and in 1773 one side of Bedford Circus was built, the
opposite or western part not being commenced until 1826.
During the excavations for the first portion of the buildings
"very many sculls and bones, and various fragments of
sculpture, were discovered"; and in the later operations,
more especially on the site of the former conventual
church, " very large quantities of carved stone which had
evidently belonged to a church, were dug up, many of the
pieces being enriched with painting and gilding," among
which was the fragment of the sculptured figure above
noticed.9 It consists of a life-sized head resting on a pillow,
and of the right shoulder, displaying the upper portion of a
plain surcoat, and of a narrow guige. The head is enclosed
in a coif or hood of mail, with a central opening showing
the whole of the features. The coif has a flattened or
slightly curved crown, following the shape of the head, and
its junction with the other portion is marked by a fairly
well defined edge. It is destitute of any band or fillet, and
is composed of closely set ring mail (cut in the stone), the
rings being reversed in each row. Secured to the left side
by means of a strap and buckle is a triangular flap. When
not so fastened the hood could without difficulty be slipped
over the head, and then be kept in place by this arrange-
ment. Immediately behind it is a vertical slit, on a level
with the ear, and terminating above and below in a round
hole, probably intended to facilitate hearing.1 It is sug-
gested to have been intended for James Lord Audley, of Eed
Hill, Shropshire, who died in 1386 — an evident error, as the
character of the armour is at least a century earlier. This
mode of fastening is seen in two of the monumental effigies
in the Temple Church.2 Sometimes it was effected by a
cord or thin strap, as in an example at Dorchester, Oxford-
shire.8 The effect of this fastening piece was to cause that
side of the face to be rather fuller than the other ; and this
amply explains the fulness on the left aspect of the face,
• Dr. Oliver, Monast. Bio. Ex., 336.
1 There is a woodcut of the effigy in the Journ. Archasol. Inst., \x. (1852),
188.
2 Fide the work on this subject by E. Richardson (1843), plates 7, 8.
* Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc., ii. (1847), 187 ; and in iv. (1849), 319, 320, is
an illustration of an effigy at Pershore, showing the loose portion unlaced
and thrown back.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
462 RALBGHANA.
with a fold extending to the left shoulder, in effigies Nos.
I. and II.
The ringed mail of No. IV. could not have been later than
the middle of the thirteeuth century ; while the double chain
mail of the other three was not, according to J. R Planch^,
employed until the accession of Edward I.4 As far as Nos.
II. and III. are concerned, this is confirmed by the memorials
being those of known persons, who died respectively about
the years 1322 and 1330 or 1331 ; while the date of No. I.,
of the most interest in the present inquiry, remains to be
determined. That it belongs to about the same era as the
other two is evident, the sole variation in it being the
absence of the protecting plate armour at the elbows, which
the others possess, showing the latter to belong to a later
period. And we have the confirmatory testimony of Mr.
Hewitt, that " to the elbows of the hauberk were sometimes
affixed, but rarely in this [the thirteenth] century, plates of
metal called coudi&res." 6
A word or two of caution may be here interposed,
respecting any endeavour to estimate the date or period
of a monumental effigy. The armour depicted on it must not
always be regarded as representing that worn by the person
at the period of his decease, as it may have been his desire for
it to be similar to that used on some memorable occasion, or
in which he was habited early in life. We have to remember
that fashions, even in armour, were not the same in all
localities, and a change in any portion of it in one place,
may not have been adopted in another part of the country
until several years had elapsed. Moreover, "armour and
weapons were frequently transmitted by will from one
generation to another — a fact of some importance to the
archaeologist, as it may occasionally help to reconcile a
discrepancy in fashions not otherwise easy of solution." 6
Again, no clue to the date is afforded by the effigies
being cross-legged. Although usually thought to be re-
stricted to those who had visited the Holy Land, or had
vowed to do so, doubts have been raised in recent times
as to its accuracy. Certain is it that the practice of repre-
senting sculptured monument-figures in this position con-
tinued for a long time after the cessation of the Crusades in
4 Cye. of Costume, I. (1876), 352.
* i 234. At pp; 237, 247, of the same volume, are illustrated examples of
memorial figures of the latter part of the thirteenth century, in which the
condieres are absent, but the knee pieces (genouillieres) are present.
6 J. Hewitt, il 226.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RALEGHANA. 463
the thirteenth century. For example, there is in West-
minster Abbey a cross-legged figure of John of Eltham, Earl
of Cornwall, who died in 1344 at the age of nineteen.7
Even female figures are sometimes sculptured in this
position; e.g. in Howden Church, Yorkshire, is the cross-
legged effigy of a man clad in armour, with the arms
of Meltham of Meltham on his shield, and by his side the
effigy of his wife, "with her legs also a cross; by which
it may seem that she accompanied him on one of these
expeditions [to the Holy Land]." 8
A wide difference of opinion has been entertained with
respect to the family, and a smaller one as to the particular
member of the family effigy No. I. was intended to re-
present.
As the arms blazoned on its shield were known to have
been those of the Chichester family, or at least of one
branch of it, for several centuries, the conclusion arrived at
by many authors was that it belonged to a member of that
family. The earliest writer to allude to it is Leland, who
described it as " Chichester miles " ; 9 and is so recorded by
Polwhele.1 The Eev. J. W. Hewitt states, it is "said to
commemorate " one of the family.2 In a ground plan of the
cathedral, dated 1757 (" J. Jones del. Coffin Exon. sc."), it is
assigned to " Sr Arthur Chichester"; and in making a similar
assertion, Britton (130) adds, he was brother of Bishop
Chichester, an evident anachronism, as the bishop died in
1155, and the effigy is a century and a half later.
But authorities are at the present time generally agreed,
relying mainly on the testimony of Pole, that the arms
borne on the shield were those of the Baleghs, and were
assumed by Sir John Chichester on his marriage about the
year 1385 s with Thomasia (or Thomasine), daughter and
heiress of Sir John de Ralegh. Both Dr. Oliver (Bpa. Hx.,
204) and Izacke (Antiq. of Exeter, ii. 44) express a similar
opinion (although both rather inconsistently attribute the
Ralegh arms to Bishop Chichester in the twelfth century).4
In this Colonel Harding also coincided, but erroneously
added, "Many of this knightly family have been buried
7 C. A. Stothard, pi. 55.
8 Sir W. Dugdale, The AniierU Usage in Bearing Arms (1812), 22.
• Jtin., iii. 32. x ii 16.
2 Trans. E.D.A.8., iii. (1849), 108; and so it appears in Lysonb'
Devonshire (cccxxxii.).
* Sir W. R. Drake, Devonshire Notes, 234.
4 Dr. Oliver, Bps. Ex., 18 ; Izacke, i. 28.
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464 RALBGHANA.
in Exeter Cathedral," as no other member is recorded to
have been interred there.6
It is evident that Pole described what he saw, as to the
arms blazoned on the shields of the three sculptures. His
statements have met with general acceptation, as to those
borne on the effigies II. and III.; and this fact alone
would serve to corroborate his testimony as to the arms
of No. I.
Sir W. R. Drake (310) traverses the statements of Pole
and other writers, as to the Chichesters having derived their
arms from the Raleghs, owing to their alliance with that
family ; and further affirms, he " can find no authority in
any of the early Rolls of Arms for the statement that the
Raleghs at any time bore " those seen by Pole and by Izacke
on the cathedral effigy. He owns these arms are assigned to
"John Raley" in Pap worth's British Arrrwrials* but he doubts
its correctness, as that author records a different coat as
borne by one of the same name, overlooking the fact
of there being at that time many branches of the Raleghs,
each with a separate coat-of-arms, yet bearing the same
Christian name. He bases his opinion partly on the absence
in various early rolls examined by him, containing the Ralegh
arms mentioned by Pole, and partly on several authorities
recording the Chichester arms, as distinct from those 6f
Ralegh, thus —
4< Chichester, Chequy, or and gules, a chief vair.
Ralegh, Gules, a bend vair between six cross crosslets or" (311).
It is sufficient here to remark that the arms in the
second line were those of Ralegh of Strete Ralegh, a large
and different branch to that borne by the effigy ; and whether
due to another and later alliance with the Raleghs is a
question beyond the scope of the present paper. With
regard to his first point, it is sufficient to observe that
negative evidence is always unsatisfactory.
According to Pole (475), the arms borne by the Chichesters
prior to the Ralegh marriage in 1385 were, " Argent, on a
canton sable, a standing cup argent " ; and, as depicted in
Stow's Survey of London (1633), 555, these arms were borne
by John Chichester, goldsmith, who was mayor in 1369.
Edmondson records them as " Ar. on a canton sa. a standing
cup covered of the field." 7 In the History of the Chichester
8 Trans. E.D.A.S., vi. 50. • Quoted from T. Jenyns* MS. of 1607.
7 Body of Heraldry (1780) ; and this is repeated in W. Berry's Eney.
Herald.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RALBGHANA. 465
Family (1871), they are stated to have been formerly,
" Ermine a canton sable," the ermine being suggested to be
traceable to " a descent from the Dukes of Britanny, who
bore a plain shield ermine." Sir W. R. Drake doubts the
correctness of these various authorities ; at the same time he
makes no claim for the effigy to be considered a Chichester
one, nor does he dispute the arms borne on its shield to
have belonged to the Raleghs. So that his object in
questioning the adoption by the former member of the
family of the arms belonging to the latter, especially as
he became the possessor of the Ealegh property at the same
time, is not very apparent.
There is neither evidence nor tradition of the Chichesters
— with one exception — having had a footing in Devonshire
until the marriage in or about the year 1385, when Sir
J. Chichester added de Ralegh to his name. The exception
is Bishop Chichester, who occupied the Exeter See from
1138 to 1155, who, however, is declared by Sir A. P. B.
Chichester not to have belonged to that family at all,
but to the Cirencesters of Poole, the similarity of the
name (Cicester) having, in his opinion, led to the mistake.8
These critical remarks of Drake, all of a negative
character, fail to shake the testimony of Pole, as to the
effigy, and the arms it originally bore, having been erected
to the memory of a member of the widely distributed
Ralegh family. In confirmation of the latter writer,
respecting the coat of arms, etc., the following may be
adduced: In a list of "The Armes of such Nobles and
Gentlemen which have anciently dwelled and had lands
in Devonshire," Pole includes, "Sr Will'm Ralegh, of
Ralegh; Checque Or and Gules, a chief verry" (451); and
in his list of descents of this section of the family, he
records, " Will*m, Thomas, and John Ralegh, w** had issue
Thomasine, wief unto John Chichester" (403). Thomas,
the father of John, is apparently the one entered in The
Note-book of T. Risdon (1608-28) as "Thomas Ralegh,
of Ralegh ; Chequy or and gules, a chief vair," one of the
"Knightes possessed of Landes in Devonshire during the
raigne of King Edward III."9 John, the father of
Thomasine, was probably the one who, in 1347, raided
the manor of Tawton.1
8 Hist, Chich. Fam,, 1-7. • Ed. Dallas and Porter, 1896-8.
1 W. Cotton, 6. In Bishop Stapeldons Register (ed. Hingrston-
Randolph), 243, is recorded Thomas, a minor, "filii ei heredis Willelmi
de Aaleghe, nuper Domini de RalegJie.'
VOL. XXXIV. 2 G
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466 KALEGHANA.
A remarkable and misleading account by Dr. Oliver,
bearing on the date of the sculptured memorial, cannot
be passed over, as it has been quoted as an authority by
several writers.2
"Adjoining [the effigy No. II.] is another monument of a gallant
knight of the Ralegh family (whose arms have been adopted
by the Chichesters, viz. Cheeky or and gules, a Chief vairy).
Both knights are represented as Crusaders, who either had served
or vowed to serve in the Holy Land. Sir Samuel Meyrick, on
18th October, 1847, observed, 'The recumbent, cross-legged effigies
are both of the close of the reign of Edward I., or beginning
of Edward II., in regard to costume ; the flattened coiffe of that
which is said to have borne on the shield the arms of Ralegh,
would rather bespeak the early part of Edward I., as such was
designed for a cylindrical helmet ; but both knights recline their
heads on conical ones, for which the rounded coiffe of that of
Humphry de Bohun was particularly appropriate. The sword-
guard or cross to the first figure being bent downwards on each side
gives another criterion of date as marking that of Edward I.' " •
The above paragraph does not appear, nor is the subject
directly or indirectly alluded to by Sir S. Meyrick in his
well-known works on Ancient Armour. So that probably
the information was sent in reply to an inquiry made
by Dr. Oliver. As the former certainly could not have
examined the sculptures, but had to rely on the description
sent him being trustworthy, the foregoing extract shows
he must have been greatly puzzled in expressing his opinion
upon it.
So far from the Ralegh figure (No. I.) having a "flattened
coiffe," it is even more rounded than that of its neighbour
(No. II.), as the description given in the early part of this
paper will prove. If the illustration of No. I. be compared
with that of No. IV. a considerable difference is at once
perceptible.4 The latter was "designed for a cylindrical
helmet," and the former for a conical one ; in fact, of the
kind on which the head of the effigy reclines. The two
kinds were in use respectively at widely different dates,
No. IV. being referable to the early part of the reign of
Edward I. and No. I. to the latter part of Edward I., or
early in that of Edward II. As remarked by Mr. Hewitt,
"The continuous coif was in the early part of the [thirteenth]
century nearly flat at the top; in the second half the
round-topped coif was more usual " (i. 235).
9 Vide Hist. Chick. Fam.t 17 ; W. Cotton, 6.
* Bps. Ex., 204. 4 Vide the accompanying illustrations.
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RALEGHANA. 467
From the tenor of the foregoing remarks it is evident
that the sculpture was placed in the cathedral as a
memorial of one of the Kaleghs, and dates from the latter
part of the thirteenth or very early in the fourteenth
century; and the next point of our inquiry relates to
the individual for whom it was intended. The author of
the History of the Chichester Family attempts to cut the
Gordian knot in the following manner : —
" This effigy is now known to represent Sir Walter de Raleigh,
a famous warrior, married to a daughter of the powerful Gilbert
de Urufraville, by his wife Matilda, Countess of Angus. The
arms on his shield were assumed by the Chichesters about one
hundred years after the time of his death, by virtue of the
marriage with his great-great-granddaughter, Thomasine Raleigh " ;
adding on another page, " The monument ... is referable to this
reign', (Hen. III., 1216-72).*
Unfortunately no reference to any authority is stated,
nor as far as can be ascertained has the assertion been
corroborated, or even been mentioned by any other writer.
Undoubtedly Mr. W. Cotton in his Gleanings from the
Municipal, etc., Records, published in 1877, was the first
writer to point out that the effigy represented Sir Henry
de Ralegh, who died in 1301, concerning whose burial there
was such unseemly contention between the Dominicans and
the Dean and Chapter. His words are, "I identify him
as Sir Henry Ralegh of Ralegh, and his monument appears
in the cathedral as the result of a peculiar and exceptional
circumstance." 6
2. THE BURIAL OF THE BODY OF SIR H. DE RALEGH.
Coming to the second part of this paper, we have to relate
the remarkable and protracted proceedings attending the
funeral and interment of the body of Sir Henry de Ralegh,
Knight, in the year 1301, which occasioned a very bitter
quarrel between the Dean and Chapter of Exeter Cathedral
on the one part and the Dominican Friars, whose convent
occupied a portion of the site of the present Bedford
Circus, on the other part ; a quarrel that, with increasing
5 17. The same author identifies a monumental figure in Arlington Church,
as intended for this lady, of which he gives an illustration (21, 22) ; hut
Mr. Rogers regards the costume as belonging to a different period {Trans.
JZ.D.A.S., iii., n.s. (1878), 489).
6 7. Mr. Cotton makes one curious error in the account of the arms
blazoned on the shield of the effigy as described by Pole, in recording
instead the arms borne by the StreteRalegh branch of the family (5).
2 g 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
468 RALEGHANA.
animosity, was continued for the next five years. Although
the story of the whole of the circumstances is a somewhat
involved one and of considerable length, it is replete with
local and general interest, and it is thought will explain
what is wanting in the history of the effigy described in
the first part of this paper.
Much contention took place from time to time between
the civic and the ecclesiastical communities, on occasions
when any of the rights and privileges claimed on either side
were asserted to be encroached upon; but it is rare to
obtain full details of a strife between the two leading
ecclesiastical fraternities, that was attended with so much
misrepresentation and scandal. As far as can now be
ascertained, the circumstances are related at length in
various documents preserved in the Chapter library and
amongst the municipal records, all of which have,
through the kindness of the authorities having the care of
them, been carefully examined, and with some collateral
evidence it is hoped that, as a result, the following questions
may be answered proximately or actually : —
1. Does the effigy No. I. represent the Sir Henry de
Kalegh referred to in these documents ?
2. Can this Sir Henry be identified individually, as well
as to which branch of the family he belonged ?
3. Is the effigy a cenotaph, or is it a memorial over the
place of burial ?
Down to the publication of Mr. Cotton's work in 1877,
the only printed references to these proceedings appeared
in Izacke's Memorials of Exeter (1677); in Dr. Oliver's
Monast. Dio. Ex. (1846); and in a letter of Archbishop
Winchelsey in Wilkins' Concilia (1737) ; all of which will bid
noticed presently.
The earliest MS. document relating to this subject is thus
described in the catalogue of the Chapter library : —
"No. 2127. a.d. 1301. 16 KaL Marcii.
" Notarial Instrument setting forth the settlement of the dis-
pute between the Friars Preachers of Exeter, and the Dean and
Chapter, concerning the funeral of Sir Henry de Ralegh, knight,
and the custom of bringing all bodies into the Cathedral to the
Mass, before they were buried elsewhere."
This document is missing from the library, a circumstance
greatly to be regretted, as most probably it contained full
details of the origin of the dispute. Viewed by the light
of later events, it was scarcely correct to be termed a
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RALEGHANA. 469
" settlement," as the affair remained unsettled for the next
few years. Mr. Cotton gives (7-9) what at first sight
appears to be a short abstract of its contents ; but on com-
paring it with the record of the inquisition before the
mayor, in September of the same year — described in a
subsequent page — it is evidently a r&um6 of the charges
brought on that occasion against the Dean and Chapter by
the friars.
The matter was not suffered to remain quiescent for any
extended period, as shown by the contents of the next deed
in succession, preserved among the municipal records, and
thus catalogued : —
"No. 67. Press D.D. 4. 29-30 Edward I.
"A roll containing articles of controversy between the Dean
and Chapter of Exeter and the Friars Preachers of Exeter
respecting the right of burial in the Church of the Friars, and
the contention with respect to the bodies of Sir Henry de Ralegh
and Henry de la Pomeray.,,
This consists of two distinct portions, of which the first
contains certain charges made by the Dean and Chapter
against the friars ; and the second the replies of the latter
to them.
The Dean and Chapter commence by stating that, not-
withstanding the numerous good offices of the prelates and
Presidents of the Church generally to the friars, from the
time of the latter being founded by them, who promised in
no manner to prejudice the liberties of the former, yet, not
without the vice of notable ingratitude (" non absque vicio
notabilis ingratitudinis ") against the Exeter Church, and
also against parish churches and their rectors in the diocese,
they (the friars) have committed the following acts (now
given in abstract).
They accuse the friars of having violently, injuriously,
with their own hands, and not without the crime of
sacrilege, carried away ("violenter et injuriose non absque
crimine sacrilegii, manibus propriis asportarunt ") the body
of Sir Henry de la Pomeray, with the leathern and silken
clothing, and offerings, from the choir of the cathedral,
against the desire and manifest prohibition of the Dean and
Chapter, and entombed it in their own church (i.e. of the
convent.) 7
7 It is noteworthy that while the friars are accused of stealing a body from
the cathedral, they complain of a similar act on the part of the authorities
of the latter.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
470 BALKGHANA.
They complain of being defamed by certain of the friars,
who had falsely and maliciously (" falso et maliciose ") im-
puted to them the crime of sacrilege, theft, pillage, and
breaking into their church, of laying violent hands on some
of the brothers, and of having with violence carried away
the body of Sir Henry de Ealegh. They affirm that from
time immemorial, and also by especial agreement with the
friars, they possessed the right to have all bodies (excepting
of those belonging to the convent) requiring burial in the
church of the latter, to be conveyed, with the wax and
other things, to the cathedral, where the first Mass was to
be said. Also that the friars had the body removed to their
church for interment, against, it is said, the desire of the
executors and friends (" ut dicebatur, sepulture tradendum,
contra voluntatem executorum et amicorum ejusdem ") ; and
subsequently impeded the removal of Sir Henry's body to
the cathedral, and detained the wax and other ornaments
prepared for it, thus despoiling the cathedral church of its
rights.
That the friars unlawfully induced Sir Henry, then being
alive, to be buried at his death in their church, although
such choice of burial is of no force nevertheless, yet they
would not desire to change the place of interment selected
by him. But even supposing the said Sir Henry chose to
be buried by the friars, which is not believed (" quod non
creditor"), they had no right to detain the fourth part of
the goods of the deceased, which ought to be delivered to
the parish in which he had lived.
That some of the friars (especially Adam Haym and
Johannes de Toritone) had, even in taverns ("eciam in
tabernis "), been publicly and daily defaming two of the
canons, asserting they were under sentence of the greater
excommunication, for their part in the proceedings attending
the funeral and burial of Sir Henry de Ealegh, and, further,
threatening them with loss of their goods, and also with
death or torture.
They conclude by bringing a special charge against Hame-
linus, one of the friars, for having performed divine service
in a chapel at Tawstock, knowing it was under an interdict,
and that many of the parishioners were under sentence of
the greater excommunication, to all of which the friar could
not plead ignorance ; and that he induced others to follow
his example.
In their reply to these charges, the friars, through the
prior provincial, state they are unaware of having made
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EALBGHANA. 471
any agreement such as is referred to and claimed by the
Chapter. They express great surprise at the remarks con-
cerning the burial of the body of Sir H. de la Pomeray,
which took place twenty years ago, from which time they
had been on friendly terms with the canons, and no such
charge had previously been made against them respecting
it. Moreover, they deny the body to have been removed
violently or injuriously.
They absolutely deny the claim set up by the Chapter —
for the first Mass to be said on bodies destined to be interred
in the convent chapel — as a recognised custom, as, if such
ever existed, it had been revoked by papal order. That
from the time of their arrival in Exeter they have always
withstood such custom as an interference with their
privileges, and as examples cite those of William Cofyn
and others, whose bodies were brought to the city by the
friars themselves, and were buried by them. Moreover, the
circumstance of Sir Henry having resided in their house as
a servant and co-brother ("familiaris et confrater") and
died there, would abrogate the right to any such custom, to
which they make the singular admission that no other case
of the kind had occurred since their residence in Exeter.
They declare that he remained with them of his own free
will, that no unlawful inducement was held out to him to
do so, and that it was his own expressed wish to be buried
among them.
They deny detaining anything (an evident allusion to the
wax, etc.) but what was their own, and complain of being
despoiled by the canons in causing the body to be removed.
These are the main points included in the document, and
the only one of interest that requires to be noticed here, is
that which relates to the case of Sir Henry de la Pomeray.
According to a deed of July 22, 1275, printed at length in
Bishop Broneacombefs Register^ he had incurred the sentence
of the greater excommunication for having, with his servants
and others, trespassed in the bishop's park at Paignton
(Peyn tone), and killed certain wild animals (" feras bestias").
He made his submission to the bishop, and on his promising
to restock the park with a competent number of animals,
the excommunication was removed, with the proviso of its
reinfliction and a penalty of a hundred marks be enforced
for any repetition of the offence. The deed shows that the
act complained of was not the first which had been com-
8 Hingebton-Randolph, 229, 280. In the text the year 1265 is noted, but
in a footnote the editor shows this to be " an obvious clerical error " for 1275.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
472 RALEGHANA.
mitted by the same offender, and probably the grant of
certain Devon churches made by him to the same bishop in
1267 9 was to make amends for a like occurrence. From
1275 to the year of his death, 1280, he appears to have
lived on good terms with the ecclesiastical authorities, and
his remains, after the squabble alluded to, were interred in
the convent chapel.
The foregoing deed of crimination and recrimination
apparently constituted a portion of the pleadings or state-
ments of their respective cases, which formed the subject of
inquiry at the Mayor's Court in September, 1301, when the
capitular body was indicted by the friars for robbery and
violence. Of this a record is preserved in the municipal
archives,1 and is headed (translation) "Inquisition taken
before William de Gatepathe, then Mayor of Exeter, on
Saturday, being the morrow of Saint Michael, in the twenty-
ninth year of the reign of King Edward" In it the friars*
preachers state that certain malefactors and disturbers of
the peace ("quidam malefactores, ignoti et pads pertur-
batores ") broke open a certain door (of the convent) and
forcibly carried away the body of Sir Henry de Ralegh,
Knight, together with other of their goods to the value of
forty pounds, and violated a certain privilege of theirs
(" quoddam privilegium ipsorum f ratrum f regerunt "). All
of which they ask to be fully inquired into by the oath of
Roger Benyns and other (jurors), who (after inquiry) say
that no one has inflicted such injury as the friars state ;
that it has always been the custom, confirmed by mutual
agreement of the two parties, for any layman who has died
and by his last wish (" in ultimate voluntate ") has desired
to be buried by the friars, for the body to be conveyed to
the cathedral, where " ipso corpore presente," Mass might be
solemnly said for the soul of the deceased And whereas
the body of Sir H. de Ralegh, Knight, a layman, and having
a wife (" secularis, et habentis uxorem "), was in the church
of the friars, in the custody of the executors of the deceased,
two of the cathedral canons, at the desire of the executors
and friends of the deceased, not violently, but amicably
(" non vi et armis set amicabiliter "), requested the friars to
permit the body, before burial, to be taken to the cathedral
according to custom and agreement, forbidding the friars to
inter it until this had been done. On the friars' refusal,
the canons withdrew, and the executors and friends removed
9 Vide Oliver, Monast. Bio. Ex., 21 A. 8.: and Bps. Ex., 421.
1 Mayor's Court Boll, 29-30 Edward I., Boll j.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RALEGHANA. 473
the body, with a pall commonly called a " baudekyn," and a
bier belonging to the friars, to the cathedral, not forcibly
nor against the king's peace, but for the honour of the body
and for the observance of the said custom and agreement
(" non vi et armis nee contra paoem regiam, set pro honore
corporis, et pro dictis consuetidine et convencione obser-
vances"). After Mass was celebrated, the body, with the
pall and bier, were peaceably carried back to the convent
doors, but the friars, having closed them and keeping them
closed, refused to admit the body, whereupon the executors,
etc., carried it back to the cathedral, and after keeping it
for a day and a night, and the friars still refusing to receive
it, they caused it to be buried in the cathedral, as it could
not be left longer unburied owing to the stench (" fetore ").
On the refusal of the friars to take back the pall and bier,
they deposited the former in the custody of the civic
authorities for delivery to the friars, and the bier they
placed in front of the convent doors.
The Mayor's Roll containing the particulars of this
transaction was evidently examined with great care by
Mr. Cotton, as he gives an extended account of them.2 A
precis of this Roll forms a paragraph in the Memorabilia
of Izacke,8 who, as town clerk, had uninterrupted access
to the municipal MSS., of which he availed himself largely
in the compilation of his work. A similar account is given
by Dr. Oliver,4 and although he commences, " It is stated
by Hoker," there can be little doubt he drew his informa-
tion from the pages of Izacke. Moreover, in 1846, when
his magnum opus was published, the Ralegh episode (so
fully entered into in the Chapter and municipal MSS.)
could not have been brought under his notice, other-
wise he would assuredly have utilised such information.
Hoker's MSS. volumes have been examined without finding
any reference to this matter.
The body of Sir Henry remained undisturbed in the
cathedral, and two years elapsed before the subject was
again reopened. This took place in a letter from Robert
Winchelsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, dated March 28th,
1303,6 showing that the friars, undeterred by the adverse
verdict of the Mayor's Court, had tried another mode of
attacking their adversaries. The tenor of this letter is
displayed in its heading : —
a 9, 10 ; and quoted by Rogers, Sepulchral Effigies, 338.
8 ii. 31. 4 Monast. Dio. Ex., 335.
* Printed at length in Wilkin a' Concilia, ii. 277.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
474 RALBGHANA.
"Mandate of the Archbishop of Canterbury to the Prior of
the preaching brothers, to warn the Prior of Exeter not to pro-
ceed in the matter of annulling the election of Master H. de
Somerset to the deanery of Exeter."
After alluding to the strife between the two ecclesiastical
communities respecting the interment of a certain person
("super cujusdam funeris sepultura" — name omitted), he
goes on to say, the deanery being vacant, the prior and
convent appealed to the Pope, that the Chapter should not
proceed to the election of a dean, under pain of sentence
of the greater excommunication against the Chapter who
elected him. On that pretence they endeavoured to annul
the election afterwards made of the discreet man ("de
discreto viro ") Master H. de Somerset to that office, " that
so he (the prior) may obtain revenge for the opposition to
the aforesaid burial of malice aforethought, or, at all events,
attain his wish regardless of right or wrong in the said
discord" ("ut sic ultionem pro resistentia sepultune prae-
dictae ex preeconcepto rancore animi prosequatur "). After
commenting on these proceedings as " matters of evil pre-
cedent," he directs the prior to " cause the matter and root
of such scandal to be extirpated with all speed."
The archbishop was usually considered to be somewhat
weak and vacillating, but in this instance he was firm
enough, in unhesitatingly condemning the scandalous action
of the Dominicans, which would have been bad enough had
the actors been ordinary laymen, but belonging as they did
to a religious fraternity, who endeavouied to attain their
object by hurling anathemas at another religious com-
munity who opposed them, was terribly disgraceful.
Andrew de Kilkenny, Dean of Exeter, died on November
4th, 1302, and Henry de Somerset was elected to the
vacancy on the Thursday after the Epiphany (January),
1302-3, nearly three months prior to the date of the
mandate of the archbishop, which may have been issued
owing to instructions from Eome. This mandate is
grievously perverted by Dr. Oliver, for while owning that
"the bad spirit evinced by the prior and convent called
for" the interference of the archbishop, he affirms the
friars' appeal to the Pope related to the irregularities
attending the funeral of Sir Henry, and that it was
"during such appeal the dean died."6 But the terms of
• Monati. ZHo. Bx.t 885. Aocording to Wilkins* work, the letter was
dated from " Stebenheath " (Stepney), whereas the Doctor has erroneously
recorded it as " Lambeth."
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RALEGHANA. 475
the archbishop's communication, both in the heading and
the text, show plainly that the election had already taken
place before the friars made their appeal, and that their
motive for attempting to annul it was a scandalum magna-
turn, with which the question of Sir Henry's funeral held
a minor place. Mr. Cotton states, " from this verdict " of
1301 "the friars appealed to the Pope" (10), but a full
year had elapsed between the verdict and the appeal ; and,
as pointed out in the foregoing remarks, the latter had
little to do with the original dispute, except as a basis for
the friars' animosity.
Most probably on account of the archbishop's inter-
vention, although not until after six months had intervened,
further proceedings took place, as related in a MS. dated
September 28th, 1303, No. 2,131, in the Chapter library,
and bearing the following endorsement : —
"Concerning the controversy between the Dean and Chapter
of Exeter and the Prior and Brothers of the Order of the Preach-
ing Friars of Exeter."
It records that the " contention and controversy," between
the cathedral authorities and the preaching friars, over
the burial of Sir Henry Ealegh's body in the cathedral,
with other "matters of contention," formed the subject
of inquiry before Thomas Bytton, Bishop of Exeter, aided
by Sir Hervisius (Harvey) de Stauntone, Justiciary of the
King, and William de Puntingtone, Archdeacon of Totnes ;
there being also present the prior and three others of the
friars, and Walter de Stapeldone, canon (afterwards Bishop
of Exeter), when it was decided thus: the Dean and
Chapter assented ("placet") to restore the body to the
friars, when it may please both parties to exhume it (the
place of reinterment is not mentioned), on the condition
that if neither side be willing to carry this into effect, the
Dean and Chapter are to restore to the friars certain
"houses with their appurtenances," gained by the former
" per defaltam," in a suit in the Mayor's Court of Exeter.
And as these houses were charged with a rent of eight
shillings annually, to be paid to the Dean and Chapter, on
the anniversary of a certain cathedral canon, the bishop,
with the desire to bring matters to a conclusion, offered
to guarantee this amount being paid out of his own pro-
perty, and Sir H. de Stauntone promised to procure from
the king a charter of transfer of the property. All other
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
476 RALEGHANA.
points of difference were to terminate, "especially of the
renunciation of the appeal by the said Friars against the
election and confirmation of Master Henry de Somersete
Dean of the said place, and from them referred to the
Apostolic See"; such renunciation to be published abroad
by each party. Finally all other trespasses and injuries on
either side to be wholly forgiven.
A careful examination of this particular document would
have prevented some curious errors and misconceptions
from being recorded by writers.
In the Chapter Library Catalogue, it is termed an " agree-
ment between" the two parties, that the friars may
"remove the body." But it was in reality a conditimval
agreement, which neither side was willing to, or did, carry
out. And if the body had been exhumed there was no
allusion to or provision for its reinterment anywhere.
Eight years after the publication of his Monast. Dio. Ec.9
Dr. Oliver issued a supplement to it (1854), from which this
extract is taken : —
"On Sept. 28, 1303, an amicable agreement was concluded
by the Dean and Chapter's consent, for the removal of Sir Henry
Ralegh's remains to the conventual church, on the friars con-
veying certain premises to them in virtue of the king's writ,
without further vexation" (A S. 31).
Mr. Cotton goes a step further, and affirms that in
1301—
" the body lay buried in the Cathedral, until about two years
afterwards a compromise was effected and it was restored to the
Conventual Church, and there found a final resting place ... it
is not unlikely that a similar effigy to that in the Cathedral was
therein erected to the memory of Sir Henry Ralegh." 7
So far from the friars being required to convey certain
premises to the Dean and Chapter, it was exactly the
reverse. With respect to the conventual church, it is
unmentioned in the document, and it is certain that the
body was never moved there;8 nor is there a tittle of
evidence that it was ever exhumed from the place where
1 10 ; and Rogers* Sep. Eff.> 383.
8 Dr. Oliver (in a letter signed "Curiosus," published in an Exeter paper
of March 15, 1852) asserted that many persons of distinction were buried in
the conventual chapel, among whom were members of the Ralegh family.
This he repeated in his History of Exeter, in 1821 (175), but m none of
his other works {vide Cotton's Gleanings, 10). There is no present reason
to believe this to be correct.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
RALBGHANA. 477
it was originally buried in the cathedral, and this is proved
by the next and last document to be quoted, and which
is preserved in the Chapter library.
It helps to correct several recorded errors of various
writers on the subject, and shows that, so far from a
compromise or a settlement having been effected in the
year 1303, the quarrel dragged on until the beginning of
1306 (n.8.), when a more determined and apparently
successful attempt was made to bring it to a conclusion.
It is thus entered in the catalogue : —
"No. 2915, a.d. 1305. Proceedings in a dispute between the
Dean and Chapter of Exeter and the Friars Preachers of Exeter
respecting the rights of sepulture and the burial of the body of
Sir Henry Ralegh. "
The Roll is a long one, and the first portion, which
probably relates solely to the "rights of sepulture," is
not easily deciphered ; but the second, complete in itself,
and the most important for our present inquiry, has this
(modern) endorsement : —
"The cause between the Dean and Chapter and the Friars
Preachers of the City of Exeter as to the burial of Henry Ralegh,
Knight. (a.d. 1305.)"
It is termed a " public instrument," and is headed, " In
nomini Christi Amen"; it recites that in the year 1305,
in "the fourth Indiction, the eighth Kalends of April,
and the first year of the Pontificate" of Clement V.,* it
was publicly read in the Chapter House, in presence of
the Dean and Chapter, of the Notary Public, Walter Roberts,
and, "specially called and asked" as witnesses, of Sir
Robert, Rector of the Church of Cleyhangre, and Geoffrey
de Gatepathe. The document (" paten tes litere") is certified
to have the seals of the prior and of the convent attached
to it, and to contain " word for word as follows " : —
"In the name of God Amen. It is made known to all by
these presents, that whereas, there has been of late dispute
between the discreet men, the Lord Dean and the Chapter of
9 The date 1305 is certainly wrong. The agreement was signed on the
Ides of February, 1305, that is on February 13, 1305-6, o.s. ; and it was
publicly read on the fourth Indiction, and eighth Kalends of April, which
could not have been in 1805 as stated in the document, and is an evident
error. This is further proved by the circumstance that the latter records
it as being signed in the first year of the pontificate of Clement V., who was
elected on June 5, 1305.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
478 RALEGHANA.
Exeter; Master Walter de Stapeldone, the Precentor; John de
Upavene the Sub-Dean, of the church of Exeter, and the rest
of the aforesaid Chapter, on the one part; and the Religious
men, the Prior and Convent of the Friars Preachers of Exeter,
on the other part. The dispute on the occasion of the burial of
Sir Henry de Raleghe, Knight, deceased, and also of certain
spoliations, sacrileges, violences, and divers other injuries and
discords which arose therefrom, are now settled in this manner,
namely, that the aforesaid Prior and Convent of the Friars
Preachers of Exeter, on the one part, and the aforesaid Dean
and Chapter on the other part, and every one of either party, that
all spoliations, sacrileges, violences, and also all other injuries,
whatsoever, by them jointly or separately that have been sus-
tained before the day of the making of these presents, and whereof
any persons, places of College or Order, of either the aforesaid
party, whosoever and what manner soever and of what kind
soever, caused or inflicted, if there are such, and also all damages
and expenses between them, if there were any, by whom and
whosoever, by the aforesaid occurrences or any of them, are for
the sake of peace, purely, freely, and absolutely and altogether
given up and remitted forever by these presents. And never-
theless, the aforesaid parties have promised in good faith, that
upon all and singular the aforesaid things, and for all time, and
as much as it is in them, they are to be held harmless in these
matters; renouncing upon these matters, each and all the said
parties, that henceforth all and singular actions, petitions, sup-
plications and impeachments, as well in the Roman Court as
else where, upon whatever facts and doings, appeals, interpositions,
and impendings, lawsuits, and processes, by reason of the afore-
said premises or any of them, heretofore had or hereafter to be
had . . . restitution in the entire matter, also in all other things
of right and remedies of fact, which against the premises or of any
of them can possibly arise in any manner. Moreover, it has
the assent ("placet") of the said Dean and Chapter of Exeter
that the body of the said Knight, which had received burial
in the Church of Exeter, at the solicitation of Sir Roger de
Nonaunt, Knight,1 and Dame Johanna, late wife of the said
Sir Henry, and of the other Friends of the said deceased, that
for the aforesaid sake of peace, if the said Roger and Johanna,
together with the noble Lord Hugh de Courtenay, or any of
them, out of any special devotion or affection shall wish to have
the bones of the said body, which is now decayed, it is thought,
transferred to another place and shall request this; at their
petition, in the name of God, the aforesaid bones shall be freely
and graciously granted to them, to be transferred to another
1 The name of Sir Roger de Novant is recorded in several entries, 1284-
1816, in Feudal Aids; vide also Brooking-Rowe's Perambulation of
Dartmoor (1896), 471.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
BALEGHANA. 479
place, where they shall believe it to be more for the welfare of
the soul of the said deceased ; so that nevertheless the aforesaid
bones shall be carried to the church of St. Pancras, no Friar
Preacher accompanying them, until they shall arrive outside
of the close of the burial ground of the church of the Blessed
Peter ; in which aforesaid ctiurch, namely of the Blessed Pancras,
a Mass shall be celebrated for the deceased, and the said Execu-
tors, without any hindrance of the said Dean and Chapter of
Exeter, shall freely carry away the aforesaid bones to the place
where they are to be committed to permanent burial. In
testimony of which the said Dean and Chapter on the one part,
and the said Prior and Convent of the said Friars Preachers on
the other part, to this writing cut in the manner of Chirograph,
have alternately placed their seals. Given at Exeter aforesaid
on the Ides of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand
three hundred and five."
This arrangement was " exhibited, inspected, and publicly
read or recited, and the circumstances being fully under-
stood," Walter Eoberts, " of Lyvxrenchard, in the diocese of
Exeter, by the authority of the Holy Eoman Empire,
Notary Public," was authorised to make a correct tran-
script; and this was collated and examined by Richard
Bloyon, "of Lyvtrenchard ... by the authority of the
Holy Eoman Empire, Notary Public," and by John Sturmy,
chaplain, and John de More, clerks, and so certified by each
notary as being correct.
Had the suggested transference of the body from the
cathedral to another place been carried into effect, owing
to the notoriety of the proceedings, some notice or tradition
would have been preserved in the annals of the cathedral,
among the municipal records, or in the history of St.
Pancras Church ; but all these authorities are silent on the
subject, and we may conclude that, after the mutual agree-
ment of 1306, the Dominicans ceased from troubling, and
the knight's remains were left undisturbed in the place
where they had been first deposited.
The following is a brief summary of these events. The
knight may have died within the convent precincts, and
expressed a wish to be buried there, of which there is no
evidence, and the capitular body did not believe. Mr.
Cotton affirms that Sir Henry " in his last will " directed
his remains to be interred in the convent chapel (8). And
the Eev. H. Beynolds* states such to have been his direc-
tion, in "his last will and testament." Had he done so,
2 Hist, of the Anc. Dioc. of Exeter (1895), p. 163.
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480 RALEGHANA.
the friars would assuredly have mentioned it ; nor do they
allude to the wife, which they would have done had she
been a consenting party. The custom of having the body
of anyone who died in the convent removed to the
Cathedral for the first Mass, although denied by the friars,
was asserted by the Chapter and confirmed by the jurors
in 1301. The latter also disproved the charge of any force
or violence having been exercised during the removal, which
was not done by the capitular body, but by the wife and
executors, at whose desire the remains were interred in the
cathedral, and continued there undisturbed, despite the
repeated malicious attempts of the friars to dislodge them.
All the various sections of the Ealegh family had distinct
coats-of-arms. Those borne by the effigy No. I., as seen and
recorded by Pole, were in all probability those of the main
trunk of the Ealeghs, and which more than eighty years
later were transferred to the Chichesters, by marriage in
1385. The identity of this effigy with the Sir Henry de
Ealegh, whose burial has formed such a prominent object
in this paper, was first asserted by Mr. Cotton, and with
every probability of its correctness. Excepting the doubt-
ful instance noted by Sir A. B. Chichester, there is no
record, or even tradition, of any other Ealegh having been
interred in the cathedral ; and the period of his death fully
accords with that of the armour and costume of the effigy.
In this view, the latter therefore is not a cenotaph, but
covers the actual site of the burial, and should chance or
design ever require the ground to be opened in its vicinity,
it is not unlikely for a discovery to take place similar
to that which occurred in 1813, as thus recorded by
Britton : —
"In digging the grave of Miss Lygon, daughter of Lord
Beauchamp, of Powick, who died at Sidmouth in October, 1813,
and was buried close to the above monument (Sir R S tape 1 don,
effigy No. III.), the side of Sir Richard's grave fell in, and his
entire skeleton was discovered ; every part was perfect ; from the
remains found it appeared that the corpse had been enfolded in
a bull's hide."3
Excepting in the case of prominent actors in the stirring
events of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, but little
is known of the histories of individual knights, and save
that which has already been related, the personal history of
Sir H. de Ealegh is unknown. As he seems to have resided
* Hist, of Exeter Cathedral (1826), 135.
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RALEGHANA. 481
in Exeter, he is probably the one referred to in " the Will
of Eosemunda Kymming, Wife of John Smurch," dated
November 25th, 1295, wherein, among other properties
bequeathed to Bartholomew de Deneford, in the city of
Exeter, was a certain house, described as "tenementum
situm est inter tenementum Domini Henrici de Raleghe et
Domine Johanne de Bonevyle et tenementum Johannis de
Tresympel."4 No Visitation of Devonshire mentions a
Kalegh whose wife was named Johanna.
In conclusion, the writei hopes that his attempt to relate
a chapter in the early ecclesiastical history of Exeter, and
of its connection with the Ealegh family, which hitherto
had only been imperfectly narrated, together with the
attempted identity of the cathedral effigy, may prove of
sufficient interest to the members of the Devonshire
Association.
4 Bp. By item's Beg,, ed. Hingeston-Randolph, 433, 434.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 H
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STAET POINT TO PETITOE, AND THE DEIFTING
OF SHINGLE.
BY ARTHUR R. HUNT, M.A., P.L.8., F.G.8.
(Read at Bkleford, July, 1902.)
My friend Mr. W. H. Wheeler, in his recent work The Sea
Coast (1902), observes that his "description of the coast
between Dartmouth and Torquay is principally taken from
a paper on 'The Action of Waves on Sea Beaches,1 read
by Mr. A. H. Hunt before the Torquay Natural History
Society in January, 1893." l
Mr. Wheeler and myself occasionally fail to see eye to eye
in the matter of tides and beaches, but there was no need
for me to enter the lists against him until the appearance of
the above reference to my work. And then only because
Mr. Wheeler, after citing my facts, proceeds: "The drift
thus follows the direction of the flood tide," etc., etc. I
should be sorry to appear to support this theory, as it runs
counter to all my own conclusions in the neighbourhood
referred to, and, as a matter of fact, would convert all my
papers on the subject into waste paper.
The paper referred to by Mr. Wheeler was a lecture
delivered to the Torquay Natural History Society, with a
somewhat unusual motive, viz. not so much to instruct as
to impress my audience with the extraordinary conflict of
evidence which obscures the study of waves and beaches.
Its title was, however, "The Action of Waves on Sea
Beaches and Sea Bottoms," not alone sea beaches, nor those
necessarily local ones. Incidentally to my subject I sketched
from memory the beaches from the Start to Petitor, beaches
which, for the most part, I knew well, but the description
was but a sketch and not a finished study. The description,
1 By A. R. Hunt, in 1883 ; printed in 1887.
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STABT POINT TO PETITOR. 483
moreover, counted on much local knowledge in my local
audience. For this reason it unfortunately misled Mr.
Wheeler in at least one important particular.
After a lapse of nearly five years I thought the lecture,
which contained much new matter, might be committed to
print, and in 1887 it was printed in the Torquay Directory,
at which time I secured fifty reprints for private distribu-
tion. It may therefore be deemed printed, but not pub-
lished. Hence the importance of correcting any miscon-
ceptions to which it may have given rise.
Mr. Wheeler tells us that in the embayment between
Start Point and Dartmouth the cliffs are composed princi-
pally of metamorphic rocks, and that "the beach material
diminishes in size from pebbles at Hall Sands to fine sand
at Blackpool Cove."2 It may be noted that the metamorphic
rocks end at Hall Sands, the rest of the bay being Devonian
slates, grits, and greenstones. I was puzzled to guess how
Mr. Wheeler made the sands at Blackpool fine, seeing they
are often used to gravel garden walks. I doubt not the
following passage in my lecture may explain this: viz., "The
point that more particularly calls for our notice is that the
stones occur at the western end of the series of beaches
and the finer sand at the eastern." Finer, no doubt, but
very coarse at that. The " finer " is in contradistinction to
the " stones " at the eastern end. I fully admit and regret
the ambiguity of the expression.
But Mr. Wheeler is explicit ; he says : —
"In Blackpool Bay, the beach of which consists of fine sand
. . . During a gale in 1881 the beach was denuded at the east
end to a depth of 14 feet, and the sand piled up in a mound
16 feet high at the west end."
The " mound " here is a misconception ; the reference is
obviously to a passage of mine as follows. After mention-
ing the stripping of 14 feet, I wrote : —
"According to one of the local coastguardsmen, the sand from
the eastern end had been piled up at the western end, and dis-
tributed in the little coves beyond, and we agreed that the
enhanced height where we stood at the western end, not far from
ordinary low-water mark, was at least 16 feet, but this is a guess
and a guess only."8
8 •* Submerged Forest Clays," etc., Trans. Devon. .Assoc., vol. xiii. p. 345.
2 h 2
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
484 STABT POINT TO PETITOK,
The sands were not piled up in a mound, but the general
level of the western end of the beach was raised about
16 feet, and apparently that of the smaller coves beyond
also. The accumulation of a mound would be much more ab-
normal than the mere shifting of the sand to the westward.
In his account of Torbay, Mr. Wheeler makes two rather
important slips. He writes : —
" From Fishcombe to Elbury there are several small coves . . .
pebbles above low water with large stones below, changing to fine
sand eastward."4
What I wrote was : —
"As we approach Elbury the large stones gradually give place
to fine sand, not that there is gradation as to size, but only as to
quantity. As the stones diminish in number the sand increases
in quantity."
But, approaching Elbury, we are going west, not east as
suggested by Mr. Wheeler. But the most unlucky error is
the following, viz., "In the bight [of Torbay] at Hollo-
combe, stones are more frequent, and are derived from the
quarries at Rockend and Meadfoot further to the east, the
drift being in a westerly direction."6
What I wrote was : —
"At Hollowcombe, where stones are abundant, derived at
present in great part from the excavations made in constructing
the new works of the Torquay Gas Company."
Is it possible that Mr. Wheeler assumed that the Torquay
Gas Works were at Torquay? They are at Hollowcombe
itself, and the stones, instead of travelling some two miles
from Rockend and Meadfoot, were excavated on the spot !
We are told that at Torre Abbey any drift that takes
place is to the north and east. But as Torre Abbey lies
between Rockend and Hollowcombe, this drift is incom-
patible with one from Rockend westward, which would be
from north and east. What I said was that the rolled
limestone in the bathing cove, Peaked Tor Cove, and under
Syracusa, came from Rockend and Meadfoot; but this is
quite another thing.
Mr. Wheeler's description, as follows, of Petitor Cove
puzzled me not a little ; e.g. : —
4 p. 138. • p. 134.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND THE DRIFTING OF SHINGLE. 485
"Petitor Cove, which is divided off from the main beach by
some large, isolated rocks, having a distinct beach of its own,
composed chiefly of limestone, none of the greenstone or slate
from Oddicombe travelling round the point between the two
beaches. "6
Here Mr. Wheeler clearly culls from a third paper of
mine, in which I say, " At the extreme north-eastern end [of
Oddicombe Beach] a cove is partially divided off from the
main beach by some large, isolated rocks"7 And also from the
lecture: "A few hundred yards beyond Oddicombe is the
pretty little cove of Petitor. The beach there seems quite a
home-made one, quite independent of its larger neighbour,
for, after a careful search, I had to come to the conclusion
that not a scrap of greenstone had travelled round the
point," etc., etc. Mr. Wheeler had clearly marked two
passages in different papers as describing the same beach,
and then had welded them together; but they are two
beaches, and their drift-evidence most distinct and
important.
We must now return to Mr. Wheeler's deductions from
what he assumed to be the Start-to-Torbay evidence ; e.g. : —
" From this it will be seen that the shingle travels along the
coast of the bay [Torbay] in two opposite directions, while in the
centre, where there is little or no drift, the beach is sand. The
drift thus follows the direction of the flood tide, which sets round
the horn of the bay in a north-easterly direction on the south,
and is deflected into the bay in a south-westerly direction on the
north end by the projection of Hope's Nose, the movement being
neutral in the centre." 8
According to this the flood tide would be going north-
east and south-west at the same time in the same spot.
But the best evidence to the contrary is the fact that the
Torquay sewer outfall was carried to Hope's Nose because
the flood tide sweeping out of the north side of the bay
would carry the sewerage right away to sea. The flood
tide sets eastwards from Daddy Hole, especially in moderate
easterly winds, and I mention as a surprising exception that
in November, 1882, "the seine boats shot their seines off
London Bridge [west of Daddy Hole] expecting an east-
going current, as usual in easterly winds; but that their
• p. 135.
7 •' Sea-beaches and Sea-bottoms^' Roy. Dublin Soc., 1884, p. 264.
8 p. 1*4.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
486 8TART POINT TO PETITOR,
seines were so rapidly swept to the westward that they had
to haul them in at once, end on."* This was given as an
instance of the extraordinary reversing effect of the wind
on the surface of the water. On November 13, 1882, George
dimming, a boatman, remarked "that in easterly winds
there was a continuous flood tide1 along the shore. Some-
times a 'regular current' past the pier head."* These sudden,
exceptional reversals are quite intelligible, and they are dis-
cussed in the aforesaid paper.8
We may observe that whereas Mr. Wheeler makes the
flood run east to west, the local boatmen make it run west
to east ; and that, sometimes, to the entire overpowering of
the ebb.
1 should think it probable that, on the northern side of
Torbay, the flood tide ran easterly nine hours as a rule, and
continuously as the exception. In fact, I cannot remember
much ebb tide betwixt Hope's Nose and Torquay, though
plenty of flood, when by chance becalmed. The ebb goes
down like a sluice from Hope's Nose to the south-westward.
It may perhaps not be unnecessary to remind the casual
reader that the flood and ebb have little to do with the rise
and fall of the tide along shore. I remember one notable
instance when fishing for hours on a strong spring-tide ebb
off Torbay, and weighing anchor before the ebb had done, on
my arrival at Torquay in about 1£ hours I found the tide
at about its highest. This is what sailors would call " tide
and tide," the ebb running down during the wholp, or nearly
the whole, of the rise of the water. This is a matter of the
greatest practical importance to vessels voyaging to harbours
such as Dartmouth, for when the current commences to flow
into the harbour, the ebb will be running its full strength
outside.
Indeed, before discussing the "flood tide" one would do
well first to make sure that the disputants are talking of the
same thing. Mr. Walter M. Baynes informs me that the
neaps run " tide and tide " more than the springs, the latter,
as a rule, not running more than three or four hours after
high or low water respectively.
Some few years ago I mentioned the name of a farmer's
son to an old Devonian agriculturist, who grimly replied,
41 Georgie makes more work than he dooa" That is a
misdemeanour of which I have had so profound a horror,
• Proc. Roy. Dublin Society, 1884, p. 290. 1 i.e. east-going current.
2 loc cit.t p. 289. * pp. 278, 279, 280.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND THE DRIFTING OF SHINGLE. 487
that I have risked giving offence rather than miss the
verdict of the highest attainable authority. With regard
to the theory of waves, I feel convinced it is safest to know
nothing, in which case my own position is impregnable.
Between the years 1878 and 1887 I published five papers
referring to waves, which fared as follows: "Notes on
Torbay," in our Transactions, was read in the manuscript
by Lord Eayleigh. The same mathematician communicated
my " Eipplemark " to the Royal Society. My "Skerries
Shoal" contains an important formula supplied to me by
Lord Eayleigh, and has as an appendix a letter from
Sir G. G. Stokes, who had also looked at the manuscript
of my "Influence of Wave-currents on the Fauna in-
habiting Shallow Seas." The latter paper, together with
"Sea-beaches and Sea-bottoms," 1884, and No. 3 of the
"Submarine Geology of the English Channel," I sent to
Sir George Airy, because in one of them I had discussed
his controversy with the late Mr. Scott Russell. In ac-
knowledging these three papers, Sir George Airy graciously
wrote: —
"I have glanced at them sufficiently to think them very in-
teresting, and in their special subjects most important. ... I do
not intend to put out of sight these papers, especially that on the
action of waves, etc."
I believe that Airy, Stokes, and Rayleigh were the three
greatest British authorities on waves of the latter half of
the nineteenth century, and that having taken so much
trouble to assist me, they would not have hesitated to point
out any serious blunders in my work, seeing that in the
case of Sir G. G. Stokes and Sir G. Airy I was a perfect
stranger, who craved their correction or assistance m
forma pauperis. It might be asked how I came to trouble
Sir G. G. Stokes. It had come to my knowledge that that
eminent physicist had observed some very long waves. On
my asking for information, and stating my reasons for
desiring it, Sir G. G. Stokes saw what I really wanted,
and sent me that most important calculation published in
our volume for 1887. The more I think of it the more
struck I am with the unparalleled kindness of the great
mathematician.
"Dear Sib, — I have read the paper which you were kind
enough to send me, and I think I see precisely what you want."
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
488 START POINT TO PETITOR,
I scarcely knew at the time what I really wanted, and had
I done so, should not have presumed to ask such a favour.
But there it is (vol. xix. p. 512).
I propose to review very briefly Mr. Wheeler's statements
as to the action of shore waves in order to point out where
our conclusions differ.
(1) "The tidal wave being a wave of translation, when it
encounters the obstruction caused by the shoaling of the shore is
reflected back, and a series of small oscillations or waves is set up,
which break when they reach the low water-line." *
Now a wave of translation, or transference, carries forward
a particle and leaves it there; or, as its champion Scott
Eussell said —
" The wave of translation . . . consists in a motion of transla-
tion of the whole mass of fluid from one place to another, in
which it finally reposes." 5
But the tidal wave consists of two currents, by the joint
action of which the fluid, so far from reposing, both goes and
returns.
(2) "The rise and fall of the tide ... is accompanied by
a series of small waves varying in height according to the condi-
tion of the tide- and beach, from 6 to 24 inches, which break on
the beach at the rate of ten to twenty a minute, one of the series
reaching a maximum height. These wavelets are never absent
from the shore, except when absorbed by the larger waves due to
galea"6
I have often looked for these alleged tidal wavelets, but
have never seen any that could not with confidence be
referred to recent breezes. Waves that break from ten to
twenty per minute have periods of from six to three seconds.
That is to say, their lengths are from 180 feet to 45 feet —
just the waves of strong to light summer winds. Some years
ago at a regatta in Torbay, a breeze with a wave period of
six seconds sent all the trawlers racing, and kept the yachts
in harbour.
This wave-length and wave-period is important, so I here
quote one of my letters of instruction; a letter written
with reference to some very long waves of twenty seconds
period: —
* The Sea Coast, p. 8. 8 Report Brit. Assoc., 1844, p. 317.
• TIu Sea Coast, p. 8.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND THE DRIFTING OF SHINGLE. 489
" November 2Zrd, 1900.
" My dear Hunt, — The formula is —
when t = period
and A. =■ wave length.
If you measure A. in feet and r in seconds,
S63
A = Er*
Thus if t = 20», A = ??- x 400 = 2,000 feet.
6*3
" Yours ever sincerely,
"RaYLEIGH."
It is the commonest event in summer to have a fresh
morning breeze and a flat afternoon calm, when the little
wavelets generated at sea will be found running on the
shore, whatever the state of the tide. Wavelets 24 inches
high and ten a minute are the offspring of a very smart
breeze indeed.
Referring to wind waves moving along a shoaling shore,
Mr. Wheeler says : —
(3) " The whole mass begins to change from a wave of simple
oscillation to one of translation. Finally . . . the vertical
oscillation is changed into a horizontal movement, the water
contained in the wave being thrown forward on the beach. " 7
Now in the paper from which Mr. Wheeler extracted his
generalised description of the Oddicombe and Petitor coves,
I have the following passage : —
u In the preceding pages I have endeavoured to show that there
is no evidence that a wave of oscillation is transformed into a
wave of translation on passing into shallow water."
This is the paper Sir George Airy commended. Now let
me cite from the British Association Report for 1883,
p. 658:—
"[The author] endeavoured, by a description of a series of
observations and experiments, to show that the ordinary oscil-
lating wind-wave or swell is never converted into a wave of
translation."
7 p. 9.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
490 START POINT TO PETITOR,
Let me cite again from the Report for 1886, p. 677 : —
" The author showed by diagrams that experimental oscillating
waves plunged further and further from the margin of repose as
the incline of the beach was reduced, and that they showed no
tendency to turn into waves of translation.1'
Mark, no tendency. In the paper of which the Association
report is an abstract I remarked : —
" It is an extraordinary theory to hold, that an oscillating wave
can perform the miracle of self-elevation, as maintained by Mr.
Kussell."
Mr. Wheeler observes : —
"If two floating substances be thrown into the water, one
immediately beyond the wave breaking on the shore, and the
other within its range, the former will flow away with the tidal
current, while the latter will be thrown on the beach." 8
I should have thought it was a matter of general experi-
ence that hats and sticks and other objects, blown or thrown
into the sea within the range of breakers, very often do not
return to their anxious owners. The subject is discussed,
and the contradictions reconciled, in my " Action of Waves,"
etc., Proc. Boy. Dublin Soc, pp. 259-61.
(4) " Ground-swell waves which are of great length, although
of small height, break in depths where ordinary waves would
remain undulations."9
On the following page we are told that —
" Ground swell is the product of wind waves generated at some
distant part of the ocean."
This is just so. A ground swell is a wave on which the
wind has ceased to act, and as it dies away is less effective
than its originating wave. But a wind-pressed wave of one
period cannot be compared with a swell of another period,
(5) "As waves due to distant gales travel across the ocean
shorewards, they coalesce and form long, low undulations." *
No authority is given for this assertion, which I do not
remember having seen before.
(6) " The effect of a ground swell extends to a greater depth
than that of ordinary wind waves ; and it exerts a greater power
of transmission near the bottom than shorter waves in the same
depth."1
8 p. 10. • p. 10. 1 p. 12.
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AND THE DRIFTING OF SHINGLE. 491
It is not clear here what the author means by " ordinary."
A ground swell will not exert so great power as the wind
wave from which it arose, because while the wave-length
will be equal, the height will be less. But no doubt a heavy
ground swell will exert greater power than an ordinary
short wind wave. With respect to any wave before break-
ing exerting any power of transmission near the bottom, or
even at the bottom, I can only say that I have never
detected any such action, either in natural or in artificial
waves.
(7) " As the long waves due to a ground swell approach shallow
water . . . the momentum contained in the moving water sensibly
raises the height of the wave and increases its velocity."2
The actual crests, no doubt, rise in height as they diminish
in volume, but so far from increasing in velocity, the wave
goes slower and slower. This fact can be proved to demon-
stration by running a wave on to a beach divided by a
longitudinal division. If one side have a less gradient than
the other, the half-wave running over the steeper gradient
will run away from the half running over the lesser
gradient.
Mr. Wheeler quotes some lines of Tennyson which illus-
trate this fact, viz. : —
. . . H the great waters break
Whitening for half a league, and thin themselves
Far over sands marbled with moon and cloud,
From less and less to nothing."
This can be seen on a small scale on any half-covered
mud-flat. As the waves follow in succession over the
shallow water, the leaders are checked, and the followers
close up, until the end is : —
" From less and less to nothing."
(8) " The mean level of the sea at the place where a wave breaks
on the shore is raised by the action of an onshore wind, and this
is further increased by the impetus of the waves."8
Of the effect of the wind-pressure there is no question,
but careful experiment negatives the smallest raising of the
mean sea-level by any wave originating as an oscillating
wave. The simplest experimental demonstration is that of
a cross-wire at the level of the water in repose. Then,
* p. 12. * p. is.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
492 8TART POINT TO PBTITOB,
whatever the gradient of the beach, the water sinks away
from the wire in advance of every wave-crest. For every
wave, the offspring of an oscillating wave, is formed of a
preceding depression and a following crest.
But there is no need of experiment, as the beach at
Goodrington Sands in Torbay affords proof positive. As
mentioned in a previous paper,* the high-water line at
Goodrington on the 10th June, 1888, after twenty-four
hours' calm weather, was only 4 feet 10 inches below the
highest level of the beach, where a low bank of sand and
shingle formed the only barrier between the sea and a low-
lying hayfield beyond it,
Goodrington Sands lie open to the heaviest down-Channel
seas, and the slightest abnormal raising of the water-level,
either by onshore winds or by the impetus of waves, would
enable the sea to breach the bank and flood the fields
beyond. But, as a matter of fact, down-Channel winds
(easterly) lower the water-level of the English Channel, and
as a part of it the water-level in Torbay, as evidenced by
very low tides; and neither winds nor waves in Torbay
succeed in raising the water-level sufficiently to enable the
sea to overflow the aforesaid low bank, the sole protection of
the adjoining fields.
(9) "Approximately, it may be taken that breaking waves
having a height of 3 to 5 feet will have a length of 18 feet . . .
with ten waves in a minute."5
By Lord Kayleigh's formula cited above, waves of ten to
the minute, or 6 seconds period, are just 183 feet long,
regardless of height. At first sight I supposed 18 might be
a misprint for 180, but on the following page we read of the
effects of " a wave 30 feet long and 10 feet high." For-
tunately for navigation such waves are unknown, except,
perhaps, in Turner's marine paintings. No boat could live
in such seas.
(10) "When there is considerable wave-motion on the surface
of the water, at a depth at which divers are able to work the
water is found to be motionless."6
This is confirmed by the example cited above. Waves
192 feet long and 4*8 feet high would be a rough sea. Yet,
as we have seen, even in 8 fathoms the motion would be
represented by no more than a 1-foot circle.
4 Trans. Devon. Assoc, vol. xx. p. 248. * p. 14. • p. 16.
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AND THE DRIFTING OF SHINGLE. 493
(11) "The form of pebbles is frequently a flat oval, showing
that the motion to which they are subject is that of being pushed
along rather than rolled."7
The form of beach shingle greatly depends on the jointing
and bedding of the parent rock ; for instance, a cube would
roll into a sphere, and a rectangle would roll into an oval,
whose flatness would depend on the thickness of the jointed
bed.
On the Chesil bank occur together the well-known flat-
tened ellipsoids which hail last from Budleigh Salterton
(though whence they originally came none can tell), and
cherts, which are as nearly perfect spheres as can be found
on a beach.
(12) "The direction of the littoral drift is governed by the
direction of the flood tide and the shape of the coast," 8 and
" The headland at Start Point and the projection at Dartmouth,
a distance of ten miles, form an embayment three miles in depth.
The flood tide, striking the projection at the northern end of the
bay, sweeps round along the shore and sets southward for nine
hours out of the twelve."9
With respect to the first of these two statements, I had
always looked upon Start Bay as proof positive to the
contrary.
The northern projection of the embayment referred to is
the Mewstone, west of Dartmouth. So far from the flood
tide being turned back by this projection, it sweeps eastward
there like a river. I have good cause to know this. On one
occasion on my way to a Dartmouth regatta I was becalmed
off Scabbacombe Sands in my six-ton boat. My man, who
was an old smuggler and knew every inch of the coast,
ventured on a, to me, unheard-of inner passage, and he and
I fought the tide, with our sweeps almost touching the
mainland. Within a few feet of the shore the tide was
almost racing to the eastward, and it was a hard fight to get
through. The sweep of the ebb tide in Start Bay is
notorious for its risk to unwary boatmen, as there is no
little danger of a small boat being swept right out to sea
past Start Point. It probably is not far from the truth
to say that the ebb runs nine hours out of Start Bay ; that
is to say, six hours' ebb and three hours' flood eddy; but
it is obviously impossible for the flood there to run west-
7 p. 38. * p. 66. • p, 132,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
494 STAKT POINT TO PETITOR,
ward nine hours. What in that case would the ebb be
doing ? Clearly running west also, and there would be no
eastward current at all between the Start and the Mewstone.
No; the travel of shingle in Start Bay, as evidenced by
the larger pebbles at Hall Sands (now removed), is to the
southward and westward in the direction of the most
effective winds (easterly) and of the ebb tide current. The
only possible support Start Bay can afford to Mr. Wheeler is
as a most notable exception to prove his alleged rule — a
rule for which I have never been able to detect a shadow
of evidence between Start Point and Babbacombe Bay.
Start Bay is not a deep-set, tide-evading inlet like Torbay,
but a line of coast exposed to the full strength of the ebb,
though protected by Start Point from the full force of the
flood.
In 1887 I incidentally mentioned1 my crossing the
Skerries on both the ebb and flood, and noticing the
southerly set of the one and the easterly set of the other.
I have repeatedly pointed out the extreme complexity of the
forces which govern this movement of sand and shingle.
There are three currents ever present during a gale, viz. the
tidal, the wind-drift, and the currents set up by heavy
waves. Added to these there is the varied application of the
recoil, the plunge, and the rush of waves of various sizes,
acting differently on shingle of various shapes and sizes.
But I have yet to see the smallest balance of effect to the
credit of the flood tide on the coasts with which I have any
acquaintance ; of others I do not pretend to speak.
Since writing the foregoing remarks, my relative, Miss
E. R Teage, of Sanders, Stoke Fleming, kindly referred me
to Mr. W. Diamond, of Torcross, as an authority on the
tides of Start Bay. I asked Mr. Diamond to inform me
how the tides ran at Strete, Torcross, Bee Sands, and Hall
Sands ; and his reply makes one regret that so many
scientific men fall short, in accuracy and terseness of detailed
description, of the practical expert.
" Torcross, 5/6/02.
"Dear Sir,
"The tides running between Strete and Hallsands are as
follows : —
" The Ebb tide at Strete makes along shore at two hours after
High Water, and the Flood tide runs up two hours after High
Water.
" At Torcross along shore the flood is done about three-quarters
1 Trans. Devon. Assoc. , vol xix. p. 600. .
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
AND THE DRIFTING OF SHINGLE. 495
of an hour after High Water, and the Ebb tide runs down until
half -flood by the shore [i.e. 8| hours' ebb].
" At Hallsands the Ebb tide makes as soon as High Water, the
Flood close by the shore will make at Low Water until you get up
half-way to Beesands, and you will meet the Ebb again there
until two hours after flood by the shore ; then it makes up by the
shore as you go along in Start Bay off Torcross one mile, there is
nine hours' Ebb tide and three hours' Flood, but the tides are
irregular according to the Neaps and Springs.
" With a local man and a little experience one would soon learn.
Hoping this will be sufficient, I am, yours respectfully,
(Signed) "W. Diamond."
I venture to suggest that the comma after " mile " should
be struck out and a full stop inserted after " Start Bay."
The point of crucial importance is that at Torcross,
alongshore, the tide running to the westward is the whole
ebb short of forty-five minutes, and three hours of a flood
eddy. Whereas one mile off Torcross there is nine hours'
ebb and three hours' flood. So Mr. Wheeler has clearly been
misinformed that it is the flood that sets westward (locally
southward) for nine hours.
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THE PETROGEAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND
ITS BORDERS.
Part I.
BT R. HAN8FORD WORTH.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
" It ia not really possible, so far as Dartmoor is concerned, to suggest any
condition or gradation of felsitic material, in composition, structure, or
motamorphism, that is not represented, or that is not linked by intermediate
phases to all the rest. What we attempt to distinguish as separate rocks in
this connection are, in fact, nothing more than stages, the differentiation
between them pathological and not generic. Their condition and appearance
vary with their history, but at bottom they are essentially one and the
same, and nowhere in the series can any hard and fast line be drawn." —
B. If. Worth, 1896.
In scope and in intent the present paper is a partial effort
to carry forward my father's work on the geology of
Dartmoor. Granted the two essentials, time and oppor-
tunity, that work admits extension in certain definite
directions. New varieties of rock may be found; known
varieties may be obtained from new localities; rocks,
previously only known as constituents of detrital deposits,
may be found in situ; and rocks formerly described with
reference to their macroscopic characteristics may be sub-
jected to microscopic examination.
In no one of these directions can any striking novelty,
leading to a broad variation of general principles, be
anticipated. Some modification of detail there must be,
and some addition to the general outline.
The subject is so wide that exhaustive research is impos-
sible, but at least with adequate care the ground can be
secured as we go. To this end one simple precaution
should largely contribute: the locality of each specimen,
whether taken in situ or not, has been marked with a
distinctive number on the six-inch Ordnance map; the
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
497
specimen itself has been labelled with this distinctive
number, following the reference of the six-inch quarter-
sheet, and with the latitude and longitude of the point
from which it was taken. Each specimen label thus gives
a locality with close approximation, and in practice this
system is not more troublesome than the result attained
warrants. The following is a facsimile of a complete
label:—
DARTMOOR
CVI. S.E. 1*
Lon. . . 4° V
66"
Lat . . 50° 32'
29"
Swell Tor Quarry
In situ
In this instance "CVI. S.E." indicates the six-inch quarter-
sheet of the Ordnance Survey covering the area in which
the specimen was found, " la " is the distinctive number
of that specimen as marked on the quarter - sheet, the
latitude and longitude enable the same point to be marked
on any map or plan, and for additional information the
name of the locality is added as well as the remark "In
situ"
It may be noted that every six-inch quarter-sheet of the
Ordnance Survey bears the degrees of latitude and longitude
on its border.
Microscopic sections have full facsimiles of the labels of
the specimens from which they have been cut.
One other matter may be referred to in this connection.
Specimens actually taken from the "living rock" are
referred to as "in situ"; others may be spoken of as
"practically in situ" when the conditions under which they
are found leave no doubt that they are not far travelled
from their centre of origin. Such conditions exist when
a defined area of soil at any point is thickly strewn Ayith
fragments of a definite rock, which fragments do not occur
in the same profusion elsewhere, and especially are not to
be found on the hillside above the area. All other speci-
mens are marked "not in situ."
It is intended that individual descriptions shall precede
vol. xxxiv. 2 I
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
498 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
any general observations, with the exception of the follow-
ing remarks on nomenclature and classification : —
NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION.
The felsites and granites of Dartmoor range from com-
pact subvitreous rocks with conchoidal fracture to coarsely
crystalline giant granite; from a matrix in which a few
specks of quartz, barely visible to the unaided eye, repre-
sent the whole of the porphyritic constituents, to holo-
crystalline rocks with felspar crystals of several inches in
principal dimension, and the other minerals proportionately
developed.
Between these extremes lies the unnumbered host of
varieties. The felsites grade through micro-porphyritic
rocks, in which by the development of crystalline structure
the whole felsitic matrix may ultimately be lost, and pass
into fine-grained granites ; from which minutely crystalline
but fully differentiated rocks to the coarsest textures all
intermediate forms occur.
Or the most compact felsite without other visible por-
phyritic constituents may develop sporadic crystals of
felspar to be measured by inches, and grains of quartz
from half to three-quarters of an inch in diameter, while
on the other hand an apparently holocrystalline granite
may prove to have a felsitic matrix.
The same transitional gradations apply to the mineral,
although probably not to the ultimate chemical, composition
of these rocks.
At times these gradations can be followed through
successive adjacent portions of the same rock mass; more
frequently specimens from different localities are necessary
to exhibit to the full the intermediate forms.
Confronted by the necessity for adopting some nomen-
clature applicable to the whole of these varieties, it
becomes evident that a few simple types, around which
the other forms can be grouped, present the only logical
system.
The following terminology has accordingly been adopted :
Felsite.
(The Compact Felspar of early writers corresponding in
part with Elvan, Elvanite, Eurite, Felstone, Halleflinte,
Hornstone, Petrosilex, and Porphyry, in part also with
Granophyre, Felsophyre, and Micro-granite and Micro-
granulite.)
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 499
It is comparatively useless to enter upon an historical
discussion of the varied application of the above list of
names, each of which has been used in its time as in part
synonymous with felsite, and most of which have, on the
other hand, been applied by some one authority or more to
other rocks than typical felsites. It is in fact necessary in
using any one of the names given to state clearly what
author is followed.
The attitude of a few recent writers toward this item of
nomenclature may be stated as under : —
The term as the name of a rock species is rejected by
Cole,1 on the ground that it is so differently used by
different writers that its reputation is lost. He proposes
in its place the " Eurite " of d'Aubisson, " since that seems
to cover admirably the fine-grained and compact forms of
granite, known commonly in England as ' Quartz-Felsite/
and on the Continent as ' Micro -Granulite,' * Quartz -Por-
phyry/ etc."
Teall2 treats Felsite, Eurite, and Petrosilex as practically
synonymous, and he recognises Quartz-Felsite, etc., as
species.
Hutley3 inclines to maintain a distinction between Felstone
and Eurite, regarding the true Eurite as a more readily
fusible rock than the true Felstone: he also recognises
Quartz-Porphyry and Felspar-Porphyry as at least sub-
species differing from typical Felstone.
Seeley* treats Felstone or Felsite-rock, Petrosilex or
Eurite, as synonymous, and applies these names to rocks
having a compact felsitic matrix, sometimes with crystals of
quartz and felspar.
Bonney5 proposes to use the term Felsite for certain
hemicrystalUne rocks and abandon the name Porphyry.
Merrill6 writes of Porphyritic Felsites when describing
rocks having a felsitic matrix and porphyritic constituents ;
and finally, Williams7 gives the synonyms Felsite, Felstone,
Eurite, Petrosilex, using these for a rock without porphyritic
constituents and designating all porphyritic rocks with a
quartz-felsitic matrix as Porphyries.
At some time or other most petrographers are driven to
1 Aids in Practical Geology, 1893, p. 201.
2 British Petrography, 1888, p. 291.
9 The Study of Eoeks, 1884, p. 209 et seq.
4 Phillips, Manual of Geology, 1885, p. 87.
* Q.J.G.S., vol. xli. partii., 1885, p 71.
• Beport of Smithsonian Inst., 1885-6, part ii. p. 427.
7 A Manual of LUhology, New York, 1886, p. 58 et seq.
2 I 2
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
500 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
use the term " felsitic matrix," and this with an approxim-
ately constant value. Cole avoids this difficulty by making
the ground mass of his " Eurite " " micro-granitic and often
micro-pegmatitic " ; this at once places the name beyond the
range of possibility as a substitute for Felsite, since many of
our typical felsites have no micro-granitic or micro-pegma-
titic structure, although others may and do pass into rocks
of that type.
R. N. Worth* adopts Felsite for all rocks with a felsitic
matrix, generically9 and with the constant use of qualifying
expressions for the various species9 and sub-species. Thus
utilising the name as identical with both the Felstones and
Porphyries of many writers. This accords with Bonnetfs
desire to abandon the term Porphyry, and in adopting this
method of nomenclature two advantages are obtained One
broad bond of union between a series of rocks is kept in
constant view, and a useful field name is retained which can
follow the specimen through all stages of its examination
under the microscope or in the laboratory. Sufficiently
inclusive for the hammer, it admits ready modification for
the study.
There appears to be a general agreement as to the true
meaning of the words " felsitic matrix " or " felsitic matter,"
and the following definition has been drafted to accord with
most, if not all, of the authorities.
Felsitic matter consists of an intimate micro-crystalline,
crystalline-granular, crypto-crystalline, or indiscriminate
admixture of felspar and quartz, the felspar being chiefly
or, possibly, entirely orthoclase. The constituent minerals
are indistinguishable and irresolvable with the aid of an
ordinary lens. Macroscopically it is essentially compact
and stony, sometimes flint-like, in which latter case it is
translucent at the edges of flakes, and exhibits a more or
less conchoidal fracture. Except in a very few extreme
instances, bright spots of reflected light, due to the presence
of minute blebs of quartz, can be detected on broken
surfaces.
The microscope reveals a considerable range of structure.
In the thinnest sections and under the highest applicable
powers no detail may be discernible, and the rock may
show only a species of aggregate reaction and dappled
8 " Materials for a Census of Devonian Granites and Felsites," Trans.
Devon. Assoc., 1892.
• The terms " generic " and " specific " are not used in the same strict
sense as in Biology.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 501
appearance with polarised light; it is, however, clearly
distinguishable from a glass. The trace of structure
apparent in this type may perhaps be described as " in-
discriminate." The confused appearance is largely due to
the impossibility of cutting a section which shall be less
in thickness or no thicker than the average dimension of
the constituent crystalline particles. The thinnest possible
section affords room for two or even three such particles
within its depth, and since the crystal axes lie in all
possible directions, each of these particles is liable to
reverse or modify its neighbour's action upon polarised
light, only the resultant effect reaching the eye.
1. This Indiscriminate structuie is an extreme modifica-
tion of the crystalline-granular, into which it passes when
the particles of the constituent minerals become sufficiently
large to be distinguished under the microscope, the dis-
crimination being aided by the fact that many of the
granules then occupy the whole thickness of a section
from side to side.
As the particles become larger, while still remaining
microscopic, definite varieties of composition and structural
arrangement are recognisable.
2. Micro-granular. — The ground mass is granular, and
consists wholly or almost wholly of quartz and felspar.
3. Micro-pegrnatitic. — The quartz and felspar form inter-
growths as in graphic granite (the term " pegmatite" being
used in the strictly limited sense adopted by Hauy, its
originator).
4. Micro-granitic. — Quartz, felspar, and mica (or amphi-
bole or pyroxene) are present, and the structure is granitic.
In a ground mass of either of these types dominant
mineral constituents may appear, either granular or possess-
ing more or less definite crystal outline. If these con-
stituents are visible to the unaided eye, the rock is
Porphyritic, and Micro-porphyritic if only to be detected
by the aid of the microscope. These together form the
Porphyries of many writers.
If, however, we adhere to the name " Felsite," a con-
venient way of indicating that the rock contains porphyritic
constituents, and at the same time stating the minerals
which occur porphyritically, is by prefixing the name of
such mineral or minerals. In this manner the term Qmrtz-
Felsite came into existence, but since felsites containing
porphyritic quartz very frequently contain orthoclase crystals
also, the use of this term has been extended to cover rocks
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502 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
containing both porphyrinic quartz and felspar in a felsitic
matrix. More exactly these should be described as quartz-
orthoclase-felsites. It is now hopeless to attempt to revert
to this more exact nomenclature, and it remains to state
definitely if and when the term is used whether the quartz-
felsite does or does not contain porphyrinic felspar crystals.
Turning to the more coarsely crystalline rocks, in which
the structure and mineral constituents are visible, either
to the unaided eye or at the most by the aid of a hand
lens, there is more general agreement in definition.
Granite.— Muscovite-granite and Biotite-granitb
are used in their ordinary acceptations.
Tourmaline-granite marks the presence of tourma-
line as an accessory and probably secondary mineral, mica
still being present in fair quantity and the tourmaline less
prominent than in : —
LUXULYANITE, which term is used for felspar-quartz-
tourmaline rocks in which the mica has practically all
disappeared, and the quartz and tourmaline together form
a ground for the crystals of orthoclase.
APLITE is applied to rocks composed almost entirely of
quartz and felspar. These were all included as "Pegmatite"
by E. N. Worth, in his paper on "Devonian Granites
and Felsites," but it should now be noted that " Pegmatite *'
is for present purposes restricted to graphic granite.
Graphic Granite (or Pegmatite of Hauy), an aplite in
which the quartz and felspar form intergrowths, the quartz
being imbedded in and subdividing felspar areas,1 each of
which shows simultaneous extinction between crossed
nicols.
Greisen, quartz-mica rocks.
SCHORL Bock. — Quartz-tourmaline.
FELSITES.
On and around Dartmoor felsites occur: —
(a) As dykes and bosses, having no visible connection
with the granite mass of Dartmoor.
(b) As dykes and veins springing from the main mass of
granite and penetrating the surrounding rocks (Apophyses).
(c) As veins in the granite.
(d) As masses of irregular shape and widely varying size
1 Describing the appearance of section only, it mnst be remarked that
felspar in the rock has three dimensions.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PLATE
Fig. 1. View of Dyke, Caxn Quarry.
Fig. 2. Hand specimen, from Cann Quarry, with Green Vein in Buff
Felsite. Natural size.
Petrography of Dartmoor. Part I.— To face p. 502.
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Digitized by VjOOQ lC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 503
included in the granite and sometimes imperceptibly grading
with it.
(e) As sheets applied to the outer surface of the granite
and lying between it and the surrounding rocks.
(f) It has not infrequently been stated that veins and
dykes of felsite (or elvan) occur, which penetrate both the
granite and the surrounding rocks, continuing as dykes on
both sides of the junction. De la Beche, in his report on
Cornwall and Devon, gives a Cornish instance, at Cam
Silver, near Eosemodris, on the authority of Mr. Carne
(1818).*
It is obvious that felsites occurring as independent dykes
and bosses present no possible evidence as regarding their
date relative to the granite, except such as may be derived
from the age of the rocks which they penetrate, and
doubtfully from their lithological character and their
mineral composition.
Felsites springing as dykes and veins from the granite are
at once recognisable as of the same period as the latter.
Veins in the granite itself have been constantly recog-
nised as of later date than the rock in which they occur.
It remains to be seen, however, that some at least of such
veins may be cotemporaneous with the granite.
Sheets of felsite applied to the outer surface of the
granite and lying between it and the surrounding rocks are
undoubtedly of the same age as the granite in those cases
in which the two rocks grade regularly the one into the
other. Where there is an apparent abrupt junction the
case is analogous with that of veins in the granite.
Felsite dykes penetrating both granite and the surround-
ing rock, if and where such occur, must probably be of
later date than both.
CANN QUARRY.
An elvan course extends from Boringdon Woods through
Cann Quarry, across the Plym, by Colwell and Fursden to-
ward Knackersknowle, a total distance of about two miles.
At Cann Quarry the dyke is not continuous ; two parallel
veins show on the face of the quarry : one dies out westward
before reaching the river, one persists across the river, but
in turn dies out at a short distance from the far bank ; the
dyke then recommences in line with the termination of the
southern vein first mentioned and runs past Colwill Farm.
2 Trans. Qeol. Soc. of Cornwall, voL ii. p. 67 (1822).
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
504 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
On both sides of the river the stone has of late years
been worked for road metal, the quarries having first come
into existence as roofing slate quarries.
At the present time the northern vein in Cann Quarry,
on the eastern side of the river, has been worked back in
such manner as to present an excellent section of a felsitic
dyke intrusive in Devonshire slate. The illustration (Plate
I. Fig. 1) is partly sketch and partly photograph. The
extreme height of the dyke from the quarry floor is 110
feet, its average width 27 feet, its strike 13° N. of E., and
the dip 50° southward.
The dyke has thrust apart the slate laminae, and its dip
coincides with the cleavage ; near the quarry floor, however,
a point will be noticed at which the lamination has been
broken across. Some old quarry rubble partially obscures
the surface of the slate in places.
A notch in the crest of the cliff on the extreme right of
the sketch indicates the position of the southern dyke.
This felsite is mentioned in Devonian Granites and
Felsites, on page 190, the second entry on the page. The
description there given applies to the rock as it was known
until within the past few months, but recent quarrying has
developed interesting additional features.
Originally, while the more easterly end of the dyke was
being quarried the rock was of fairly uniform nature
throughout.
In colour it was cream, with a slight shade of purple-
grey ; its fracture was stony with tendency toward splinteri-
ness, a distinctly lithoidal texture ; quartz blebs and small
occasional flecks of white mica were visible, calcite and
pyrites occurred on some joint faces, and dendritic markings
near the junction with the slate.
The mass is still the same, but as the excavation
proceeded westward a new rock has made its appearance ;
the colour is light olive-green (Indian yellow and indigo),
the texture compact, and fracture subconchoidal ; broken
surfaces are in some instances smooth and in others
splintery ; the edges of flakes are translucent.
The writer first observed this rock in heaps of metalling
by the roadside. Sometimes a piece of metalling consists
wholly of the green rock, sometimes partly of the green
and partly of the cream-coloured, and at other times a
piece of cream-coloured rock is found with a vein of green
traversing it. There is a constant tendency in the stone
to split along the junction of the two varieties, but some
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METROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 505
pieces show a gradual passage in place of a junction, and
some of the green fragments are junctions with slate rock.
Thus the evidence from these roadside heaps is in itself
very suggestive as to the relationship between the rocks,
while a visit to the quarry proves even more instructive.
Here, in the quarry, at the base of the exposure, the
green rock is seen to form the margin of the dyke, in
contact with the slate ; in places it passes in a distance of
six to eight inches toward the centre of the dyke into the
cream-coloured felsite by uniform gradation. At places
there is a fairly clear line of junction between the two,
roughly parallel to the side of the dyke. And at places
the green rock is seen t^ pass out from the margin of the
dyke and penetrate nearly cr quite to its centre as a vein
in cream felsite. In a space of two or three inches from
the slate the green rock, which is more highly coloured
when it touches the slate, is banded parallel to the junction,
the bands being narrow in all cases, but narrower, darker,
and closer to each other next the junction, amounting,
indeed, to little more than lines.
As an instance, in one case the sequence is as follows :
First the junction of slate and felsite, then 3£ mm. towards
the centre of the dyke is the centre of a darker line
parallel to the junction face, 4 mm. further in is the centre
of the next dark line, others occur at the following intervals,
3£ mm., 5 mm., 5 mm., and the next 10 mm. distant from
this. The first four lines are distinct, and not more than
half a millimetre in width at the extreme ; the sixth men-
tioned above is not sharply defined, is lighter, and 1J mm.
in width.
The green veins which traverse the body of the dyke are
frequently darker at their immediate margin, the edge
being defined by a line ; but in many cases at least this line
is due to a formation of secondary minerals along the plane
of junction of the two felsites, similar to the formations
on the joint faces, and sometimes dendritic.
Plate I. Fig. 2 is a sketch to full size of a hand specimen
showing a portion of a vein of the green rock at one end
and a branch vein from this traversing the specimen longi-
tudinally.
In one instance at least a compound vein has been
observed in situ, the sequence from side to side being as
follows : First the mass of cream felsite, then a three-quarter
inch vein of green felsite, then a band an inch wide of cream
felsite, followed by a vein, of green felsite one inch in width,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
506 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
beyond which lay once more the mass of cream felsite.
This compound vein was traceable for some feet.
In places the jointing of the dyke coincides with the face
of a green-felsite vein or mass.
The strike of all the green veins at present seen is in-
ward and upward from the margin of the dyke, following
the line of flow of the molten material
It is obvious that the green felsite is the selvage of the
dyke, differentiated from the mass by its contact with the
slate and consequent more rapid cooling. It is true, how-
ever, that higher up the quarry the cream felsite itself, little
altered, is found in immediate contact with the slate in
places. Among other things, it must be remembered that
we are near the end of the dyke in this quarry.
The conditions under which this green rock may have
been first formed and partially cooled are these.
When the elvan wedge started penetrating the slaty
laminae it did not at once open out and occupy the full
width, or height, or length it now shows. The upper edge
of the wedge and the outer end, taking the length, would
of necessity be thinner than the main body of the elvan,
would cool more rapidly, and would be in contact with cooler
sedimentary rock. Hence these would acquire a certain
viscosity and tend to solidify in a minutely crystalline state,
while the main, deeper body, of the rock remained fluid.
The intrusion of the dyke would neither be instantaneous
nor absolutely regular, periods of comparative rest occurring,
during which the top and end edge might cool considerably
and become much less plastic than the lower portions. An
advance of the material constituting the dyke might then
take place, opening out the sedimentary rocks and moving
past the partly solidified material which had originally
formed the apex of the wedge, but which would now no
longer flow readily. Some of this cooled material (the
green felsite) would remain in contact with the walls of the
dyke, some would be torn away and carried on in the general
flow, with which its superior density, consequent on its
lower temperature, and its viscosity would not permit it
to mix. Stream lines of green felsite would thus occur
in the body of the dyke, all trending with the line of flow.
The ends of these lines would in some cases be reheated, re-
melted, and die out into the mass.
The inner portion of the green felsite lining the walls
would also be in places reheated, and would grade into the
cream-coloured rock. If the advance were sufficiently
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
Green Felsite.
Mica.
PLATE II.
Buff Felsite.
Fig. 1. Section of CXVII. S.W. lb, x 137 lin. Junction of Green and Huff
Felsitcs with development of Mica at plane of contact.
v -
■^f.
■#ijN:
*
H*» i 1 '< ' At
«■£*
ii«*48
. ... % JL*
Fig. 2. Pitted Weathered Surface of Felsite "A.w Specimen taken from
bed of River Plym, below Hen Tor Brook (not in situ). Natural size.
Pctrooraphy of Dartmoor. Part l.—To face p. 506.
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Digitized by VjOOQ lC
PETROGRAPHY. OF DARTMOOR AND IT8 BOUDEH8. 507
marked and a broad enough body of molten material
injected between the walls of the dyke, the conditions for
the formation of the more compact green rock might not
recur, at least until the next halt took place, since the
larger body of molten material would be longer in cooling,
and its margins would borrow some heat from the centre.
In this manner would be obtained an elvan dyke com-
posed in the main of one uniform felsitic rock, but traversed
by sharply differentiated veins of another colour and texture,
derived none the less from the same magma and absolutely
cotemporaneous with the mass.
It needs no great imagination to apply the conclusions to
be derived from the examination of this small dyke to the
consideration of many circumstances connected with even
the larger granite bosses, and to admit that veins of various
felsites and fine-grained rocks traversing these granites
need not in all cases be necessarily of later date than
the rock they penetrate, may even in some instances have
passed some way toward the solid condition when their
present surroundings were still fluid and unchilled.
The following are details of the composition and micro-
structure of the Cann Quarry felsite : —
Buff Felsite. Cann Quarry, forming body of dyke
CXVIII. S.W. 1. Lcmg. 4° 4' 39", lat. 50° 26' 2".
I. Colour? cream, with a shade of purple-grey. Texture,
lithoidal, fracture at times splintery. Specific gravity, 2*634.
Occasional distinct quartz and white mica; calcite and
pyrites developed as joint faces, and at places dendritic
markings, especially near junction with the slate.
II. Very numerous light brown, cloudy, lath -shaped
felspars, mostly ill-formed and especially indefinite at their
ends ; mingled with these are irregular felspar areas which
sometimes show an approach to crystal form. These
felspars are embedded in a colourless ground crowded
with a fibrous mineral which lies parallel to the boundaries
of the felspar crystallites and spreads irregularly into the
open spaces between. At the edges of the fibres this
mineral can be seen to be lamellar, its double refraction
is strong, and with its extinction corresponds to that of
mica. Tested with the quartz wedge this identification is
borne out. (No power under a £-in. objective will serve
* Following Cole (Aids in Practical Geology), under heading I. in dealing
with each rock will be found characters observable in the field or in the
hand specimen, while under the heading II. will be found the microscopic
characters.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
508 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
to thoroughly examine this rock.) The other constituent
of the colourless ground mass is a quartz mosaic.
An occasional quartz crystal can be found with good
outline. One which occurs cut nearly parallel to the base
. measures almost exactly one millimetre across the longest
diagonal of the hexagon. There are in this crystal four
enclosures of the ground mass, each micaceous, and one
patch consisting of mica only, besides several cross-sections
of plates of mica. There are also numerous small cavities,
some of which show bubbles. The quartz of the ground
mass has larger and more numerous cavities. Grains of
orange " f errite " occur irregularly.
Little as it may so appear in the hand specimen, this
portion of the dyke is a true micro-granite, the only devia-
tion from the type being the ragged ends of the felspars
The repeated twinning of plagioclase is conspicuously
absent.
As regarding the distribution of mica (sericite) in this
rock, compare Sorby, Presidential Address to the Geological
Society, 20th February, 1880, p. 53, on Mica in Deposited
Bocks.
Green Felsite. Cann Quarry, margin of dyke at places
and as veins in the Buff Felsite. CXVIII. S.W. la, lb, eta
I. Colour, light olive-green (Indian yellow and indigo).
Texture, compact lithoidal, with sub-conchoidal fracture;
at times smooth, at times splintery; flakes translucent
at edges. Specific gravity, 2*654. Occasional distinct quartz
and white mica associated. Galcite, pyrites, and dendritic
markings as in Buff Felsite.
II. Tabular and lath-shaped felspars, some comparatively
clear, but all show a cloudiness, and some are considerably
darkened by brown dust, endsusually square or ragged,
but occasionally the traces of P« & OP are well defined.
The longer axes of the majority of these felspars trend
in one direction, but there is no absolute uniformity. Some
few are twinned on the Carlsbad type. The average length
of the more prominent crystals is a little over *2 mm.
Many reach this length, and some are as long as *5 mm.
and over. The ratio of width and length varies greatly.
Quartz grains are frequent, and, while rarely regular,
usually show some approach to crystalline form. Liquid
enclosures with bubbles are frequent, passing in definite
planes through the larger grains, which have the more
perfect crystal outline. Under a fairly high power the
quartz is frequently seen to be bounded by blades and
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 509
plates of mica, which apparently project into it from the
ground mass, while mica inclusions and small inclusions
of the ground mass are common. There is an occasional
tendency to micro-pegmatitic intergrowth with felspar, and
with this mica is always associated.
Sections of white mica of fair size compared with the
other constituents are sparsely scattered, one such section
showing perfect basal cleavage measures '6 mm. by
•155 mm. The ground mass is minutely granular and
pale green in colour ; typically its structure is Indiscrimi-
nate. At places, however, in the sections one is tempted
to believe that minute mica can be detected. The whole
shade of the section is darker than in the case of the Bufl'
Felsite. Grains of orange ferrite are scarcer.
The rock is a quartz -orthoclase mica -felsite, with in-
discriminate ground mass.
At the junction of the two felsites, when that is well
defined, there is sometimes a considerable development of
microscopic mica, in no way to be detected in the hand
specimen.
Plate II. Fig. 1 is from a photograph of such a junction ;
it is hopeless, however, to attempt to reproduce clearly
the mineral character of the rocks.
Every intermediate form between the two felsites can be
found. The following features of contrast between the
extremes are to be noted. The micro-porphyritic con-
stituents have the more perfect crystal outline in the Green
rock, if we except the largest quartz crystals, which are
about equally perfect in both forms. On the whole the
felspars, although less perfect, are, perhaps, somewhat the
larger in the Buff rock. Quartz crystals with corroded out-
lines are common to both. Prominent mica with fairly
clear outline is much more frequent in the Green than in
the Buff. Some allowance must, however, be made for the
difference in the ground mass in each case, the darker and
more compact ground of the green affording a more perfect
contrast to the micro-porphyritic constituents. The network
of mica bending round the other constituent minerals is
clearly discernible in the Buff only.
The chilled Green rock has thus developed more perfect
micro-porphyritic constituents than the somewhat slower-
cooling Buff, but the latter is as a whole much more coarsely
crystalline. The minerals are identical, although, perhaps,
their proportions are different, and the difference in specific
gravity is in favour of the more rapidly cooled rock, which
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
510 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
is the heavier. This is comprehensible in view of the fact
that glass does not enter into the composition of either. It
is difficult to explain the contrast in colour, but it would
appear to be largely physical and consequent on the micro-
crystalline structures.
The order of crystallisation appears to have been —
(1) Orthoclase, (2) Mica, (3) Quartz, (4) Ground mass, in
which the previous order was probably again followed, but
with much less difference of period.
The superior specific gravity of the margin of this dyke
is quite in accord with theory; thus Teall4 cites Lagorio
on Soret's principle as follows : — " Suppose a mass of
molten material to be injected into a fissure and to remain
stagnant for a considerable length of time, the mass will be
cooled at the margins, and the compounds with which the
solution is most nearly saturated will accumulate in the
marginal portions, leaving the centre richer in those which
play the role of solvent medium," certain dykes are even
glassy in the central portion instead of at the margin. In
this manner it is possible also to explain the more per-
fectly crystalline form of the micro-porphyritic constituents
at the margin of the dyke. We have already seen that
precisely such periods of stagnation as are required by this
theory have probably occurred in the history of this in-
trusive mass.
It should be noted that the extreme selvage of the dyke
for a depth of, say, half an inch everywhere approximates
to the Green type of rock, without in all cases agreeing
exactly with it in character. It is universally of finer
grained ground mass than the centre, but the micro-porphy-
ritic crystals are variable in size and completeness of crystal
outline, and the colour is rarely distinctive.
Since writing the above a specimen has come to hand,
the mass of which is buff felsite, but this surrounds a patch
of well-charactered granite, measuring 4 cma by 2*5 cms.,
thus further extending the range of mineral structure of
the dyke.
An application of the principles which seem explanatory
of the mutual relationship of the two felsites of the Cann
Quarry dyke would go far toward solving many difficult
questions in banded intrusive veins. The supposed necessity
for two original magmas, each welling from its own deep-
seated reservoir and joining forces to form veins of composite
and alternative banded structure, may be abandoned in
4 British Petrography, p. 402.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 511
most if not in all cases; provided differentiation of one
original magma during a period of stagnation be allowed
and followed by a further forward movement, during which
the denser portion of the mass is drawn out into stream
lines by the flow. There is no real novelty in this sugges-
tion, except that an instance is now cited where the evidence
of such action has been unusually clearly preserved.
A TYPICAL DARTMOOR FELSITE (FELSITE "A").
It is convenient now to turn to a felsite which is imme-
diately associated with the Dartmoor Granite, and with
very slight differences in structure is found under identical
conditions over a wide range of country.
It invariably occurs as a sheet applied to the outer surface
of the granite and lying between it and the surrounding
rocks (see heading (e), p. 503). In places it lies exposed in
folds of the granite, the sedimentary rocks having been
denuded from its surface. To the present it has nowhere
been found typically developed within the mass of the
granite itself.
In its extreme development this rock may be described as
follows : —
I. Colour, rich Indian red, translucent at edges of flakes.
Texture, compact lithoidal, subvitreous, fracture conchoidal
and smooth. Specific gravity, 2*624. Weathers, through
shades of warm buff to cream, and finally pure white ; the
surface can then be fritted away by the thumb-nail.
Weathered surfaces are sometimes irregularly honeycombed
and sometimes develop parallel ridges simulating lamination.
Where the weathering has been slight, or where a weathered
surface is purposely ground back, the rock is seen to be
banded — a fact which can be detected in some freshly broken
specimens if sufficient care is exercised in their examination.
Schorl, when present, may emphasise the banded structure
by occurring finely disseminated and coincident with it.
From the fact that oxidation and solution attack some
bands sooner and to a greater extent than others, it is
evident that, although the colour contrast is very slight, the
mineral composition varies, the more resistile being prob-
ably more siliceous, the less, more felspathic. The bands
are narrow, as many as six frequently occurring within one
millimetre. They are at times rectilinear, but at others
contorted, and frequently form concentric, irregular ellipses
and ovals, simulating the " grain " of a flooring-board.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
512 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
There are no truly porphyritic constituents, but minute
glancing spots can be detected if the specimen is held at
the correct angle, and these are quartz blebs with very
rare small felspars. Excepting the extremely slight differ-
ence in colour in adjacent bands, the rock appears absolutely
homogeneous.
Cracks, due probably to contraction on cooling, occur in
every mass of a few ounces in weight. Some of these
cracks are extremely fine, and almost all have been re-
cemented with secondary quartz. Occasionally, however,
joint faces occur which have not been thoroughly re-
cemented, but are lined by a mere film of schorl, showing
no crystalline character under the hand lens. Occasionally,
too, in specimens otherwise conforming to the above
description, large blebs of quartz may occur, and isolated
felspar crystals of from one and a half to two inches or more
in length, one inch in width, and possibly half an inch or
more in thickness. These large felspars are usually very
fresh and unaltered, with perfect cleavage, and are of a
light buff colour and glassy lustre ; but, on the other hand,
the colour of the crystal may be identical with that of the
ground mass, in which case it is rarely idiomorphic.
The freshest and most compact forms of the rock are
usually nearer the granite, while duller and more open
textures, due to incipient decomposition, more frequently
occur near the slates. This is merely equivalent to stating
that decomposition has proceeded from without — inward.
II. Typically the structure is indiscriminate, producing
the effect of an irregular and extremely fine stipple in
shades of orange - brown. A reticulated appearance is
common, resulting from the lessening of the pigment in
rounded patches at fairly regular intervals; between the
patches the darker ground simulates, in section, a network.
This structure is always somewhat ill-defined. Occasionally
micro-pegmatitic and centric structures are suggested.
Flecks and plates of hematite (?) form part at least of
the colouring matter; here and there these congregate
into little spherical or irregular clouds, and are often
more closely set than elsewhere around the minute quartz
blebs, which constitute the sole porphyritic mineral.
Many of these latter are only clearly distinguishable with
magnifications of 300 and upward, yet the larger contain
minute hairlike microlites and crystal inclusions. They
also contain liquid enclosures with bubbles, and at times
cubic crystals. Schorl is very usually present in the rock
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 513
in isolated crystals, grains, and minute irregular aggregates.
Small grains of almost colourless tourmaline occur.
Extremely thin sections and magnifications of 700
diameters and over resolve the structure into a series of
irregular interlocked granules, and reveal the completely
crystalline character of the mass; but still with the
thinnest section the resolution is incomplete, and the
mineral identity of the granules cannot be ascertained.
The large felspars which sometimes occur, and appear
strikingly fresh in the hand specimens, are seen to be
traversed by closely set parallel stria*, apparently formed
by innumerable rod-shaped microlites. Small crystals (at
times simply twinned) and crystalline areas of felspar are
present as enclosures, the crystal axes of which bear no
definite relation to those of the large felspars. Quartz
enclosures are frequent, some apparently original, others
secondary and associated with schorl; in both cavities
with liquid, bubbles, and cubic crystals occur. Some of
the smaller quartz shows fair crystal outlines.
That this felsite lies near the junction with the slates
is very clearly evidenced even in those cases in which
no actual exposure in situ can be found. For there can
be obtained, wherever it is known to occur, on the one
hand, actual junction specimens consisting of both the
felsite and the altered sedimentary rock of the neighbour-
hood, and, on the other hand, specimens showing an
abrupt transition to red granite, or else a series of inter-
mediate forms between the granite and felsite.
In addition to this, the fragments found at the highest
levels, when subsoil fragments only are available, are
invariably found at or near the border of the granite.
Associated with the type above described are a number
of variants, differing more or less widely in colour and
structure from it and from each other, but equally
constant to their own characters over a wide stretch of
country.
As regards distribution, for twelve miles and more along
the western and southern periphery of the Dartmoor granite,
from Legis Tor in the Plym Valley to Ugborough Beacon)
the rock in question and its variants occur at frequent
intervals, and continuously for considerable lengths; the
details of this district have been worked out. For eight
miles more, to Forder Gully, Pupper's Hill, it occurs at
intervals, but the survey has not been completed. North
of Legis Tor on the west, and north of Pupper's Hill on
vol. xxxiv. 2 K
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
614 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
the east, it is also known, while at the extreme northern
point of the Dartmoor granite it appears at Cosdon Beacon
over Sticklepath, in addition to exposures elsewhere.
This divison of the known localities into sections is, it
must be clearly understood, purely artificial and dependent
solely on the time the writer has been able to devote to
the several localities ; within narrow limits the characters
of the rock are the same wherever observed.
The hardness, compactness, and uniform texture of this
felsite exceptionally qualify it to resist stream and wave
action destructive to softer or more granitic rocks. Accord-
ingly, on the beaches at the mouth of the Yealm and Ermt
its pebbles are found in a proportion compared with the
total number of other granitic and felsite pebbles which
its actual present area of inland exposure would not appear
to justify. In part, no doubt, this must also be explained
by the necessary denudation, before the granite itself could
be uncovered, of any rock which occurs outside and over
the granite.
From Slapton Sands an extreme type of this or a similar
rock has been obtained, which is exactly matched by a
sub-angular fragment (angular in form, but with edges
rounded) obtained from the Permian (?) Breccia at Preston
Lane, near Paignton. For an opportunity of examining
this latter specimen the writer is indebted to Mr. Alexander
Somervail.
The following notes are arranged geographically, com-
mencing at Legis Tor and proceeding southerly and westerly
toward the limit at present reached by the detailed survey.
Legis Tor. CXII. S.E. 10. Long. 4° 0' 50', lot. 50° 28'
19f". In situ.
This specimen was taken from the north-east side of the
pile of rocks crowning Legis Tor in the Plym Valley, the
mass of which is red granite, passing on the east and
north-east into the red felsite which has been described
above. This was the first locality where the latter was
found in situ in its typical form. The junction with the
slate lies a little distance north.
I. Colour, Indian red, translucent at the extreme edge
of thin flakes only. Texture, compact, lithoidal; fracture,
with hand lens, appears somewhat splintery. Specific gravity
2.62. Weathers, light pink and ultimately white; weathered
surfaces very irregular, pitted, and crossed in all directions
by fine ridges corresponding to the quartz cementing the
joints in the unweathered rock. Weathered surfaces are
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 515
easily cut by a knife, or even in extreme cases scraped by
the thumb-nail and reduced to powder.
Quartz, except along the joint faces, is not prominent,
and felspars are practically absent. Spheroids of schorl
occur, some of which are 3 mm. in diameter ; the average
distance between adjacent spheroids is 8 mm.
Another part of the same specimen shows the first steps
toward granitic structure. The ground mass retains its
character, except that the schorl spheroids practically
disappear; bright cleavage surfaces of felspar in Carlsbad
twins appear, the crystals being about 12 mm. in length,
lighter in colour than the ground, and hyaline; an
occasional felspar is white or pale cream, and opaque;
quartz shows some tendency to crystalline form, and schorl
has attacked slightly some of the paler felspars and the
irregular red felspar areas which also occur. The porphyritic
constituents are prominent in this portion of the specimen.
II. Two sections were purposely cut from the inner
portion of the weathered surface at a depth where the
alteration is at its minimum. These bring out very clearly
the banded structure of the rock, which cannot, however,
be detected in the hand specimen.
In one of the sections is a crystal of felspar turbid and
clouded with strings of enclosures or decomposition pro-
ducts ; its outline is irregular and bears no trace of crystal
f orm ; it has every appearance of having been the subject
of partial re-solution ; the lines of flow in the ground mass
bend round this crystal. The other section affords instances
of a similar character, and an instance of the manner
in which schorl has in many of these rocks attacked certain
bands in preference to others. Both sections contain small
felspars partially replaced by schorl, and the second-named
exhibits centric or radial structure in the ground mass when
examined in polarised light.
CXII. S.E. 12. Not in situ. Legis Tor, not far from and
north-east of summit.
I. Precisely similar to last, except that the passage
toward granite is not displayed, and quartz blebs of 8 mm.
diameter and downward occur.
II. The section exhibits a quartz crystal with rounded
and much corroded outline and inclusions of the ground
mass. The crystal is traversed by strings of fluid enclosures
with bubbles, and is also plentifully besprinkled with other
fltiid enclosures which cannot be correlated in strings or
planes. Some of the cavities contain cubic crystals in
2 k 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
516 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
addition to the fluid and bubble. See Figure in text for
drawings of some of these inclusions as well as similar in-
clusions from another locality. In this same section there
is also a small crystal of plagioclase. The general structure
is microgranular and indiscriminate. Dusty ferrite or
hematite is generally distributed and also collected into
numerous little cloudy aggregates.
^1 CX1X.SW.4.
MLK£YS MOOf?~
CXII.SE.I2.
LSC/S TO*
&" O
I 1 I l_
•05MH.
_J
Fluid inclusions with babbles and cubic crystals in Quartz crystals
of Felsite "A." x575.
The ground mass is studded with small colourless or
nearly colourless grains, clear and transparent, and having
very irregular outlines. Ten of these grains were counted
in an area of 2x15 mm., or 3 sq. mm., using magnification
of 60 diameters. The largest grain on the slide is 16 mm.
in diameter and the next largest 09 mm.
It will be necessary to frequently refer to similar grains
in describing other specimens, and it may be well to deal
with the matter in detail at once.
The penologist's microscope has its limitations, and it
would almost appear that these have been reached when
an attempt is made to assign these minute blebs to any
mineral species.
The following description gives all the data. Form
irregular in the extreme, the grain sending out frequent
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 517
small projections, and its surface being irregularly indented ;
some grains are of prismatic habit. The boundary is well
defined by a dark line against the other minerals or the
ground mass, indicating apparently an index of refraction
higher than that of quartz, and more nearly corresponding
to the refractive index of tourmaline. This point, however,
is debatable, since the sharply rounded edges and angles of
the grains might partly account for a dark margin. The
grains are so small that it is impossible in most cases to say
whether the surface has been bared in cutting the section,
or whether, on the other hand, it is still slightly covered
by other mineral or minerals. It does sometimes appear
that the surface is slightly pitted as viewed in reflected
light, which would indicate a refractive index higher than
that of balsam.
There is no doubt that some grains must be described as
colourless, but one may almost be persuaded that others
show a very faint green tinge.
Apparently there are minute enclosures in some instances,
No grain in all the slides gives strong double refraction;
even in cases where the quartz in the same slide gives
bright colours of the first order the grains polarise in
shades of grey only. There is a possible ambiguity here,
since few if any grains extend completely through the
thickness of the slide, and lower tints would be expected
than those given by minerals of the same double refraction
of the full thickness of the section. Still it does at first
appear that the double refraction of the mineral really is
weak.
There is a suspicious likeness in outline between some of
the grains and grains of undoubted tourmaline which occur
on the margin of schorl aggregates in sections of these
rocks.
The questions are, Whether the grains are all of one and
the same mineral or of different minerals; and of what
mineral or minerals?
It is very probable that the grains are not all of one
mineral, although a large majority certainly belong to the
same species. There are difficulties attached to any
identification. If quartz be suggested, then the refraction
is apparently too high and the double refraction too low ;
if tourmaline, the refraction might pass, but the double
refraction would appear to be much too low unless com-
parison is made with the ends of some schorl prisms which,
lying slightly obliquely to the plane of the section, can
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
518 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
sometimes be found cut extremely thin ; some of the grains
are obviously thicker than this. There is no trace of pleo-
chroism, but the colour is so slight, if any, that that could
hardly be expected. If garnet be suggested, then the
refraction would suit, but the double refraction would be
anomalous; many of the grains do certainly suggest an
isotropic substance over and underlain by doubly refract-
ing minerals, and many garnets exhibit anomalous double
refraction. Still there is an entire absence of larger in-
dividuals, such as might reasonably be expected to be
discoverable in hand specimens.
There is a mineral that would fill the rfile perfectly were
it not that some idiomorphic crystals should also be found,
and that is beryl. The suggestion is not far-fetched, since
beryl occurs as a constituent of contact granite near Legis
Tor. It would be a bold thing, however, to claim it as a
prominent constituent of these felsites on the faith of such
observation as can be made on these minute and almost
formless blebs.
The probability appears to be that some grains may be
quartz, the remainder tourmaline; and this suggestion is
strongly supported by an examination of the outliers of
undoubted tourmaline aggregates in certain sections in
which the grains are most thickly distributed. Consider-
ing that many grains are only '008 mm. or, say, ^rnnr of an
inch in diameter, pleochroism and strong double refraction
could hardly be anticipated. Grains which appear isotropic
may be those which happen to correspond to basal sections.
Topaz6 might have been mentioned as one of the possible
minerals to which to attribute these doubtful particles;
but although this occurs at Meldon in a granulite, as first
pointed out by Teall, its double refraction puts it beyond
the range of possibility in the present instance.
The slopes of Legis Tor supply, in addition to the form
of this felsite which has been selected as a type for present
purposes, at least one of the variants which are its constant
companions.
The following specimen is selected as the type of this
variant, because in the first place its appearance is
sufficiently distinctive to make it a rock easily recognised
in the field, and in the second place it has the advantage of
having been found in situ.
5 Topaz is a common constituent of greiaen, and its presence there is
readily understood.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 519
Slope of Zegis Tor, on path to Ditsworthy Warren. CXII.
S.E. 3. Long. 4° 0' 23", lat 50° 23' 20^. In situ.
I. Colour, mottled, warm grey, buff, light Indian red,
splotched with black; general effect a ruddy buff or pale
red. Texture, lithoidal; fracture minutely saccharine, but
texture is compact ; the rock cubes well under the hammer.
Specific gravity, 2-57. Weathers, buff to very pale cream,
practically white.
Grains of quartz of 6 mm. diameter and under are
fairly frequent. Areas of crystalline felspar with im-
perfect outline occur. One such area is 20 mm. long by
10 mm. wide ; smaller felspars are more perfectly developed,
and are to be seen in every ordinary-sized hand specimen,
while pieces have to be picked to show the larger. The
felspars range in colour from pale cream to rich Indian red.
Spheroids and aggregates of minutely crystalline schorl are
frequent; the larger patches are frequently 8 mm. or
more in diameter, and in some instances are pseudo-
morphs after felspar areas.
To afford an idea of the relative frequence of the more
prominent minerals an area 50 mm. x 35 mm., casually
examined without a lens, supplied four small felspars, ten
quartz blebs of varying size, and fifty spots of schorl, some
of the latter under 1 mm. but eight over 4 mm. in
diameter.
II. The section is cut from a buff and light red portion
of the rock. With a magnification of 60 diameters the
ground mass is clearly divisible into light red or buff felspar
and granular quartz. The felspar predominates and forms
a ground in which the quartz grains are set. There are no
considerable areas of uniform extinction of either mineral
discernible with polarised light, and indeed the felspar is seen
under higher powers to largely consist of irregular micro-
lites, ragged, bent, and mutually interfering, yet some
sufficiently developed to exhibit simple twinning. Only a
portion of one of the small porphyritic orthoclase crystals
happens to have been included in the section.
Small quartz crystals with rounded and corroded
boundaries occur, and these are crowded with fluid en-
closures, by far the greater number of which are furnished
not only with bubbles, but also cubic crystals, clearly
discernible with a magnification of 240 diameters.
A large schorl spheroid is seen to consist of brown, green,
and blue tourmaline, with a considerable admixture of
quartz. The tourmaline has an ill-defined radial arrange-
Digitized by VjOOQIC
520 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
ment ; it is partly granular, and partly occurs as irregular
short prisms.
The slide is traversed by a narrow crack infilled with
quartz, which contains small needles of tourmaline. The
rock is a quartz-orthoclase-tourmaline felsite, with micro-
granular structure tending in places toward the micro-
pegmatitic. Small grains of almost colourless tourmaline
are frequent in places in addition to the coloured variety.
There is no doubt that it is very near the slate, but
although it is obtainable in situ, the actual junction has
not yet been found.
Legis Lake, western bank, just outside Brisworthy Farm
enclosure. CXII. S.E. 9. Long. 4° 1' 12", lot. 50° 28' 16".
Not in situ.
I. Kindred to the last; texture of ground mass a little
more compact. Olive-brown hyaline felspars, and Indian
red opaque felspars. The olive variety shows the more
perfect forms, but is frequently mingled with or surrounded
by the red. The red colouration of this rock is mainly
confined to the felspar areas.
Legis Tor, south-west from summit, about half-way to
the river. CXII. S.E. 18. Long. 4° 0' 48", lot. 50° 28' 13|*.
Not in situ.
L Kindred to two last; texture of ground mass more
compact Colour, warm grey to pink. Texture, compact,
lithoidaL Weathers, nearly white. Weathered surfaces
show a pseudo-lamination, and are soft enough to leave
a dust on the fingers when the specimen is handled
Quartz and pink felspar crystals stand out prominently
from this surface ; the felspars are softer than those in the
body of the rock and paler in colour, some of the latter
being a fine Indian red. Porphyritic crystals of olive-
coloured hyaline felspar are present. Schorl is plentifully
but fairly minutely distributed.
II. The ground mass is light buff, and appears minutely
granular in ordinary light ; with polarised light and magnifi-
cations of 740 diameters and over it appears dappled but
hopelessly indiscriminate. It is absolutely crowded with
ovoid and irregular grains of a colourless or very pale
green mineral of high refractive index, sometimes isotropic
when a grain is sufficiently large to occupy the greater part
of the thickness of a section, in which case it is probably
viewed basally. There can be little doubt that this mineral
is tourmaline. So closely are these tourmalines set that
areas of 15 mm. by '05 mm., or "0075 sq. mm. contain on
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 521
the average about forty separate grains. Not only do they
appear in the ground mass, but also as enclosures in the
felspar crystals. The majority of the grains range from
•008 to *002 mm. in diameter ; some reach '07 mm. It is
these tourmalines which give the granular appearance to
the matrix.
Quartz crystals with rounded outlines are present, and
include portions of the ground mass containing tourma-
lines (?). Fluid enclosures with bubbles and cubic crystals
are common.
Cloudy brown orthoclase microlites are frequent, and an
occasional larger specimen (1 mm. long or thereabouts)
shows good crystal outline. There is one skeleton crystal
of orthoclase in the slide with which are associated two
smaller crystals, which, had the larger completed its growth,
would have appeared as inclusions. This skeleton crystal
•has been attacked at both ends and partly replaced by
tourmaline. Throughout the slide aggregations of tourma-
line (schorl) can be found, strongly suggesting pseudomorphs
>ifter felspar microlites.
One felspar contains fibres of a mineral of strong double
refraction, which may be mica ; if so, it is the only indica-
tion of the presence of that mineral in the rock.
From a point a little north of CXII. S.E. 3 the junction
of the granitic rocks and the slate runs a little south of
east toward Hen Tor, turning when it reaches Hen Tor
Brook (otherwise Wallabrook) and running north-east or
thereabouts to Shavercombe waterfall; thence it doubles
back to a little south of the actual summit of Eastern Tor,
and thence westerly to a point a little south of Gutter Tor.
The loop of slate overlying the granite reaches a point
which at Shavercombe waterfall is over one and a quarter
miles distant from its limit as shown on the unrevised
Geological Survey.6
Where the line of junction passes under the detritus in
the Plym Valley it is necessarily obscured, but at or near
Hen Tor Brook its location can be fixed with fair certainty.
Hen Tor Brook. CXII. S.E. 11. Long. 3° 59' 41", lat. 50° 28'
11*. Not in situ. A small boulder or large unrounded
9 It is well to remember that the original geological survey around Dart-
moor is frequently inaccurate. Lieu ten ant- General McMahon (Q.J.Q.S.,
Aug., 1893, vol. xlix. p. 387) suggests that much of the mapping in this
part of Devonshire seems to have been filled in from surface boulders and
stray stones in walls. And the present writer has referred in an Appendix to
one of the Dartmoor Committee s Reports to a glaring instance at Whittor,
near Mary Tavy.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
522 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
stone from a beach on Hen Tor Brook at a point a little
below the junction of the felsite and the slate.
L Colour, dark Indian red. Texture, compact, sub-
vitreous ; fracture conchoidal and smooth. Specific gravity,
2*633; a fair percentage of schorl may possibly somewhat
raise the specific gravity.
Weathers, light buff to cream ; the weathered surface is
pitted in a highly irregular manner, which would hardly be
expected in a rock so homogeneous in apparent texture.
See Plate IL Fig. 2 for photograph, full size, of such surface.
This specimen came from the bed of the Plym below Hen
Tor Brook. Minute blebs of quartz are the sole porphyritic
constituent ; rarely a grain may reach 1 \ mm. in diameter.
Irregular aggregates of schorl and specks of the same
material are tolerably uniformly distributed through the
rock. No trace of banded structure can be detected.
IL This rock has been selected for illustration (see Plate III.
Figs. 1 and 2). Fig. 1 shows a portion of the slide magnified
365 diameters and viewed in ordinary light Fig. 2 shows
another portion of the same slide magnified 400 diameters
and viewed with crossed nicols. Both figures are half-tone
blocks from photographs, and in Fig. 2 especially there has
been some loss consequent on the processes of photography
and reproduction. A somewhat minuter granulation should
be visible, not more distinct than that shown, and of identi-
cal character. The section from which these photographs
were taken is under '02 mm. in thickness.
Matrix, light orange-brown, somewhat more granular in
some parts than in others, and the more granular portions
appear the clearer. The appearance of minute interlocked
granulation is elusive, whether viewed with polarised light
or with ordinary. The boundaries of the grains frequently
appear to be marked out by dark outlines in polarised light,
but this, with the most critical inspection, amounts only
to a line mottling added to and superimposed on the usual
dappled appearance.
Bright red to brown ferrite is scattered through the slide
in minute dust, with an occasional larger fleck or little
cloudy aggregate.
Blue-green schorl appears in prisms and irregular plates
of involved outline. Its basal sections are six-sided, and
it also occurs in a circular form.
In neither of the two slides cut from this specimen is
there a sign of a felspar microlite or crystal One or two
aggregates of schorl do, however, look like pseudomorphs
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PLATE III.
• $ rim
1
•
*
•
P
-
•
Fig. 1. CXII. S.E. 11. Section x 365 lin. Ordinary light.
Fig. 2. CXII. S.E. 11. Section x400 lin. Crossed Nicols.
Pxtrooraphy of Dartmoor. Part I.— To face p. 522.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
523
after this mineral, and one may have a little residual felspar
in the centre.
The schorl is sometimes accompanied by a minute quartz
mosaic, and sometimes by an occasional bright red irregular
plate of ferrite(?).
Liquid inclusions with bubbles occur in the one quartz
bleb visible, but no cubic crystals appear in the liquid ; this
absence may, however, be a mere chance, as the quartz area
is very small
Minute tourmaline (?) grains are extremely numerous in
the matrix, excelling in number those in specimen CXIL
S.E. 9. Some of the minutest grains are decidedly blue-green
in colour. The accompanying figure, the magnification of
CXII. SE.II.
HENTOR BROOK
Grains of Tourmaline in CXII. S.E. 11. x 800. Felsite "A."
which is approximately 300 diameters, will give an idea
of the appearance of the larger of these granules gathered
from various parts of the slides. A few of more ordinary
size have been included in the figure for comparison. These
are really drawings of solid objects, and the markings within
the outline indicate the contour of the surface.
In following up the course of the Hen Tor or Walla Brook
from CXII. S.E. 11. less compact forms of this felsite are
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
524 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
plentifully found. Quartz becomes more frequent, and
prominent large red tabular felspars are developed as-
sociated with smaller hyaline felspars of pale cream colour,
with very perfect cleavage. Large masses of rock occur in
which there are in addition numerous small schorl aggre-
gates very uniformly distributed. These spots of schorl are
from 1J to 3 mm. in diameter, and are on the average
4*25 mm. apart measured from centre to centre. Their
presence gives the rock a very regular spotted appearance.
On weathered surfaces these little nests of schorl persist
as little knobs standing above the general level. The
rock is found practically in situ.
Immediately above Shaverconibe Waterfall, CXIII. S.W. 4,
long. 3° 58' 50", lat. 50° 28' 35J", the red felsite is to be
found in situ.
The vitreous lustre of the more typical form is lost in
this specimen, as is often the case where this rock touches
the slate. Specimens are obtainable containing a slightly
granular variety of the felsite thick-set with quartz granules,
a coarse granite, and a highly altered slate.
Below the waterfall the junction of the slate and a coarse
granite is exposed in situ.
This is not the right stage at which to discuss the reasons
for the divergence from the general rule, but it may be right
to note in passing that, although exceptional, it is not so
very rare to find a junction between a coarse-grained granite
and the slates, and that there are instances where for a
short distance the granite in contact with the sedimentaries
may even be coarser than the mass of granite of the neigh-
bourhood.
Colour cannot in itself be taken as a constant dis-
tinguishing feature of any felsite. There occurs on Hen
Tor a banded rock with conchoidal fracture and slightly
splintery or broken surfaces which macroscopically and
microscopically is readily recognisable as a variant of the
red felsite, although its colour is a fairly uniform warm
buff. It has not been found in situ.
Another rock, not found in situ, is dull puce in colour,
and develops small porphyritic crystals of bright Indian red
felspar; this is yet one more variant of the same felsite, and
also occurs associated with it on Hanger Down, several
miles from Hen Tor.
Following the margin of the granite southward, after
retracing our steps to Eingmoor Down, the first point at
which the rock we are dealing with is again met with will
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 525
be Shaugh Lake Clay Works, CXII. S.E. 21, long. 4° 1' 41",
lat. 50° 27' 30", not in situ. Here it occurs as occasional
fragments which, when broken, are found to be nearly
bleached through their whole thickness; a patch of unaltered
material here and there renders the identification certain.
The fragments are obviously not in situ, but form a part of
the head over the clay, and are derived from the hill above.
As they lie at Shaugh Lake they would be well within the
border of the granite.
On Saddleborough, above the clay works, the parent rock is
found under circumstances which leave no doubt of its being,
to all intents and purposes, in situ. It occurs slightly
to the east of the brow of the hill, and one of the best
localities for obtaining it is the track leading from Shaugh
to Lee Moor.
Saddleborough, CXVIII. KE. 2. Long. 4° 2' 2," lot.
50° 26' 56". Practically in situ. Selected as a type from
this locality ; lies on the border of the granite.
I. Colour, dull Indian red, slightly translucent at edge of
chips. Texture, compact, lithoidal, somewhat vitreous;
fracture, flat conchoidal, broken surfaces smooth. Specific
gravity, 2-64. Weathers, buff to white. Very small quartz
blebs the only visible porphyritic constituent. An occa-
sional grain of schorl In fresher specimens the vitreous
nature of the rock is emphasised.
II. Ground mass has somewhat the reticulate appearance
which has previously been described in other specimens.
Some small and irregular blebs of quartz are present, with
one crystal, which has accomplished an almost perfect outline;
liquid enclosures with bubbles and cubic crystals are very
frequent. Felspars of lighter colour than ground mass are
developed at wide intervals; these have much corroded
outlines and are very turbid.
Blue schorl with associated quartz occurs in nests which
from their form suggest replacements of similar felspars.
Granular tourmaline is thickly scattered over the whole
slide; it is blue in colour, and in this case at least there
is no doubt as to the identification of the granules. The
ground mass corresponds closely to that of CXII. S.E. 11.
Southward on Collard Tor there are red granular felsites,
but these cannot be claimed as bearing any family re-
semblance to the vitreous rock whose localities are now
being traced. The "Census of Devonian Granites and
Felsites " gives, however (p. 190), " Collard Tor (near) — red,
weathering to pale pink: vitreous felsite weathering to
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526 PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS.
earthy, with a few small granules and pyramidal crystals of
quartz (the disappearance of some of which have left
cavities) and light patches where crystallisation has begun
in the felspathic base." The specimen is in the writer's
possession, and it is only necessary to add that there are
small crystals and aggregates of schorl here and there in
the rock. Kecent search has not revealed the exact locality
from which this specimen came ; it is a typical example of
the red felsite.
All the specimens hitherto described can be matched from
the collection on which the census of granites and felsites
was based. The references are : Hen Tor, page 195, first
item, second item, third item. Plym Valley (Cadover), page
200, sixteenth item. Plym Valley, page 201, fifth item,
tenth item.
From Collard Tor southward and eastward there appears
to be a considerable interval, from which this felsite is
absent; it is by no means certain, however, that further
search will not result in its discovery.
The next exposure is on the bank of a stream flowing
down the slope of Pen Beacon, between Highouse Waste
and Rook Tor, and joining Broadall Lake at Dendles Green.
Here the rock lies between the granite and the slate, and
junction specimens with the slate are obtainable.
CXIX. N.W. 8'. Long. 3° 57' 37", lot, 50° 26' 28". Iniit*.
I. Colour, Indian red, translucent at edges of thin flakes.
Texture, compact, lithoidal, subvitreous. Fracture, flat con-
choidal, smooth to slightly splintery. Specific gravity, 2-65.
Weathers, lighter shades to white. Weathered surface some-
times indicates banded structure, and quartz and schorl
stand out from the surfaces attacked.
Small quartz blebs are fairly numerous; some quartz
crystals reach 12 mm. in length.
Hyaline, cream-coloured felspars of 4 to 10 mm. in
length are not uncommon. Larger felspars of a light olive-
buff, and with very perfect cleavage and bright cleavage
faces, reach as much as 4 to 5 cms. in length and 2*5 cms.
in width. These are not frequent. Spheroids of schorl
from 1 to 3 mm. in diameter, are irregularly distributed
through the mass. Some joint faces are lined with schorl
II. Usual structure of this rock. Ill-defined felspar
microlites and small crystals sparingly present ; larger fel-
spar areas, representing the large crystals, exactly correspond
to description of the type (see page 513). Brown and green
schorl, which has attacked and replaced some of the small
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PETROGRAPHY OF DARTMOOR AND ITS BORDERS. 527
felspars. Tourmaline granules in the ground mass are not
very numerous.
Quartz in much corroded forms with numerous fluid
enclosures, which in turn enclose bubbles and cubic crystals.
Ground mass granular but indiscriminate ; in places,
however, has a distinct tendency toward micro-pegmatite,
and with a power of 500 diameters portions of the felspar
can be discriminated from the quartz.
Geographically this affords, perhaps, as convenient a place
as any at which to pause. For the purposes of the paper
enough has been written to show, even should the work
stand at the point now reached, that there exists on the
border of the granite a rock, not continuously but at
intervals, which carries its characteristics practically un-
altered at its various exposures. Apparently merely a
chilled granite, and cotemporaneous with the intrusion of the
mass, it points from its constancy of form, structure, and
composition to an original uniformity of the magma from
which the Dartmoor granite has consolidated, which will,
perhaps, prove to have been unsuspected by most observers.
In following the work up, if opportunity serve and the
patience of the Association permit, less detail as to this one
rock will in the future be necessary, since its small varia-
tions have already been largely described. If the work is
yet further extended, it will be found that there are other
and numerous felsites and felsitic rocks that similarly occur
true to their individual character at intervals over the
expanse of the moor, and under, to some extent, constant
conditions. Side by side with the great variety afforded
by the igneous rocks of Dartmoor there is a remarkable
uniformity discoverable over the whole area, and exhibited
by series of most widely separated types.
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SOME FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE TEIGN
AND ITS VALLEY.
BY ALRX. 80MBRVAIL.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1903.)
Last year at the Exeter meeting I had the pleasure of com-
municating two short papers on this subject, and now
desire to add to these a few further observations.
In my second paper, page 522, I stated that it was
probable that the gorge of the Teign might have been
partially excavated as early as the interval between the
close of the Cretaceous, and the beginning of the Tertiary
formations.
To a certain extent this early denudation may have pre-
pared the way for the later excavation of the gorge; not
that the Teign itself — as we now know it — was then in
existence; the origin of which, I think, can hardly be re-
ferred to an earlier period than after the close of the
Oligocene clays and lignites of the Bovey basin.
The late Mr. Pengelly, F.R.S., however, believed otherwise,
as he says, " The Teign and Bovey rivers were then in exist-
ence, but instead of the latter being tributary to the
former, their mouths were three miles apart, and both fell
into the same deep, sluggish, fresh-water lake." *
Whatever river or rivers from Dartmoor, or from else-
where, contributed to the deposits which ultimately filled up
the ancient lake of Bovey Tracey, it is almost certain that
the river Teign — the Teign of to-day, or the Teign as we
now know it — had not its present course marked out until
long after the close of the Oligocene; or even after the
Miocene, although this period is quite unrepresented in
England.
My reasons for such conclusions are as follows : —
1 "The Lignite of Bovey Tracey " (1863), p. 19.
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OBSERVATIONS ON THE TEIGN AND ITS VALLEY. 529
1. The river Teign has cut a portion of its channel
through these Oligocene deposits, which now occupy the
Bovey basin.
2. These Oligocene beds had not only been consolidated,
or partially consolidated, but had also been tilted from their
original horizontal position, and had likewise been faulted
by subsequent earth-movements, before the present channel
of the Teign had been cut through them.
3. These earth-movements happened long subsequent to
the consolidation of the beds, and are most likely connected
with the later great Continental movements which effected
the elevation of the Alps in their closing stages. We are
thus much too apt to undervalue the great length of time
which must have separated the newest of the Bovey beds
from the first excavation of the channel of the Teign
through them, and the oldest deposits laid down by the
river, viz. those of early Pleistocene age as described in my
first paper.
Between these periods very considerable changes in the
physical features of the area in question must have resulted
from the disturbing movements just referred to ; and it was
certainly subsequent to these changes that the Teign had its
present course marked out.
Mr. J. H. Key, in a paper contributed to the Geological
Society of London,2 contends that the river Teign at one
time, instead of emptying itself into the sea at Teignmouth,
as it now does, flowed, by way of Kingskerswell, through the
valley now occupied by Torre railway station to the sea in
Torbay.
The Rev. S. Baring-Gould, in his interesting book on
Devon, also repeats this view.
That the Teign at any former period ever flowed in the
direction mentioned above is exceedingly improbable from
the contour of the surface near Newton Abbot, where it is
deflected towards Teignmouth. It is also contradicted by
both negative and positive evidence.
In no portion of the Tor valley is there any vestige or
trace of old river gravels or terraces; neither is there any
river detritus in its bottom or lower levels.
When the present course of the river is examined, traces
of old river gravels at a considerable elevation above its
present level are found on both sides of its banks, which
must have been formed at a remote period in the Teign's
2 Quar. Jour. Oeol. Soc, vol. xviii. (1862), p. 16.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 L
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530 OBSERVATIONS ON THE TEIGN AND ITS VALLEY.
past history. This alone seems to be a convincing argu-
ment that the present is also the ancient course of the
river.
The mouth of the Teign does not seem to furnish us with
any decisive evidence of any alteration in the level of the
land that may have taken place during the historic perioi
There are proofs, however, that during the prehistoric
period the land stood at a lower level than at present. As
has been pointed out, the town of Teignmouth is built on
deposits of sand, containing marine shells found at a few
feet below the level of the present streets.
Still more conclusive is the fact that as high as Newton
Abbot, at the site of the gasworks, there is a bed of sandy
mud containing shells of Ostrea edulis and Scrobictdark
peperata, the latter present in great abundance.
This bed Mr. Pengelly8 has described as 11 feet in thick-
ness, in which was found a human skull and bones. The
bed in question is about 1,100 feet from the right shore of
the present estuary of the Teign, and is 2-14 feet above the
equinoctial spring-tide level at Newton.
8 Trans. Edin. Oeol. Soc., vol vi. p. 37.
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DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
BT FREDERICK BLIOH BOND, P.R.I.B.A.
ASSISTED BT ARTHUR L. RADFORD.
(Read at Bldeford, July, 1902.)
Among all the ancient features of ecclesiastical buildings
having a liturgical or symbolic use, there are none of more
universal occurrence and none better worthy of study than
the chancel screens.
The survival of examples of screens dating from almost
every period, no less than their frequent mention in ancient
records, clearly shows that from the earliest days of Christi-
anity down to modern times the screen has been regarded
as a necessary adjunct to divine worship, and it is only
with the complete decay of symbolism and indifference to
all external signs of beauty in the sanctuary, which reached
its lowest depth at the close of the eighteenth century in
England, that the value of the chancel screen was no longer
perceived.
In the days of the Evangelical movement in the early
nineteenth century, screens, together with other symbolic
features, were viewed with something worse than in-
difference— a positive dislike and suspicion, and owing to
the gross ignorance then prevailing amongst the country
clergy the screen was too often regarded as a mere survival
of superstitious usage — a relic of Papal domination much
better swept away.
Prejudice is hard to kill, and when fortified by ignorance
is overwhelmingly strong, and thus it happens that even
at the present day there are to be found among the clergy
many earnest men of narrow views, who not only think
a chancel screen a superfluity or a thing of no value, but
even regard it with suspicion as savouring of Rome.
But it may be very clearly shown that the screens which
2 l 2
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532 DEVONSHIEE SCREENS AND EOOD LOFTS.
exist in such abundance are not only not superstitious and
not a relic of the Pope's dominion ; that they are not even
a mediaeval invention, but a feature of the primitive church;
and further, that their use is expressly ordained by those
who guided our Church at the great Eeformation.
Even in the days of the Puritans screens were almost
always suffered to remain, although the figures they bore
were defaced, whilst in the days of the Stuart dynasty, and
down even to the days of the Georges, screens were from
time to time erected after the old custom, and this practice
only ceased when all interest in the form of public worship
and the maintenance of God's House reached the lowest
ebb.
It may be accepted as a fact that the only branch of the
Church Catholic in which screens have not always been
regarded as a necessity from the earliest times, and in which
the modern practice is to dispense with them, is the Church
of Rome.
The English Church, on the other hand, more faithful to
the most ancient and venerable principles of her worship,
has always maintained them, and now possesses a greater
abundance of them than other countries.
It is necessary to say a few words on the early history
of screens in order to clear the ground for a better under-
standing of the nature of those we find in our own churches.
In the first days of Christianity the churches were divided
by screens or veils such as had been used in the Jewish
temple. Durandus tells us that a triple veil was used, one
dividing the people from the clergy, one between the clergy
and the sanctuary, and one shrouding the altar.
The Armenian, Coptic, and Abyssinian churches have
maintained the ancient arrangement to the present day,
either latticed screens or veils being used.
In the early British Church the use of screens is recorded,
and it is probable that these were composed of rushes
plaited into beautiful designs, and that the patterns we see
incised on Celtic stonework (e.g. the Copleston cross) were
copies of these. It is worthy of notice in this connection
that there is a traditional character of ornament in the
screen work in the Cornish and Welsh districts, where we
commonly find a preference for patterns of twisted and
interlaced tendril work, indicating a survival of far earlier
methods of design, and these are the districts where the
ancient Church held her ground in the days of the Saxons.
In the Anglo-Saxon and Norman churches the effective
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JDEVONSHIRB SCEBBNS AND ROOD LOFTS. 533
division of nave and chancel was secured by an opening of
narrow proportions, and across this a veil or curtain was
hung, rendering a framed screen unnecessary.
In the thirteenth century the chancel arches were
generally wider, and we may assume that a screen rather
than a veil was employed, for we have several screens of
this period remaining.
In the fourteenth century screen work became more
elaborate, and wood was more largely employed owing
to better methods of workmanship. Many beautiful
instances remain, but scarcely any in Devonshire, and the
reason is, I think, correctly stated by the late G. E. Street,
who says, speaking of the paucity of examples of Cornish
wood-work earlier than the fifteenth century : —
"Of the movable furniture of churches of the middle
pointed period I have not seen one remnant.
"Both screens, stalls, and all other fittings seem to have been
swept away before the carvers of the fifteenth and the sixteenth
century."
It must be remembered, however, that a very large
number of the churches of Devon and Cornwall were either
built or to a large extent rebuilt in the fifteenth century.
Still the lack of earlier remains of screen work is significant
and seems to need some further explanation.
Until the fourteenth century the use of screens had been
a simple one. They served as a division between nave and
chancel,1 and it is probable that they also furnished a sup-
port for the rood, as we learn by ancient records that not
only roods but images of St. Mary and St. John were
occasionally to be found in churches of this period. There
are evidences, nevertheless, in many churches of the ex-
istence of a rood beam independent of the screen which
would have supported the rood and figure.
At Sherford and Plympton are sockets, and at Staverton
are corbels in the spandrels of the nave arcade westward
of the screen, obviously meant to take a rood beam. Prob-
ably this was a very usual arrangement at a time anterior
to the erection of rood lofts.2
But with the fourteenth century other customs crept in,
and the use of screens became more complex. As the
cult of saints increased, the idea of an " Iconostasis " or
image-bearing screen was developed. Then came the addition
1 The word "chancel" being derived from the "cancelli," or latticed
screens which enclosed it a See Bloxam, ii. p. 42.
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534 DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
of the rood loft or gallery over the screen, a feature having an
origin distinct from that of the screen itself, being first intro-
duced as a more convenient substitute for the "analogia" or
"ambones" formerly employed for the reading of the epistle
and gospel, etc.
This arrangement, first taking effect in the larger churches
— cathedral or collegiate — about the fourteenth century,
seems to have been almost universally adopted in the
English parish churches a century later, and also very
generally in Western and North-Western Europe, although
in the Eastern church the screen and the loft have always
remained separate.8
The rood loft was thus, in its inception, to all intents and
purposes a large pulpit, and would have been so employed
until separate pulpits once more became the order of the
day. But as rood lofts continued to be erected for quite a
century after the reintroduction of pulpits, it is obvious that
we must look further afield for their raison d'Stre, particularly
in a district distinguished, like Devonshire, for the abundance
of its fifteenth and sixteenth century pulpits.
That many uses were assigned to these lofts our old
churchwardens' accounts clearly show, and a systematic
examination of these records would be most helpful in this
connection.
That they were employed as musicians' galleries before, as
well as after, the Keformation seems clear, and this may
have been their principal function. The parish accounts of
St. Petrock, Exeter, under date 1472-3, contain a reference
to the making of a seat for the organist.
At Tong (Salop) a mediaeval organ formerly stood over the
screen. The rood loft at Dunster has a rectangular bay
eastward over the doors, giving space on the floor of the loft
suitable for an organ ; and the same may be seen at Mont-
gomery, where a very perfect rood loft has survived.
We know also that it was the ancient custom to expose
the sacred elements either on the rood lofts or on the altars
attached to them, the altars in question being both under
the loft and also upon it. Traces remain of several of the
latter.
Other furniture of these lofts consisted of lecterns of
metal, or wood, or of stone, as at TattershalL
In the curious sixteenth - century screen at Priziac
(Morbihan) is a reading-desk in the form of a swan, placed
over the eastward side of the gallery.
* Eierurgia Anglicana, pp. 67-8.
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DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS. 535
Metal holders or coronals were attached to the gallery
rails for the rood lights, and these were filled with tapers,
which were lit on solemn feast days.
Branches of trees were set up in the rood loft at Christmas
and Whitsuntide, and they were occasionally decorated with
flowers.
Another use for these galleries, mentioned by the Eev.
S. Baring-Gould, is a liturgical one. During Lent the rule
was to shroud all the images. Accordingly the gallery
formed a convenient means of access for the veiling of the
crucifix and attendant images.
Whatever the cause which first led to their introduction
into parish churches of the fifteenth century, it is certain
that rood lofts speedily became universal, except in some
of the smaller churches, and the earlier screen work was
everywhere removed to make room for the more solid and
appropriately constructed framework of the screen support-
ing the rood loft.
Among the few instances of woodwork which seems to
have escaped destruction at the time the rood lofts were
placed in the churches, are some of the parclose screens
which are, without doubt, of earlier design than the rood
screens.
Instances of this may be seen at Ashton and Halberton,
and in the chancel screen at Welcombe.
It is beyond question that almost every church in
Devonshire and the adjoining counties was furnished at
one time with its rood loft and gallery front surmounting
the chancel screen, and evidence of this may be seen in
the staircases so frequently met with in the walls of north
and south aisles of the churches, having doors admitting
to the original gallery floor. These are altogether too
numerous to particularise, but further evidence of the
existence of these galleries across the entire width of the
church is supplied by the survival in several instances of
openings pierced in the spandrels of the nave arcade
between the arches admitting to the central section of
the rood loft to the parts north and south. Where, as
was sometimes the case, the screen stood between the piers
of the arcade, this would have been a necessity, or at least
a great convenience; but on the other hand many of the
screens stood entirely clear of the nave piers and at some
distance in front of them, and I think there is good reason
to suppose that this was done to secure an uninterrupted
passage from end to end.
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536 DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
Evidence of the existence of highly enriched gallery fronts
is also fairly abundant, not only in the large number of
fragments yet remaining of carved work which originally
came from that position, but also in the marks which are
left in many cases, showing where the upright framework
abutted against the walls and was mortised into the beam.
In certain very small churches a rood loft was not fixed,
perhaps because the proportions of the building were too
limited. Instead, the crest of the chancel screen served to
support the rood and the images of St Mary and St. John,
or these were attached to the face of the screen as at
Brushford (by Lapford).
In spite of the terrible havoc wrought by the Cromwellian
soldiers and the far more horrid devastation which took
place during the nineteenth century, under the auspices of
ignorant but too zealous vicars and churchwardens, aided by
colleagues more guilty still, wretched surveyors who, under
the name of restoration, have modernised and commercialised
so many of our churches, there yet remain in the county of
Devon alone some hundred and fifty more or less perfect
specimens of these glorious screens, monuments of the piety
of our forefathers, and witnesses to their marvellous artistic
ability and training.
To attempt a list of these would not be possible within
the limits of this paper, but I hope to give them in extenso
later on in the more exhaustive treatise which I have
planned, with the help of my friend Mr. Eadford.
I append, however, a list of screens the dates of whose
destruction or removal are on record ; and from this it will
be evident that my strictures upon nineteenth-century van-
dalism are but too well founded.
The list, alas! represents but a minority of the screens
removed or broken up, chiefly in the nineteenth century,
either from motives of ignorance and prejudice, or for the
sake of fancied convenience, tidiness, and a disinclination
to incur the expenses incidental to repair.
Of those screens which have been renovated, it cannot, I
fear, be truly said of many that anything like a real restora-
tion has been effected. Much of the new work done has
been of a cheap and mechanical type, whilst the " restorers "
have been sadly regardless of tradition.
Architects have been much to blame; and where an
opportunity for a thorough restoration or the erection of a
new screen has offered itself, they have not even troubled to
study local detail, or to conform to local type, but have
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DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS. 537
either gone far afield for their model, or worse still, have
evolved from their inner consciousness a more or less un-
gainly hybrid.
The purveyor of cheap church outfits — the ecclesiastical
"Whiteley" — has also been very much to the fore of late
years, and has but too often succeeded in foisting his wares
upon a confiding clergy, who should be on their guard against
the seductive cheapness of articles offered in illustrated
catalogues — manufactured wholesale and entirely destitute
of real artistic merit It were better to have no screen at
all than a commercial one.
No county in England is without its screens, but three
districts are pre-eminent for the possession of an abundance
of such monuments of the choicest kind. They are as
follows: —
1. East Anglia (including Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cam-
bridge).
2. Devonshire (including West Somerset and Cornwall).
3. The Welsh Border (including parts of Denbigh,
Montgomery, Radnor, and Brecon, with the parts of Shrop-
shire, Hereford, and Monmouth adjoining).
In other counties we find with a few exceptions screens of
less interesting character and inferior execution.
It is worthy of note that the districts most rich in wooden
screens are those in which the native stone is intractable, as
in Devon and Wales, or where stone cannot be found, as in
East Anglia. Sculptors were forced back upon wood in these
localities, as the only material suitable for fine carving, and
thus they learned to make the most of the good qualities of
the oak, which in those days grew so freely in England, and
was known as the " Weed of Wales."
Each district mentioned possesses its own peculiar type of
screens, the Devonshire type being quite distinct from any
other. The Devonshire screens were for the most part the
work of local carvers, of whom many schools must have
existed in the villages and country towns in the fifteenth,
sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. They were often
erected as a result of the parishioners' own effort, and in-
stances are recorded in which they were due to the generosity
of churchwardens. The reason for this will be better under-
stood when it is remembered that our parish churches before
the Reformation were the property of the parish so far as the
nave and its aisles were concerned, whilst the chancel be-
longed to the clergy.
Churches in Devonshire relied chiefly upon their screens
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538 DBVONSHIKB SCKEKNS AND EOOD LOFTS.
for an effective division between these parts of the church,
and it will thus be seen how entirely necessary, upon this
ground alone, the screen would have been. The church, being
parish property, was no doubt freely used by the people for
meetings and general purposes, and it has been very truly
spoken of as being in those days " the poor man's parlour.11
There is no doubt that the average humble villager or
townsman of the period preceding the Eeformation regarded
his church with a sort of affectionate sense of proprietorship,
and strove by all means in his power to beautify and adorn
it, adding to it treasures of art wrought by his own hands.
In those days the word " churchwarden " had a better signifi-
cation than to-day, for the wardens of those days vied with
one another in making their churches veritable storehouses
of beautiful things, and were reverent custodians of the
treasures committed to their care.4
The screens are thus mainly the result of local effort, but
here and there we find unmistakable traces of foreign work-
manship. This is the exception, and was often the outcome
of the generosity of a prelate or local magnate, who had
perhaps visited foreign parts and brought over workmen to
apply their skill on an English subject.
Of such origin are screens like that at Kenton, on which
may be seen a great deal of Flemish handiwork, and which
was the gift of Bishop Courtenay; and the beautiful flam-
boyant screens at Colebrooke, Coleridge, and Brushford, one,
if not more, of which may be traced to the munificence of Sir
John Evans, Kt, who was concerned in the French wars, and
who must have brought over an artificer from Normandy or
Brittany to carve his screens, as the work bears an unmis-
takable likeness to screens still standing over there, notably
to the screen at Saint Fiacre-le-Faouet, in Finist&re.
Other screens, as those at Holbeton, betray a Spanish in-
fluence, but whether these or any other were taken off
Spanish vessels captured by British is more than doubtful,
in spite of the frequently heard legends to that effect.
The legend, for instance, which affirms that the screen at
Kenton was intercepted on its way to lima, for whose cathe-
dral it was intended, cannot be true, for the screen is
obviously made to fit the church, and this was built about
half a century earlier, whilst the city of lima was not even
founded until 1535.
A large number of screens in Devonshire exhibit an ad-
mixture of Italian detail, and in some this is very pro-
4 See Before the Great Pillage, by Dr. A. Jessopp.
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DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS. 539
nounced. Screens of this type are found in various parts of
the county, and those of Swymbridge, Lapford, Atherington,
Morchard Bishop, Poltimore, Bridford, Lustleigh, Marwood,
and South Fool are instances.
These screens are of late date,6 and executed at a time
when Italian models were much studied, and there can be
little doubt that English workmen were to some extent being
educated in the style ; but it is also probable that there were
then in the country a large number of Italians who had
been brought over for special works, and having done them
were free to turn their hand to the carving of these screens.
None of . the screens are of purely foreign design, though
some are very largely so.
The characteristic features of a typical Devonshire screen
may be described as follows : —
It is generally composed of moulded standards, or main
mullions, about 2 feet 9 nine inches or 3 feet apart and
from 6 inches to 9 inches diameter, framed with a cill and a
transom rail set about 3 feet 6 inches from the floor — the
space between cill and transom being filled with three or
four vertical panels, having traceried heads, generally of
ogee form, cinque-foiled.
Below these heads the panels were usually left plain, with
a surface fitted to receive painted figures. These are of
frequent occurrence, but there are some screens which cer-
tainly never received any paintings here.
The panel figures usually represent the apostles and
prophets, with saints and martyrs, bishops and cardinals,
sibyls and doctors of the Church, besides events in the
life of our Lord and the Blessed Virgin. An exhaustive
account of these paintings has been given by Mr. G. E.
Keyser, f.sjl
Sometimes, as at Ashburton, Lustleigh, and Bridford, the
figures were carved as well as coloured ; whilst at Swym-
bridge, littleham-by-Exmouth, Sutcombe, and other places
• Mr. 0. E. Keyser thinks they cannot well be assigned to a date earlier
than about 1530, but the date recorded for the Bridford screen is 1508, and
in this screen the Renaissance feeling is very marked. Few of the Devon-
shire screens can have been erected Defore 1420 or 1480, and those of the
most characteristic type would seem to have been erected about half a
century later. Those erected towards the close of the fifteenth and the
beginning of the sixteenth show a departure from the regular type, but
there are exceptions, as, for example, the screen at Bradninch, which,
though erected in 1528, exhibits an early character of detail. It appears
unsafe to judge the date of a screen altogether by its detail, and it is
unfortunate that so far their dates have in very few cases been definitely
ascertained.
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540 DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
the panels were filled with geometric, floral, or grotesque
devices in lieu of figures. This was the rule in the Cornish
churches. The space above the transom was framed as a
window with arched head, filled with Perpendicular tracery
having four lights. These windows generally run to a
height of 5 or 6 feet. They are surrounded by a band of
carving of scroll form, i.e. a leaf twisted around a stem
carved also on the transom.
Sometimes, as at Christow,6 Bridestowe, and Whitchurch
(the screen from Moreton), a pleasing variation of the scroll
is introduced, whilst in the later screens, exhibiting Re-
naissance detail, this member receives another and dis-
tinctive treatment.
At Kenton, Manaton, and North Bovey this member is
replaced around the central compartment by a series of
little niches having tiny figures of the apostles under
canopies.
Above the open tracery and projecting from the spandrels
of the arches is a rich groining of polygonal section, the
ribs moulded, and the panels enriched with sunk tracery
or carvings in low relief. The ribs at their intersection were
covered by carved bosses. They ramify from a capital head-
ing a shaft composed generally of three clustered reeds
worked on the main mullion, but sometimes a single stout
shaft is substituted, and is encrusted with carving having
an excellent effect, as at Swymbridge, Bridford, and Lust-
leigh.
These groin ribs unite with a flat soffit of spandrel pieces
inclining upwards and outwards — a very important element
in the design. These spandrels are generally divided by a
central rib, and frequently again subdivided. Their panels
are enriched in a manner similar to the groining.
Outside and above this comes the beam with its cornices
and crestings, and in the Devon screens there are generally
three rows of vine-leaf enrichment, sometimes as many as
four.
They are usually divided by single beads, and occasionally
we find these also enriched as at Lapford, where they are
twisted. Below is a narrow inverted cresting, and above
is a deeper erect cresting, generally of the strawberry-leaf
order, but there is a wonderful variety of these, and much
ingenuity was displayed in their design.
Many are of singular beauty and refinement. Probably
9 The pattern here consists of interlaced twigs, and is worthy of special
note.
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DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS. 541
in no other part of England can such admirable work be
found.
In Cornwall the vine-leaf enrichments are diversified by
numerous grotesque animal figures, but the execution is
coarse (if we may judge by the limited number of screens
which have there survived the nineteenth-century wreckers),
and not to be compared to the Devonshire work in quality.
In Devon the motive is more restrained, but we some-
times find birds and insects. Occasionally, in other districts,
a legend was interwoven with the design.
The groining of the east side of these screens was often
plainer than that of the west. The two projections had a
united width of some six feet, the top being floored to
form the rood loft.
Anciently both front and back were protected by upright
enclosures, which were ornamented in a most sumptuous
manner, and although these are almost all gone, there remain
very often, in the plastering or stonework of the walls, marks
indicative of their former position.
There were standing in Devonshire subsequently to the
year 1825 a fair number of these gallery fronts ; but now
two only, those of Atberington and Marwood, can claim
to have been always in situ, and only a section of these
remains.
Eickman has, however, recorded the existence of several
in the earlier part of the nineteenth century, and mentions
rood lofts at Ashton, Atherington, Berry Pomeroy, Bovey
Tracey, Burlescombe, Clayhanger, Dawlish, Holne, West
Ogwell, and Totnes; and Lysons, in some instances, cor-
roborates his statement, and gives the names of several
others as having been still standing in 1822.
Amongst these he mentions the following rood lofts as
being very rich and entire; viz. Harberton, Honiton, Talaton,
Feniton, and Dawlish.
Other records mention rood lofts at Marwood, Calver-
leigh, and Cullompton.
At Ashton the marks of the old gallery front, together
with some ancient wall-paintings, have recently come to
light in the course of a very careful restoration carried
out by Mr. Herbert Kead.
At Marwood only the east gallery front remains. The
west front was standing until about fifty years ago, when it
was cut down by order of a former incumbent. The frag-
ments were thrown aside and went to decay. The man who
removed it is still living, and remembers that it was richly
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542 DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
carved "with images," but had got very " ragged * and
dilapidated.
At Calverleigh the rood loft is said to have fallen to
pieces in the year 1887. At present all that remains of it
is the beam with its enrichments standing at some little
distance above the screen, and it appears doubtful whether
the screen now there can have belonged to it.
I may mention en passant that this screen is not of the
true Devonshire type, but shares with those of Bow, Braun-
ton, East Budleigh, Burlescombe, Willand, and Exbourne
the peculiarity of not having been constructed to take
groining. The spandrels between the lights are pierced,
showing that the original support of the rood loft must
have been a coving such as we find over the border in
Somerset.
Several other churches retain fragments of the carved
work of their old galleries, either roughly fixed to their
screens or else worked into their pulpits and other furniture.
At Kenton sufficient remained to render it possible to
make a fairly accurate reconstruction. So far, only the
central section has been attempted, but it is hoped that ere
long it may be possible to complete it.
The ancient work here is of the most beautiful descrip-
tion, and retains its original colour and gilding.
At Staverton there was not the same good fortune
Fragments of the old gallery were preserved, it is true, but
insufficient to give an intelligible idea of the design ; and
therefore it was decided to take Atherington as the motive
for the new gallery. Neither this nor the one at Kenton
can be considered to be complete, however, until the blank
panels are filled with paintings of scriptural subjects, follow-
ing the ancient arrangement.
At Lew Trenchard the complete idea has been carried out,
the nave section of screen and rood loft being completed.
The screen was carefully reconstructed from fragments
which had been saved from the wood-heap by the Bev. S.
Baring-Gould when a boy. It had been turned out of the
church in 1833, and broken up.
Other churches retain enough of the old carving to make
a restoration quite possible. At Pilton, near Barnstaple,
the old canopy work remains affixed to the top of the
screen as a sort of cresting, just as it was at Kenton.
The pulpits in Devon churches were very often coeval
with the screens, and furnish a very good indication of the
sort of work that appeared on the galleries.
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DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS. 643
These gallery fronts seem to have been of several types,
and in Devon they probably consisted of a series of flat
panels divided by carved standards, and having very richly
traceried canopy heads over, finished above by a small
cornice of vine-leaf pattern as below, and terminated by a
tall cresting of very light and graceful character.
The panels most probably bore painted representations of
scenes from Bible history, like their prototype in Exeter
Cathedral, and these may often have alternated with
narrower compartments filled with figures of saints.
That these were intended for the visual instruction of the
younger members of the congregation, or, as Mr. Baring-
Gould suggests, of the unlettered rustics, there can be little
doubt. He has happily described them as " the poor
man's Bible." Probably the children were catechised with
the help of these pictures, and the sacred emblems so
frequently carved on the furniture of the church would
have had a similar use.
At Fressingfield, for instance, is a series of the emblems
of the Passion beautifully carved on one of the benches,
and I am informed by a friend that an ancient rhyming
catechism has recently been compared with these, and every-
thing in it is found to follow exactly the same order, which
points to its having been used in connection with such
carvings as these.
Borlase tells us that the rood loft at St. Michael's Mount
was still standing in his day, and was carved with panels
bearing the history of the Passion; and executed, he says,
" not inelegantly for former times."
Others again, no doubt, were filled simply with tracery
work.
This treatment is common on the Welsh border ; we find
it at Ilangwm in Monmouthshire, Patricio,7 and Bettws
Newydd in the same neighbourhood, Montgomery, Newtown,
Llanwnog, and Llanegryn in Mid-Wales, and Hubberholme
in Yorkshire.
Others again were much simpler, and consisted of a series
of plain panels with traceried heads as at Warfield and
Edington.
Some seem to have been entirely open, a mere traceried
railing, as at Sheringham in Norfolk.
Another type is found in Wiltshire, where at Avebury we
7 The general design of this screen has been followed in the restoration
of the screen and rood loft at Littleham, near Bideford.
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544 DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
have a gallery front having a continuous series of niches for
statuettes,
COLOURING OF SCREENS.
The screens were generally coloured with a thin spirit
colour, which scarcely hid the grain of the wood and never
disguised its texture. Oil paint such as architects prefer to
use nowadays has not the same virtues, and the good oak
entirely loses its value when daubed with this shiny composi-
tion. Oil paint is a protective agent best suited for external
use, but these screens did not require such protection, and
the colour was used simply for enrichment.
There is a certain " bloom " about the old colour which is
very charming.
THE TYMPANUM.
One more important feature has yet to be mentioned. In
order to render the division between nave and chancel com-
plete, it was customary to fill up the whole space above the
rood loft to the height of the roof, or of the chancel arch as
the case might be, with a partition of wood or plaster
generally bearing a painted representation of the Cruci-
fixion or the Last Judgment.
Such paintings are yet preserved, and many instances of
their removal at the Reformation are recorded. In churches
where this arrangement was carried out it is probable that
the painted rood took the place of a carved one.8 Where
the chancel arches were low the rood lofts often hid them
entirely, and the frescoes were on the wall above.
The tympanum has been very properly restored at
Littleham, though it seems a pity the architect chose a
Welsh type for his screen rather than a Devonshire one.
The tympanum persisted after the Reformation as a
feature of our churches, the ancient idea of a complete
separation being carefully adhered to. Where the rood lofts
had been removed in obedience to the general order, a tym-
panum of lath and plaster was often constructed vertically
over the screen, and the Creed and Ten Commandments
would usually be painted thereon in pursuance of the Canon
of 1604, together with figures representing Moses and Aaron.
Not many years ago there were several of these tympanums
to be found in Devonshire, but they appear to have been
8 At Llanelieu, in Brecknock, may still be seen an original donble screen,
with rood loft and a wooden tympanum over the east face, retaining its
ancient colour, with a painted rood replacing a former carved one.
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DEVONSHIRE
SCREENS JKHn ROOlDlaOfTTS.
ItiliUSlBfJAIBIONS WO BAPEI^
*** F. BLIGB BGRD, F.R.I. B.ft., **-
AND
ARTHUR L. RADFORD.
g^INTED IN ©OLLOTYPE BY ttfYNDHAM $ <90., LillD , flGllON, OX,
fi^om Phonographs by the pumHoi^s and others.
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PLATE L
Collotype by WW OH A HI & Co., Ltd , Acton, London, W
x\.n*n l ijl>sll\.i2*.
(typical of the best Devonshire work.)
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Collotype by WYNDHAM A Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W
COPTIC CHURCH, CAIRO : Doorway of Choir Screen.
N.B. The Sanctuary Screen, with veiled doorway and Hagioscope
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PLATE III.
STANTON HARCOURT, OXON : 13th CENTURY SCREEN. Pag* 533.
. WELLCOMBE, DEVON : i4th CENTURY SCREEN. W 535
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PLATE IV.
Collotyix b/WYHDHAM <t Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
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PLATE V.
Collotype by WYNDHAH A Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
CHAPEL OF St. NICOLAS : PRIZIAC. (MORBIHAN.) Page 534
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PLATE VI.
Collotype by WYNDHAM <t Co., Ltd , Acton, London, W.
mm
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PLATE VII.
Collotype by WYHDHAM A Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
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PLATE VIII.
Collotype by WYNDHAM <t Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
SCREEN, BRIDFORD CHURCH
oogle
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SUTCOMBE : PART OF LOWER PANELLING OF SCREEN.
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Pag' 539
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PLATE X.
Collotype by WYNDHAM 4 Co., Ltd., Avion, London, W.
POt/IIMOKE
'g'539
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PLATE XL
Collotypo by WYHDHAM A Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
SCREEN : PINHOE.
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PLATE XII
Collotype by WYHDHAM A Go., Ltd., Aden, Lomtaa, W.
LAPFORD : Groining & Cornices of Screen.
W. side.
Pages 539 1 540
LAPFORD SCREEN. E. side.
P"Z<539
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PLATE XIII.
CeHot/f* bf WYHDHAM 4 Go., Ltd., Act**, London, W.
HAUTLANP : Groining & Cornice
Page 540.
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PLATE XIV.
Collatyt* by WYNDHAM A Co., Ltd., Aden, Lonoon, W.
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PLATE XV.
Collotype by WYNDHAM <S Co.. Ltd., Acton, London, W
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PLATE XVI
ATHERINGTON : Roodioft. W. side.
Page 541
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PLATE XVII.
Collotype by WYHDHAM I Co., Ltd.. Acton, London, W.
CALVERLEIGH : Flat screen & beam of loft.
Pages 4^
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PLATE XVIII.
Collotype by WYNDHAX 4 Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W
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PLATE XIX.
Collotype by WYNDHAH S Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
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PLATE XX.
Cofltfype by WYNDHAM 4 Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
T^f, TV*" >>\
Vf svWWiWrf
■ w ^ v ; ;; ;-; ;-; ;*v * ^ ,.; f •-, . : : .-. .. .; ^ ^ v ; ^, :*: :- -• -j ^™
XENTON : Roodloft detail.
STAVERTON : Roodloft detail.
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PLATE XXI.
Collotype by WYMDHAM 4 Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
LEW TRENCHARD : Screen & Roodloft.
(reconstructed 1900.)
Page 542, 543
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PLATE XXII.
Collotype by WYNDHAM A Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
i by Google
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PLATE XXIII.
Collotype by WYHDHAM A Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
LIANEGRYN : Roodloft, W. side.
Page 543
LLANWNOG: Roodloft, W. side.
Page 543
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PLATE XXIV.
Collotype by WYNDHAM A Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
LLANELIEU . (BRECKNOCK ) Pagt 544 (footnote)
Screen retaining old Tympanum and Painted Rood.
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PLATE XXV.
CcllotyDt brWrKDHir * Co , Ltd., Aden, LuidOM, w.
-
Painting of Doom, from Tympanum : WENH ASTON.
Page 544
PARRACOMBE: Post-Reformation Tympanum bearing r^Pag*545
Royal Arms, Creed, Commandments, etc.
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PLATE XXVI.
Collotype by WYNDHAM 1 Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
RADDINGTON : Screen and Tympanum.
Page 545.
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PLATE XXVII.
Collotypo by WYHDHAM A Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
TOTNES : Shewing former gallery over Screen.
Pagt 547.
LITTLE SOMERFORD : WILTS. Monastic Screen adapted to
enclosure of chancel. Tympanum with Royal Arms over same
Page 546
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PLATE XXVIII.
Collotype by WYHDHAM A Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W.
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PLATE XXIX.
Collotype by WYNDHAM & Co., Ltd., Acton, London, W
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PLATE XXX.
CoHoty(*hyWYNDHAH i,Co., Ltd., Aden, London, W.
CHAWLEIGH, GROINING & CORNICES
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DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS. 545
one of the special bugbears of the clergy, and the fury of
nineteenth-century " restoration " has swept them almost all
away, so that now they are extremely rare. It is never-
theless certain that at one time they must have been quite
usual, and indeed necessary if the terms of the order were
to be faithfully observed which provided that the Command-
ments were to be fixed to the east wall of the church.
That did not mean, as some people have imagined, that they
should be fixed to the east wall of the chancel, an idea
which cannot be entertained at all, for in such a position
they would have been invisible to the people. The tym-
panum was therefore a convenient support for the inscrip-
tion of the Creed and the Commandments, and thus we find
it was used.
Such tympanums were standing not many years ago over
the screens at Bridestowe and at Woodbury. The former,
which was beautifully painted, was broken up in a most
ruthless manner, together with the screen, by a late in-
cumbent who failed to see his duty as a trustee for its
preservation.9 At Woodbury the tympanum was removed
by the Eev. J. L. Fulford, who found that the Ten Command-
ments had been painted upon it no less than three different
times. Mr. Fulford had no compunction in removing it and
in taking out the tracery of the screen, so that his congrega-
tion might the better hear and see him.
So far as I know, there is now in Devon but one instance
of a post-Eeformation tympanum remaining in a perfect
state ; this is at the old church at Parracombe. I sincerely
hope it will not be interfered with. The inscriptions over it
date from the eighteenth century. There is another in-
stance at Eaddington, just over the border in Somerset.
Here is a most interesting screen of the Calverleigh type,
lacking only its coving and gallery front. The tympanum
remains, and the beam which supported the gallery has
been put back over the screen, its spandrel pieces having
been cut short for the purpose. Another post-Eeformation
arrangement is seen here, which may also be found at Lap-
ford, Swymbridge, and other churches. I refer to the cutting
of the mullions for a reading desk.
Beyond the county of Devon are numerous churches
where the post-Eeformation enclosure of the chancel may
still be seen. Sometimes the royal arms are placed on the
tympanum.
9 The tympanum is now in the possession of Mr. Simmons, of Lydford.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 M
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546 DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
The church of Ruscombe, Berks, built in the time of
Charles I., has a low tympanum, the space beneath which
was until recent years filled by a screen.
OTHER CHANGES AT THE REFORMATION.
At the time of the suppression of the monasteries in the
time of Henry VIII. it is probable that a good deal of
choice woodwork found its way into the parish churches, and
we occasionally come across a screen having such an origin,
as for instance the screen in the church at Brushford by
Dulverton, which is known to have come from Barlinch
Abbey. Screens of this order are generally of an excep-
tional pattern, as is the case at Somerford, in Wilts, which
has a screen brought from Malmesbury Abbey.
DESTRUCTION OF ROODS, ETC.
In 1548 the edict went forth that the roods and their
attendant images were to be taken down; following this
order, we find that there was a general destruction of images
throughout England. At the same time the walls of the
churches were whitelimed and the Commandments were
written on the walls.
Saints' figures were very generally obliterated and their
places taken by text or heraldry, and until 1604 by the
Ten Commandments. The rood loft at Atherington exhibits
some coats-of-arms, and Gothic lettering of Elizabeth's time
with the inscription: "God bless our church and Queen
Elizabeth and give us peace and truth in Christ Amen."
The figures so generally painted on the panels of the
screens themselves appear to have usually escaped destruc-
tion at this time, though many were no doubt painted
over.
The next landmark in the history of the screens is the
order for the removal of the rood lofts under Archbishops
Parker and Grindal, by which it was decreed that they
should be taken down to the height of the cross-beam sup-
porting the 4< soller " or loft, which beam was to have some
convenient cresting placed upon it.
The order nevertheless forbade the removal of the screens
themselves, and the chancels were to remain as in times
past. In his Visitation Articles of 1569, Archbishop
Parker is particular in his inquiry whether this rule has
been obeyed. We know that the order for the demolition
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DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS. 547
of the rood lofts was not universally complied with.1 They
were too useful to make their destruction convenient, as
there is every reason to suppose that with the advent of
the Eeformation they were converted to the sole use of
organist and choir.
Their use as singing lofts was continued in Devonshire
until comparatively recent days, and Mr. Baring-Gould has
expressed the opinion that the reason why so many of them
have disappeared is simply that they became rickety and
worn-out with constant use, and as he says " naturally gave
way under the pressure of somnolent human beings support-
ing their backs against them."
Some were replaced by more modern panelling — as at
Dartmouth, Totnes, and Cullompton — and were used as
pews. That at Cullompton retained until the middle of
the nineteenth century some of the detail of its Gothic
front incorporated with the Georgian work, and there
was some talk of restoring it. But it is all gone now!
The rood loft at Bradninch was used not so many years
back as a pew, and its last proprietor was an old lady, who,
the sextoness told me, used to arrive at her seat by a step-
ladder.
SCREENS ERECTED AFTER THE REFORMATION.
In Devonshire, as in other counties, we find a good
number of screens erected at various dates subsequent to
the Eeformation. Specimens may be seen of all dates down
to the middle of the eighteenth century, and they present
some remarkably interesting and valuable features. I will
mention a few typical examples representing the three lead-
ing periods of design, the Cinque-cento, the Jacobean, and
the Georgian.
Lustleigh has an example of the first kind. This was put
up so soon after the Reformation that it accords in most
respects with the traditional type, even to the figures on the
lower panels, but as a concession to reformed taste these are
made to represent clergy and choristers instead of saints.
The second type is best exemplified by an illustration of
the screen at Washfield, which bears the date 1624.
The most interesting feature of this screen is the fine
coving, in which an attempt is made to realise something
of the effect of the older screens.
1 " It must be borne in mind that the injunctions for taking them down
referred not to the lofts, quoad lofts, but to the crucifixes which surmounted
them." — Hierurgia Anglicana, p. 67.
2 M 2
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548 DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
The third and last type is the Georgian, of which a most
refined and delicately carved example remains at Cruwys
Morchard. It bears the royal crown on a cushion under
the pediment. The parclose is designed in harmony, both
being Corinthian in style.
With this example I must conclude, having, I fear, already
trespassed beyond my due limits in the length of my paper.
My object has been twofold: first, to give a general
sketch of screen work in Devon; and, secondly, to give
some idea of the value of the screen to English Churchmen,
and to show why we should respect those which our fore-
fathers' piety has bequeathed to us, and jealously guard
them from all harm and from injudicious meddling and
alterations.
The valuable series of illustrations accompanying the text,
which I am enabled by the kindness of Mr. A. L. Radford to
reproduce, have been executed by Messrs. Wyndham and Com-
pany, Collotype Printers, of Acton, W., to whom I desire to
express my indebtedness for the special trouble they have taken,
with so good a result. — F. B. B.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
DEVONSHIRE SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
549
APPENDIX.
LIST OF SCREENS REMOVED, ETC., WITH DATES.
Alvington, West
Ashburton
Ashcombe
Ashprington
Axminster
Aveton Gifford .
Bradstone
Bridestowe
Bratton Clovelly
Brent (South) .
Broadhembury .
Brixhsm
Bulkworthy
Broad Clyst .
Buckland (West)
Bundleigh
Churston Ferrers
Clayhanger
Church Stanton
Cheriton Fitzpaine
Clyst St George
Coffinswell
Cornwood
Culm Davey
Dawlish
Dean Prior
Doddi8combleigh
Dowland
Dunsford
Exeter, St. Sidwell
,, St Mary Major
„ St Eerrian
Exbourne
Fremington
Gittisham
High Bray
Hulsh (North) .
Ide .
Ideford
Iddesleigh
Kentisbury
Kinffskerswell .
Loxbear
Langtree
Lew Trenchard
Luppitt .
Marldon .
Since 1869.
In 1718.
Sold in 1820.
Removed in 1846 ; since destroyed.
Rood screen removed, 1660 ; parclose re-
moved, 1875.
Removed, 1869 ; restored, 1886.
„ since 1840.
„ in 1869.
, , since 1 820 (a small portion remains).
,, in 1864, and allowed to rot in the
churchyard.
Removed in 1851, and burnt in a shed.
,, prior to 1861.
Mutilated after 1847; removed in 1878.
Removed since 1867.
„ early in nineteenth century.
„ in 1889.
„ in 1864.
„ since 1825.
„ (and sold) about 1830.
„ in 1798.
„ in 1790.
„ shortly before 1822.
Rood loft destroyed, 1650, by Shute, vicar
under Cromwell.
Burnt in the church before 1846.
Removed since 1825.
„ before 1875;
,, since 1847.
,, since 1822.
in 1813.
„ before 1822.
„ since 1852.
,, early in the nineteenth century.
„ in 1835 ; replaced in 1899.
„ in 1845.
„ shortly after 1840.
„ since 1822 ; replaced before 1887.
„ since 1822i
„ in 1834.
„ about 1846.
„ early in the nineteenth century
(restoration planned in 1883).
Removed since 1847.
„ prior to 1847.
„ in 1832.
„ since 1822.
„ in 1833 ; since partly reconstructed.
„ since 1822.
„ since 1865.
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550
DKVON'SHIRK SCREENS AND ROOD LOFTS.
Malborough
. Removed within recent years, by the then
Meavy
vicar.
. Removed in 1840.
Monkhampton .
„ in 1856.
Iforetonhampstead
,, in 1857; part since re-erected at
Whitchurch.
Newton Abbot, St Leonard's. Removed (and sold) in 1836, at the demolition
of the church.
Ogwell (West) .
Plymouth, St. Andrew's
. Removed since 1822.
„ (and sold) in 1826.
Poughill
,, since 1844.
Peter Tavy
„ before 1852 ; upper part destroyed.
Romansleigh .
,, since 1822.
Rockbeare
„ in 1887 (mutilated in 1793).
Sampford Courtenay .
„ in 1831.
Sampford Peverell
„ in or about 1826.
Spreyton
Snobrooke
„ in 1758.
in 1577.
Sheepstor
. JJroken up in recent years by Sir Massey
Lopes, and the greater part removed.
Sherwell
. Removed since 1847.
Shebbear
. Said to have been removed in 1887 (!) at a
"restoration."
South Tawton .
. Removed about 1826.
Stoke Rivers .
,, in recent years ; part now at Wear
Gifford.
Teignmouth (East)
. Removed since 1822.
Tetcott
„ since i858.
Tiverton
. Rood screen removed, 1854; ohapel screen
removed, 1835.
Tormoham
. Removed since 1822.
Uplowman
„ shortly before 1822.
Venn Ottery .
. Last remains cut up in 1884.
Warkleigh
. Removed prior to 1850.
. Destroyed shortly before 1852 by a church-
warden.
Wembury
Whimple
. Removed prior to 1822.
Woodbury . f
. Ruined in 1848 by a modernising vicar.
Some of the above dates are mentioned by Mr. H. Hems, Rood and
other Screens in Devonshire (1896), to whom my acknowledgments are
due.
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INVENTOKIES OF THE COLLEGIATE CHUECHES
OF THE HOLY CKOSS, CEEDITON; AND OUE
BLESSED LADY OF OTTEEY.
BY H. MIOHBLL WHITLBY.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
Two of the Inventories which form the subject of this
paper are preserved at the Public Eecord Office,1 and form
part of the documents relating to the proceedings of the
commissioners appointed by Henry VIII. to dissolve these
colleges ; and the other is an earlier Inventory (a.d. 1524) of
the coats with jewels pertaining to the holy rood and the
jewels of the Holy Cross.2 Although this latter has been
printed before, in Dr. Oliver's Monasticon Dioecesis Exoni-
ensis (p. 81), it is added not only for the extremely interest-
ing lists it gives, but also for the purpose of comparison
with the later one.
The commissioners were Sir Thomas Leigh, Matthew
Colthirst, Anthony Harvy, Henry Coles, and Eobert
Kelwey. They visited Crediton on the 27th May, 1545,
and Ottery three days later.
As was usual in collegiate churches, which also served as
parish churches, the eastern portion or the choir belonged
to the canons, and the western portion or the nave to the
people. The Inventories, therefore, do not include the
jewels, ornaments, vestments, etc., belonging to the parish
church.
THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY CROSS, CREDITON.
The church of Crediton took the first place amongst the
collegiate churches of Devon. After the removal of the
1 Aug. Office Certificates of Colleges a
* Bishop Veysy's Register, vol. xi. fol,
and Chantries, Nos. 81 and 92.
' 30.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
552 INVENTORIES OF THE COLLEGIATE CHURCHES
Saxon Bishop's stool to Exeter, in A.D. 1050, a collegiate
church was founded on the site of, or near to that of the
Saxon cathedral
The church consists of nave and chancel (both with north
and south aisles), an eastern Lady Chapel, and a central
tower. Between the nave and chancel stood the rood loft
and screen, which was not a common feature until the four-
teenth century. The front of the screen was richly panelled,
and the loft above splayed out on coved arches and ribs,
the woodwork being usually painted, often with figures of
saints,8 and gilt. Devonshire is most fortunate in having
so many screens still remaining.
The loft was used for certain devotions, by the singers,
and for other purposes ; sometimes a small organ was placed
in it, whilst along the handrail were basins with spikes for
tapers.
From the loft itself, or from the beam above it, rose the
great rood. This was a crucifix with the images of the
Blessed Virgin and Saint John on either side, and often
accompanied, as at Holy Cross, by other figures, called the
pageant, in the rood loft.
The great rood towering high above the screen was the
most conspicuous object in the church,4 and before it burnt
the rood light night and day.
The images in the rood loft and church, as well as those
carried in processions, were on the great festivals arrayed in
vestments and coats, and a full list of these garments and
the appurtenances used in decking them at Holy Cross is
preserved in the Inventory of 1524.
There was a coat of blue velvet with damask flowers;
another of silver with " the lilly pott in the mydds, and in
every side a byrde"; a third of "crymson velvet edgyd
about with letters powderde " ; and a fourth of " silver the
grounde blewe." All these were furnished with girdles and
pendants.
Amongst the adornments of the rood loft were num-
erous offerings of rings, images, and money, often be-
queathed by will. Thus Margaret Hartley, of Climping,
Sussex, by her will, a.d. 1524, leaves "to the God's Crosse
8 Dartmouth Church is a good example.
4 With reference to the great rood, Fuller says: "And wot you what
spiritual mystery was couched in this position thereof? The church
(forsooth) typified the church militant; the chancel represents the church
triumphant ; and all who will pass out of the former into the latter
must go under the Rood-loft, i.e. carry the cross and be acquainted with
affliction."
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
OF CREDITON AND OTTERY. 553
of Clympynge my weding ring";6 and Elizabeth Hobgen, of
Lymynster, Sussex, in a.d. 1535, bequeaths "to the crosse
of Lymister, my best ring." 6
The high altar stood on a raised platform at the eastern
end of the chancel.
It (as well as the minor altars) was a block of stone
masonry with a covering slab, or altar table; although
sometimes the table was supported on pillars, as at the high
altar in St. Columb Major Church, Cornwall, which still
exists. The table was about six inches thick, the lower
three inches being chamfered; it was marked with five
incised crosses, where the Bishop made the sign of the cross
with consecrated oil at the time of the dedication.6
On either side of the altar, curtains, called " ridells " or
"costers," made of rich material, hung from swivel rods;
but none are mentioned in the Inventory, and only two
frontlets, one of white silk, with an old one of dornix for
the altar in the Lady Chapel, and the church appears at the
period in question to have been but poorly furnished in this
respect.
In plate, however, it was rich ; on the high altar, or on
a ledge behind it, stood a cross which was a splendid
example of goldsmith's work. It was "parcel" or partly gilt,
enamelled with oak leaves, and furnished with a foot of
silver, wholly gilt, with images of six angels ; the cross and
its foot together weighing 159 J ozs.
Two massive candlesticks of silver, parcel gilt and orna-
mented with lions' heads, stood one on each side of the
cross. The Synod of Exeter, held A.D. 1287, enjoined that
• Sussex Arch. Soc Collections, vol. xii. pp. 87 and 94.
6 Bloxam (Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture, 11th ed.,
toI. ii. p. 77) states that he knows of only two ancient high altars of stone in
the churches of this country which have not been removed — namely, Arundel,
Sussex, and Forehampton, Gloucester ; but others have since been noted.
A very perfect example of a twelfth-century altar of rough ashlar masonry
plastered, but wanting the table, was uncovered by myself in the apse of the
north aisle of the Farmery Chapel of Lewes Priory during the excavations
carried out by the Sussex Archaeological Society in 1901. As stated above,
the high altar of St. Columb Church still exists, as well as at Selmeston,
Sussex. At Probus, Cornwall, the original altar table marked with the five
crosses supported by a wooden framework still serves as "God's Board," as
also in Sussex at Tangmere, Singleton, and Westdean, and at the Lady Chapel
in the cathedral; at Oving the present altar stands on the original stone
table, which at Westham has been utilised for a tomb slab, and with its five
incised crosses still lies in the north aisle of the nave, and another is in
Waldron Church. A careful search for the original altar tables of our
Devonshire churches would probably result in a valuable addition to our
present knowledge of the ecclesiastical antiquities of the county.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
554 INVENTORIES OF THE COLLEGIATE CHURCHES
at the Mass there should be at least two lights, as well in
reverence of the sacrament as in case of the accidental
extinction of either. Of these lights one was to be of wax.
Bloxam7 states that "the placing of more than two
lights on an altar seems never to have been practised in the
churches of this country." But this use did not obtain in the
diocese of Chichester ; the custom in Chichester Cathedral,
at least as early as the thirteenth century, was to have
seven tapers of two pounds weight each on the altar, eight
on the beam above it, and two in standing candlesticks on
the altar steps, besides the processional lights.
On minor festivals, five on the altar and two on the
steps ; and on ordinary days three on the altar and two on
the steps. This usage of odd numbers extended to the
other churches in the diocese, as is shown by the smoke
stains formerly existing over the altars in Westmeston
Church-
The minor altars had generally only one candlestick, as at
Exeter Cathedral, where they had one latten candlestick
each. Over the high altar hung the pix, in which the
reserved sacrament was kept; at Holy Cross it was of
silver wholly gilt, with a crucifix on the top, suspended
under a canopy of cloth of gold, and hung from a rod of
iron plated with silver.
The pix and canopy at Durham are thus described in the
Rites of Durham?
" Within the said Quire, over the High Altar, did hang a rich
and most sumptuous Canapie for the Blessed Sacrament to hang
within it, which had two irons fastened in the French Peere, very
finely gilt, which held the canapie over the midst of the said High
Altar (that the Pix did hang in it that it could not move or stir)
whereon did stand a Pbliccan, all of silver, uppon the height
of the said canopie, very finely gilded, giving her bloud to her
younge ones, in token that Christ did give his bloud for the sinns
of the world, and it was goodly to behould for the blessed sacra-
ment to hang in; and a marvellous faire Pix that the holy
blessed sacrament did hange in, which was of most pure fine gold,
most curiously wrought of goldsmith worke : and the white cloth
that hung over the Pix was of very fine lawne, all embroydered
and wrought about with gold and red silke, and four great and
round knopes of gold, marvelous and cunningly wrought, with
great tassells of gold and redd silke hanginge at them, and at the
four corners of the white lawne cloth and the crook that hung
7 Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture, 11th ed., vol. ii. p. 82.
8 Surtees Society vol. 15, The Rites of Durham.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
OF CRBDITON AND OTTERY. 555
within the cloth that the pix did hang on, was all of gold, and
the cords that did draw it upp and downe, was made of fine,
white, strong silke."
The two silver basins, parcel gilt, with roses in the midst,
weighing 39 \ ozs., were either for washing the priest's hands
at Mass or possibly for the rood light and the " Berne "9 or
chancel light which burnt before the pix at the high altar.
Thus at Durham —
"Before the High Altar, within the Quire above mentioned,
were three marveilous faire silver Basins hung in chains of
silver; one of them did hange in the south side of the Quire,
above the steps that go upp to the High Altar, the second on the
north side opposite to the first, the third in the midst, between them
both, and just before the High Altar.
"Theise three silver basons had lattin basons within them,
havinge pricks for serges, or great wax candles to stand on, the
lattin basons beinge to receive the drops of the candles whiche did
burne continually day and night in token that the House was
always watchinge to God. There was also another silver bason,
which did hang in silver chains before the Sacrament of the
foreseid High Altar, but nerer to the High Altar than the other
three, as almost dependinge or hanginge over the priests back,
which was only lighted in time of Masse and ther after ex-
tinguished."1
The two great candlesticks of latten stood in the quire
before the high altar.
For use at the altars, etc., and in processions there were
two massive censers, one parcel gilt, weighing 38 ozs., the
other of silver, with leopards' heads to let out the smoke.
Accompanying the censers were two ships for frankincense,
one adorned with a leopard's head, the other with figures on
the lid ; both of silver, parcel gilt.
The next item in the Inventory is a monstrance of silver,
wholly gilt, with a crucifix on the top, and a beryl or
crystal in the midst; this was used to bear the reserved
• The Berne light does not derive its name from the rood beam, but from
the Greek word "Bema," which was used for the raised platform at the
eastern end of the early Christian churches with the altar in the midst,
afterwards called the chancel. The Berne light, therefore, meant the
chancel light. The following extract from a Sussex will makes this clear : —
Thomas Sandam, husbandman, of Colworth, in the parish of Oviog, 20th
February, 1542, bequeaths "to the maintaining of the two standing lights in the
foresaid parish church of Oving, that is to say, the rood light, and the beam
light in the quire before the blessed sacrament of the altar ; to either of them
two bushels of barley."
1 Surtee8 Society, Rites of Durham, p. 12.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
556 INVENTORIES OF THE COLLEGIATE CHURCHES
sacrament to the sick. There was also a double standing
cross with a crucifix in the midst for standing on an altar.
The church possessed a rich store of chalices and patens.
In the Inventory of 1524 there are given one chalice and
paten of gold, and ten chalices of silver with five patens.
At the date of the second Inventory, however, there were
only one chalice and paten wholly gilt and four parcel gilt
The cruets held the wine and water previous to their
admixture in the chalice; and on the high altar lay a
magnificently bound copy of the Book of the Gospels,
adorned on both covers with plates of silver wholly gilt,
with Mary and John on the front.
With copes and eucharistic vestments the church was
well furnished, although many were old and worn.
The cope was worn in processions, at vespers, benedic-
tions, and by the assistant clergy and choristers during
Mass. It was the handsomest of all the vestments, often
richly embroidered with orphreys enriched with figures of
angels, apostles, and prophets, and sometimes texts.
At Durham the Prior had in processions
"a marveilous riche cope on of cloth of ffyne pure gould, the
which he was not able to goe upright with it, for the weightines
thereof, but as men did staye it, and holde it up of every side,
when he had it on." 2
There were five altars in the collegiate church, besides
the high altar ; one in the Lady Chapel, and St. Katherine's
and St. Nicholas' altars, on the north side of the quire, and
St. John's and St. Michael's on the south, in addition to
which there would be the nave altar for the parishioners
against the rood screen.
St. Nicholas, the patron saint of sailors, was always held
in high esteem.
" Saint Nicholas keeps the mariners
From danger and diseaso
That beaten are by boisterous winds
And tossed on stormy seas."
It was at his altar that Thomas Orey, who was totally
blind, is said to have recovered his sight in A.D. 1315, and
Bishop Stapledon, having satisfied himself that it was a
genuine miracle, ordered a solemn thanksgiving and the
ringing of the church bells.
The Inventory concludes with a valuation of the bells,
iron, glass in the windows, and lead on the buildings.
8 Surtees Society, Bites of Durham, p. SS.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
OF CREDITON AND OTTERY. 557
OUR BLESSED LADY OF OTTERY.
This collegiate church was founded by Bishop Grandison,
who, having purchased the church and manor of Ottery from
the Dean and Chapter of St. Kouen, Normandy, in a.d. 1335,
created there the collegiate church in 1337.
The building, which has been well called a great Devon-
shire church, consists of a nave with aisles and a large
chapel on the north, a chancel with aisles, an eastern Lady
Chapel, and two transeptal towers, resembling Exeter
Cathedral in this respect.
By the Inventory the church was sufficiently but not
richly furnished with plate, and possessed a large number
of copes and vestments; a number of these were richly
embroidered, but the most valued one was no doubt the
founder's cope with eagles.
As at Holy CrOBs, the Inventory concludes with a valua-
tion of the bells, iron, glass, and lead.
A careful perusal of these lists shows what a loss English
art has sustained by the melting down of the magnificent
examples of silversmith's work, which now would be of
almost priceless value ; but whilst we deplore the loss, we
must be thankful for such detailed Inventories, which enable
us to reconstruct on paper, and picture the interior of a
Devonshire church in mediaeval times.
COLLEGIATE CHURCH OF THE HOLY GROSS AT CREDITON.
Inventory of the Church Ornaments, A.D. 1624.
(Veys/s Register, vol. xi fol. 30.) *
Hereafter followeth how many cots with juells upon them to,
perteynnyng to the Holy Roode, vewyed by Sir Richard Eryngton,
chaunter ; Sir Walter Muggs, threasurer ; Robert Froste, chanon ;
Mr. John Holwell, parson of Tettburne; and Sir William
Renandon, vicar chorall, the 20th day of Maie, a.d. 1524.
Imprimis a cote of blewe velvett with damaske flowrs with 3
gylte crosse, 2 brode arowys, 4 silver bokkylls, 93 ryngs all
gylt — 46 grotts, one of them clen geylte — an ymage of silver in
a plate — a plate lyk a trewelove.
Item a cote of sylver with the lilly pott in the mydds, and in
every side a byrde with a gyrdle — the cross blewe with 25
great gylte barrs, 42 small barrs, gylte with the bokyll and
the pendent of the same.
3 Oliver's Monasiicon Dioecesis Exonieruis, p. 81.
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
558 INVENTORIES OF THE COLLEGIATE CHUHCHBS
Item a gyrdle, the crosse goolde with bokyll and pendent of the
same, all gilte.
Item a gyrdle, the crosse blakke, with 12 great barrs and 32
small barrs, clene sylver with bokyll and pendent.
Item a gyrdell the crosse blewe with 16 great barrs gilte bokyll and
pendent
Item a payre of beeds all sylver with 53 Ave Marys and 6 Pater
Nosters.
Item a brooche of goolde and on of silver — a silver bokyll without
a tong.
Item a gyrdill the crosse redde with 40 barrs of sterrs and gilte,
4 lackyng theyr hedds, with bokyll and pendent
Item a shypp of sylver — Item a harte of silver.
Item a cote of crymsen velvet edgyd about with letters powderde
with a blewe gyrdill of 41 barrs all gilte with bokyll and
and pendent.
Item a gyrdell, the crosse goolde with bokyll and pendent
Item a paier of corell bedds with 20 silver stones.
Item a paier of sylver bedds 55 stones. Item 3 grotts.
Item a paier of corell bedds with 8 crosses of goolde and a ly tie stone
of gold, and 3 stons of sylver and gylte.
Item a gyrdell, the cross redde with 24 barrs all gilt, the bokkyll
and the pendent
Item 4 crucifixis of sylver and gilte.
Item a staffe and scryppe of Seynt James.
Item an owche of goolde — a goolde ryng — a flowre of silver and
gylte, like a crosse.
Item 4 Agnus Dei the on with a crucifix ys in him. A thyne
pece of silver with a crosse.
Item a cote of silver the grownde blewe.
Item a grene gyrdell with 35 bars all gilte with a long bockyll
and pendent
Item a grene gyrdell of 41 bars all gilte with crook and pendent
havyn a long chayn.
Item a pair of corall beeds with a eleven silver stones gilte.
Item a green gyrdell with 21 bars and gilte, three of them
lackyng theyr hedds with bokyll and pendent
Iocalia ponderata per Reginald urn More, aurifabrum 20 die
Maii, a.d. 1524, presentibus dominis Ricardo Eryngton, pre-
centore ; Waltero Mugge, thesaurario ; Roberto Froste, canonico ;
Georgio Mason, decano et Johanne Holwell, rectore de Tettburn,
sequentia.
OS.
Imprimis a cross of silver gilte and ameled with oaken
leaves ponderyng . . ... 56
Item 2 bason parcell gilt with roses in the myddys . . 39£
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
OF CREDITON AND OTTERY. 559
oz.
Item 2 candelstykks of silver parcell gilte with Lyons hedds 96
Item a foote of a crosse hole gilte with imagery viz. 6
angells in the same . . ... 103£
Item a censer percell gilte of silver . 38
Item another censer of silver with liberds hedds . . 22J
Item a shyppe of silver parcell gilte cum sculptura in
co-opertorio . . . . . 16 J
Item anothe shyppe of silver parcell gilte with a lyberds
hedd . . . . 16J
Item an other pyxe of silver hole gilte with a crucifix in
the topp . - . . . 17
Item a monstrate, silver, hole gilt with a berall in the
mydds, and a crucifix in the topp . . 37 J
Item a double standyng crosse, with a crucifix in the
mydds for reliques, of silver and hole gilte . . 10
Item 2 gospelers with plates silver and gilte with Mary
and John on the on of themme . . . —
Item 6 chales of the which on ys all goolde with the
patent of goolde ponderyng . . 15 J
Yalewed at £20
Item a chales of silver hole gilte and a patent to the same 28
Item another chales of silver gilt with a white foot and
his patent . . . ... 13J
Item an other chales of silver parcell gilte and his patent ll|
Item an other chales of silver and patent parcell gilte . 16
Item an other chales and patent of silver and parcell gilte . 17
Item 2 candlestykks of silver and parcell gilte . . 57
Item 2 cruettes of silver parcell gilt with one lacking his
handle and cover . . 3f
Item a rodd of iron plated over with sylver . . —
Item a rounde pixe of silver for the sacrament hole gelde 13 J
Hereafter followith an Inventory of all the plate, juells,
vestmentts, ornaments, goods, and cattails appertayning to the
late surrendered Colege of the holy cross of Crediton, in the
Countye of Devon, made and taken by Thomas Legh knyght,
Mathew Colthurst, Anthony Harvey, and Humfrey Coles, commis-
sioners appointed for the same. In the presens of John Blaston,
Chauntor and Master of the said late College, Walter Mugge
Threaserer, George Mason dean and prebendaries ther, vewed and
praysed by John Hundon Edward Forde, John Bodlowe and Robert
Bugbury sworen for the same: and also of all the bells, glasse
yeron and lead vewed and praysed by Nycholas Plond, Gilbard
Male, Robert Davy, John Daw, and William Shilston sworen for
the same. And delivered to the custody of Anthony Harvey,
Humfrey Coles, and Mathew Colthurst, securely to be kept to
the Kyngs Majesties use unto suche tyme as his graces pleasor be
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
560 INVENTORIES OF THE COLLEGIATE CHUHCHES
farder knowen therin, according to the kyngs majesties com-
mission for the same. In Witnes whereof the saide Commis-
sioners as also the saide master and prebendaries interchangebly
haithe subscribed ther names and putt ther sealls the xxvij** day
of maye in the xxxvijth yere of the raigne of our soverayne lorde
kyng Henry the viijth by the grace of god Kyng of Englond
France and Yrlond defender of the faith and in erth of the church
of Englond and Yrlond the supreme head.
Fubste in the Querr. A great paire of organes praysed at vju
xiij* iiijd. Item a paire of great candelstyckes of laten4 praysed at
xa. Item a ffrontlett of whytt sylke hangyng before the highe alter
praysed at xijd. Item another ffrontlett hangyng before the highe
alter praysed at viijd. Item two stayned clothes to hang before the
highe alter praysed at xijd. Item the stawles in the quere praysed
atx».
In our lady Ghapbll. Item an old frontelet of dornixe6 hanging
before the alter praysed att xijd. Item a table of Alloblaster6
praysed at ij0. Item two framed chayres at xvjd. Item a payre
of organes praysed att xxa. Item a dexte for our lady messe
praysed at iiijd. Item an yeron candelstike praysed at vjd. Item
a great coffer praysed at ija. Item the stooles and seatts there
praysed at ij*.
Saint Kathbrins Alter in the northe syde. Item a table of
Alloblaster praysed at iiy*.
Saint Nicholas Alter in the northe syde. Item a table of
Alloblaster praysed at xxd.
Saint Johns Alter in the southe syde. Item a table of
alloblaster praysed at ija.
Saint Miohells Alter in the southe syde. Item a table of
allobaster praysed at v*.
In the vestre. Item iij copes of Kedd clothe of tyssue,
praysed at vju. Item one other cope of Redd tysshue7 praysed at
Item vj little copes vere olde for the coristers praysed at x*.
iiju. Item one other cope of black tyssue praysed at iij11. Item
two copes of dornax velvet with flowers ymbroidered praysed at
xl8. Item xx other copes of all sortes of sylke praysed at vu.
4 Probably the two great chandeliers or prickets which stood before the
high altar. Latten was an alloy of copper and zinc.
8 An inferor kind of damask, wrought of silk, wool, linen thread, and
gold, in Flanders (Rock, Textile Fabrics),
• These tables of alabaster, which were used as reredoses, were very com-
mon in mediaeval churches, there being five in this church. Mr. St. John
Hope, in a paper on the subject {Archceologia, vol. lii. pt. 2), holds the
opinion that the alabaster came from Ohellaston near Derby, and that large
numbers were made at Nottingham during the close of the fifteenth century.
There is a very good example at the church of St. Michael's Mount,
Cornwall, and the fragments of an exceedingly beautiful coloured table were
found built up in the aumbry at Mabe Church {Jour. Boy. Inst, of Cornwall,
vol. xiv. p. 411).
7 A bright shimmering golden textile.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
OF OREDITON AND OTTERY. 561
Item a sute of vestmentts8 of cloth of tyssue praysed at vu.
Item a sute of vestmentts of redd baundkin9 praysed at xl8. Item
a sute of whytt damaske praysed at xl8. Item an olde sute of
whytt damaske praysed at xiij8. Item an olde sute of velvet
and satten vestimentts praysed att xiij8. Item two vestimentts
sylke counterfeit baundkin praysed at iij8 iiijd. Item two
chesubles of baundekin praysed at v8. Item a chesuble of whytt
satten praysed at ij8. Item an olde vestiment of grene sylke with
redd braunches and yolow praysed att xij8. Item a paire of
vestimentts divers colers of sylke praysed att iij8. Item an old
vestiment a chesuble and an albe of chaungeable1 sylke of divers
colers praysed at iij8 iiijd. Item an olde sute of vestiments
of sylke with grene damaske in the myddes praysed at vij8.
Item an olde vestiment with ij chesubles withoute their ables of
grene flowered sylke praysed at ij8. Item an olde vestiment of
olde golde with corne flowers praysed at xxd. Item an olde torne
pay re • vestimentts of sylke of divers braunches and flowers
praysed at ij8. Item an olde vestimentt of blew saye with starres
praysed at ij8. Item an olde vestimentt with his albe of yolow
sylke, praysed at ij8. Item one other olde vestimentt withoute
albe of baundkin, praysed at ij. Item an olde vestimentt of
dornaxe with his albe for Lentt, praysed at ij8. Item an olde
vestiment of whitt damaske with his albe, praysed at ij8. Item an
olde vestimentt of Redd sylke of the mackyng of saye, praysed
at ij8. Item an olde chesuble of Eedd saye sylke with his albe,
praysed at ij8. Item one olde paynted lynen clothe to cover
saynctes ij8. Item ij clothes of dornaxe to hang aboute the
quere, praysed at xijd. Item one ship coffer in the highe vestre
praysed at ij8. Item one long square coffer full of olde trass in
the high vestre praysed at ij8. Item one other longe square
coffer in the high vestre bound with yeron, praysed at ij8. Item
one olde Lampe of latten in the higher vestre, praysed at xvjd.
Item two latten candelstickes in the high vestre, praysed at xijd.
Item a ... of coper praysed at xijd. Item a ship coffer bounde
with yeron praysed at vj8 viijd. Item iij other coffers, a great, a
mean, and a lesse praysed at iij8 iiijd. Item a three cornered coffer
for copes praysed at xxd. Item a little carpet of stole work
praysed at xijd. Item a clothe of baundkin with ffreersse (?) knotts
praysed at viijd. Item a clothe of baundkin for a canopy praysed
at vjd. Item a clothe of baundekin praysed at iiijd. Item a carpet
of turke makyng praysed at viij8. Item in the second lower vestre
a longe olde coffer praysed at viijd.
8 A suit of vestments included a chasuble, dalmatic and tunicle and the
three albs, with the amices, stoles, and maniples; Sometimes the vestments
are termed priest, deacon, and subdeacon, from the wearers.
9 Baudekyn, costly cloth of gold named from Bagdad, on which figures in
silk are embroidered.
1 Shot silk.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 N
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
562 INVENTORIES OF THE COLLEGIATE CHURCHES
Plate. Item a crosse of sylver parcell gylte weing liij ounces
iij quarters. Item a Chales gilte with a patentt weing xxix ounces.
Item iiij other chalesses with patens parcell gilte weing lviij
ounces. Item ij candelstickes of whit sylver weing lvj ounces.
Item two sensors parcell gilte weing lxxix ounces. Item two
shippes of whit sylver weing xxxij ounces. Item iiij crewetts of
sylver parcell gylte weing xv ounces. Item a monster of sylver
gylte to cary the sacrament weing xxxv ounces iij quarters.
Item a verge rood of yeron plated with sylver not weyghted.
Item two gosspell bookes couvered with sylver gylte . . . syde
with a crucefixe and Mary and John not weighted.
Eblls. Item ij bells, one broken bell, and the morowmesse bell
in the tower and iiij sacringe bells hanging in severall places
within the said churche valewd at xxvju xiij8 iiijd.
Iron and glasse. Item all the Iren and glas in the wyndowes
grates, dores, the clocke and in other places in the churche and
colege there betwyne the far ende of our Lady Chapel and the
Tower of the said Churche vale wed at xiiju vi8 viijd.
Lead. Item the quere in lengthe lx f ote and in brdth xxv fote
di whyche amounteth to the number of viij tunne of lead valewed
at iiiju the tonne sume xxxiju. Item two Ambulatories in length
every of them iiij" fote and in bredthe x fote whicb amountethe
to the nomber of ix tunne ccccc. Every tunne valewed at iiiju
some xxxviju xij8. Item our Lady Chapell in lengthe xlij fote
and in bredthe xxv fote di which amounteth to the nomber of
v tonnes and a pipe. Every tunne valewed at iiija some xxiju
Item in the vestres xxiiij fote square which amounteth to the
nomber of iiij tunne every tunne valewed at iiij11 some xvju.
Anthony Harvy. Mathram Coltehirstb.
Henry Coles.
COLLEGIATE CHURCH OF OUR BLESSED LADY OF OTTERY.
Hereafter folowith an Inventory of all the plate, Jewells,
ornaments, goods, and cattails, apperteigning to tbe late Sur-
rendered Colege of our blessed Lady of Ottery in the Countie of
Devon, made and taken by Thomas Legh knight, Mathew
Colthurste, Anthony Hervye, Humfre Coles, and Robert
Keylewaye, Esquires, Commissioners appointed for the same in . . .
John Fyssher Mr or warden of the saide late College, John Hunt
minister, Robert Prins chauntor and the prebendaries there,
vewed and praysed by John Grenefylid William . . . Stowforde,
and Edward Forde swhoren for the same. And also John Sop,
John Haydon, Nicholas Waldren, and John Celwood, vewers and
praysors of all the bells, glas, yeron and lead and swhoren for the
same. All which plate, ornaments, goods, cattails, bells, glas,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
OF CREDITON AND OTTEBY. 563
yeron, and lead is delivered according to the kings majesties com-
mission to the custodie of Mathew Colthurste and Humfrey Coles
Esquiers to be reservied to the kyngs majesties use unto suche
tyme as his graces pleaser be furder knowen therein. In witnes
whereof as well the saide commissioners, as also the saide Mr or
warden cannons and prebendaries interchaungeablye have sub-
scribed their names, and putt their scales the XXXth daye of Maye
in the xxxvijth yere of the raigne of our Soveraigne Lorde King
Henry the Eighte, by the grace of god King of Englond, France
and Yrlonde, defender of the faith, and in erthe of the Churche of
Englonde and Monde the supreme head.
The qubrb. Item the stalls in the quere put at v8. In our
Lady Chapbll. Item a table of allublaster praysed at ij8. Item
a Redd payer of vestmentts with the founders armes praysed at
xiij8 iiijd. Item a sute of whitt Damaske and sylke praysed at x8.
Item v copes of whitt sylke withe grene braunches and a sute
sutable to the same praysed at xxx8.
Item vj albes of ... & sylke praysed at x*. Item a nolde
Lampe of latten praysed at iiijd. Item iij coffers praysed at
iij8 iiijd.
Chapiter housb. Item ij grene copes with a sute to the same
praysed at vu x8. Item a sute with bay leves and swhanns
praysed at xxiij8 iiijd. Item a blew velvett cope praysed at
xiij* iiijd. Item ij whit damaske copes with popeis in the border,
with a sute to the same praysed at xl8. Item a whitt cope with
popinwyes praysed at v*. Item a whitt cope withe beastes praysed
at vs. Item a cope with golden wyere and a sute to the same
praysed at xx8. Item a white cope with columbynis and a sute to
the same praysed at xv8. Item a Redd cope with oken Levis and
a sute to the same. Item a cope praysed at x*. Item two Raye*
copes with a sute to the same lacking the vestment, praysed at
xviij8. Item ij copes of sylke the grounde whitt with prin(f) flowers
of velvett and a sute to the same praysed at liij8 iiijd. Item the
founders cope with egles praysed at xl8. Item a cope of yolow
and a sute to the same of gold and silver praysed at xvi8 lacking
the tunicle and the albe for the same. Item two tunicles of old
whitt sylke praysed at ij8.
North vbbtrb. xliiij olde copes of all sortes praysed at ii\ju.
Item xij copes for the coristors praysed at xv8. Item a sute of
black vestmentts for obitts praysed at x8. Item ij sutes of albes
praysed at iij8 iiijd. Item a sute of vestmentts called of Chauntors
Redd praysed at v8. Item ij sutes of grene without albes praysed
at v8. Item a sute of yolow withoute albes, praysed at iijs iiijd.
Item a sute called the chaunters whitt praysed at vj8 viijd.
South Vbstre. Item xxj copes of all sortes praysed at xij8.
Item vj sutes of vestmentts for feriall dayes old praysed at xy8.
Item iij sutes for commemorations praysed at iij8*. Item a sylke
8 Ray or rayed stuff was woven in stripes.
2 N 2
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
564 INVENTORIES OF THE COLLEGIATE CHURCHES
clothe for lentt, the vale9 iij frenge praysed at ijs. Item a vest-
ment for good frydaye praysed at xijd. Item vj albes for
chylder praysed at iij8. Item ij vestmentts for childer praysed at
iij* iiijd. Item x corpases4 praysed at xxd. Item a table of Alle-
blaster in Sainct Edwards ille praysed at iij8 iiijd.
Plate. Item a crosse of sylver and gylte weying xliij ounces,5
Item iij challessis with iij patens gilte weing 1 ounces. Item ij
other challessis parcell gilte weying xxij ounces. Item two sereers6
of whitt sylver and gylte weing vij ounces. Item a ship of
sylver weying xxv ounces. Item ij candelstickes of sylver parcel
gilte weying lviij ounces. Item two vergers of sylver weyng xvj
ounces. Item a paire of Crewetts of sylver parcell gylte weying
xv ounces. Item a litle cross of sylver with a great pece of
lead in the bothome not weghted. Item ij gospell bokes the one
plated with sylver of borthe sydes and the other butt of one syde
not weyghted. Item ij hallywater sprinkels of sylver not
weyghted.
Bells. Item v bells in the southe tower of the churche that is
to saye the little bell at vi hunndreth, the secounde bell at viij
houndreth, the iijrd bell att x hundreth, the iiij01 bell at xij
houndreth the vth bell att xiiij hundreth price of every houndreth
xvj* viijd some of thole xliu xiij8 iiijd.
Ybbon and gla8. Item v wyndowes in the chapter house yeron
and glas praysed at viij8. Item vj wyndowes in the liberary yeron
and glas praysed at iiij8. Item vij wyndowes in the tower vowte
yeron and glas praysed at iiij". Item xij wyndowes in the quire
yeron and glas praysed at xxxvj8. Item in the two ambulatorys
xxiij litle lightes yeron and glas, praysed at viij". Item in the
two vestris viij litle wyndowes yeron and glas praysed at iij8 iiijd.
Item in our lady Chapell v wyndowes yeron and glass praysed at
xiij8 iiijd. Item the grat of yeron and the other yeron hanging
clothes to the same praysed at xx8. Item the yeron in the quere
beringe the leghtes ther and of the d . . . hs praysed at xs. Item
a paire of organs in the Rod loft praysed at xl8. Item a new paire
of organs in the quere praysed at vu. Item a paire of organs in
our Lady Chapell praysed at x8. Item the frountes of iiij alters
being stone, the tymber of the churche, the pannes, the supflew-
sons, buildings, being stone and tymber praysed at vu.
Lead. Item the covering of the quere is in lengthe by every-
syde lxvj fote, and in bredthe xviij fote in every syde with the
gutters and all accompted estemid at xxj ton praysed the ton
Iiij8 iiid some . Item the meeting betwyne the tower and the
8 The lenten veil hung across the chancel to hide the altar during Lent
4 Embroidered cloths of silk or fine linen, used for covering the sacred
elements when exposed in the chalice or paten. They were kept in cases
richly worked.
* The cross for the high altar. Often these crosses were furnished with a
staff to serve as the processional cross of the church.
6 Censers.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
OF CREDITON AND OTTERY. 565
churche aforsaid to be j ton and a pipe at liij8 iiijd the ton
some . Item the ij ambulatories by the ij sydes in lengthe
lxxij fote in bredke xj fote estemid to be vij ton and a pipe at
liy8 iiijd ton some . Item the vestre in the southe syde and
the cheker in the northe syde estemid to be ij ton and a pipe at
liij8 iiijd some . Item the Chapter house in lenthe xxiij fote
and xj fote brode estemid to be iij ton at liij8 iiijd the ton
some . Item the liberary in lenthe xlviij fote in bredthe xj
fote estemid to be ij ton xvc at liij* iiijd the ton some . Item
the Cloister in length liiij fote in bredthe xviij fote estemid to be
iiij ton at liij8 iiijd the ton some . Item the gate house and
our lady Chapell one of them estemid to be iij ton and a pipe
and the other iiij ton at liij* iiijd the ton some . Item the
coveringe of the spyer and the gutters thereto belongyng estemed
to be v ton and a pipe at liij* iiijd the ton which the prasors afore-
saide considering the waste in the new casting of the said lead to
be made vendible- the charge in taking doune, the charge of wood
for melting the same that every xx ton wille in wast . . . ton,
pipe wherfor they considering the same hathe vale wed uppon ther
othes every ton to be worthe liij" iiijd in the hole cxxli xij8.
Mathew Coltbhirstb. Humfrbt Coles.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
"FEES OF THE BISHOP OF EXETER" IN
"TESTA DE NEVIL," p. 187.
BY REV. OSWALD J. RBICHBL, B.O.L. * M.A., P.8.A.
(Read at Bide ford, July, 1902.)
In Trans, xxix. 218 Mr. Whale has given a summary of the
contents of Testa de Nevil, and in Trans, xxx. 203 an
analysis of pp. 175a to 184b of the published folio edition
containing the entries numbered 1 to 963.
The next set of entries (Nos. 964 to 974, on pp. 185a to
187a of the published folio) will be found in Trans, xxviii. 367.
Another set of entries (Nos. 1011 to 1040, on pp. 187b
and 188a) in Trans, xxix. 500.
It is here proposed to give the intermediate entries (Nob.
975 to 1010, on p. 187) entitled " Fees of the Bishop of
Exeter." More than a third of the whole of Testa de
Nevil bearing on this county will thus be made available
in our Transactions for critics of modern work.
To explain these entries a parallel set of entries is
appended which appears in the same volume under the
County of Cornwall, and with it the return {carta) made bj
Earl Eeginald of Cornwall to Henry II. in 1166.
TutadeNceil, L "FEES OF THE BISHOP OF
p. 187a.
[976] Reginald de Valle Torta holds in Tremeton
[976] A[ndrew] de Cardinan „ Cardinan \
and in Botardel J
[977] Robert Walter's son \ , , , ( in Mineli 1
and Matilda de Lucy J I and in Lantian J
[978] William Bruer holds in Middelond
p. 187b.
[979] Willm le Boteraus „ Thalcarn
(980] Rand[olph] Blowio ,, Polrode
981] Simon Pincerna ,, Lanhou
[982] Richard Burdun „ Penros
[988] Henry Heris „ Hebbeford
[984] Bartfholomew] Thorold's son „ Stranton
[985] Hugo de Boley „ Hilton
[986] Gilbert English (Anclicus) ,, Wadefat
[987] Gorvase de Tinthagel „ Hornicote
EXETER.'
with appurtenances 59 foa-
71 »
»
20 „
if
10 *
>»
>»
12)..
7 ..
»>
in
>i
i»
»
I n
it
1 V
ff
6 M
f
1 .1
f*
5 n
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"FEES OF THE BISHOP OF EXETER.' 567
Testa de Neva,
p. 187b.
[988] Huward de Bykeley holds in Tefris with appurtenances J fee.
[989] Henry William's son „ Rsteradoc „ 4 fees.
[990] Reginald of Wales and ) ( E^**™*} )
[991] William Richard's son „ Plevint „ 1 „
[992] Richard de Rupa „ Tremkderbd „ 8§ „
[998] Henry de la Pomerey „ Treguin „ 1 „
[994] William Richard's son „ Trbnewyd „ J „
[995] The heir of John deMuntagu,, Elerki [St Buryan] „ 1 „
[996] Archebold le Flemang „ Bray „ 7 „
[997] Will" de Walebeu „ Hutheno „ 1 „
[988] Walter de Donastanfil ) q^™^ i
(Dunstervil) J » Thihidi » 1 »
[999] Abbot of Tavistock „ Rame and Sevioc „ 6J „
(1000] Ralph de Sureni „ Fawyton „ i „
[1001] ) / Carneton )
[1002] J Ralph de Toney „ { Bluston J „ J lt
[1003] ) ( Heleston )
[1004] ) tt rp, . I Alwarton ) ,
[10051 J Henry Thieys „ ^ Thywarneyle ) „ i„
essa } ™- ** «**«* .. { esssl } .. * ..
[1008] ) / Merthin
[1009] } Gervase de Tinthagel „ J Wimaniton and
[1010] ) ( Thambrton
[Total 224| + * + A]
A glance shows that the first four entries contain the
names of honours — Trematon, Cardinan, Lantian, Middeland
or Launceston — which include Devonshire as well as Cornish
estates. If we except these and the seven fees held by
Archebold le Fleming in Bray (No. 996), all the other places
named are in Cornwall The question then occurs, What
can the Bishop have to do with these honours and Cornish
fees ? It is certain that they are not fees of the sea These
amounted to no more than 38J (Trans, xxxiii. 627). We
turn then to the pages of Testa de Nevil dealing with Corn-
wall for help. There, on the very first page (201), we find
the following : —
II. "AID GRANTED IN THE 19TH YEAR OF KING HENRY
[ill., i.e. A.D. 1234] TOWARDS MARRYING ISABELLA THE
KING'S SISTER TO FREDERIC THE ROMAN EMPEROR.
" Henry de Bodeg've and Simon de Brakol' collectors of the
Aid of the Earl [com. more probably = comitis than comitatus] of
Cornwall account for £69 3 4 from Reginald de Valletorta (one
of the EarPs tenants]. In the Treasury £48 3 10 from 59 fees.
"The same collectors account for £59 4 4 from 71 Mortain
fees of Andrew de Cardinan. In the Treasury £58 118 and he
owes 12/4."
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
568 "FEES OF THE BISHOP OF EXETER" IN
Summarising the entries in tabular form we have the
following. Errors are starred : —
No. of
Ref. No. Mortain Amount In the Oft-
p. 201a. Freeholder. Place. Fees. due. Treasury. staodiig.
[1656] Reginald de Valletorta [in Trematon] 59 ...69# 3 4...48 3 10...[0 19 «
[1657] Andrew de Cardinan { ^ B*terdel] } 71 -59 4# 4"58 U 8*~ ° l2 *
[1658] Matilda de Lucy and l Fin Mineli and UQ 16 u 4 15 1 0..1B*
Robert Walter 8 son ( Lantian] J
[1659] Herbert de Pinn and \
Walter , William's ( [in Mideland] 10 ... 8 6 8... 6 9 8... 1 17 0
son in right of their 1 L J
wives by heirship )
[1660] Wm de Botereus in Calcarn 12$.. .10 8 4.. .10 8 4... disehi?*
[1661] Ralph Blowo1 in Polrbde 7 ... 6 3 4#.. 4 2 6... 0 40 10
[1662] Simon Pincerna in Lanho J .. 0 8 4... 0 8 4... disehrfli
[1663] Richard Burdun in Penros J... 0 8 4... 0 8 4... dSschrgi
[1664] Henry de Heriz in Ebbeford 1 ... 0 16 8... 0 16 8
[1665] Rob'deBikeleg, which )
JWSSffl taH°«- ••••«» «••■ * 3 *
wife )
[1666] Henry de Heriz in Ebbeford 1 ... 0 16 8... 0 16 8... diachrgd
[1667] Gervase de Tintagel* inHoRNicoTE I „ o „ « q ai a 14 *i
and in Tintagel ] 5 - 4 3 4- 8 8 *■ ° " *
[1668] Huward de BykeP in Traverm J... 0 8 4... 0 8 4... dischrgd
[1669] Henry William's son in Recradoc 4 ... 3 6 8... 2 9 8... 0 17 0
[1670] Reginald of WTales ( in Tredamedon )
and Henry de { Tredaet 5 3 ... 2 10 0... 2 6 8... 0 3 4
Tredaet ( Trelowyen )
[1671] Will" Richard's son in Plenant 1 ... 0 16 8... 0 16 8... dischrgd
[1672] Richard de Rupe in Tremorderet 3J... 2 15 5|* 1 7 10J.1 7 %
[1673] Henry de la Pomeray in Tregeny 1 ... 0 16 8... 0 16 8... dischrgd
[1674] John de Montacute, \
™ * n&K in E™ l - ° " »••■ ° w 8- ^
right of his wife J
[1675] Archenbold le Fleming in Bray )
with other appurtenances in Devon J '
f 1676] Will™ Walbrewes in Huthenho 1 .
[1677] Walter de Dunstervill in Tyhidi 1
[1678] Will1", son of Richard uiTrbnowitht
son of I von, with appurtenances »
[1679] Bartholomew Toret in Streton 1
[1680] William de Borard [in Hemston] 2 .
[1681] Prior of Tywarderc [in Tywardret] 1 .
( in Karne8Ton, \
[1682] Ralph de Tony j Bluston, and 5 }... 0 8 4... 0 8 4... dischip
I Helveston J
[1688] Walter de Gordavill ( inLiscARET* \
of new feofment by < Tywabnerl 5 i... 0 7* 4... 0 2 94*0 5 '
Earl R[ichard] / )
[1684] Gervase de Tintagel 1 inWiNNiNTON \ ,
of new feofment by < [Merthin] J ^tf... 0 0 10... 0 0 10... disehi$d
Earl R. ( k Tamerton )
1 See Maclean's Trigg Minor, iii. 121.
8 According to Maclean (Trigg Minor, iii. 147), Hornioote was fast
granted by Henry, the son of Earl Reginald, to Gervase de Tintagel H«
5 16
8..
. 1 5
0..
.4 11 3
0 16
8..
. 0 16
8..
. dischrgd
0 16
8..
. 0 16
8..
. dischrgd
0 8
4..
. 0 8
4..
. dischrgd
0 16
8..
. 0 16
8..
. dischrgd
1 13
4..
. 1 13
4
0 16
8..
. 0 16
8
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"TESTA DE NEVIL," p. 187. 569
It should be noted, as to 1680 and 1681, that the col-
lectors are not said to account for these, but William de
Borard and the Prior of Ty warderc themselves.
Then follows a further set of entries, headed
" FROM THOSE WHO HAVE NO CAPITAL HONOURS IN THIS COUNTY."
Amount In the Oat-
f. 20 lb due. Treasury, standing.
1685] The Abbot of Tavistock [in Rame and 1 -5 6 8]... 5 4# 4...0 8 4
Savyok] on 4 whole fees, 8 marks J dischrgd in Devon
[1686] Ralph de Sollvny, in Fanwiton, J fee . 0 4 2 ... 0 4 2...dischgd
[1687] Henry the German (Tcutonicus) in AlO a g 4 _ o 8 4
warton and Tywarnayl, £ fee / " "v
[1688] Bishop of Exeter, 10 whole fees . . 13 6 8 ...13 6 8... dischgd
[1689] [188 1 10J]
[1690] The sum of the whole of the above treasure is 185 10 0 which
[1691] they acknowledge to have received, ==
of which they have paid in two tallies 60 0 0
[1692] [and] 119 12 9i
[1693] and they owe 5 18* 3J*
[1694] [185 11 1]
It is clear that under 1656 instead of LXIX. we should read
XLIX.
Under 1657 (a) we should read
W »» »t • • •
„ 1661 the amount owing on 7 fees should be
1672
3i
1683 „ ,,
i
16836
1685 we should read
.
1693 „
.
£59 3 4 not £59 4
4
£58 11 0 „ £58 11
8
£5 16 8 „ £6 3
4
£2 15 7 „ £2 15
5*
0 8 4,, 07
4
0 2 9,, 02
94
£5 3 4,, £5 4
4
£5 17 2J „ £5 18
3*
If these corrections are made, setting off + 1/ in 1657 (a) against
- 1/ in 1683, and reducing
reducing No. 16576 by 0
„ 1672 „ 0
„ 16836 „ 0
,, 1685 „ 0
0 8
o H
0 0±
1 0
Total 0
1 10
the total 1689 will be reduced to 188 0 0J
Deductiig 1680 and 1681 2 10 0 as not passing thro' the collectors* hands,
the result 185 10 0$ agrees with the total in 1690.
died in 1208, and was succeeded by his son, Robert de Tintaiol. In 1219
the sheriff of. Cornwall was commanded to resume into the King's hands aU
the lands whi h Henry the Earl's son had granted out, excepting the lands
which belonged to Robert de Tintajel (Rot Fin. 5 Hen. III. m. 8). Robert
died before 31st March, 1224. In a writ of that date, W. Briwer, jun., is
described as "son and heir of Robert Tintagel " (Rot Claus. 8 Hen. HI.).
Nevertheless, Gervase de Tintagel succeeded Robert in the Cornish fees
(Maclean, iii. 148), called also Gervase de Hornicote. His line ended in
two daughters, Cenota and Sara. Sara married Roger Carminow, and had
three sons and one daughter. Cenota had a daughter, Margery, who died
without issue.
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570 "FEES OF THE BISHOP OF EXETER" IN
Comparing the items of the Am with the " Fees of the
Bishop of Exeter " it will be seen that if we exclude Nos.
1680 and 1681, which did not pass through the collectors'
hands, and No. 1688, the Bishop's see fees, the two lists are
identical. There is one error, however, in the Aid. Under
1666 Henry de Heriz' 1 fee is repeated from 1664 instead of
Gilbert English's 1 fee (986). There are also certain
differences of spelling, which show that the lists are in-
dependent of one another and not copies. Presumably
Henry Thieys (No. 1004) is meant for Henry Teutsch, as
in No. 1687 he is called Teutonicus. Torold's son of
No. 984 is Toret of No. 1679. Boley of No. 985 is
Boney of No. 1665, and is stated to hold in right of his
wife, the heiress of Bikely. The heir of John de Monta-
cute of No. 995 is in No. 1674 said to be Michael Nicolas'
son in right of his wife. The 10 fees in Middelond of which
Bruer is the holder in No. 978 are stated in No. 1659 to be
held by Herbert de Pine and Walter William's son in right
of their respective wives. Thalcarn of No. 979 is Calcarn
of No. 1660. William Eichard's son of No. 994 is stated
to be grandson of Ivon in No. 1678. William de Walebeu
of No. 997 is written William Walbrewes in No. 1676.
Balph de Sureni of No. 1000 is written Kalph de Sollyny
in No. 1685.
Next it is clear that since the fees of the Aid are all little
fees, except when otherwise stated, those of the Bishop are
little fees also. The Black Book (pp. 94, 98), dealing with
Somerset, states that " three Mortain fees render the same
service to the King as two ordinary fees " ; and (p. 99) that
"a Mortain fee only discharges the service of two-thirds
of a knight's fee, and is known as a little fee." From this
Aid, however, it is clear that in Cornwall the proportion
was slightly different. When an entire fee paid 2 marks
(No. 1685), or £1 6s. &d.9 a Mortain fee paid 1J marks
(Nos. 1676, 1677), 16s. 8d. The proportion, therefore, was
8 Mortain fees = 5 entire fees. Accordingly the Abbot of
Tavistock's 6£ Mortain fees (No. 999) in the Bishop's list
are represented by 4 entire fees in the Aid (No. 1685).
The exact proportion would have given 6f Mortain fees.
The Bishop of Exeter's 10 entire fees paid the equivalent
of 16 Mortain fees (No. 1688). The mention of Mortain
fees also shows that the estates referred to must be those
which were held by the Earl of Mortain in Domesday.
Yet another point. The Aid consists of two parts, viz.
(1) the Aid from the Earl of Cornwall's fees and (2) the
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"TESTA DE NEVIL," p. 187.
571
Aid "from those who have no capital honours in the county"
[of Cornwall]. As " the Bishop's Fees," with the exceptions
named, are identical with the Aid, it follows that "the
Bishop's Fees" also represent Cornish fees (1) of the Earl
and (2) of out-county honours. For information as to the
Earl of Cornwall's fees we naturally turn to the Black
Book of the Exchequer. There, on page 131, we find a
return of these fees made by Earl Reginald in 1166 as
folio ws : —
in. return {carta) of earl Reginald.
Liber Niger, p. 181.
The Barony of Earl Reginald in Cornwall is as follows : —
[251] Ralph de Valletort holds a fee of .
[252] Richard de Luci holds of his ancient fee
and of the fee of Adam Malherbe .
[253] Robert William's son has a fee of
and of the fee of Walter Hai .
[254] William de Boterellis (eaux) has a fee of
[255] Roger de Mandavill has a fee of .
[256] Richard William's son
[257] Gralan
[258] Richard Alured's son
[259] Galfred Baldwin's son
[260] The Prior of Triwardreit
[261] Ralph de Tremodret
[262] Daniel de Botton
[263] William the Earl's brother
59 knights, as well in Devon as in
Cornwall [Trematon]
10 knights [Mineli and]
•9 do. [Lantian, No. 977]
51 knights [Cardinan and]
20 do. [Botardel, No. 976]
12 knights [Thalcarn, No. 979 1
4 knights [In 1211 Robert Tin-
tajol accounted for
4 fees which had been
Roger de Mande-
ville's, No. 987J
5
7
1
10
2
H
4
[264] Ralph de Borehard „ 2
[de Bosco Roardi in Trans, xxziii. 382]
[295] Hoel and Jordan „ 3
[266] William de Dun
S267] Henry de Pomeria
268] Richard Osul's son
[269] Eiulph
[270] Erkenbald S[imon's son
Sum of the above
[Randolph Blowio in
Polrode, No. 980]
[William Bruer in
Middelond, No. 978]
Accounted for himself
in JuD. 1234
([Richard de Rupa in
Tremodret, No. 992]
[Henry William's son
in Recradoc, No. 989]
Accounted for himself
in A.D. 1234
[Reginald of Wales
and Henry Tredaet,
No. 990]
1 „
3 „
1 „
1 „
*8 knights, as well in Devon as in
Cornwall [Archebold
le Fleming in Bray,
No. 996]
215* knights.
I strongly suspect that in this return, under No. 252,
Adam de Malherbe's fees should be 10 instead of 9, and
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
572 "FEES OF THE BISHOP OF EXETER" IN
under No. 270 Erkenbald's should be 7 instead of 8 (see
Trains, xxxiii. 382). The total will then remain unaltered.
The following entry, under date of 1346, in Feudal Aids,
p. 439, supports me: Baldwin le Flemyng is charged 35
marks for 8 fees, viz. \ fee in Esse [Ash Eogus in Braunton],
and \ fee in Bodyngdon [Benton] and Haggeston [Haxon,
both in Bratton Fleming] In the C° of Devon [held] of the
Honour of Braneys and for 7 fees in Bratton [Fleming],
Hautebray [High Bray] and Bray in the same C° and in the
C° of Cornwall [held] as of the Honour of Launceu[s]ton.
It has been already seen that 3 fees are mentioned but
not accounted for by the collectors of the Aid, viz. Wm.
de Borehard's 2 fees (No. 264) and the Prior of Triwordret's
1 fee (No. 260). These 3 fees do not appear at all among
the " Bishops Fees," probably because before 1234 they had
ceased to belong to the Earldom of Cornwall. Borehard's
2 fees had been transferred to the Honour of Gloucester
(Traits, xxxiii 382). The Prior's was looked upon as held
in free alms. If these are deducted we have (215J-3)
21 2 J fees to represent that portion of the "Bishop's Fees"
which belonged to the Earl in 1166. The difference between
224| + £ + ^ and 212 J is 12} + ^, and this number must
represent either fees held of honours not in the county or
else new fees created since 1166. Nos. 1685-7 are fees
not held of the Earl but of out-county honours. They in-
clude the Abbot of Tavistock's 6£ fees (Nos. 999, 1685),
Ealph de Sollyny's i fee (Nos. 1000, 1686), and Henry
the German's £ fee (Nos. 1004, 1687), and amount to
7^ fees. New fees certainly include Walter de Godarvill's
i fee (Nos. 1006, 1683) and Gervase de Tintagel's ^ fee
(Nos. 1009, 1684), because these are stated to be of new
feofment. As no fractional fees appear in Earl Reginald's
return, probably the additional £ fee of William de
Botreaux8 (979), the £ fee of Simon Pincerna (981), the
| fee of Richard Burdun (982), the ? fee of Huward de
Bykely (988), the £ fee of William Richard's son (994), the
\ fee of Ralph de Toney (1001), are all also of new feofment,
besides the 1 fee of William de Walebeu (997) and the 1 fee
of Walter de Dunstarvil (998). They amount to 5J + ^
fees ; the two together [7} + 5| + *V] to 12J +^.
a It seems probable from Maclean's Trigg Minor, vol. ill. 57 n., that this
J fee represents a small estate at Canta. Maclean states that it was found at
an Inquest held at Camelford 6 Hen. VI., that John Pengelly, Wm.
Botreaux, and Benedict Carlethian held between them £ small fee in Canta,
which was not asserted because no one of them held £ fee.
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"TESTA DE NEVIL," p. 187. 573
It only remains for us to say a word as to the date of the
list of "The Bishop's Fees" in Testa de Nevil. In this
we are helped by the date of the Aid 19 Hen. III., i.e.
a.d. 1234, and the fact mentioned in note 2 that the younger
Gervase de Tintagel, alias de Hornicote, was not in posses-
sion of Hornicote in succession to Eobert before 1224. It
may be gathered that the Bishop's list was earlier than the
Aid (1) because the list mentions in general terms "the
heir of John Muntagu " (995), whereas the Aid specifies the
heir as being Michael Nicolas' son in right of his wife (1674) ;
and (2) because the list mentions William Bruer as the
holder of 10 fees in Middelond (978), whereas the Aid shows
Herbert de Pine and Walter William's son to be the holders
in right of their wives (1659). It cannot, however, be very
much earlier, because all the other names are the same.
The suggestion which is here offered is that it dates from
the year 1227, and that it was drawn up at the time, either
when the King came of age (9th January, 1227)4 and the
Bishop surrendered his custodianship of the county of Corn-
wall to Kichard, the King's brother, in pursuance of the
King's grant, or else when Eichard came of age a year or
two later.
Henry, the son of Earl Eeginald, received on the death
of his father in 1175 a grant of the whole county of
Cornwall from Henry II. to hold in farm, which grant was
confirmed to him in fee by Henry III. in 1216 (Dugdale's
Baronage, i 611; Maclean's Trigg Minor, iii. 147), the
county including not only the fee of the Earl of Cornwall,
but estates belonging to out-county honours.
Two years before his death (Trans, xxix. 456, n. 5; Hundred
Rolls, No. 23, p. 79 ; Eisdon's Notebook, p. 74) in 4 Hen. III.,
a.d. 1219, Henry rebelled against the King, and the King in
consequence resumed the county of Cornwall (Dugdale,
i. 611). In 1220 the sheriff was commanded to take into the
King s hands all the lands which Henry the Earl's son had
given out of the King's domains to his knights and servitors
during the time that he held the county of Cornwall, ex-
cepting the lands which belonged to Eobert de Tintajel
(Rot. Fin. 5 Hen. III. m. 9 in Maclean's Trigg Minor, iii. 147).
On 10th August, 1231, Henry gave the whole county of
Cornwall, with the stannaries and franchises appurtenant, to
4 Turner, Select Pleas of the Forest (Seldon Society), p xcv. , states that
although a seal was made for Henry III. in the third year of his reign, the
council issued an ordinance declaring that no perpetual grants should be made
hy the King till he came of age, which occurred in 1227 {ibid, xcviii.).
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
574 "FEES OF THE BISHOP OF EXETER."
his brother Richard, whom he had made Earl of Cornwall in
1226 (Oliver, History of Exeter, p. 184), and on 10th October,
1239, he gave him the Forest of Dartmoor (Charter Roll, 33,
m. 1 ; Turner's Select Pleas of the Forest, cvii.) and the Castle
of Lidford (Maclean, loc. cit.). Before the King came of age
in 1227 and before his brother Richard came of age, someone
must have acted as custodian, and who so likely as the
Bishop ? Our conjecture becomes almost a certainty when
it is discovered that the list of the " Bishop Fees " is, with
the variations named, identical with the list of fees in the
county of Cornwall from which, in 1234, the Aid was
levied.
The writer is not sufficiently acquainted with the early
history of Cornwall to attempt the equation of the 16 fees
of Earl Reginald in 1166 — viz. MandeviTs 4 fees (255),
Richard William's son's 5 fees (256), Richard Alured's son's
1 fee (258), William de Dun's 1 fee (266), Pomeray's 3 fees
(267), only one of which represents Tregony, Richard Osul's
son's 1 fee (268), and Eiulph's 1 fee (269)— with the 16
of the Bishop's fees represented by Heriz's 1 fee (983),
Torold's son's 1 fee (984), Hugo de Boley's 5 fees (985),
Gilbert English's 1 fee (986), Gervase de Tintagel's 5 fees
(987), William Richard's son's 1 fee (991), Pomeray's 1 fee
(993), and Muntagu's 1 fee (995). But to assist those who
may be disposed to undertake the task, he ventures to
point out that Mandevil's 4 fees, together with perhaps 1 of
Pomeroy's, may make up the 5 fees held by Gervase de
Tintagel, seeing that the Pipe Rolls quoted by Maclean
{Trigg Miner, iii. 148) state that in 1211 Robert Tintajol
accounted for 4 fees which had been Roger de Mandevil's.
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TORRINGTON, DEVON— TORRINGTON,
CONNECTICUT.
BT GEORGE M. DOB.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
The subject of the admirable presidential address of last
year by Sir Roper Lethbridge suggested the idea to me of
writing this paper, and I trust it will not be deemed in-
appropriate as a little addendum thereto, being another
instance of the fraternal feeling which exists between our-
selves and our cousins across the Atlantic.
The intercourse between the two Torringtons of Con-
necticut and Devonshire commenced some nineteen years
ago, and has been continued up to the present time, and I
propose in this paper to briefly describe the same.
Before doing so, however, I will give a few particulars of
Torrington in America taken from the " Souvenir Edition "
of the Torrington Register, one of the daily papers of Tor-
rington, Connecticut.
The town lies in the valley of the Naugatuck River, which
divides it, and is spanned by several bridges. It is cele-
brated as the birthplace of John Brown, " the man who,"
to use the words of the Register, "gave slavery its death
thrust, who was born May 9th, 1805, in the house still
standing, and the Mecca of many pilgrims." The popu-
lation in 1897 was over 10,000, and was then rapidly in-
creasing, and the principal industries are in brass, wood-
turning, casting, and machine work.
I cannot, however, agree with the American derivation of
"Torrington," though it is at any rate original. " The name
is made up," says the Register, " from three old Saxon and
Briton words — tor, a hill ; hring, a circle ; and ton, a town.
Hence it means a hill-encircled town." In 1883 the then
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
576 TORRINGTON, DEVON — TORRINGTON, CONNECTICUT.
Mayor of Great Torrington received a letter written on
behalf of the above-named paper, asking for particulars of
the town, which were duly furnished to the editor, and the
arms of the borough of Great Torrington, Devon, appeared
at the head of the Torrington Register, and have ever since
been used by that paper as a " trade-mark."
The intercommunication thus established between the two
towns was not allowed to entirely drop, and in September,
1897, 1 received a letter from the Eev. John Chauncey Linsley,
the Eector of Trinity Church, Torrington, Connecticut, asking
me to send him a stone from the parish church of Great
Torrington to be built in the walls of the new Trinity
Church then being erected, and to be, as the rector put it,
" another link binding together two great branches of that
Church whose faith is one." This request I at once com-
plied with, and with the consent of the Eev. Frank Emlyn
Jones, the Vicar of Great Torrington, obtained one of the old
stones from the church and forwarded it to the Eev. J.. C.
Linsley, and in due course received an acknowledgment
from him, with a photograph of the stone, which had been
mounted on a slab of Sienna marble with an inscription,
and placed in the tower vestibule of the new church in
America.
The cost of doing this was borne by one of the parish-
ioners, Mr. John Davey, a Devonshire man, who had been in
his boyhood confirmed in the parish church of Great Tor-
rington by the late Dr. Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter.
In 1899 Mr. Davey came to England and paid a visit to
Great Torrington, after an absence of fifty years, and
renewed his acquaintance with many old friends of his
native place.
It is, I think, a very interesting circumstance that a North
Devon man, who spent his early days in and near Great
Torrington, Devon, should have found his way to its name-
sake in America, and shown his love for the older Torrington
in so fitting a way as by helping to place a bit of the old
Devonshire church in the walls of the new American one,
and it is gratifying to find such a warm and brotherly feeling
existing between two towns of the same name, but so widely
separated as Devonshire and Connecticut — a feeling which
not only exists between individual towns, but is, and may we
hope ever will be, cordially maintained between the two
great English-speaking countries, so happily expressed in
the title chosen by Sir Eoper Lethbridge for his address of
" Hands across the Sea."
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Digitized by VjOOQ lC
TRINITY CHURCH, TORRINGTON, CONNECriCUT
To face p. 577.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
TORRINGTON, DEVON — TORRINGTON, CONNECTICUT. 577
Since writing these notes I have received, by the kindness
of the Rev. J. C. Linsley, some further particulars of our
American namesake, as well as a plate by which I am
enabled to give an illustration of Trinity Church.
He informs me that the population of Torrington, Con-
necticut, has now reached 14,000, and that the town is still
increasing in every way — the United States Government
having just appropriated 60,000 dollars for a post office
building for the town.
On the occasion of the funeral of our late beloved Queen,
a service was held in Trinity Church, the rector preaching
from the text, "Well done, good and faithful servant/*
the lectern on the occasion being entwined with the flags
of England and America — the "Union Jack" and the
"Stars and Stripes." The church was crowded.
vol. xxxiv. 2 o
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NEIGHBOUKS OF NOETH WTKE.
Part IL
IN SOUTH TAWTON (continued).
BY ETHEL LKGA-WBBKB8.
(Read at Bidfiibrd, July, 1902.)
My project, hinted at last summer, of dealing this year
with extracts relating to "Neighbours" to the northward
of North Wyke has had to be abandoned — or at least
indefinitely deferred — in view of unexpected accretions of
material concerning those in the parish of South Tawton.
Not only have my researches in the London depositories
been rewarded with some satisfactory "finds," but from
local sources I have been favoured with an abundance of
authentic and valuable information.
Sir Eoper Lethbridge has very kindly allowed me to
make extracts from a number of ancient documents1 in his
possession ; and by the kind courtesy of Mr. John Sampson,
of Melrose House, Exeter, and of his solicitor, Mr. Orchard,
of Castle Street, I have had the privilege of examining two
or three boxes full of old deeds1 pertaining to the manor
of Itton, of which Mr. Sampson is now the lord.
Mr. William Curson Brely, too (of Hillside, South Zeal),
has most obligingly given me access to the deeds1 of all his
and his wife's properties in the parish, including Taw
Green, to which one division of this paper will be devoted ;
and other residents have readily assisted me in the work of
place-identification. a
1 In the following pages extracts from these will be distinguished re-
spectively by the initials R. L., J. S., and W. B.
8 I am also greatly indebted to the Rev. 0. J. Reichel, M.A., for Domesday
criticisms, exact references, etc. ; to Edward Salisbury, Esq., B.A., of the
Record Office, for elucidations of old documents ; to W. E. Mugford, Esq., of
Exeter, for extracts from Bishops' Registers ; and to Reynell Upham, Esq., of
Exeter, for gleanings from Calendars of Wills, etc.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 579
"DOMESDAY" NOTES.
For the convenience of some who will see this paper
without having access to volumes of the Transactions, I
venture to offer this explanation : —
The Domesday Survey was a special census of all the
manors in England, undertaken by William the Conqueror's
Commissioners (1080-1086), in order to register the amount
of " geld " due from each, its acreage, the names of its then
tenant and pre-Conquest tenant, and other particulars ascer-
tained from a jury summoned in each hundred-court.
The rolls of this Survey are lost except a portion of that
for the county of Cambridge;8 but the Exon. Domesday
Book is a contemporary redaction of such rolls as related to
the western counties. It is sometimes described as a literal
transcript, but from inference, as well as from comparison
with the Cambridge roll, it is obvious that the Exeter
scribes rearranged the material supplied by the perambu-
latory survey, taking names of chief tenants for their basis
of classification instead of geographical districts. Unfortu-
nately, in doing this they omitted to record the hundred or
precise locality in which the (often widely scattered) holdings
of a particular lord were situated, and further confusion
has been occasioned by a mediaeval re-sorting and re-binding
of the membranes constituting the Exon. D. In the Devon-
shire Association's edition of Domesday, wherein the Exon.
and Exchequer versions are collated, some of the Exon.
entries have been taken out of their own sequence so as to
correspond with that of the Exchequer.
A theory has been developed that for the Exon. D. the
names of each tenant's holdings were selected from roll
after roll of the " Survey " in a definitely prescribed order,
affording a clue to their locality ; but one would imagine
that in the collaboration of several scribes any such arbi-
trary order must have been liable to infringements, and,
indeed, if I understand aright, it is admitted that instances
of deviation are not lacking.
In the Exchequer Domesday (completed at Winchester,
1086), being a digest of the Commissioners' returns from all
the counties of England, the entries were condensed, and
were rearranged in again a different order. Its spelling of
8 Cott. MS. Tib. A. vi. 4. Vide P. C. Webb's paper, Soc. Antiq. 1756.
Brit. Mus. 677, h, 26, and Dr. de Gray Birch in Domesday Commemoration
Studies.
2 0 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
580 NEIGHBOUBS OF NORTH WYKB.
proper names, too, varies from the Exon. D.9 so that alto-
gether many serious complications have to be wrestled with
in the Herculean labour of Domesday place-identification.
The Geld Boll of 1083, a somewhat similar census record,
does not enter into the same details, and omits some of the
hundreds altogether. Only one "Tauetona" appears in it,
and that is evidently North Tawton.
EXTRACTS.
[The Exchequer copy gives the heading "Terra Regis," and the
sub-heading " Haec subsequentia maneria ten v it Ghida mater Heraldi
conntis."]
DOMENICATUS REGIS IN DEVENESIRA
TAUETONA [ExcJieq. TAVETONE].
Hex habet i mansionem quae uocatur Tauetona quam
tenuit Guitda ea die qua rex Eduuardus fuit uiuus et
mortuus et reddidit gildum pro iii hidis et i virga. Has
possunt arrare 1 carrucaB. Inde habet rex dimidiam hidam
et viii carruca8 in dominio et villani i hidam et dimidiam
et i ferdinum et xxxvi carrucas. Ibi habet rex 1 uillanos
et xxx bordarios et xii seruos et c animalia et cccc oues et
lxx capras et ii leugas nemoris in longitudine et ii quadra-
genarias in latitudine et lx agros prati et iiii leugas pascue
in longitudine et iiii leugas in latitudine. Haec mansio reddit
xlviii libras ad pensum et quando Balduinus recepit earn
reddebat tantumdem.
In ista mansione est i mansio quae uocatur Aissa quam
tenuit Uluricus pariter ["pro manerio" in Exchequer copy]
ea die qua rex Eduuardus fuit uiuus et mortuus et reddidit
gildum pro i uirga et dimidia. Hanc possunt arare iii
carrucae. Ibi habet rex vi uillanos et habent iii carrucas
et ibi habet rex i senium et x agros prati et viii agros
pascuae. Haec ualet xxx solidos et est occupata in supra-
dicta mansione tempore Willelmi regis. (Lib, Cens. Exon, D.
p. 84 ; Devon. Assoc. Devon Domesday, p. 40 ; and see Trans,
xxviii., W. 39.)
TEKRM OCCUPATA*
AISSA
Eex ht i mans' q vocat Tauetona Huic addita e qda
mans q vocatr Aissa q ten' Oluuric parit' ea die q rex E.
f. u. & m. Hec occupata e cu pdcta mans tepr reg. W. &
val p ann. xxx801.
4 "Terne occupata" were lands that had been held by " thanes " (or
Saxon peers ?), and that after the Conquest were annexed, with or without
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
NEIGHBOUKS OF NORTH WYKK. 581
TAUELANDA.
Willelm' hostiari' 6 h't i mansione qu: uocat' Tauelanda q
tenuit i tagn* parit' ea die qa rex E. f. u. and m. & reddebat
d'mce mansioni regis q: uocat' e Tauetona, aut i boue aut xxx
denario8 p annu & pq° W. hostiari' ea' tenuit n habuit inde
rex c'suetudine' sua.
PATFORDA.
Osbn' de salciet h't i mans* q: vocat Patforda q tenuit
i tegn' parit' ea die q rex E. f. u. & m. & reddebat d'mce
mansioni regis q: vocat Tauetona aut i boue* aut xxx denar'
j> annu de c'suetudine & pq° Osbn' ea' tenuit n habuit rex
c'suetudine' sua.
ESCAPELEIA.
Girold' capellan' ht i mans* q: uocat Escapeleia q tenuit
i tagn' parit. ead' die q: rex (etc.) sed tarn' reddebat dmce
mansioni regis q uocat Tauetona x sol p annu' de c'suetu-
dine & pq° G ea' tenuit n habuit rex c'suetudine* sua. {IAbr.
Cens. Exon. D. pp. 458, 460. Vide Trans, xxviii., W. 1,165,
1,057, 1,166, 1,167.)
TERILffi SERVIENTIUM REGIS.
TAWELANDA.
Willelmus Hostiarius habet i mansionem quae vocatur
Tauelanda quam tenuit Godericus ea die . . . (etc.) et
reddidit gildum pro i. uirga. Hanc possunt arare iii
carrucae Et modo tenet eandem Eobertus de Willelmo Inde
habet Eobertus i ferlinum et i carrucam in dominio Et
uillani iii ferlinos et i carrucam et dimid. Ibi habet
Eobertus iii villanos et ii servos et xii animalia et vi porcos
et xxx oues et x agros nemoris et viii agros prati et 1
agros pascuse. Haec ualet xx801 et quando Willelmo recepit
eandem ualebat x solidos.
CRUC.
Willelmus habet i mansionem quae vocatur Cruc quam
tenuit Ailuuardus ea die (etc.) et reddidit gildum pro iii
uirgis. Hanc possunt arare vi carrucae. Ibi habet Will, in
the sheriffs sanction, to the manor of some Norman baron, in whose taxation
their valuation was included. The words "tenuit pariter," often rendered
"tenuit libere" in the Exchequer version, and sometimes replaced by the
phrase "held as a manor" (or its Latin equivalent), are said to mean "held
independently" or "held on an equality, or, as Mr. Reichel puts it, "held
in peerage." Certain thanes who had taken William's side were allowed to
retain their estates, a list of such being given in Domesday under the heading,
" King's Thanes." Vide T. W. W., xxxiiL 528.
5 Was he the Willmus Hostis who was one of the "Fegadri" (i.«. Fee-
gatherers) ?
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
582 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE.
dominio i uirgam et ii carrucas, et uillani ii uirgas et iiii
carrucas. Ibi habet Will, x uillanos et iii bordarioe et vi
servos et i roncinum et xi animalia et v porcos et 1
oues et xxiii agros prati et dimidium et CC. agros pasciue,
et valet per annum xxx solidos et quando Will, recepit
x sol.
Hec mansiones ii ["Heec duo maneria" in Exchequer
copy] sunt de excambio terrarum WillelmL
W illelmus habet i uirgam terrae quam possunt arare ii
carrucse et Eadulfus tenet endem de Willelmus. Ibi habet
Badulfus i senium et i ancillam et reddit per annum v
solidos et hec de excamgiis Willelmi. {Lib, Cens. Exon. D.
p. 439; Devon. Assoc. D. pp. 1135-6).
SPECULATIONS.
Allison in South Tawton being unquestionably the
" Allingeston ... in the manor of Suthtautone," from which
certain rents, besides profits of " waste," were granted by
King John, when Earl of Mortain, to the Priors of Canons-
legh (vide p. 593), one naturally turns to the pages of
Domesday Book to seek for it under the heading of the Earl
of Mortain's holdings.
One finds among these, and in other parts of Domesday,
several names that closely correspond to it in sound ; and a
variety of tentative identifications6 have been offered by
different writers.
A new selection would be Alwinetona7 (vide Devon.
Assoc. Domesday, p. 294, and xxviii. W. 272), an estate
held in the time of the Confessor by Ordulf,7* Earl of
Devon,™ and after the Conquest by one Hamelin under the
Earl of Mortain. It follows Ghiderleia (W. 271), which if
that were Gidleigh would allow it to come in natural geo-
graphical sequence; and, what is more, "Little Allison n
retains to this day an alias reminiscent of a Hamelin, viz.
Amblingtoo, spelt in deeds of the eighteenth century
Amlyn's Taw and Hamelyn's Taw. Still, Hamelin was not
an uncommon name, I must own, and in any case I am too
fully conscious of my own disqualifications for the inter-
6 Vide xxvi. pp. 153, 168, xxvii. 400 (?), xxviii. W. 272, and 365.
7 The objection that an *' a " was an essential part of the word is met by
he spelling Allinggedone in the charter of Edward I.
7a Ordgar, Earl of Devon and of Cornwall (Risdon), had son Ordulf. Was
the above the same, or perhaps a grandson ?
n* Vide Lysons, under " Broad Clist"
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 583
pretation of Domesday to proffer this as anything more than
a possibly significant coincidence.8
The Eev. 0. J. Keichel, who at one time held9 that
Allison was represented in Domesday by another Mortain
fee — " Aluuinestona " (W. 292) — now considers that it was
not particularised therein at all, but was included under
Tauetona ; since he has " become aware that South Tawton
itself was held of the Earls of Mortain."
On this point the evidence would seem to be rather dis-
cordant, and I have asked, Why, if South Tawton was a
Mortain honour, is it not entered as such in Domesday , nor
included later among the property of the Earls of Cornwall?1
And why, in important documents early and late, is S. T.
constantly referred to as "ancient demesne"?2 (see pp. 589,
620). And why is it declared of all the Tonys that they
" held of the king in chief " ? And why is the mill in S.
Zeal "held of H. M. Elizabeth as of her borough of Zeale" ?
And why was S. T. granted by a king (Hen. I.) to Constance
de Tony, and John Earl of Mortain's own grant confirmed by
him when king ? And why, throughout the records of S. T.f
so far as I have seen, is there never reference made to any
Earl of Mortain save John ?
But Mr. Keichers explanation is, if I understand aright,
that S. T* was not conferred upon an Earl of Mortain until
after the Domesday Inqn., and that thenceforth it could not
properly be said to be held of the king, excepting only for
certain periods, when owing to minority of heirs or treason-
able behaviour on the part of the earls, their English lands
were temporarily in the hands of the Crown ; and certainly
that such reversions were very frequent is apparent from
even a hurried perusal of Du Bois' Becherches swr la
Jformandie. *
The earliest appearance of the name South Tawton that
I have met with is in the recited grant by Henry I. (p. 588)
8 I have since noticed the statement in the Geld List that Hamelyn held
iii virgates in Mertona of the Earl of Mortain, which supports the identi-
fication with Alwington in Merton, W. 272.
9 Among Mr. Beichel's arguments for this (xxvi. 16S) is the coincidence
of four men holding in each.
1 Roughly speaking— for the statement requires some modification (vide
0. J. R., post) — the English Earls of Mortain were also Earls of Cornwall,
and held the English lands that had appertained to that earldom, and which
again went with it after the two titles had ceased to be combined in one
person.
9 From VinogradofTs Villainage in England, p. 90, I gather that to
legally rank as " ancient demesne " a manor must have been in the hands,
both of Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
584 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE.
of "the town of South Tawton" to Constance de Tony.
The next is " Sud Tauetona," as a "hundred/' in Pipe Bolls,
A.D. 1189 (xxxiii. 585). "Tauetona" alone is first found, I
believe, in the Geld Roll (1083), and the two "Tauetonas"
given in Domesday evidently stand for North and South
Tawton respectively.
Of the several suggested identifications of Domesday
"Terra Occupatse" with holdings in or near the parish of
S. Tawton, I think I may say that none have yet arrived
at the stage of crystallisation.
That of Tauelanda with Cocktree, for which Mr. Keichel
makes out a strong case, admits in my own mind of no
objections save that "Taueland" would seem to have been
an undistinctive, not to say misleading appellation8 for a
place standing so "high and dry" and remote from the
river, and that the estate with the simple and obviously
primal name of " Taw " or " Toue," lying close by the river,
and giving name to " Taw Park," " Taw Hall Meadow," " Taw
Moor," etc., might more consistently have borne the alias
of " Taweland," or, at least, have had a " Taw-land " among
its members. And would not the fact of its including a
"Taw Green Common" and "Common Meadow" point to
its having been originally a manor ?
Another estate, corresponding, I understand, in extent to
the Domesday Tawelanda, and certainly meeting the demands
as to situation, is North Wyke, which adjoins Tawe on the
north, and is bounded by the river on two sides, and which,
with Cocktree, is cut off from the manor of S. T. proper
by the wide belt constituting the manor of Itton, that
stretches from the eastern to the western extremity of the
parish.
But so far as I know we have no evidence that either
Tawe or North Wyke was ever held of Wm. Hostiarius, or
of his successors, the Brewers and Mohuns.4 On the con-
trary, as early as 1523 North wyke was held of Wadham,
and if the Eichard and John Wyke named in the Ch. Pro.
of 1463 (xxxiii. 463) were of North Wyke, as is probable,
it was at that date held of the manor of S. T. proper, as
they are described as " tenants of the Earl of Warwick."
* Mr. Reichel, by an array of examples from all over the county, has
demonstrated that appropriateness is by no means a constant element in
nomenclature.
4 Reginald Mohun [who is preceded by four Williams in succession, the
first being temp. Wm. Conq.], Baron of Dunster, married Alice, dau. and
h. [co-h., O.J.R.] of Wm. Brewer. Their grandson, John Mohun, m. Jone,
dau. to Wm. Erie Ferrers. (HarL 1,163 ; Vim. Co. Dev. p. 152.)
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
NEIGHBOUKS OF NORTH WYKE. 585
One of my correspondents, who favours the identification
of Tauelanda with North Wyke and of Aluuinestona
(W. 292) with Allison, suggests that Cocktree, which lies
almost adjacent to the Allison property, might have been
the Donicestona (W. 291) of Domesday, and might have
subsequently acquired its name of "Catreu," "Caktreu,"
"Cadatre," etc., from Mauger de Cartreo, the Domesday
holder of both Donicestona and Aluuinestona under the
Earl of Mortain. If Cocktree was not Donicestona, then
he thinks it must have been a member of Wm. Hostiarius*
neighbouring estate of Cruk, and not properly included
in S. T. manor at all. I may add that the Kev. Kobert
Hole, b.a., when owner of Cocktree, never made any payment
in respect of it to S. T. manor, and that a demand for such
was never enforced.
But in the Tax Boll for Devon of 1302 "Coketrewe
\ fee " is under the heading Sutht[awton], and Mr. Beichel
points out that though it is not named in Testa de Nevil
in the partitioning of William de Brewer's fees, it does
appear elsewhere, together with a number of estates that
had belonged to William Hostiarius — Crook Burnell, Upcote,
Cadelegh, Boleham, Mariansleigh, and Torre Mohun, among
the Mohun fees, which the Mohuns got through Wm. de
Brewer; and it was held by Burnels under Brewers and
Mohuns in succession. It is, moreover, stated in Inqs.
p.m. (see p. 638) to have been held of the manor of
Cadelegh. I believe it has not been explained how the
estates of Wm. Hostiarius came to be in the possession
of the Brewers. Possibly he had committed some treason
that caused them to be escheated to the Crown and re-
granted to aliens, or they may have passed with an heiress
of his in marriage. The Bev. Wm. Wykes-Finch, M.A., by
inter-comparison of data in Eyton's Itinerary and Bound's
Feudal England, has formed the opinion that William
Hostiarius was himself a Burnell, or at least that his direct
descendants were surnamed Burnell, and that if Tauelanda
was Cocktree, then the Bobert who held it under him was
his son, and progenitor of the Burnells who lived there for
many centuries.
In the Inq. p.m. of John de Mohun (7 Ed. I. 13) and of
John de Mohun (14 Ed. I. 23) I find the entries — in the
first Inq. under " Knights fees assigned to Alienora John's
widow, in dower," " Bads Burnel in Cruk 1 feod et val p.
annum iiiju', Johis Burnel in kaketrey dim feod. et val xx"
per annum."
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
586 NEIGHBOURS OF NOKTH WYKE.
Now xx§ per annum is just what Tauelanda was valued
at in Domesday — another strong point for Mr. Eeichel !6 Is
there any record, I wonder, of a payment of 30rf. a year
from Coktrewe to S. T.? Or did that manor ever receive
30tf. a year from any place that could represent Patford,
or 15d. for the representative of Escapeleia ?
It strikes me as a rather curious coincidence that we
have Yedeton and Allingeston close together in S. Tawton,
and we have Edetona ( = Ilton, W. 570) and Alwinestona
( = Al8ton, W. 571) both in Malborough, in "Dippeforda
hundred " [S. Devon, near Kingsbridge]. Add. Charter
5,248 treats of the manors of Edilton, alias Ethelton,
Cheverston, Saltcumbe, etc. Add. Chart., 13,013, of Stone-
cumbe, Alynton, etc., and Cart. HarL, 48 L 25, of Stan-
combe, South Alyngton, etc. The last, Mr. Eeichel says,
is Allington Crespin in Chivelstone.
The theory advanced by a pseudonymous correspondent,
" Rollo," that North Wyke in S. T. (which is said to bear
in old pedigrees the alias of Moreton Wyke) was originally
part of the possession of the Earl of Mortain in that
parish, and that it came to the Wykes through Reginald
Earl of Cornwall's dau. Maude, mother of William de
Wigornia (vide N. & Q.t London, 8th Feb. 1902), seems
unsupported by any authority.6 Yet it seems highly prob-
able that the Bellomontes or Wigornias, who were closely
allied to the royal family, to the Earls of Devon and
Cornwall, and to the S. T. manorial family of De Tony,
would have received some grant of land in that district.
I wonder whether Roger de Tony's daughter, Juliana, if
reliably referred to as Juliana de Vernon? could by any possi-
bility have acquired from a former husband the lands that
were granted in free marriage with her to Mohun ? And
whether these lands could have come through Vernons and
Cheverstons8 from Wykes8 or Wigornias ?8 In such a case
the Yedeton in S. T. might possibly have been called after
that in Malborough ; unless indeed it, or both, derived
name, as I have suggested in Dev. N. & Q.y April, 1902, from
Eddida, queen of Edward the Confessor, and dau. of Githa,
8 On the other hand, would not Domesday values have altered by the
time of Edward I. ?
6 In Banks, 208, I find that on the death of Reg. E. of C. the king
confiscated all his lands, except some that were given to his daughters, one
of whom, Maude, m. Root. E. of Mellent
7 Vide p. 599.
8 For the alleged common origin of these families I have only the
authority (?) of C. Wokthy's Devon Wills.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 587
who we know held the manor of S. Tawton in dower.
One often finds a "y" prefixed to short "e" in old names,
representing the Saxon character $ with which Ytton is
written in the grant of 1262 (see p. 599, notes 5 and 6).
I am told by Mr. Orchard that Itton pays nothing to
S. T., nor could I find any trace among its deeds of its
ever having done so, though presumably it or its members
paid a tribute prior to its subinfeudation. Ash — another
"Terra Occupata" — I suppose must have rendered 45d
yearly to the lordship of S. T., that sum being in the same
proportion to its value, xxx8,9 as the 30d rent to the xx8
value of Tauelanda.
I think that I may safely identify Ash with the £12 58 6d0
worth of land that was held by Poltimore of de Tony
as early as 1263 "by the service of a knight's fee."1 The
steps are as follows : —
John Battishill, "of West Wyke, in the manor of S. T.,"
in 1536 "held the sd messuages, lands, etc., in Westwyke,
of John Carew, of Haccombe, as of his manor of Ash"
(xxxiii. 458); Thos. B. held Middleweek, 1526, of the same.
In 1529 John Carew, late of Haccombe, died seized of the
"manor" (inter alia) of "S. Tauton" (ib. 417). Carew, in
his Scroll of Arms (vide JDev. N. & Q.y Jan. 1901, p. 65),
gives those of Warinus de Archdeken quartered by Carew de
Haccomb, and adds : " I fynde that he was a knight in Devon
in the tyme of K. E. I. [Archdeakon Warinus Miles, in my
old book Archdeken. Haccombe, Eidmore, Okehampton
hund., Combe, and South tautan 2 were his 2 H. IV., and
vide 9 H. IV. A baron 17 E. II. Jo. Archdekne, he was
drowned with H. I., children Sir Tho le Ercedekne, my old
Co. of Devon. H.]." (See xxxiii 417.)
In the Inq. 1397 of Thos. Earl of Warwick, re the
manor and hundred of S. Tawton (ib. 413), we learn that
Warinus Archediakon, Chiv., held of the sd. Earl £12
rent in the sd. manor, by military service. This evidently
corresponds to the £12 58 6d held by Bich. Poltimore of
Boger de Tony in 1263 (ib. 407). Moreover "Poltimore"
and "Poltimore Woods," still so called, are in the manor
of Ash.
8 The discrepancy between these values puzzles me, but may be explainable
by experts.
1 A8h = l knight's fee; "here the king had 6 villeins." Tauelanda
(?=Cocktree "$ fee"); there were " 8 villeins."
3 Note that the sub-manors are frequently described as N the manor of
S. T."
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
588 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE.
THE MANOR OF S. T.
AILRICHESCOT.
1199. CARTA ROGBRI DB TOBNA.*
[This parchment is much worn, and the left-hand side has been torn
away, for about the width of eight words, all the way down.]
. . . Dux Norm et Aquit' & Com And* Archepis Epls
Abftibz Com Baron Justic' Vic' Prepositis & Omibz Battiu &
fidelibz suis Stilt
Sciatis nos reddidisse et concessisse . . . e [Constancie] de
Thoeni filie Rlc Vic de Bello Monte, Cosanguinie Fire
A[i]elriche8cot' qe est I deuonia In parocti4 de Suthawthune
[Sustautoii]6 Scilt t'ra [ilia] <f Rex Hnric"8 [^m' £ ... ay' Reg
Henr' pat'is nostri dedit cu villa p'dce Suthauton] Suthauth
Costacie filie sue & Avie . . . Huj' p'dce Costacie in libm
maritagiu Habeda & Teneda sibi & heredibz suis de nob &
Hedibz n'ris libe . . . [et qiete in pace *t honorifice] cum
[omibz] ptinetis suis. In Hoib & Redd In putis & pascuiis
In viis & semit' In stagnis & Molenct In bosco & piano In
s For short account of De Tonys see Dugdale's Baronage, p. 469, from
which I note : —
[This] Roger de Tony, in 6th Rich. I., upon lowing the scutage for that
king's redemption, accounted 405. for his lands in Sussex. He obtained, as
well as Alrichescot, lands to the value of £40 per annum [Where were these
situated? In Domesday 8. T. "reddit" £48.— E. L.-W.], which bad been
due to him from King John, from the time he was Earl of Morteton [Cart.
Ant E. E. 19]. The manor of Saham in Norf. was also given him by that
king.
Ralph, his son and heir, took part with other rebellious barons against
King John, who in the 18th year of his reign granted to Waleran Teys the
manor of Flamsted in Herts, which was the Tonys' chief seat
Henry III. (17th year) made him Genera] of Forces in the Confines of
Wales, and gave him Maude Castle in Herefordsh., the custody of which
was granted to Petronilla, his widow, after his death at sea on way to Holy
Land in 23rd Henry III. His son and heir, Roger, during minority was
ward of Humph, de Bohun. He was summoned to Hereford 47th Hen. III.
to oppose the Welsh. He died 5th Ed. I. His son Ralph, who in 22nd
Ed. I. went on an expedition into Gascony and died there, left Robert, who
did homage 25th Ed. I., and the same year went to Gascony and the next to
Scotland, for departing whence without leave, 34th Ed. I., his lands in six
counties were seized. He died 3rd Ed. II., and Alice his sister, widow of
Thos. Leyburne, was his heir. {Vide also 0. J. R., post.)
1309 ? (Inq. p.m. 3rd Ed. II. 56.) Cf. Will de Leyburne and Juliana,
ux sua . . . Juliana, dau. of Thos. de Leyburne is Willm's next heir and
aged 6 yrs.
4 Mark the early reference to S. T. as a parish, and that it does not state
A. to be in the manor of S. T. — E. L.-W. Parish did not mean in our
sense parish before 1200, only a district ... As parishes are twelfth-century
creations, they are not always coterminous with manors. — O. J. R.
• The additions enclosed in brackets are supplied from Cab Rot Chart
1st John m. 16 at R. O.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 589
oibz lifet' & lib'is consuetud' . . . [& in omibz cdvencoibz
ad p'dcam tram ptint sicut] ei reddidimus & cocessimus du
[cum] essem* Com Moret\ Hiis T Witt Longespee Com'
Sar' Rob' Com Lelc Eob Com' Melleti Aumar Com . . . Elc
Vic de Bello mote & Ead fil ei' Gillefito de Aquil' Willo
de Humet' Constat Norm Warino de Glap' Bricio Cam'
Dat p man . . . Septebf Regni nri Anno p'mo.
I translate this in brief : — That We [King John] grant
to Constance de Tony, our cousin, Ailrichescot in the parish
of S. T. To wit — the same A. that King Henry I. granted
with the village (or town) of S. T. to Constance [de
Bellomonte] his daughter. ... To have and to hold to the
said Constance [de Tony] with all the appurts, customs,
profits, etc., as granted to her by Us, when We were Earl of
Mortain.
carta ejusdem rog'i8 [Defective].
. . . fidelibz suis sal't. Sciatis nos dedisse et cocessisse &
sic' jus suu redidisse & hac Carta n'ra confirmasse Rog . . .
dedebam' p homag suo q'd nob' fee* qndo eram' Coin Moret'
habend & tened illi & H . . . & he'des sui (p<p ?) ipm habeant
& teneant pfat maniu b'n In pace libe & quiete Integre
plenarie & Honorifice In bosco & . . . molenditi & Omibz
locis & Reb Cu omib' lib'tatibz & lifeis consuetud ad Manfh
illud ptinetibz Hiis T . . . Com Ebroc Robto Com Sagiesi
W. fr'e ei' Ric Vic* de Bello Mote & Rad fil of Gillebrto
de Aq'la Willo de Hum . . . Ap Cenoc xxij die Septebr
Regni nri' anno primo. (Rec. OflL Chartae Antiquae E. E.
Nos. 18 and 19.)
SUTHAWTONE.
1272-1282 ? [" Late Ed. I. ? " Cal.]
Veredcni iurat' de Sutthawton'.
Scilt — Witti le Prouz Johls Burnel Witti de Caketru
Ynon* Cole Johls de Wike 't Randulph de Goseford.
Qui dicunt. Que 't quot man'ia Rex h't in manu sua 't
c* nich sciunt. Io Que *t c* mania e'e solent in manibz Regu
p'decessor reg' *t c' Dicunt scdm q'd intelligunt q'd man'm
de Suthawton erat qonda in manu dm reg' Henr p'ini fil
Willi le Bastard de antiquo Dmco ptin' ad Corona 't p ip'm
datu' ffuit Rocelino de Beawmund in libm maritag' cu*
qudam filia sua noie Custantia 't postea descendit d'em
maner' Rico* de Beawmund filio d'ei Rocelin hereditar' Idm
6 This I take to be the grant of £40 worth of land referred to by
Dugdale. Fide p. 588, note 3.
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590 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE.
Bics postea dedit d'cm maner' Bog'o de Tony in lifeum
maritag' cu quada filia sua no'ie Custantia Et post decessu
d'ci Bog'i descendit d'cm maner' Eaudulpho de Tony filio
suo et heredi Et de dco Eaudulpho descendit dcm maner
Eogo de Tony s'cdo filio d'ci Eandulph 't postea de d'co
Eogo descendit Eaudulpho de Tony fil suo qui est in Ward
dm reg' q*m Warda (dne' ?) Eex Henr' pat* Beg qui nunc est
dedit Eobto de Brus qd maner' tenet* de dno* rege in capite
p qd s'uicni. dicunt et intelligent q'd dcs' Eaudulph's de
Tony d'ns de Tawton' antecessor' sui quicquid tenn'nt de
dno Bege in capite 't in Anglia tenn'nt «p suicm dimid' feod1
milit. It Dicunt qd Wills Le Prouz tenet Gyddelegh de
D'no rege in capit' <p antiq'm firma' in feod* Bedd'o inde
annuati' d'no reg' lxxij8 id [etc?] ,p homag' It dicunt q'd
Eaudulphus de Tony dns de Tawton h't & antecessor sui
h'unt ab antiquo teniae quo ignora't ffurcas & assm panis &
. . . de cet'is articlis nichil sciunt. (Brit. Mus. Add. Charter
20,235.)
SUTTHAWTONE.
1272-1282? Translation of the foregoing.
Verdict of the Jurors of Sutthawton,' To wit : —
Will, le Prouz, John Burnel, Willi de Caketru, Ynon'
Cole John de Wike & Balph (Eandulph') de Goseford.
Who say that [as to the article] which and how many
manors the king has in hand they know nothing. Also [as
to] which and how many manors were wont to be in the
hands of the kings, predecessors of the present king, they say
that so far as they understand, the manor of south Tawton
was anciently in the hand of the lord King Henry the First,
son of William the Bastard, as ancient demesne pertaining
to the crown [or as ancient lordship belonging to the
crown], and by him it was given to Eosceline de Beau-
mont in free marriage with one of his daughters named
Constance. Afterwards the said manor descended to Eichard
de Beaumont, son of the said Eoscelin, by heirship. The
same Eichard afterward gave the said manor to Eoger de
Tony in free marriage with one of his daughters named
Constance, and after the decease of the said Eoger, the said
manor came to Ealph de Tony his son and heir ; and from
the said Ealph it came to Eoger de Tony, second son of
the sd Ealph, and afterwards from the said Eoger it came
to Ealph de Tony, his son, who is in wardship, which ward-
ship King Henry the present king's father gave to Eobert
Brus, which manor he holds of the king in chief.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 591
As to the service, they say and understand that the said
Ralph de Tony, lord of Tawton, and all his predecessors in
title, hold whatever they hold and have held in England* of
the king in chief, by the service of half a knight's fee.
They also say that William le Prouz holds Gyddelegh of
our lord the king in chief, by ancient fee farm, paying
therefor yearly to the king 728/ld and homage. Also that
Ralph de Tony lord of Tawton and all his predecessors
before him from a time beyond memory have had gallows
rights and assize of [or the right to test] bread and beer.
As to the remaining articles they know nothing.
The Rev. 0. J. Reichel, who has kindly assisted me in
the translation of this charter, describes it as a return by
the Hundred Jury to the Articles of Enquiry set forth in
Trans, xxxiii. 576. It follows the same lines as the printed
folio Hundred Rolls, which, however, do not give South
Tawton. That young Ralph de Tony was in the wardship
of Robert de Brus is a new bit of information, subversive
of the conjecture (vol. xxix. p. 460) that Alured de Tauntifer
was his guardian. A new item in the Tony pedigree is also
supplied, viz. that Roger de Tony was second son of Ralph.
The custody of the manor of Wyke in Sussex, which
was held of the honour of Tony, had been granted on the
death of Roger de Tony to Richard de Brus, to hold till
the coming of age of his heir (xxxiii. 409). The words
"Honora de Thony who was wife of Roger de Thony,"
quoted from the old MS. calendar of the Close Rolls, are
a translator's blunder, as I have found by comparison with
the original Roll, wherein no such person is mentioned.
1276?
(Inq. p.m. 5 Ed. L 44) Rad. de Tony. P. sacrm. ... Ph.
de Sweyneston6* Hug. de Molend6b . . . etc., qui dicunt gd m.
Monaton Mucegros est de feodo Radi de Tonny, et Johes
Gifford tenet, sec nesciunt p q' feod nee p q' s'uicis. It.
Clifford est de feod dci Radi et Joh. Gifford tenet, sec
nesciunt p quo su'icis. It. Monokeleri 't (abbas?) de cunchis
tenet in ppetua elemos. It. Stok Edith Pet'nilla de
Tonny tenet in dote. It. Chalbenour Thorn, de eadem
tenet p s'jantiam faciend s'uicm cu uno hoie p quindecin
dies cu arcu & sagittis ad ponte de Clifford (& ?) Westhid
feod un . . . militis Robt de Ew'yngham & Ric de Crupes
tenent. It. de cartis nich s'ount.
88 Vide Swenesey, p. 643.
•b Vide Modes, Mules, Moleyns, etc., p. 600, note 9.
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592 NEIGHBOUBS OF NORTH WYKB.
INQ. P.M. OF THOMAS EARL OF WARWICK.
1399.
(m. 1.) Bicardus . . . Bex, . . . etc. . . . Sciatis qd (omniu ?)
psenti parliamento n're ordinatum & stabilitum existat q'd
rone quordam indicio in d'to parliamento n'ro redditor
cont're Thomam Archie'm Cantuaro, Thorn . . . Arundell, &
Thoman Comitem Warr, pnn'a Castra d'mna t're ten't etc et
om alies possessiones sue fuerunt deor' Archiem' et Com'
... die Novemb A° regni n'ri 10° et postea & p'dcor ducis &
comitis Warr seu eor (alt'us ?) 13° die' Novembr A0 11° et
postea nob forissa exist Tre ten't etc et omes alie possessionis
que aliquis aliis h'unt ex dono concessione vel feoffamento
Archie'm Ducis & Comitem etc feoffamento alie(nnus?)
al(tius ?) p bargamen vel alis modo ad opus eordem Archiepi
Ducis, etc. etc.
(m. 2.) Ap. Exon, . . . «p sacr'm Johis (B ?)otour, Jun,
Johis Wrey, Johis . . . Johis Neweman (Juonie ?) ffrnd Willi
Coryton Eici Wodehay Willi Hals, Johis Noreys de Wrey,
Johes El(u ?)esworth Johis Eyer & Eogi (Hestorre ?) Qui
dicunt . . . qd Thomas Com. Warr' tenuit man m de et
hundredum de Southtawton cum d'nio Burgo de Sele in d'co
Com. 13° Nov de d'no Bege in capite p s'uicm militare ut
de Ducatu Cornub que quidem man'm hundrm & Burgus
p'dca sunt de Antiquo d'mco Corone Angl. Et dicunt qd
28 Junii A° xix idem Comes <p attornatum su'm feofFavit
Johem Denham, chivaler, Eicm Bromley & Thomam Aide-
bury, cli'cos, & alios, de eisdem man'io hund & bui^. ad opus
sun* jiprm. Et dicunt qd nullus alios (h'nt ?) aliqua castra
dm'nia t ras tent* rensiones etc . . . vel alias possessiones de
dono concessione, etc, dci Comitis siue de dons, concess, etc,
alicuis alt'ius ad opus ipuis comiti in d'co Com pdco, 13° die
aut postea.
Insup dicunt q'd Thome Archiepus Cantuar & Bicus
Comes Arundell 19 die Nov, A° 10° & Thos Dux Glouc, 13°
die Nov. A° 11° aut postea non (h'uerunt?) aliqua Castra,
d'mnia etc in supdct com . . . etc . . . pdcis 19° & 13° diebz
etc Ult dicunt qd supd'cs Archiep. 25° die Sept & pfati
Dux Com. Arundel 18° die Jul. ult p't, non h'uerunt . . .
aliqua bona in p'd Com, sed dicunt qd Prioratus & Comes
Warr* her debuisset c'tm redditum in man'io p'dto ad festum
sci michelis si (indicu'a ?) vsus ipm in ult'mo parlamento
redditu non fuisset & ad quam sumam' dc'us redditus se
extendat pdci Juratoris ignorant. In cuius rei test . . . etc.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 593
The substance of m. 3 and m. 4 is given in my last paper
(p. 413). The complete list of the jurors in m. 4 is Will
Weke, Joh. Northmore, Joh. atte Hille, Eici Oxenham,
Willi Touwe, Math Yeo, Eici Wilman, Will Deynian, Willi
Baron, Eici Wolston, Nichs Halle, and Galf Harpath. The
Eecord Office reference, Bund foresc, etc., has been super-
seded by the following (Ch. Inq. p.m. Forfeitures, 21 Eic. II.,
137):—
11QQ ALLINGESTON.
REGISTRUM CARTARUM MONASTERII DE LEGH.
(Harl. 3,660.)
Index. I. Un doun le connte John de Moreton al dit
monster de une annuele Eente de xx8 en Allyngeston, en
pure & j?pet' am'.
II. Un reles & quite clamaunce Eoger de Allyngeston al
dit monster de tut le dreyt qil aueyt ou auer purreyt en la
tere.
III. Un cofermement le Eoy John — del doun de (sic) de
Allingest' la rente de xx8 en Allyngeston p le dit comte en
pure & ppetuele Aumoynne.
IIII. Un composition entre le prieur de Legh' & la person^
de Wykelegh sur chalanges de d nnes tochans lur eglises de
Wynkelegh & de Duelonde fete g leveske William Jadis
Dexcestre.
V. Une fraunchise fete al eglise de Duelonde par leveske
Dexcestre pur la descharger de xiid? chescun an apaer al
ouveraygne del Eglise Dexcestre.
Before 1199? L
Ore asieut vne chartre John le counte moreton* de soun
doun al dit monster en pure & ppetuele aumoyne de une
annuele rente de xx souz en Allyngestone.
[This charter being printed in full in Oliver s Monasticony
I need only give the substance.]
Johannes Comes Moreton . . . concessit et dedit . . . ecclesie
. . . et Canonicis de Legh . . . redditus quatuor hominum in
AUingeston, soil, de Osberto de Allingeston dimidiam mar-
cam, et de Edwino de Allingeston vi8 et xd, et de Eliot de
Allingeston xxx den. et de Aluredo Stiward xxxiiden et
preterea xvi den de vasto in eadem villa.
[Oliver adds : " The sum of these rents, viz. 208, continued
to constitute the whole property of the abbey in S. Tawton,
down to the time of its dissolution. See the Valor of
Hen. VIII. post."]
vol. xxxiv. 2 p
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594 NEIGHBOURS O? 50RTH WTKK.
IL
Easieut one chartre Boger de Allingeston' de Boon reles
& quite Clamaunce al dit monster de tat sonn dreit qyl
aueyt ou auer poyet en la tere de Allingeston'.
Omib'z x* fidelibz ad quos p'sens s'cptu |> uenif Bog*s
de Allingestoft filf Rici de AlUngeston saltm in dflo Etfna
Noif t vnitf sitas vra me relaxasse & quietu clamasse p me
& hef meis Dno Henrico priori de Legh & eidem loci
Conuentui & eor suii?t' totu ius qd hui vt h'ere potui in
t'ra de Allingeston in manerio de Suthtautone.
Ita qd Ego Bog's fil Kici de Allingesdon u her* mei negz
assign' mei aliq'd ius in d'ta tfsi de Ailing? vendicare
poterun' imppetuu Et ut h'mea relaxacd & qeta clamancia
firma & stabilis pmaneat p'senti sc'pto sigillu meu apposuL
Hiis test? John Burnel, Alfrido de porta, Bogo de Wyk*
Johne de molend7 Walk? harpeford et aliis.
[1201 ?] IIL
E asieut une chartre le Boy John qe conferme le doun
le dit Connte Morton de les dites xx souz al dit monster de
Legh pur touz iours.
. . . Sciatis nos concessisse & pseuta carta n'ra cofirmasse
deo & Ecce s'ce marie & s'ci Johis ap'li & eu'ng* de Legh &
Canon ibide, deo seruientibz, reddit q'tuor homm de Allin-
geston scilt [names, etc., as ante] . . . et p'd xvi den de vasto
in eade villa. Quar' volum' & firm . . . p°cipim' qd p'dci
Canonici h'eant & teneat oia p°dta bene & in pace Hbere &
quiete cu omibz libtatiez & liberis cosuetudinibz suis sicut
carta n'ra qua' eis fecim' du £emus moreton raconabilit
testat Test. W. Lond. & J. Norewyk Epis. E. fil pet
Com. Essex. Rob'to. de Turneh'm. Dat p man' S. Archi
Wellel apd Porcestr x. die. man. Begni nir Anno Tercio.
(Harl. 3,660.)
Oliver prints in full a confirmatory charter of 14th Ed. I.
1285 ? " Carta regis Edwardi primi confimans abatissae
et canonicabus de Legh donationem annui cujusdam redditus
in Allingdon per Johannem regem olim factam prioratui
de Legh. (Cart inspex. 3 Ed. III. m. 18.")
It refers back to the grant of " Allinggedone " by John
" quondam rex Anglic."
7 Query: Ancestor of Molyns family in S.T. f {Vide pp. 591, 600, note 9.)
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 595
c. 1161-1173. Among witnesses to Walter Clavile's
Charter founding Canonsleigh are Nicholas Lamprei and
Willielmus Burnel; and in the Cartulary of Legh among
witnesses to several grants of land in Hockworthy, by
Henry, Wm., & Eobert de Berneuille, are, respectively,
Simon, Wm., & Simon Lamprey. (Could "Burnel" possibly
be a variation of " Berneuille " ?)
1345. Juliana Lamprey was Abbess of Canonsleigh.
(Query: Was she christened after Juliana de Mohun, nee
Tony?)
Lamprey is a name that one finds associated with Burnel
in N. Taw ton.8 In Testa de NevU, for instance, John
Burnell and Simon Lamprey together hold Burdemleston,
i.e. Bourston in Zeal Monachm (Trans, xxviii. W. 385).
1410. Margery Cheseldon was a nun at Canonlegh.
The surname occurs early in S. T. records. (Vide 1347,
xxxiii pp. 412, 421, 418.)
With regard to the passage in Oliver's Monasticon, that
"Eoger de AUingeston releases ... all right to his land
of Allingestone in his manor of South Tauton," I
ventured in Devon Notes and Queries (vol. ii. p. 62) to
question whether the identification9 of Boger de Allin-
feston with Boger de Tony could be regarded as final : for
doubted whether the "manor of S. T." alluded to as
containing Allingeston was necessarily the chief manor of
S. T., since I had found both Itton and Ash frequently
described in early documents as "the manor of South
Tauton" or as "So-and-so's manor of S. T." and I had
learned that Allison pays no chief-rent to S. T.
Comparison with the original Cartulary of Legh now
shows that Oliver's summary is inaccurate ; for Allingeston
is herein stated to be in " the manor " of S. T., and not in
"his manor" at all. The further item, that Boger de
Allingeston was the son of Bichard de Allingeston, seems
fatal to his identification with Boger de Tony, whose father
was Balph.
As Allingeston (or its rents) had been alienated to
8 1287 ? Thos Lamprey, who was hanged for felony, held of John de
Umfravill 1 mess 2 ac past 1 J ferl. land in Shepbroke, which Matthew son
of John Earl of Devon now holds in the name of the lung.
Witnesses : Robt de Cheuerston Will de Esse Elia de la More, etc.
(Inq. p.m. 16 Ed. I., No. 55.)
1302. Northtaunton, Willus Lampree & Waltus Loges ten in Brodeuileston
[ = Bourston— E. L.-W.] di f. xx«. (Lay Subs. Dev. Q.)
9 Trans, xxxiii. ; T. W. W. 393 ; 0. J. B. 405.
2 P 2
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696 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE.
Canonlegh before the date of the creation of the manor
of Itton (for such I take to be the purport of the grant
of c. 1262, p. 598), it was, of course, exempt from tribute to
the lord of Itton, or indeed to any other lay-lord, though
geographically it lay within that division of the parish.
The following information has very kindly been given
me by George Dunning Cann, Esq., solicitor, of Bedford
Circus, Exeter, and owner of Dishcombe, South Tawton.
May, 1902. "With regard to Allison, it is not in the
manor of Itton, nor is there any chief or other rent paj-
able to any superior lord, and I don't think there ever has
been. It is not included in what my late father bought oft
The adjoining farm called Amblingtoo (sometimes called
Little Allison) is in the manor of Itton, and a chief -rent is
payable in respect of it."
In whom the Canonleigh rents from Allingeston were
vested after the Dissolution I have failed to discover,
though in the "Calendar of Grants and Charters" at the
B. 0. 1 find—
1546. 27 Jul. 38 Hen. VIII, " Sir Eichard Graynfeld made
request to purchase [besides many other estates] the farm
of the Manor of Canonleigh late of the Monastery of C."
and
1542? 18 Feb. 34th Hen. VIII. "No request-by
exchange. The king appointed to Sir John St. Leger
among other lands the farm of the scite & demesne-lands
of the late monastery of C. with the demesnes in the
parishes of Buscombe, Sampforde Peverell, Holberton,
Sodeworth, Holcombe Bogus, and Uffecolmp, Devon."
[The following words, "and of the manor of Canonleghe
with lands in Chillomyn, Devon/' have been cancelled]
"The Particulars for Grants," No. 1,060, add the informa-
tion that the farm of the site had been granted to Thos. (to
Soulemont for a term of 21 years, by an Indenture of the
king dated 13 Sept. 31st Hen. VIII. Cf. the extracts
from Chantry Eolls, Dev. & Corn., 37 Hen. VIII., given
by Mr. Elworthy in his article on Canonleigh (in Tram
xxiv. 359). That
" 1538-9, Feb. 16, the suppression of the Abbey ***
decreed, and on Dec. 30 of the same year the king granted
a lease for 21 years of the site and precincts of the Mj
monastery of C. also the tithes of sheep and rectories of
Oakford & Burlescombe to Thos. de Soulemont of London ;
and that " in
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 597
1544 Hen. VIII. granted the site to Sir John St Leger,
from whom it passed to Columbs, who held it till 1658.
From the latter it passed to a Mr. Smith, then to Sir Wm.
Breton of London, who sold it in 1765 to Mr. John
Brown."
COCKTREE.
In 1218 one Jordan de Coketrewe acknowledges the right
of Eobt. son of Rich, de Bremelrigg to 1 ferl. of land in
Bremelrigg (in Sandford in Crediton hund.). (Worthy,
Devon Wills, p. 414.)
1278 ? Inq. p.m. 7 Ed. I. 13. Under "Feod Milit. que
assignat. . . . Alienore qui fuit ux Johis de Mohun in
dotem" are entered: — Bads Burnel in Cruk 1 feod. val.
p. ann. iiij li; Johis Burnel in kaketrey dim. f. vaL xx'.
We get the same entries in the Inq. of John de Mohun,
14 Ed. L, No. 23.
1287?
In the Inq. p.m. (16 Ed. I. 18) of John Malet, who held
in Chagford under Almaric de St. Amand,1 in Grenedon
of John of Grenedon, and in Deandon of the Abbot of
Buckfast, we are told that he also held certain rents in
Cadet'we and Sholeford of Mich, de Spih Wyk (Spiche-
wyke). This Cadet'we Mr. Reichel2 suspects of being
Catrow als. Cator, Widdecombe-in-the-Moor ; but as Cade-
trewe, Catreu, eta, are among early spellings that have been
accepted as aliases of Cocktree in S. T., I would query
whether there was any connection between the two places,
or whether any confusion has ever arisen between them.
1302 ? In the Tax Roll for Devon of 31 Ed, I. {Trans.
xxxi. p. 399) we have : —
Sutht[awton] 466. Roger Burnel, Coketrewe, £ fee.
In North Tawton Matthew de Newelond, Cruk, 1 fee.
Walter de Logys Bordeuilston, 1 fee. (For Logys in S. T.
see xxxiii. 407.— E. L.-W.)
Wm. Lampre, Nymet Nicole, J f.
1 Maud BurneU, dan. of Philip Lord Burnel (who d. 22 Ed. I.), by
Maud, d. of Richd Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel, married John de Handlou.
who in hia wife's right became Lord Burnell. Their sons Richard and
Nicholas were known as de Haudlou alias (Lord) BurneU, and are called
heirs of Bisset (as is also Joan, 2nd wife Roger Wyke of Byndon). Richard
married Isabel St. Amand daughter of Almeric St Amaund. — C. L.-W.
(sources not noted). Cf. p. 598, footnote : Ralph de St. A.
2 "The tithing of Spitchwick included Catrow als Cator, tenements in
which belonged to Buckfast Abbey" (Oliveb, Mon. p. 875. 0. J. R.).
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598 NBIGHBOUKS OF NORTH WYKB*
1435 ? In 14th Hen. VL a Richard Cocktree is witness
to a grant by Roger Weeke of land in Stone in decima de
Croke BurnelL (Risdon.)
In 1523 Great and Little Cocktree were held of Wm.
Courtenay, Kt., as of his fee of Cadlegh. (Inq. p.m., p. 638).
1204. John, Dei gratia Rex, etc. . . . Nos concessisse . . . Willo de
Cantelup . . . nianerium nr'm de Eyton cu eibz ptntbz suis, in eacambinm de
Cockewell qd ei p'ns dederam etc. p Trece'cis mar* q"^ nob dedit . . *
(Chart. Ant Rot M. No. 12.)
[Query: Could this possibly refer to the S. Tawton neighbourhood?
Itton is spelt Eaton in eighteenth-century deeds.]
1285? (Inq. p.m. 14 Ed. I. 23.) John de Mohun— apud Exon— Among
jurors Roger de Cokes well, Will Aveuel Ric de Gatepath Hen. de la Ford,
etc. Rad Burnel ten't in Cruk, 1 f. m. val 4U Joh Burnel ten't in Cake-
trewe } f. mil val 20*.
Crockewelle, which appears in Risdon's list in N. Tawton hundred, seems*
says Mr. O. J. R., to nave been a transcriber's blunder for Crok Burnell
(xxxiii 682).
1561 ? Fines : — William Cornewe claimant, George Mylforde, generos, k
Margery his wife deforciants, re 1 mess, 1 gard, 1 orch. 100 ac land 4 ac
mead 20 ac past 2 ac wood 20 ac. furse k heath in Cockysmore in p'sh of
Nymet Tracy. G. k M. grant, etc, the s'd tent to W. k his heirs, and by
this recognisance, etc Willm grants the sd tent to George for term of his life
with remainder to Thomas Cottle generos. Mark Cottle son of the same, k
Mark Eastbrook for their lives or the longest liver of them — rendering 20*
to Wm, annually. (Fines, East. 4 Eliz. +&.)
THE MANOR OF ITTON.
C 1262 ? GRANT TO MOHUN.8
Sciant p'sent & fut'i qd ego Rog'io de Tony, filius d'm
Radi de Tony, dedi concess et hac p'sent carta mea
■ It would appear, however, that William de Mohun had held land in
that part of the parish in or before 1248, for in a suit of that date (xxxiii
406) he is stated to have disseized Alured de Colebeare of a moor in the sd
Alured's free tent, of Colebeare See also the following, which to the beet of
my ability I have deciphered, though with some uncertainty, from Assize
Roll No. 176, m. 4.
Ven ret . . . Wills de Mohun, Ricus de Polesland, Roscelin de Bosco, k
Thorn de Hedet . . . et diss [eisunt] Alur* de Colebe de libo' ten' suo in
Colebe' . . . et un quer* qd diss . . . de xl acr mora. Eodem Ass. p eordem
ret ven . . . ret si Petronill de Thony Walts le Neyr, Will le Ryder k Will fil
Muriell, iunste etc. diss[eiusd ?] Alur* de Colebere de libo ten' suo in Nymet
pt. pmam etc. Et ven quer' qd diss eu* de una oar t're. Et Ada de Cheu'don
... ret nd ven. Io in M'ia.
Jur dicunt qd pdte Will de Mohun k al diss, pdt (m ?) Alur' de pd'ta
mora . . . Dampnu O. unde CLU s.
[Further paragraphs relating to same case, apparently.]
Post ven RogYu8 el'icus (et ?) Ball's p'dte Petronill dat dn'o Regi XL*, p.
h'nda iur ixiiior ad eommencend xiide utqz bre p bre pi Radi de Soft Amanda
et Will le Noyr k Gaudon de Albemonastero Et pcepit (u est vie qd fac clic ?)
etc Post ven Petronill de Tony k diet qd n5 [torn here] seqr u* p'dcum
Alured k p'd jur assie nd diss de una carucata t're in Nymet . . . Petronilla.
ppl. Walt* Alani La Zuohe, Nichs de Vaux . . . (lieu ?) cont eu' Gaudon
de Albemonastero k Lucia ux eius de 4 ferl. ... in Bekinton Depeford k
Uncherling. ... p. Gervas de Horton k Robert de Cadelegh.
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8
I
Q
<
2
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 599
co'firimam Willo de Moyhun filio d'm de Moyhon4 in lib'm
maritag'm cu Giliana6 c'sanguinea mea dece libratas et
tresdecem solidat ann* reddit in manio de Suthtawton p
cipiend, vidlt Triginta octo solid &' sex den p [manibus ?]
octo tent'm in Sydeton,6 dece solid & sex den p man* duor
tent'm in Sondecote, qu'deci solid p man [cu? or un' ?]
tent'm in serchyslonde, qudeci' sol p man* duor tent'm
in Colleford, dece sol p man duor tent* in Polysland,6* &
viginti sol p man [un?] tent in nymet, t'ginta & quinqz
sol p man* octo tent'm in luffeton, dece sol p man unius
tentis in t'ndelbe, tresdeci' solid p man uniu' tene't in
Oldedone, dece sol p man duor ten't in Wykyndone, vigint
solid p man quatuor tent'm in towe, & vigint sol p man trin
tent' in colebe. Hend et tenend tot' p'dem reddit cu omibj
& cumodis suis & consuetudb) [mihis?] et heredbj . . .
de p'dcis tenen't seu eor tenement q'qmodo ptinent p'dcis
Wills et Giliana et heredib} de corporib) eor exeuntib3, de
me et heredity meis libe & pacifice integre & quiete iure
he'ditare in pp'm. Et ego d'cus Rogus & hered' . . . totu
pdc'm redditu cum omibj & [omios?] suic' & consuetud'bJ
de pd'cis tentibj seu eor tenement debit & consuet cum
omibj & singlis suis p'tn pdcis Willo et Giliane & hered'
etc cont omes gent warantizabunt.
Testib': — D'no Rogo de Clyfford milite Pho. le deen
psona de Nywetone Johe le Breton Radio (B?)luet de
Ragelan Rico de Haresfilde Rico de Poltymore7 et aliis.
(Endorsed : — " A deede for the manner of South Tawton
given in marriage to Mohun, a rentall included,")8 J. S.
* John Mayoun was bailiff of the hund. of S. T. 1354 (xxxiiL 431).
Edward Courtenay of Haccombe, Earl of Devon, temp. Hen. VII., had
sister, Isabel, wife of Wm. Mohun. (Risdon.)
(1285. Inq. p.m. 14 Ed. I. 23.) . . . De terr' et ten'ta que fnernnt Johis
de Mohun, qui de nob tenuit in capita. . . , Vob mandam qd Wills Martin
. . . duxit in ux. Alienora que fuit ux ipuis Johis de Mohun.
1295 / John de Mohun held Cadelegh, etc. , as of the Honour of Plympton.
24th Ed. I. (vol xxxii. p. 541.)
6 Inq. p.m. of Roger de Tonv, 1263. Will de Moun holds \(P 12* [worth]
of land of the lord in free marriage with Juliana de Vernun (xxxiii. 408).
Inq. of Thos. E. of Wamick, 1397. Roger de Tonv . . . conveyed to a
certain John Mahoune £10 10*. rent within the lordship of the sd manor
with Juliana his daughter in free marriage {ib. p. 414).
6 Note from Promptorium Parvulorum (Ed. Camden Soc.) : —
a 5 In the edition bv Wynkyn de Worde the words beginning with this
character are aU printed with Y. Pynson's edition, 1499, has remark, 'All
these wordes of $ we pronounce with Y at this dave, and some of these $
here used have that place of G in oure spekinge and writing at this day.'"
* 1377? (Ped. Fin. Dev. 20 Ed. IIL 194.) Will"8 atte Lytelwode and
Gunnilda his wife are auerents, and Wm Poly deforciant, re 1 mess. 10 acr.
land and 1 aor. field in Throulegh.
' Vide p. 587. 8 Vide p. 578, note 1.
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600 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WTKE.
I identify the above place-names in order as Itton,
Endicott, Sessland, Cuilaford, Powlesland, Nymph, Lovaton,
Trendlebeare, Youldon, Wickington, Tawe, Colebeare.
(ENDORSED "FINE FROM MULLENS TO TRENCHARD,
1503? lT-Itant-)
Enricus dei gr'a Rex Angl', etc, Saltm. Sciatis q'd
Thomas9 Moleyns in cur' n'ra cor* Justic n'ris apud
We8tmr implicant Thomam Trenchard,9 Armig'm, de Man'io
de South Tawton1 cum pt'n, ac de uno Tofto duattf acris
tre' & decern libratis & tresdecem solidat redditus ... in
S. T. . . . p bre nr'm de [mgr'm ?] sup disseisam in le post
cuius quidam pl'iti tenor seguit in hec verba.
Plfta apud Westm' coram Thome frowyk, milite, et
9 Roger de Mules held Li we and Wadelscot, Anno 20 Win. Con^., in
which name it continued unto the beginning of Hen. I. Afterward it feU
unto Trenchard, which held it of ye family of Mules. This is the first land
of Mules.
Trenchard Liew, or L. T., Wm Trenchard Kt held Anno 17 Hen. IIL and
after him Sir Michaell Trenchard Kt 16. Ed. L Sir Wm Trenchard 24 Ed. I.
(Pole's Collections, p. 345).
Trenchard of Dors, k Wilts. Rich. T. called Le Grandiver, living temp.
Hen. III. married Marg1 dau. k co-h. of Sir Wm Damarell of Hinton, k had
son John Trenchard, m. Sibella dau k co-h. of Wm Moleins. Their gt gdson
Henry (flor. Hen. VL k Ed. IV.) m. Christiana d. k h. of John Mohun of
Ham Mohun (by d. k h. of Jordan, of Wolverton) k had Sir John Trenchard
of Wolverton (High Sheriff 1509) — who married 1st Margarita dau. of John
Wyke of Byndon [son of Roger, son of Wm Wyke, of North Wyke, S. T.~
E. L.-W.]. She died s.p. k he married again k had descendants (vide
Burkk, Landed Gentry, pt. iv.).
1280? Roger de Meles . . . k others have quittance of the common
summons of the Eyre, in Co. Devon (Cal. Clo. Ro. 9 Ed. I. m. 2d).
1296 ? Ina. of Edra. Com. Corumb. 25 Ed. I., re the manor of Lydeford,
c€k foresta de Dertemore. Henr. de Moleyns is a juror (Harl. 6,126, p. 58).
Sir Wm le Prouz (died 1829) married dau. of Walt le Gifford of Aveton
Giffard. Their dau. = 1st Sir Roger Mules, baron of N. Cadbury. 2nd Sir
John Damerel (Risdon, p. 125).
[These marriages may account for the early mention among residents of
S. Tawton of the names Gyflard (1248, xxziii. 406) and Moelys (1327, 421).]
1338 ? 12 Ed. III. John de Molyns complains that as he had purchased
the manor of Ilniere formerly belongiug to Mons. Rauf futtz Bernard,
whose ancestors have held it from time immemorial by grand serjeantry,
" q donne a n're dit S. le Roi . . . [torn] garde k manage, cest assavoir d'etre
gardien et mareschal de tons les faucons & oiseauz de Nre Seigneur . . . etc."
(Auct. Pet™, 12,045).
1346. Henrico Moleyns is one of several holders together of J fee in
Stoddene Sechevill k Oppecote, " tenta de Johane Mohon in Cadelegh quam
Robt Sechevill quondam tenuit" (Feudal Aids, i. 426).
I strongly suspect, from numerous coincidences which I have not time to
array, that Molyns, Moelys, Mulys, Moles, etc., are all variants of one family-
name, derived originally from the Latin or Norman -French for Mill.
1 As will be seen from succeeding documents, " The manor of S. T. " here
really means the •• manor of Itton.
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NBIGHBOUKS OF NORTH WYKE. 601
8ocii8 8uis Justic dom, Eegis de Banco . . . (Hil Anno. 2.
regis Hen. VII. decimo nono. Eo. civ. Devon.) s'b. Thomas
Moleyns pet v'sus Thomam Trenchard armig'm, manerium
de South Tawton cu p'tn Ac unum tof turn1* duas acras t're
& decern libratis & tresdecim solidatas redditus cu ptn in
S. T. ut jus et hered. suain. Et in que idem Thos
Trenchard non het ingr'm ius post disseisam quam Willo
Robyns inde inuiste fee. p'fat Thome Moleyns post [p'm
t'nssr ?] d'm H. regis filii regis Johis in Vastonio'. Et unde
dis qd ipemet fuit seitus de ma'nio p'dt ac de tosto tr'a etc.
Et p'd Thos. Trenchard ven . . . et voc inde ad War
Thomam flysh . . . etc.
[Sealed with the kings seal] 12th Feb. A° 19. J. S.
NOTES ON THE WORD TOFT.u
(Vide xxxiii. p. 431, 3.) The Rev. M. B. Wynne, Rector of
Allington, Grantham, Lines., reminds me that in Bailey's Did.,
1742, the definition of Toft is given " a messuage or house,
or rather a place where a messuage once stood that is fallen or
pulled down, Law term." And he kindly informs me that in
a long deed of 1538, of which he has a copy prepared for a
special pleader and originally in possession of John Thorold, q.c,
the word toft is used repeatedly for a house or tenement then
in occupation of a tenant, occurring, he says, "perhaps thirty
times in connection with as many different tenants' names."
In an A.S. Diet. I find for toft "hillock (of an old ruin)."
From the persistence of the term " Toft " (and of " Toftman n
= " one who possesses a toft "), I infer that it had originally
a practical significance and importance in law which I fail to
discover in its later usage ; and from the consideration that
there must exist in every parish many sites of vanished buildings,
yet that not all such sites are distinguished as " tofts," I surmise
that only the sites of a certain class of messuages were so
described.
Mr. S. O. Addy, m.a. (author of the Evolution of the English
House), to whom I am indebted for many interesting letters on
the subject, writes : —
" Again and again we read in English documents of the tof turn
sedificatum and the tof turn vastum. In the former case the . . .
area had received its superstructure of timber work, etc. In the
latter the structure had perished, and only the toft remained
as evidence of the amount of arable land with other appur-
tenances assigned to its late tenant.1'
In a series of articles in the Athenceum and Notes and Queries
Mr. Addy has elaborated his theory of a fixed relation, or
"arithmetical correspondence," between the size of the agricul-
** Fide p. 621.
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602 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WTKJt.
tural tenants bouse, the number of acres of arable land allotted
to him, the amount of tribute or rent exacted from him, and the
respective values of the units of English coinage. The houses,
he says, were erected in bays of about 16 feet by 15 feet, the
length (1 rod or perch) being originally determined by the
standing room required by a yoke of oxen. For as the oxen
ploughed four abreast in the field, so they stood four abreast
under shelter. And as the ox-house was often included beneath
the same roof as the dwelling-house, the practice arose of making
all the bays, either of an ox-house or any other kind of domestic
building, 16 feet long. It was owing to the invariability of area
of such bays, that hay and corn came to be sold by the " bay," or
"gull" Vide Palgrave's definition, 1530, of a "goulfe of corn"
as " so moche as may lye by twene two postes, otherwyse a bay."
The Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales are quoted to show
that houses were estimated by the "fork," in A.-S. called "gafol,"
the Dimetian Code stating that "the worth of a winter-house
for every fork which supports the ridge-beam is [so many]
pence." The forks were, of course, the posts or principals which,
in primitive dwellings, reached from the ground to the apex
of the roof, giving this the " gable "-form, and divided the interior
into compartments or bays.
According to Mr. Addy it would appear " that the A.-S. gafol,
fork, and gafol, tribute, are identical"; that gavelage was the
payment or estimation of tribute by the gavel ; and gavelkind
the actual or. physical partition of houses (and corresponding
share of land) by the gavel among several heirs, while a charter
of King John2 to Scarborough, enforcing "a gabelage (gabu-
lagium) of id. for every house whose gable is turned towards the
street," made it clear that there was a connection between the
name of the tax and gabulum, the gable or forked end of a house.
From Domesday and Beyond Professor Maitland's conclusions
are quoted to the effect that the payments of libere tenentes
were at the rate of £i for one hide of land ; that the words hid
(a hide) and hi wise, hfwscipe (a household) spring from a
common root; and that "the little evidence we have seems
to point to the greater antiquity in England of a reckoning which
takes the house-land rather than the plough-land as its unit"
[or basis of taxation]. The hide, he adds, was sometimes
described as "terra unius casati," the casatus being a person
to whom a casa, or house of some kind, had been allotted.
I regret that I cannot spare space for Mr. Addy's comparative
calculations, supported by extracts from ancient documents,
English and Continental. He estimates that a holding of one
9 For another reference to " gafol " in connection (or alleged connection)
with "gable," see an article by J. H. Round, m.a., in Domesday Studies,
being the papers read at the meetings of the Domesday Commemoration,
1886, edited by P. E. Dove.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 603
hide of arable lands 120 acres8 [more or less according to
locality and nature of land], besides common rights, etc., etc.,
went with a house of 20 bays (area, 4,800 feet), and was taxed
at 20*. (whence the expression liberate terra), and so on for the
virgate, bovate, etc., down to a holding of 6 acres with 1 bay
(area, 240 square feet) at 1 shilling; the large house being fre-
quently subdivided among several tenants. Nor can I reproduce
the interesting evidence in favour of Mr. Addy's derivation of the
words messuage (in mediaeval documents commonly written messa-
gium), mese, metestead, mansio, mensura, mansura, manse,
mansion, from metiri, mensio, mensus, etc., the root idea of all
these words being measure.
From this point of view the perpetuation of the toft can
easily be understood, since even in the case of the destruction of
his dwelling-house the tenant could point to its foundations as his
tangible title to certain territorial privileges, and evidently respect
for the spot survived the system which had given it its value.
I have been led into a long digression, but not* I think, an
irrelevant one if, in the words quoted from the old Swedish laws
by Mr. Addy, "tompt ar ackers niodhir" — the toft is the
mother of the land !
Since writing the above I have seen the long article on Toft
in Toller's Bosworth's A.-S. Diet It ascribes a Scandinavian
origin to the word : — Icel : topt, tuft, a piece of ground, messuage,
homestead ; a place marked out for a house or building ; in the
special later Icelandic sense a square piece of ground with walls
but without roof. Dan. toft an enclosed homefield, etc. Among
examples of its use in A.-S. writings it gives : " Alle mine men
fre, and ilk habbe his toft and his metecu and his metecorn."
"And Alfwold habbe . . . xvi. acres mid tofte mid alle."
RENTALS AND COURT ROLLS OF THE MANOR OF ITTON.
1509?
South ) Rentals ibm fact vii die Octobre Anno p'mo Regis
Tauton. J Henric iOctavi p recogniccem0 'tenen' ibm coram
Thoma Moleyns4 tunc [Se10] Johne Trenchard dm ill manrn0.
Elizabeth Milford vidua [tenet] cert terr(e ?) in Wykendon
[& reddit, per annum], xx».
Eadem t) cert terr' in Yydeton, iiij*. ixd.
Wille Halle M cert terre in Towe & yetton, ix*. iijd.
' Mr. Reichel says that the ploughland in Devon consisted of 4 ferlings
of 16 acres each, i.e. 64 acres instead of 120 acres as elsewhere (xxxiii. 697).
4 Itton was still held by Molyns in 1526 (see Battishill Inq. xxxiii. 457),
but in 1637 Peter Tayler, gen., was lord of the manor {ib. 461).
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604 NEIGHBOURS OF NOBTH WYKE.
Johes Towe de Towe* t$ cert trae in To we, v*.
Johes Wonston tj cert terr in Towe, v-.
Johnes (D ?)eynthill M cert terr in West Colybeare (x-.) &
Birycombe (viii8.), xviii*.
Kicus Tauerner t$ cert' terr' in Colybere, xiii§. iv*.
Johes Smyth t5 cert terr in Serselonde, x1.
Henr Swayneston tj cert terr in Sarcelond, v§.
Johes Wyke t) cert terr in yetton, viii8. vid.
Johes Eeyny t) cert terr in Yetton, iiij iijd.
Wills Polyslond6* t) cert terre in yetton, iiij-. iiid.
Johes Stoneman M cert terr in yendecote, vi-. viiid.
Johes Selyman t) cert ter in Coleford, v8.
Thomas Greyson tj cert terr in Coleford, x*.
Idm Thomas tj cert terr in yetton, iiij8. iii.
Willo pollyslond t) cert terr in pollyslond6* & luffeton, viii*.
Henr Waleys t) cert terr in luffeton, iiij8.
Walt'us Slade t} cert terre in luflfeton, x8.
Johes Towe de Towe t) cert t'ras in Trendelbere, x8.
Witle ? Sampford t$ cert terre in Est Nympte, xx8.
Johes Shapley t3 cert t'ras in yetton, iiij8. iijd.
Johes Wonston tj cert terr in luffeton, vi8. vid.
Sm' To't,Ie xu xii8. vid.
Nota q'd alicia Tauerner [recxu hit ?] redd'nf vid. per an.
pro terr. suis.
Qui'bJ p'cdo'r tenen' veniet ad Curiam & faciet dfio fideli-
tatem Et soluet sun0 . . . auerhf pro heriett suo post
obitum sm° & pro alienacem Ten'ti sui J. S.
1516?
Yetton in 1 6 Curia Thome Moleyns tent ibm, xx decembr',
Devon. J Anno regni Henrici octavi, viij°.
Homagium ibm, viz: Wills Wyke de Cocktree, Thomam
Battyshill, Henry Pouslond, Hugo Walleys, Johes Shap-
leygh, & aliis, ven' & p'sent q'd Alica Taverner, vidua, que
de dno tenuit cert terr' ibm, mortua est p cuius mortem
acrid* de h'iet [blank] suis in Est Colybeyre & Yendacott
una vacca. Et qd Elizabeth filia Bici Tavernor est ejus
heres propinquior. Ideo p') Ballivo dis* (q' ?) p fidelit.
Et q'd Johes Wonston qui de d'no tenuit unu* ten'tum
5 Surely here we have a territorial surname, as in 1899, p. 593, Will
Touwe ; yet cf. Ricus Dygge de Towe, who grants mill and water course, etc
Was the latter a freehold tenant of Towe !
•* See illustrations ; and see xxziii. 419. Copleston claims Wm. Pollesland
as his man, 1463.
6 To judge from handwriting, etc., this is a late seventeenth or early
eighteenth century copy of a much-decayed old paper, with one side torn
away, but in which some of the same blanks are noticeable.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 605
in Luffeton, se'dum cons manii mortuus est, Et accid Dno
de hiet unus bos p cons' manerii, et q'd Johes Wouston est
eius heres & fecit fidelit.
Et p's qd Willus Halle qui de Dno tenuit unu' Tentum
in Towe sc'dm cons, manii mortuus est, p cuj mortem accid'
d'no unus Bos. Et qd Johanna que fuit ux eius est eius
tenent inde p cons, dum sola & casta ui've voluit & qd
Johes Halle est ejus heres.
Et p's q'd Eicus Smyth qui d'no tenuit cert' terr' & tenta
in Serselond, Colyford & Yeldon, scd'm cons, man' vendidit
sua terr' & ten cum pert'in Eico Wykes & Johi Battyshill
& her' eor' in p'pt'm ad usum ipor Eici & Joh'nis in ppet'm.
Unde accid' dno de h'iet ex cons' Et qd p'dci Eicus & Johes
fee'* fidelit & admissi sunt.
Et p'sent q'd Thomas D[blank] miles,, Thomas Battyshill
& Willus Kyngdon [blank] omn' terr & tent, redd', reverc'on
& servicia, sibi & heredib) suis in ppet'm, que Johes Peynter
tenuit in Yetton. Unde accid' Dno, n'oie h'iet, unus Equus.
Et pd'eis Thomas, Thomas & Willus, fecer' D'no fidelit'.
Et p'sent q'd Willus Eeyney, Clicus, qui de dno tenuit in
Yetton & Towe, s'cdm cons man'ii, mortuus est, unde accid,
Dno de H'iett unius Equus. Et qd [blank] uxor [blank]
Copplestone,** est ejus heres propinqus ideo distr' p fidelit.
Et qd Johes Lovett, qui de d'ne tent in Luffeton, obiit
cit' ult Cur', unde accid' dn'o, no'ie H'iet, un' pull [blank]
Et qd Eicarda, uxor, clam tenen' illud p cons, dum sola
& casta ui've volun'. Et sic admissa esse.
Et q'd Willus ffullford qui de dno tenuit cert terr' &
tenta in Serselonde sc'dm cons' Manii, obiit cit ult cur,
p cuj. mortem accid' d'no de h'iett unus Equus. Et q'd
Johes ffullford est ejus [heres (sic)] filius et heres
ppinquior et fee fideL J. S.
1562?
A Cortt roole of Sh'oth totn yn the vtb yere of . . . maty'
raiye that nowe ys.
Cur. manii Thorn' moleyns armig, tent ibm ultimo die
Junii Anno regm dne nre Elizabeth dei gra Anglie ffranc' &
Hibnie ffide defens' &c quinto.
Homag'm ibm viz Eicus polslonde Willmus Battyshyll
Thomas kyllond Eobtus Wonston Eobtus Stoneman Sen &
p'sent qd Thome Battyshyll q de done ten cert ter & tent in
Luffeton die f claus ext'enn cit' ult cur un' ace dni de h'eit.
Et qd Eicus Battyshyll est eius consang' & her ppinquior.
•• Vide note, p. .604.
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606 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WTKE.
Et qd Eicus mylforde [qui ?] de dno* ten* cert'[ter] & tent
in Tawe wykendon & yetton obiit cit ult cur und accid' dmi
de h'iet.
Et qd Greorgius Mylford est fil et her, etc.
Et qd Johes Knapman qui de d'no ten cert t'r & tent' in
West Colybeyre Polslond & yoldon die claus ext cit ult cur.
Und accid de h'eit j equus ... Et qd Elizabeth ELnapman
est eis filia et her.
Et qd Johes Battishill q de dm tent cert ter etc in Est
Colybeyre die p. claus extrem Cur und accid dno de heit
j bos . . . ? vii8 iiijd vend p baft d'm. Et qd Wills Battys-
hyll est eius [fil cancelled] consang' & her.
Et qd Johes Wonston de Towe q de dno ten cert tre &
tent in Towe obiit cit ult Cur un' ace id* dm' de h'eit j
vacca? [arp'e?] Et q'd Wills Wonston & ei's fil & her
p'pinq.
Et qd Eicus Weke die's qd de dno ten cert terr & tent in
serslond & Colybeyre obiit cit ult Cur un accid* d'ne de h'eit
[n1 ?]q* null'm a'iall het. Et q Ricus Weke est consang' &
her etc.
Et qd Greorgius Burgen q' de dm' ten' cert terr* in est
Coliberye & yendacote obiit cit ult Cur un* accid. dne de
h'eit i bos. Et qd Johes Burgen est eis fil et her et qd pd
Johes burgen obiit cit &c un* accid d'no de h'iet qz null a'iall
het Et qd Wills Burgen e'st eis frat et her etc.
Et q'd Johes Stoneman qui de dno ten' cert ter & tent
in yendecott obiit cit ult cur un* accid' dno de h'eit j bos
arp's. Et q'd Robtus Stoneman est ei's fil et her etc.
Et qd Johes Walys q' de dm' teu cert ter & teut in
luffeton obiit cit ult cur un' accid' dno' de h'iet iiu (?) qz
null a'iall het. Et qd Henr Walys est eis fil et her. &c.
Et qd Johe Wonston qui de d'ui ten' cert ter' in luffeton
obiit cit. &c. und' accid due de heit j bos Et qd Robtus
Wonston est eus fil & her.
Et qd Johes levett qui de dne' ten' cert terr' & tent
in luffeton obiit cit ult cur, un* accid' dne de he'it j vacca
arp'. Et qd Robertus levett eus fil & her.
Et qd Johes Shaplegh qui de d'no ten cert terr' &
tents in Yetton die p claus ext'rem ... ult cur und' accid*
d'no de he'it u1 q3 homag [Iquor ?] Et q'd Thomas Shaplegh
est eius consang' & her.
Et qd Wills. Oxenhfn q de dm ten cert ter & tent in
Trendelbeyre & Towe obiit cit ult Cur un' accid* d'ne de
h'eit j bos App's xxx8.
Et qd Wills Oxenham q' de dne ten cert ter & tent in
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 607
trendelbeyre & Towe obiit cit nit cur un' acrid' d'ne de he'it
1 bos arp xxx8.
Et qd Johes Wek' armig' q' de d'ne ten' cert' terr' & ten'tj
in yetton & colybeyre obiit cit ult Cur urf accid dne de
he'it [a line of writing above cancelled and illegible] iiu (?)
q) null a'imal het et qd Johes Weks armig est eius fil et her.
Ad hunc dne Thorns keland elect ad offic' balP ib'm &
Jur reman in offic.
In expend Cur ex8. iiijd. J. S.
c. 1570?
[The top of this strip much worn ; the heading quite gone.]
. ... in East Nympe & West Nympe.
Roger Wykes for his lande in ytton (illegible).
The same Roger for his lande in ytton (illegible).
The same Roger for his lande in Collybeare (o ij8. vid. ?).
John Coplestone for his land in ytton (o iiij8. iiiid. ?).
Richard Mylford for his land in Wickonden.
The same Richard Mylford for his land in Ttton the some
The same Richard for his land in tawe, v8. [iiij. . . d.
Mark' Wykes for his lande in Collybeare Wes(t ?).
The same Mark' for his land in Yolden the some . . .8
William Burgyne for his lande in East Collibeare, v8.
The same William for his land in Endecote, iij8. iiijd.
William Battishall for his land in Collibeare, xv*1.
Peter ? Ebsworthie for his lands in Luffaton, x8.
John Dynman for his lande in Luffaton, x8.
Wm. Oxenham for his lande in Trendelbeare, x8.
The same for his land in Tawe, v8.
Richard Wonston for his lande in Tawe, v8.
Mabl'ye Oxenham widdowe for her lande in Tawe, v8.
The same Mablye for her lande in ytton, iiij8. iiijd.
John Oxenham for his lande in Luffaton, iiij8.
Gregory Kelland for his lande in Serslande, v8.
William Stere for his lande in Collyforde the some of v8. ?
Thomas Wely for his lande in Collyford, v8.
Henrie polslande for his lande in polslande, x8.
The same for his lande in ytton, iiij8. iiijd.
The same for his land in Luffaton, iiij8.
Alexander shaplighe for his lande in Ytton, iiij8. iv4.
Walter Stoneman for his lande in endecote, vi8. viiid.
William Oxenham for his lande in Serslande, x8.
Richarde Wykes for his lande in East Collibeare, xvd
William Caselighe for his land in Luffaton, vi8 ? iiijd.
Suma totalis p ann, x11 xii8. J. S.
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608 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKK.
1606.
This Indre made Dec 3d. A°. 4th of reign of King James
of England (& 40th of Scotland) Between John Chappie of
City of Exeter, marchaunte, of the one p'tie & Gyles Balle
& Willm Atwill, gentm, & Henrie Chapell sonne of the saide
John Chapell, & Johane wife of the sd Henrie, of the other
p'tie, Witnesseth that the sd John Chapell for & in con-
sideration of the marriage between hym & Elinor nowe his
wiefe, & for the joynture of the s'd Elinor, & for & in con-
sideracon of the marriage between the sd Henrie Chapell
& Johane his wiefe, sister of the sd Gyles Balle, & Joyncture
of the sd Johane & for the fatherlie love etc. ... & for other
. consideracons . . . granteth & agreeth with the sd Gyles
Balle & Willm Atwill, Henrie Chapell, & Johane his wief, &
their heires, that he the sd John Chapell, his heires, etc.,
shall ... & will stande forever seased of all that his Manor
of S. T. ... & of all that his Toft of the Milles there
decaied, & of all watercourses . . . etc. & of the lordship
seigniories, rents, services & hered* . . . etc. with their
appurts in the psh. of S. Tawton, and also of all those
messuages & ten*8 commonly called . . . the Cornisshe Choiffe,
& of all houses shoopes, Cellers, Chambers & Courtalages to
the sd messuages apperteyning situate, etc, in the citie of
Exeter, now or late in the several tenures of Jane Clarke,
widow, Eobert Wiche, William Austyn, John Tywy, &
Tristram Rowe, to the use of the sd John Chapell, & after
his death to the use of the sd. Elinour his wife, " so long as
she remain a widow and unmarried to any man." Eemainder
to Henry C, & Johane his wife ... etc to be holden of the
chief lords of the fee of the premises by the rents & services
thereof due & accustomed.
Signed & sealed by Egidium Balle & Henrye Chappell.7
1609. B' L
Noiiint . . . per pntes me Thomam Moleyns de West-
hall in Com. Dorsett, militem, teneri et . . . obligari Johi
Chapell de Civitat Exon, mercator, in Quinquagint libris
bone et legal monete Anglie, soluend eidem Joh' aut suo
cert attorn hered siue assign, etc. etc.
The condition of this present obligation is such that if
the above named John Chapell his heires & assigns . . .
shall henceforth forever . . . have hold & enjoy all that
the manor of South Tawton with all his rights members &
7 The seal bears the figure-4-like mark of the Merchants Adventurers,
with initials H. C. Fide October number of The Antiquary,
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NEIGHBOUKS OF NORTH WYKK. 609
appurts in the Co. of Devon and all that Tofte of the mille
there decaied, & all waters, watercourses, and weares
belonging to the same, & all other the lordshippes,
seignories, Kentes & services & hereditaments whatsoever,
in South Tawton, which the above bounden Sir Thomas
Moleyns by his deede indented bearing date . . . above
written, did grant & sell, or mentioned to grant etc, unto the
said John Chapell, his heires & assigns, for ever, according
to the purporte etc of the said deede indented, without any
lawful lette, sute, or molestation of or by the Ladie Marie
nowe wiefe of the sd Sir Thos. Moleyns ... or by any other
person lawfullie clayminge by from or under her. That then
this present obligation to be voide & of no force or effecte.
Signed sealed and delivered in the presence of
Hu. Wyot John Cutcliffe Edward Wyot
1675, R L
Manor of \ At the Co'rt Baron there held the xxvijib day of
South V October, in the xxvijih yeere of Kinge Charles
Tawton j the second of England etc 1675.
The Presentment of the Homage there.
First the Homage on their oathe doe p'sent the heires of
Arthur Lord Chiqhester, John Weekes, gen. William Oxen-
ham, gen. for land in Nimpe, the same for lands in Towe,
the same for lands in Trendelbeere, the same for lands in
Woodland, John Battishill gen. Willm Oxenham, John Oxen-
ham, for higger Cessland, free suitors of the mannor aforesaid,
for that they owe suite to this court & have bine lawfully
somoned & made default, herefore each of them [amerced ?]
by all the homage at 3d.
Alsoe they p'sent the death of Arthur lord chichester, a
free tenant of this mannor aforesaid, for a tenent in Yetton
now in the possession of John Bisshopp, and that ye best
beast of the sd Arthur lord Chichester happened to the lord
of the said mannor as a herriot, on ye death of the said
Arthur Lord Chichester, but who is next tenant to the said
estate the homage knowe not. Also the homage aforesaid
on their oaths present the death of John ffurse, gen, a free
tenant of the sd mannor, for a tenem't within the sd manor
called yolden & for another tenement there called Wickenton
& for another tenem1 there called Towe & for another tenem*
there called Yetton & that a best beast of the sd John furse
at the time of his death happened to the lord of the sd
manor for a heriott, for each of the sd tenmte respectively,
but who is next heire to the s'd estate the homage know not.
vol. xxxiv. 2 Q
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610 NEIGHBOUBS OF NORTH WYKE.
Also they p'sent John Oxenham to bee tenant of a ten1
called Cullaf ord, & Willm Oxenham to be tenant of a Tenemt
called higher Cessland within this manor by virtue of the
last will & testament of Will™ Oxenham, gen. their deceased
father as by a probate of the same will here in Co. produced
appereth.
("The sign of") Mark Sloman James Powlesland John
Moore J. S.
1702.
A list of them that pay High Kent for the mannor of
Yetton in Southtawton Anno Dominie 1702.
Will Oxenham, Esq, for nimp & Trendlebeer, 00 18" 00d
The same for Woodland, 48.
The same for Yetton, 4.
The same for Amlin Too, 2§.
The Heirs of Kichard Weeks Esq. for Yetton, 128 9d.
William Hellier Esq. for Collebear West, 108. 0.
The Heirs of John Battishill Esq. for his tenemt, 1. 5.
The heirs of John (ffurse ?) gent for Wickenton, 158. 0.
The same for Taw, 5. 0.
„ Youlden, 108. 0.
„ Yetton, 489d.
John Burgoyne, gent, for Endacott, 58. 4d.
The same for Yetton, 38. 3d.
William Burgoine, gen. for Collibeer East, 5§. 0d.
Richard Dunning, gen. for Lofaton, 108 6d.
Thomas Hore, gent, for East nimp, 108.
John Oxenham, gent, for Squerrels, 68 4d.
Bartholomew Oxenham, gent, for Sessland, 108.
(Amos ?) Oxenham gent „ 108.
John Oxenham, gent, for Cullaford, 58.
The heires of Phillip Burgoyne, gent, for Justment, 48 8d.
M™ Ann Starkey for Taw, 58.
William Sluman, for his two tenements, 108.
Richard Westway for Little Collibeer, l8 3d.
The same for Lofaton, 68 4d.
James Powesland for Powesland, 108.
Joseph Goss for his tenement, 2/6.
Peter Ware for Yetton, 48 4d.
Thomas Endacott „ l8 ld.
Bartholomew Gidley for Yetton, 48 4d.
John Heywood for two (conventuuary ?) tenements, 48.
[The back of this parchment is covered with an arabesque
design in pen and ink.]
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NEIGHBOURS OF NOBTH WYKE. 611
1716.
" A Court Booke for the Mannor of Soth Tawton als
Itton."
This is of very old and decayed paper stitched into a
cover formed of a parchment deed naming Willm Millman,
John Steere, & George Gidley. The upper margins of the
pages containing dates, eta, are mostly destroyed.
1st page. Wm Hellyar Esq for . . . Collibeare.
Wm Oxenham Esq for . . . est Nimph.
The same for Trendlebeare.
„ „ Tou . . . een [i.e. Toue Green ?].
Itton.
„ „ Woodland.
„ „ Arnlyn Too.
Wm ffellowes, Esq, for Itton.
Wm Neale, Esq, for Wickington.
The same for Tow, 5*
Youldon, 10Bb.
„ „ Itton, 4*.
Wm Burgoyne, Esq, for East Collibeare, 5§.
Hered. John Cornish, Esq, for Loveton, 68.'
Robert Hole, gen, for Itton, 12s.
The same for Little Collibear, V. ? 6d.
Thos Hore, gen, for East Nymph, 10".
The same for powsland, 108.
Endacott, 58. 4d.
Willm Oxenham, gen, for Higher Cessland, 108.
The same for Lower Cessland, 108.
„ „ Cullaford, 58.
Rich Dunning, gen, for Lovaton, 108.
Francis Moore, gen, for Lovaton, 108./6d.
Philip Burgoyne, gen, for Just'mt, 1/8.
John Eastchurch, gen, for Tow, 58.
Ead. Tho. Hore p Tow, 5s.
Thomas Powesland for his Collibear, l8
Hered Alex Shapleigh, gen, p Itton, 48.
Richd Westaway p Lovaton, 48.
The same for little Collibear, l8.
John Eastchurch for Itton, 48.
£10 x?8 0*.
C°nTln2tary } John Heywood P his house ** Tow «reen-
2 Q 2
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612 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE.
1717.
Manerium \ Ex ? Cur* Manii p'to tent . . . [tus ?] infra man'm
de / p'to ... die Aprilis, A° . . . Geo III . . . Annoqu'
South C D'ni 1717, Coram Johe Steere, gen. D'no
Tawton ) Manii il . . . Johem Burgoyne, Sen (mil . . .).
libi tenon' ib'm.
Arthur Chichester, d. Conuent gen
William Oxenham, Arm., d. Johes Howard d.
William Helyar, (Arm ?) d.
William Burgoyne, gen. —
John flPurse, gen. d
William Oxenham, gen. r
Thomas Hore gen, d.
Eobtus Burgoyne, Sen. d.
Eicus Dunning, gen d
Johes Moore gen. d
Andreas Powlesland d
Thomas Endacott, gen. d
Alexus Shapleigh gen. d
Eobtus Burgoyne, Jun, gen. r
Eicus Westaway d
Adjourned till 14 Maii prox.
Adjourned further till 22nd May.
Ad Cur tent in . . . Man'io prd* apud Itton p'to. Eodem
22° Maii Anno supd'co coram tenen prd. Ss. Eosdem
Dnm p Tentm. libi tenen ibm.
Arthurus Dnus Chichester [Non Sund ?] conven'r ten.
Willus Helyar, Ar., Esson p Saml Starke & Johe Howard.
Willus Oxenham, Ar, d
Willus Burgoyne, Gen, Esson p. Johem Powlesland.
Johes ffurse, Gen. d
Willus Oxenham, Gen, de Sherslond [ — grot ?]
Thos. Hore, Gen. d
Eobtus Burgoyne, Senr. Gen d
Eicus Dunning, Gen. d.
Johes Moore Gen. d.
Andreas Powlesland Esson p Johem Powlesland
Thomas Endacbtte Gen.
Alex Shapleigh^ Gen.
Eobtus Burgoyne, Jun, Gen.
Eicus Westaway, d
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 613
Homagium ibm die p'rd.
Francis Moore Gen.
- Saml Starkey Gen.
Willus Steere Gen.
Johes Powlesland.
Bartho Gidley.
NOTES OF "PRESENTMENTS."
1740 (Nov.).
Mannor of South tautn otherwise Itton . . . etc.
1768 (Oct.).
South Tawton als Itton Manor. At a court held
for the said Manor at Cullaford within the Manor before
John Steere gent lord of the sd Manor & John Luxmoore
gent steward . . . eta
1786 (Nov. 1).
Manor of South ) Held at Cullaford . . .
Tawton otherwise Itton J . . . present the death of Hoar
Browse Trist Esq who dyed seized of 6 tenements parcell
of the sd manor . . . i.e. Endacott & 5 other ten* called
Taw, Eastchurch Taw, Shapleleigh's Itton, East Nymph,
& Powsland . . . that 6 best beasts were due ... a beast
for each of the 6 tenu as a heriot. The Bev. Browse Trist,
his bro & heir at law, agreed to pay £70 in lieu.
[One of the witnesses is Andrew Arnold.]
An old "Court Book" for the Manor of S. T. als
Itton, beginning 1716 ? ending 1784.
A Bundle of "Kentals," 1773 to 1841.
Bundle of leases of tenents in the manor 18th cent.
(Steere Powlesland), etc.
Letters & rescripts concerning Heriots, etc.
Manor of South Tawton ) 1792 (Dec.). Court held
otherwise Itton J by Mr. James Lethbridge
as acting devisee in trust for all the lands etc. under the will
of Mr. John Steere, late of S. Zele, lord of the sd manor,
held at house of James Jackman at Itton.
Manor, eta (as above), court of Mr. John Damrel at
Cullaford Oct. 1794.
ditto ditto ditto Oct. 1796.
ditto ditto ditto Oct. 1806.
ditto ditto ditto 1807.
ditto ditto ditto Sept. 1812.
ditto ditto ditto Oct. 1814.
also for 1816, 1817-1819, 1821, 1823.
J. S.
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614 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WTO.
1WQ MANOR OF SOUTH TAWTON,
Case on behalf of Mr. John Damerel.
Mr. John Steere in his life-time was seized in his demesne
as of fee simple of & in the manor of South Tawton, holden
of the king in free socage, To which there belongs a court
Baron, though not annually kept. There are also belonging
to this manor 32 tenants who hold their tenements to them
& their heirs forever, paying out of each tene"* a certain
yearly chief-rent, & the best beast for an heriot for each
tenement on the death of a free tenant dying seized.
By his last will (26th Aug. 1789) the sd J. Steere devised
all his manors, messs. lands ten* etc. (of which the manor
of S. T. is parcel) unto James Lethbridge & John Lillisant
... in trust (subject to certain annuities) to the use of the
testator's grandson, John Damerel . . . etc. (proved 13 Aug.
1792) and the sd J. Damerel as the first tenant for years
is now in " perception " of the rent & profits of this manor.
Mr. John Codrington, one of the free tenants, died seized
in fee of two tenem* belonging to this manor, called Higher
Cessland & lower Cessland & by will devised same in trust
to Wm son of Wm Nation, of Exeter, banker, & Bartholomew
Parr, as tenants (in common?). That on the death of
Mr. Codrington one best beast of each of the two tene-
ments were seized . . . [because the trustees were seized
of both moietifes in common].
Question : Ought one or two heriots to have been
claimed? RL
1805. June 21.
Draft Release by John Curson, of S. T. yeom. to Rich*
Creamer of Winkleigh, yeom. referring to an Indenture
enrolled in the Court of Chancery on the 2nd Jan. inst 4
dated 21 Dec. last, which, after reciting the will of Henry
Arthur Fellowes Esq. dated Sept 16, 1789 . . . and a Chancery
decree of 1794 . . . and further that the Hon. Newton Fellows
of Eggesford (who before he took the name of F. was called
Hon. Newton Wallop) had complied with all the restrictions
of a certain Act (42nd Geo. III.) for the redemption or sale
of land-tax, witnessed that the sd. N. F. for the purpose of
redeeming part of the land-tax charged on his settled estates
. . . devised by the s'd will had contracted with the sd John
Curson for the absolute sale to him of all that mess, tent
etc. called Eaton otherwise Itton, for £499. 15. R L
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NEIGHBOUKS OF NORTH WYKE. 615
lgl- MANOR OF SOUTH TAWTON.
Case to be advised on.
William Long Oxenham was seized in fee of six estates
belonging to this manor, which paid certain annual chief
rents thereto, viz : — For West Nymph 88, Trendlebeer 108,
Taw Green 58, Itton 4/4, Woodland 4§, Amlyn Taw 28. On
the death of Mr Oxenham Mr Damerel ordered six best
beasts to be seized for heriots, of which five beasts (then on
the s'd premises, the property of the occupiers) were seized,
but the seizure of the sixth beast was resisted by the occupier
of Taw Green. On application being made to Gen1 Acland's
solicitor ... he stated that in his opinion Mr D. was justified
in seizing the beast only of the tenant dying seized, and not
of the occupier.
Question: Whether in cases of this kind where tenant
dies without owning a beast he ought to pay money
equivalent ? R. L.
1818. Abstract of the Title of Mr. John Damerel to the
manor of S. Tawton alias Itton, and the fee simple of
Estates & lands called Colliford, Addiscott & other property
in the parish of South Tawton. . . .
Jan. 1818. Indentures of lease & release.
The latter made between William Damerel of Exeter,
Ironmonger, & Mary his wife, of the 1st part, James
Roarke, Gent, of the 2nd part, Henry Croft of the 3d pt,
& James Raddon of the 4th part. Reciting that John Steer
late of S. Zeal Gent, deceased, by his will in writing, dated
Jan. 26, 1789, devised ... all the rest & residue of his manors
messuages lands & tenements ... in trust for the use &
behoof of his grandson John Damerel for the term of 99
years, with Remainder to the use of the l8t son of the sd
John . . . with Rem. to use of 'testator's grandson William
— D. with Rem. to use of l8t son of sd Wm D. etc.
The Testator died Aug. 13, 1792. J. S.
1845.
In the Western Times of 26th July, 1845, is an account
of an action brought by Wm. Damerell, Esq., the "holder
of the manor of S. Tawton/' against the "Executors of
Mr. Palmer Ackland" to recover six beasts as heriots on
the death of Mr. Ackland, who held six tenements in that
manor as a free tenant.
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616 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKK
RIGHTS ON ITTON MOOR.
(Extract from Woolmer'i Exeter and Plymouth Quuette, August 10th, ISM.)
Cooper V8U8 Cann.
Mr. Crowder, in laying the case before the jury, stated that
the dispute arose respecting a place called It ton Moor in the
parish of S. Tawton, and which was part of Itton Manor, which
used to be called in old time South tawton Manor . . .
Mr. Greenwood put in an old conveyance of 3d Jas. I. in fee
of the manor of S. T. from Sir Thos Moleyns to John ChapeL
Also another of 1671 (Chas. II.) from Richd Mallock to John
Steer by lease and release of the manor of S. T.
Mr. Robert Tucker, attorney, of Ashburton, said he was
steward of the manor of S. T., and had been so for 25 years. Mr.
Wm. Damerel was the present lord of the manor and succeeded
his uncle, who died in 1816. He produced the Court Roll of
1675. It was a presentment at the Court Baron signed by the
Homage. In this presentment an estate was mentioned by the
name of Taw which was now held by Cann, the defendant Culli-
ford was also mentioned. Also a similar document dated 1719,
headed Manor of S. T. At a court held apud Itton, infra, the
homage presented a place for a pound, in the middle of Itton
Green near Endicott's hedge, and Willm Bishop pound-keeper, ind
amerce the lord £5 if he do not do it in three months. Another
Court Roll of 1725 in which the manor was first called "South-
tawton alias Itton,"8 which name had since continued except in
one instance, when it was called Itton alone. The homage pre-
sented Endicott dead and John Eastchurch, his next heir, as tenant
of Itton and Taw Green. This place had ever since been
known by the name of " Eastchurche's Taw." Eastchurcbe's
Itton afterwards became Ware's Itton, and was now the de-
fendant's John Powlesland's Itton. In another Court Roll of
1731 the homage presented a stray wether sheep marked with a
swallow-tail on the yere.
In the Court Roll of 1733 the homage presented Richd Ware
as tenant of Itton, which he bought of John Eastchurch. The/
also presented Thomas Hoare to be taken tenant in Court of the
estate which he bought of the heirs of Shapley — now known
as Shapley'8 Itton, and in possession of Geo. Powlealand. The
Courts held for a period of seventy years back were all stated to he
held at Culliford within the said manor. In the Court Roll of
1796 Mr. John Damerel, uncle of the present lord, was first named
as lord of the manor . . . and was presented for not repairing
Itton pound. Richard Ware, the foreman of the homage, wat
succeeded by another Ware, under whom Powlesland occupied
his estate in the manor. George Cann and John Anson, two of
8 No ; it is called so in Court Boll of 1716, q.v.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 617
the homage, were then possessed of the estate, which Thome
occupied ... In the Court Roll of 1823 the homage presented
Thos. Powlesland, the father of Powlesland the defendant, as
tenant of Itton. The Court Roll of 1833 presented Thos. Thorne
as tenant of Itton. This Thorne was mentioned in the pleas as
claiming the freehold of the Moor. At the same Court Mark
Cann, the present defendant, was presented as tenant to the estates
called Taw and Eastchurch Taw, being the devisee under the will
of the late tenant, George Cann. Mark Cann and others are
presented to pay 2/6 for "cottages" on being admitted free- tenants
of the manor. In 1837 the defendant Powlesland's father was
foreman of the homage, and Mark Cann, Richd. Ware and Thos.
Thorne were on the homage. At this court John Powlesland,
the defendant, was presented as tenant of Itton by alienation
from his father. There was also presented an alienation to Thos.
Thorne of New Plat in Itton, part of the said manor . . .
Powlesland had three Ittons. William Sawdye, son-in-law of tbe
late Mr. Damerel, stated that he knew the manor from 1803 to
1817 when the present lord came into possession. J. S.
1850. Expenses of witnesses at Bude Haven Inn. Cooper
v. Cann. Names include :
Oliver Sampson, farmer, S. Zeal; John Drew, Seven
Stars Inn, S. T.; John Cooper, Wonston, Throwleigh; Wm
Cooper, Addiscott, S. T.; Thos., Jane and James Cooper,
Southtawton.
There are several MS. books of Presentments of
the Manor. Example of one sheet (in that for 1864 et seq.): —
1873. Manor of South Tawton, otherwise Itton. At a
Court Baron of Mr. John Damarel held at Cullaford House
within the sd manor this 29th Oct. 1873 before the Steward
of the sd Manor and the sd John Damarel, the Lord of the
sd Manor. — J. Kobert Tucker, Steward.
Free Tenants.
William Helyar, Henry Arthur Hoare, Sir Thos. Dyke
Acland, Baronet, Thomas (Thorn?), Mary Sampson, Lucy
Eliz. Hawkes, Philip Cann, Mark Cann, Mary Aysh, George
Cann, Mary Sampson, Samuel Norrish, William Brely.
Homage Sworn.
Philip Cann, Foreman. Mary Aysh.
Mark Cann. William Breely.
Thomas (Thorn ?).
We present all defaulters who have been summoned to
this court and have not attended, and amerce them one
shilling each. We present all things formerly presented
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618 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB.
and not yet amended. We present the Keeve of this
manor for the time ensuing and until another be appointed
Mr Samuel Crocker. We present as Poundkeeper of this
manor Mr George Powlesland. We present the death of
Sir Thos. Dyke Acland, Bart., who was at the time of his
death a tenant of the s'd manor and who died seized of two
several tents called Taw Green and Itton, parts and parcels
of the sd Manor . . . etc. etc.
There are several parchments endorsed "Rental," or
"Rent Roll."
1851. Indenture.
Wm Damerell demises and leases to Thomas Thorn a plot
of ground lately enclosed from Itton Green, 20 ft. x 62 ft.
and bounded on N. by a garden in possession of Thos. Thorn
called the New Plot, and formerly part of the said Green
(gives full particulars).
1888. Indenture.
William Damerel of the city of Exeter, ironmonger,
grants to John Sampson of Polsloe Ed., Heavitree, merchant,
the manor or lordship of South Tawton otherwise Itton.
1900. The premises known as Great Itton, Itton, Late
Tomaton's Itton, Little Shapley's and Late Ware's, and part
of Justment were conveyed by Mr. John Powlesland to Mr.
Wm. Brock, jun., of Exeter, Jan. 12th, 1900. J. S.
TAWE
AND OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF ITTON.
1304?
Omnb3 xpi ffidelib3 ad quos psens scr'ptum p ven'it Ric's
Dygge de Towe sal'tm in dtio. Nou'ttis me Remississe
concessisse et . . . q'etu clamasse & hoc p'senti s'cpto meo
co'firmasse Johi de moyhun filio et hered Johis de moyhun
totum Jus et clamu quod h'ui ul8* aliquo modo haber' potui
in cursu aque sue que currit ad molendum suu de Towe in
man'io de Suthtawton. Hoc ecciam totu jus & clamu quod
hu ul aliquo modo haber* potui in situ & domo (d'ci ?) molen-
dum Ita quod ego her ul assignat mei d'cm Johem h'er sm
(or sui ?) assignatos suos occasione cursus aque p'dicte & sit
dicti domus molend'm vexare calumpniar seu grauar' ul in
placitar possint nullo modo inppetuu In cui* rei testm p'senti
s'cpto sigillm meu appos'm.
Hu's te8tib3 Johe Burnel Rico de Coleber* Johe de Cole-
forde Nicho le Towker' Ric'dni de Trendelber' & aliis.
* u'l=vel.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 619
Dat apud yedeton die mart p'xm post festm sci hyllarii
Anno regni Regis Edward* Tricesimo tercio. R. L.
1304 ? (R&um&) I, Richard Dygge of Tawe have con-
ceded & quit-claimed & by these presents do confirm to
John de Moyhun, son & heir of John de Moyhun, all the
right & claim which I had or in any way could have had in
his water-course which runs to his mill of Towe in the
manor of S. T., and all the right & claim which I had or
could have had in the site and house of the sd mill etc.
Given at Yedeton Tues. after Feast of St. Hilary,
33d Ed. [I.].
1533. (25th Hen. VIII.) Mention of "John Wonston
of Tawe" (Star Ch. Pro. 32, 57).
1546? Fine: William Broke als Halse claim't, Philip
fflee & Alice his wife defor'ct; re 1 mess. 1 gard. 60 acr.
(arable) land, 8 acr. mead. 10 acr. past, in Towe and South
Tawton. W. B. quit-claims to P. & A. for £15. W. B.
1546? Indent. 38th Hen. VIIL Between Philip fflay
and Alice his wife, of Collumpton, and Wm Brok als. Hals
of Credyton. P. & A. sell to W. B. all that one mess, tents,
etc., in Tow in psh. of S. T. W. B.
1560. (Trans, r&umi) John Baron & Richard Hole
release, etc., to Richard Wekys, clerk,9 all those messuages
lands, rents, etc., called Courtesbear, Est Spyttel & West
Spytell, sit. in the manor of S. T. which s'd mess, etc., viz
[uni* or viii?] messuag' 100 acr. land, 12 acr. mead,
40 acr. past, 6 acr. wood, 60 acr. furse & heath, were in
full Court at S. T. before Hen. Stafford Kt. (nup comit
Wiltes) and Peter Hylling besides Wm Wekys, Thos.
Battishill, Will Oxenham Sr, & others, in accordance with
the immemorial usages of the manor, confirmed to the
sd Richard Wek's & his heirs, etc. under date 28th Aug.
12th Hen. VIII.; And the sd. J. B. & R. H. warrant &
defend the sd R. W. against the Abbey Convent & church
of St. Peter's, Westm'r. W. B.
1560? Fine. Richard Wekes, generos, and Anna his
wife grant release, etc for themselves & the heirs of the sd
R. to Antony Copleston9* generos, 5 mess. 4 gard. 4 orch.
350 acr. (arable) land, 20 acr. mead. 70 acr. past. 6 acr. wood,
60 acr. furse & heath in Sarcelond, Colibeare, Cockesp'ke,
Sele, & Southetawton, Drewsteignton, Chaggeford & Throw-
leigh.
9 See xxxiii p. 463. * See p. 604, note 5*.
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620 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE.
1553?
George Mylford of S. Tawton, gentm complains that
whereas yr Orator was seized of 2 messuages 1 gard. 2 oreh.
60 ac. land 12 ac. mead. & 5 ac wood with appurte called
Wygyngton & Tawe in the p'sh of S. T. and so being sensed
one John Wykes of S. T. gentm John Gyfford of S. T. geni
John Gyfford of S. T. yeoman & Henry Randall of S. T.
yeoman with other evyll dysposed & riotous persons to the
nombre of six persons, 9th Jan. 1st year of reign, at S. T.
with force and arms i.e. with staves, knyves, etc. assembled
in the close of yr Orator called Wygyngton with fixe A
armes ... & made an assault — the sd Henry Randall 4
John Gyfford yeoman, by the commandment of the sd
John Wykes & John Gyfford gentlemen, the sd John Wykes
being then Constable of the sd. p'sh of S. T., did bete wounde
& evell entrete your orator so that he was in dispere of hi
lyef, & with a staf pryce iiijd, wyche the sd Hen. BandaU
had in his ryght hand, upon the left hand of yr 0. did
stryke (& broke the yonnt and bone of the 3d finger) & 100
ewe shepe of yr O. did dryve & chase wt dogs, etc. And
the sd J. W., J. G. etc did so threaten yr O. that he duret
not go about his business, that is to saye, in gethering his
rents, and doyng his husbondrye, for the space of 4 wyks*
or more & yr O. durst not in that tyme goe to the church,
being the holy time of Lent, etc. (Star Ch. Pro. PL & M.i 22.)
1580 ? Mem. qd Roger Man wood, miles . . . 27 Ap.
A0 23 Eliz. exhibuit q'dm articl sue interrog ex pte &ct
Mylforde. genos, quer, vers. Johem Weekes & Bogew
"Weekes def. etc. . . .
Case as to whether tithes ought to be paid to the pa**00
or proctor for cattle on " certain lands now in the tennrj
of George Mylforde, gent, & Richard Mylforde, called
Wyckington & Tawe" ... the said lands being *gflw
of H.M. manor of S. T. and ancient demesne and hold®
by suite & service of H.M." . . . "And George M. had
done suit and service at H.M. court of her said man01
these 20 years & more."
Robert Monson of S. T. yeoman, aged 70, is a deponent
and he, Robert ffrende, & Thos. Kelland are jurors.
(Queen's Rem. of Exch. 380. 1st pt 23d Eliz.)
1582 ? Thos. Fysher * Richd. Mylford. (Dec. and 0A
25 Eliz. East. 59.)
lODj
anaJ
week&
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 621
1606. Exemplification of a "Kecovery."1
John Chapell the Demandant or Recoveror, verms Thomas
Moleyns Kt. the Defendant or Kecoveree. "Manerium
de Suth Tawnton als south Tawton cu p'tn, ac unu
messuag'm unti tostum unu molendinum, sex acr. tre, duas
acr. prat, tres acr. past, coi'am past, p omib3 an'iis, primam
vesturam,2 unu acr. prat. & decern librat undec'm sol.8 sex
den. reddit cu ptn in South Tawton, Brodecliffe als Brode
Cliste, Clist More, Spraydon Cliste Heath & Wishemead.
1612. E- L-
This Indre made July 16th, Reign of Jas. I. of Eng. 10lh
yr* & of Scotland 45th yr. Between Henry Chapell of
Eide, Co. Devon, gent, & Ellinor Chapell of Exon, vid. of
the one party, & John Gullocke of South Tawton, weaver,
Grace his wife, and John Gullocke, son of the foresaid John
& Grace, of the other party —
Witnesseth that the sd Henry Chappell, as well for & in
considers0* of a certain charge w'ch the sd J. G. the elder
"hath & doth dealie bestowe in & about the errectinge &
buildinge4 of a certaine dwelling house in & upon one tene-
ment . . . hereafter mentioned to be leased & granted," also
for consideracion of the yearly rent, eta . . . We the sd
Henry & Ellinor have demised & leased, etc. unto John
Gullock & Grace his wife all that one tenement known as
Mullin's Mill . . . lying by the East side of a tent, wherein
one Stevin Townsend late dwelled, and by the north side of
1 " A Recovery is a feigned suit and judgment upon a real action brought
in the Court of Common Pleas, by one against another that is seized of the
freehold, to destroy Estates-tail, Remainders, and Reversions, and to bar the
former owners thereof" (vide Jacob's Law Dictionary).
The preamble refers to Placita Terra enrolled at Westminster before . . .
" Justis n'ris de Banco," Hilary Term, 39th year of reign (in Scotland) of
Jas. I. (and 3rd in England), Roll lxxxviij. But I fail to find it in Common
Pleas, Common Roll, of that date at Record Office.
2 Prima Vestura=the right to the profit of the first crop. Vide Jacob's
Law Dictionary.
Lawrence W. Chubb, Esq., Secretary of the Commons Preservation
Society, kindly gives me the following note : —
" Prima Vestura. or Prima Tonsura, i.e. the first mowing, is a limitation of
the right of sole vesture. . . . It was enjoyed by prescription or manorial grant"
* Rents of Itton, £10 10& Cf.
4 Perhaps the mill as well as the dwelling-house was being rebuilt in
1612. In 1503 {vide p. 600) and in 1606 a "toft'' was referred to, and again in
1606 " the toft of the milles there decaied." Mr. Brely believes there must
once have been a mill on " Mill Plot" (2,526 in Tithe Map), on the east side
of the road opposite to the existing mill. He informs me tnat a leat formerly
ran somewhat parallel to the course of the present leat, alongside the hedge
in a lane forming the eastern boundary of Brook Meadow (1,586), and that
he has ploughed up near where it passed through Mill Plot " the river-stone
paving of the old mill floor."
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622 NBIGHBOUES OF NORTH WYKE.
the lands of one Bichard Milford, gent and by the south
and west side of a certain piece of waste or common ground
called Tawe Green, & upon which tenem't the sd J. Gullock
is now erecting the house aforesaid, with all manner of
leates, water-courses, waies, etc. to the sd tent, appertaining
. . . with common of pasture upon Taw Green as other the
tenants there use or have used & accustomed . . . Eemainder
to J. Gullock the younger . . . rent 4s at 4 usual terms . . .
& also yielding upon the death of J. G. or G. his wife or
J. G. his son one capon or xiid in the name of a heriot or
farlive. ... J. G. to do suit to EL C. at South Tawton.
RL
1617. 19th March. Mortgage. Devise to Mark Sloman
of S. T. yeoman by John Endacott of Stokelinch, yeoman,
of all those messes, lands & tents " lying & being in Towe
commonly called or known by the name of Towe in the p'ah
of S. T." late in poss'n of Henry Eysedon of S. T. for 99
yrs. if Robert & Emmeline S. s. & d. of Mark S. shall live
so long, for £3, 6f, 8d a year & heriot to John Endacott, and
high-rents to the chief lord of the fee. W. B.
1652.
26th July. Indent, between John Gullock of S. Tawton
labourer, & Will Townsend, hush™11, that whereas Hen.
Chappie & Eleanor his wife, by their deed, dated 16th «Mj
10th Jas. I. of Eng. did demise etc. unto John Gullock the
elder, Grace his then wife & John their son, all that
messuage or tenement called Mullen Mill, situate ... in
Taw Green, in the pih of S. Tawton for their lives, for «
yearly rent of 4s. since which time the sd J. G. senior and
Grace, are deceased, but John Gullock Junior is yet living
. . . these presents witness that the sd J. G. for £11 M
paid him by the sd Wm Townshend hath granted, assigns,
etc. ... all the above-named premises & every part *
parcel thereof to the sd W. T. for 3 score & 10 years.
1664. Kl
This indent, made ... in 16th yr of Charles II. between
Jane Taylor of Exeter, widow, & Simon Snowe of Credyton
Co. Devon gentm of one pt. & Humphry Heywood of South
Tawton, weaver, of the other pt. witnesseth that the w-
J. T. & S. S. as well for the considn of a yielding up into
the hands of J. T. & S. S. all such right title estate & W*
of years which the sd H. H. now claimeth in one M*8-
or tenfc called Mullins* Mill, lying & being in the VJkg?
called Tawe greene, by vertue & force of two several leases,
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 623
the one granted to John Gullocke, the younger, for his
natural life, by Henry Chaple of the psh. of Eide and
Elynor Chaple of the city of Exeter widow the other granted
by th' above named J. T. of the city of Exeter in reversion of
the sd John Gullock, unto one Wm Townsend, for fourscore
& 19 years, if Alee Townsend, dau of the sd William, &
Roger his brother, or either of them, should so long live.
(Both of which surrenders . . . are procured at the costs
of . . . the sd H. Heywood) as also for the sum of 40* paid
by the sd Humphrey unto the sd J. Taylor . . . have
demised granted & confirmed . . . unto the sd H. H. all
that one mess, called & known by the name of Mullens'
Mill lying and being in the village of Taw Green within
the psh of S. T., together with all houses, buildings, gardens,
orchards, water-courses, leates, etc., thereunto appertng . . .
with all . . . comons of pastures in the Green called Taw
Green etc. for term of 4 score & 19 years if the sd H. H.,
Arminell his wife & Edmund Heywood their son, or any
of them, so long happen to live. And the sd H. H. . . .
being then in possn of the sd demised premises shall hence-
forth yield and pay unto the sd J. T. & S. S. 4f. at the
4 usual feasts; & at the deaths of them the sd H. H. A. & E.
shall pay one capon or 12d. in the name of "an heryott
or farlieve," etc. and shall do suit & service at all the courts
of the sd J. T. & S. S. at S. T. E. L.
1681. John Steere of Huxham, gent, lets for 99 years
to John Oxenham of Sloehill, in S. T. p'sh, gent, (if John
0. Grace 0. & Mary 0., his children, live so long) All those
mess, lands tents, etc. called Ascott als Addiscott, together
with common of pasture in ffaiestoneley [i.e. Firestone Lay,
E. L.-W.] Greeneway head, & the millway, & elsewhere,
to the premises belonging. All which premises were late
in the tenure & occupn of one William Milman of S. T.
1689. [Indent. l8t Wm & Mary.] R L*
Joane Hernaman of S. T. widow, Eichard Hernaman, her
son, of S. T. gent., & Eobert H. of St. Thos th' Apostle in
Co. Dev. weaver ... for £40 paid to J. & Eichd. by Mary
Powlesland of S. T. spinster, have conveyed to M. P. a
tent, lying in the town & borough of S. Zeale now in the
possession of the sd M. P. And the said J. H., E. H., E. H.
& Geo. Langbridge of Sourton [" woster-comer " in another
deed] & Joanna his wife, have for £100 conveyed to John
.Cann of Spreyton, gent, All that mess & tent, called
Spittle in the psh of S. T. now in possn of E. & J. Herna-
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624 NKIGHBOUBS OF NORTH WYKE.
man. And by this present J. & R & R Hemm acknow-
ledge that they wjR levy & execute unto the sd John Cann
All that justment or p'cell of ground called Collybeare
& all that aforesaid mess, in S. Zeal in possn of Hugh
Pilloe, & all that other dwelling-house, garden, & tent, with
appurts, called Jelly Downe [ = Shelly Down] & the Grove
now in the poss'n of the s'd Joan EL & Kichd H. likewise
lying in the borough of S. Zele i.e. 4 mess. 4 garcL 2 orch'ds.
10 acr' land, 7 acres mead, 18 acr. past, 9 acres Moore, eta
[Signatures of the Hernamans, etc.]. Another deed names
Elizabeth H. & Jane H. daus of the same Joanna Herna-
man. W. B.
Concerning an old South Tawton name, of which two instances, Radus
Hnrneman and Ricus Herneman, occur in a South Tawton Lay Subsidy list
of 1332 (zxxiii. 423), Fredk. John Horniman, Esa., the founder and donor
to the public of the Horniman Museum at Forest Hill, S.E., has kindly sent
me some notes, from which I cull the following :— According to tradition the
family came from some part of Germany. There are persons of the name
Hernaman residing at Frankfort. The form Herman, which it occasionally
takes in English records, hints at a possible connection with a property that
we find called Hermanesdon,5 in the reign of Henry III., in Devon.
Another suggestion is that the Hernimans were among a colony of Flemish
weavers who in the time of Edward III. settled in North Devon (**as many
place and family names still testify"), and there carried on the kersey
manufacture, which Queen Philippa of Hainault had done so much to
develop.
Hernamans is an old homestead in the parish of South Molton, two miles
north of Satterleigh, and within an easy walk of St George's Nympton,
where one Luke Hernaman rented a pew in 1664, etc In the parish of
Sampford Courtenay, where the family held a good position, Henn, son of
John Hernaman, was baptised, 1559 ; and Thomas Horniman, who married
first Arminell Weekes and second Mary Sloman, signs some paper next after
the rector in 1641. At South Tawton, Oct 30th, 1565, Richard Wikes m.
Anne Hernaman, and in 1748 another Richard Weekes m. Jane Hernaman ;
indeed the registers teem with the name.
1696? 9 Jul. 7 Will. III.
Indenture. John Steer of Huxham, Dev. gent, and John
Steer Jr. son & heir app* of the said J. S. for the sum of
£10 demise & lease to John Hey wood of S. T. husbm all
that mess. etc. called Mullin Mill lying in the village of
Taw Green within the psh of S. T. now in possn of Arminell
Heywood, widow, mother of the sd. J. H. together with all
buildings water-courses etc. for 99 yrs if the sd J. H. and
Arminell H. his sister or either of them shall live so long,
the sd term to begin after the death of the sd A. H. mother
of the sd J. H. Paying to the s'd J. S. the yearly rent of 4s
& on deaths of J. H. eta 1 capon or 12d as a farfieu.
8 Hermanesworth was held (under Bradesworth ?) by John de Mohun (Inq.
p.m. 7 Ed. I. 18).
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 625
And the sd J. S. Sr & Jr agree to give & assign to the sd
J. H. sufficient timber-trees now growing on a certain ten*
of theirs called Culleford, in S. T., whereby to erect & build
a convenient Linney on the sd premises to be taken down
and worked upp for the aforesaid by the sd J. S.
[The seal bears the device of a ship of the period.]
E. L.
1696?
Concord of a Fine sur Done Grant & Render, whereby
John Steer generos. and Mary his wife recognise the right
of William Oxenham, generos, to one mess. 1 barn, one
stable, 1 curt. 2 gard. 1 orch. 4 ac. land, 2 ac. mead, 5 ac.
past. 14 ac. furse & heath, in Dishcombe in the p'sh of
S. T.; and the s'd William grants & renders back the s'd
premises to the s'd John & Mary. E. L.
1700.
Between Will Helyar of East Coker, Somerset, Esq. &
Johanna his wife of the one part, and Will Stier of S.
Tawton, yeoman, of the other pt. . . . that W. H. & J. for
£460 & other considM demise & lease to W. Steer all that
mess. & ten* with houses barns stables orchards gardens etc.
known as Collabeir late in poss'n of Jane Lang widow, and
now of the said W. S., reserving timber-trees etc. & liberty
to carry away timber with cattle, carts & carriage, also
excepting the seats in the parish church of S. Tawton
belonging to the sd premises (Collibeare) for the use &
sitting in them when & as often as the s'd Will Helyar,
his heirs & assigns, shall be in this country; that then &
at such times the sd W. S. his exec™ & assigns shall have
liberty to sit in the seats belonging to Blackhall or Dib
House,6 to have & to hold for term of 99 yrs. if W. S., Elizabeth
his now wife, & Samuel Lloyd of S. T. live so long, paying
therefore 40s. by quarterly paymt8 and also paying on the
death of every of them £5 as a heriot to W. Helyar.
W. S. to repair houses hedges etc. And W. H. will allow
W. S. days (?) of Lime at his lime quarry in S. T. at such
rates & prices as other customers pay, to be used on the sd
premises and not elsewhere, and also will discharge the
high & chief rent.
Signed Will Helyar & Johan Helyar.
And on the dorse by — Helyar, Sam Starkey, — Shere,
Eichard Knighton, Joseph Gundry. E. L.
6 Dibbe House, vide xxxiii. 447.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 R
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626 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYK&
1710? 12th Ap. 9th Ann. Assignment of Tawmoors
from Thos. Endacott of Ideford, gent, to Thos. Hoare Sr of
S. T. gent. Mention of Thos. Jr, son & heir of Thos Hoare Sr ;
the latter seized in fee of a mess, called Taw Green lying
in Taw Green next adjoining to Thos. Endaeott's tent. &
whereas there are three fields or closes (formerly but two
fields) called Taw Moor long in possn. of Wm Sloman & his
ancestors ... so that there has been of late a sutt in
Chancery between (the aforesaid three persons) to discover
what part of the moors belongs to Endacott, and for per-
petuating some ancient witnesses that can prove the s'd
moor made & divided into three fields . . . These moors
belong to the two tenements called Taw Green. W. B.
1720 ? 14th March 9* Anne. Daniel Hodder & Grace
his wife grant to Thos Hore all that their fourth part in
four parts to be divided of all those two cottages, houses
etc., to them belonging, lying in Taw Green, the one called
Will's house & the other Owlacombe, which cottages were
lately taken out of the above mentioned Tent, called Towe
and are still reputed as parts or members of the same . . .
Daniel Hodder is grandson of Kobert Sloman. W. B.
1721. Wm. Oxenham, Armiger, claim't, & John East-
church & Amice his wife deforc'ts, re 1 mess., 40 acr. land,
20 acr. mead., 40 acr. past., 20 acr. f urse & heath & common
pasture, in Itton Downe, Itton, Upper Towne, & South
Tawton. 8th Geo. I. W. B.
1722. Ap. 16 . . . All that mess. & tent, called Itton
Tow7 and Upper Towne, in p'sh of S. T. in possn. of Wm
Sloman & Alex Jackman, & late the lands of Thos. Endacott.
W. B.
1722. John Eastchurch & Amy his wife grant & alien
to Wm Oxenham All those messuages & ten'ts. called Itton
Tow, & Upper Town, in the p'sh of S. T. in possn. of Wm
Sloeman & Alex Jackman.
. . . Mention of the part called Towe alias Upper Towne,
leased to Wm Sloman. W. B.
7 Mr. Brely tells me that the places called in old deeds Taw, Taw Green,
Itton Taw, Upper Town, Will's House, Owlacombe, etc, are all included in
or members or "Taw Green" Farm, and that be pays several chief-rents to
Itton in respect of the several members; but " Taw Mill " is a separate hold-
ing altogether, and he does not own it. It includes a field called "Taw
Hall " (query whether the site of the ancient Towe ?), situated to the north
of Wickington, at some distance from the river, in a lane running from Taw
Green to Taw Moor Cross and Cottage.
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KEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 627
1726. Sept. 2. Demise by Wm & Eliz. Sloman to Thos.
Hoare of all that one messuage called Taw, with all appurts
except the demise to Mark Sloman, Kobert S. & Mark S.
the younger of the trees . . . etc., and also the tenement
wherein Emanuel Wills lived, and the tent, known as
Owlacome. W. B.
1730. Mention of Itton Tow and Upper Downe.
W. B.
1734-5, Feb. 24th. The Poor Kate gives :— Wm Oxenham
Jr Esq. ... for Taw Green, 10d. Mr Thos. Moore ... for
Higher Taw 1B, for Lower Taw l8.
1740. An assignment of a Mortgage in Fee of Little
Dishcombe.
Also of two terms of years in Cullaford & Arscott
etc. . . . Between Bart. Oxenham of Winkleigh cousin
& heir at law of late Wm Oxenham of Cessland of 1st
pt. Thos Hore of Nymph Esq. John Nosworthy of S. T.,
clerk, Wm Battishill of Spreyton yeom. & Joane Ware of
N. T., widow, joint Ex™ & legatees of Mary Oxenham late
of Cessland widow of 2nd pt. John Steere of Bow, Malster
only son & heir of John Steer of Cullaford gent & Mary
his widow of 3d pt. W. B.
1774. Between Mark Cann of p'sh of Spreyton, yeom.,
Mark Cann8 his eldest son & heir app't, Thomas Cann,
another son of Mark the elder, Eichd Underhill of
Belstone & Eich Dunning jr. of Throwleigh.
... A marriage is to be contracted between sd Thos. C.
& Joannah Underhill, dau of s'd Richard . . . and as a
jointure the Canns grant All that mess, or tent, called
Spitle otherwise Spitlea. Dec. 15th Geo. III. W. B.
1797. July 31. Hoare Browse Trist, to Philip Steere,
Itton Tawe & Upper Downe, (with common pasture on Itton
Down,) formerly in possn of Wm Sloman, Alex Jackman &
Thos Endecott, and since of John Eastchurch; also Taw
alias Lower Taw, sit. on Taw Green late in possn. of Thos.
Hoare, great-grandfather of Hore Browse Trist. W. B.
8 Mark Cann, the eldest son, born Oct. 16th, 1809, died at South Zeal
May 14 tb, 1898. I saw him in 1896, and remember his courteous manner,
bright black eyes, and gently animated discourse on themes of local history
and politics. He gave me too some verses of his on "Cawsand Hill," that
showed a refined appreciation of the beauties of nature and of their ethical
influences. His daughter Agnes, wife of Mr. Wm. Brely, has inherited from
him the Taw Green estate, besides "part of Knapman's" and Pit Collibeare
(see p. 678).
2 R 2
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628 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE.
1800. Nov. 27. Philip Steer to Hoare Browse Trist,
reconveyance.
1802. June 24. H. B. Trist to George Cann Mention
of Oldcombe als Owlecombe, part of Lower Taw. W. B.
1812. Abstract of Title ... to "Taws Mills."
(1796. Sept. 28-29). Ind™ of Lease & Release . . .
between Hore Browse Trist, of Totnes, Devon, Esq, only
son & heir at law of Nicholas Trist, formerly of Totnes,
but since resident in the parish of Mauchack on the river
Mississippi in the Province of Louisiana in America, Esq,
decd, who was one of the sons of Browse Trist of Bowden
House in Totnes,9 Esq, by Agnes his wife who was the only
dau. & h. at law of Thos. Hore of East Nymet als Nymph in
S. Tawton, Esq. decd, of the 1st part. John Buse of S. T.
miller, of 2nd pt. & George Cann of Bow of 3d pt.
Reciting that by virtue of last will of sd. Thos. Hore,
[dated 14th May, 1746, Archdl. Court, Exon.] & by certain
Ind"* of Lease & Release dated 2 & 3 May, then last past,
between s'd H. B. T. of 1* pt. Timothy Rowland Bevan
of St Michael Bassishaw, London, gent, of 2nd pt. & John
Taylor of Totnes 3d pt. and of a certain Recovery, of Trin.
Term, then last past. ... He the sd Hore Browse Trist
then stood seized in his demesne as of fee in the heredu &
tente thereinafter mentioned . . . and that (for consid*
therein mentioned) he did grant, sell, etc. unto the sd John
Buse all those well accustomed grist corn mills called Taw
Mills, consisting of a complete room of mills with two
water-wheels1 & two pair of stones, and also two dwelling-
houses with a stable, two hogs' houses, & a linhay, and also
those 4 little orchards . . . containing about J acre, and
also those two little meadows called The Meadow and the
Mill Meadow als Broom Park, containing about 1 acr., sit
at or near Taw Green in the parish of S. T., together with
a certain path or passage ... for servants, men, horses,
carts, carriages, etc. . . . through a field called Wear Park
being part of a Mess, called Taw, sit near Taw Green, to
& from a certain dam at the head of the s'd Wear Park,
together also with a proportionable right of common on
Taw Green and on Tawton Common, parcel of Dartmoor
to the sd premises pertaining.
• Visited by Devon. Assoc., 1900.
} The present ruinous mill-house (gntted by fire about ten years ago) lying
on the west side of the road (No. 2,529 on Tithe Map) has only one water-
wheel. Wear Park (No. 2,585), on same side of road, adjoins the premises.
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NBIGHBOUES OF NORTH WYKE. 629
All which premises were heretofore in the tenure of s'd
Thomas Hore, dec'd [great-g'dfather of H. B. T.] and after-
wards of H. B. T. decd [uncle of sd H. B. T.] and since of
Browse Trist decd [another uncle of sd H. B. T.] after that
of the sd John Bewse, but now of the sd Fraunces Bewse
his dau.
Covenant from sd H. B. T. granting peaceable enjoyment
. . . free from incumbrances except for the heriot or farlieu
which might become due & payable to the "Lord of the
Manor, Itton." [sic] on the death of every free tenant.
Certain documents, affidavits, etc. proving the legitimacy
of the marriage of Nicholas Trist father of sd H. B. Trist,
with Elizabeth Howse of Philadelphia in America, spinster,
& the birth & identity of their son H. B. T. [attested re-
spectively by Notary Public Aug. 6 & Nov. 3, 1784, by Mayor
of Hartford, Conn., 1787, Mayor of N. York City, 1787,
Chief Justice of Commonwealth in Penn., 1787, etc. & by
a Commr in the Court of Common Pleas at Westminster,
2 Sept 1796].
1796. Ind™ of L. & E., and
Trin. Term. 36 Geo. III. Exempln of Recovery, between
John Taylor, Timothy Rowland Bevan, tenant, & sd H. B. T.
1797. July 28. Last will of John Bewse, giving &
devising to his dau., Frances Bewse, all that mess. etc.
called Taw Mills. Prob. Exon. 3 Aug. 1802.
1805. Mar. 18-19. Indre8 of L. & R. etc. by which
Frances Bewse did grant, sell, eta the sd premises to John
Ballamy, miller, for £400.
1812. Mar. 25. Lease & demise by J. Bellamy to
Frances Bewse of certain parcels of the sd premises, — To
wit, — All that mess, or dwelling-house, formerly the back-
kitchen adjoining to a dwelling-house occupied by J. B.,
also one lodging-room over the same, and a little house
inside, called the meat-house, and a garden adjoining the
Mill-leat.
1812. Jul. 30. Will of the sd John Ballamy, bequeath-
ing to his friends John Sloman at Rowden in p. of Sampf.
Courtenay, & Geo. Reddaway of p. of Belstone, all that his
freehold mess, etc at Taw Green, and then in his and his
Aunt Frances Bewse's poss'n, upon trust ... to sell the same
& divide the money . . . etc. three parts equally among his
children and the fourth to his wife Charity, and to pay his
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630 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WTKS.
s'd daus. Ann Betsey & Mary their shares at age of 21 or
on marriage.
Witnesses : Wm Langmead, frances Bewse, Wm UnderhilL
Prob. by sd John Sloman & Geo. Beddaway. An. 13.
1812. Bishop's Court, Exon. R L.
1812. 25 Dec.
Indre of 3 parts. Between John Sloman of Bowden in
S. Courtenay p'sh yeoman, & Geo Beddaway of p'sh. of
Belstone & Charity Ballamy of Belstone of the lrt part,
John Holmes of Tavistock, miller, of the 2nd pt. & George
Cudlipp of Tavistock, gent., of 3d pt.
Sale by 1* party to 2nd & 3d of Taw Mills . . . with two
dwelling-houses, etc. ... to the uses & upon the trusts
thereof to be declared by another Indre B. L.
1812. 26 Dec.
Indenture of 4 parts. Between John Sloman of Bowden
& Geo Beddaway, of Belstone, (devisees in trust for sale,
& exec™ appointed by last will ... of John Ballamy late
of S. T., miller) of the lrt pt., Charity Ballamy, his widow,
of 2nd pt, John Holmes of Tavistock of 3d pt, & Geo.
Cudlipp of Tavistock of 4th. Whereas by (etc., as ante) . . .
& whereas Taw Mill was put up for auction at S. Courtenay,
16 Sept. last past, & several bidders attended but did not
offer an adequate considn . . . the sd J. S. & G. B. con-
tracted for the absolute sale of Taw Mills to John Holmes
for £840 . . . and by these presents do bargain, sell, and
release it to him. E. L.
1813. Dec. 29.
Agreem1 between Willm Langmead of psh. of S. T.,
yeoman, & John Knapman of S. T., yeom. ... for the sale
of W. L. to J. K. for the cons11 of £465, of all that mess,
called Little Youlden & appurts . . . (except two fields
parcel thereof called Home Close & Lower Close, until
March next, & the Barn . . .). That W. L. shall have
liberty ... to cut 6 bundles of spars, & 2 bundles of binds,
& to have the shredding of the hedge in the oat airish
as well as the wood in the hem thereof . . . Mentions dower
of Agnes, wife of sd Wm Langmead. B. L.
1819. Indenture.
Higher or Great Dishcombe (then including Stentabridge
Meadow and Dornall Tenement), in possession of Hugh
Perkins; Culliford in poss'n of Wm. Powlesland (as tenants);
Lower Dishcombe in poss'n of Hugh Perkins; Addiscott
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 631
in ten. of John Townsend, Carpenter. . . .All that mess. tent,
or dwelling-house with the gardens & appurts called Moleyn's
otherwise Mullin's Mill in possession of John "Weekes2 as
tenant . . . etc
William Damerel conveys the aforesaid manor of Itton
and also . . . [places above named] to John Cobley of Buttis-
ford in Colebrook [short pedigree of Cobleys enclosed] on
trust, in case W. D. do not repay to T. C. by a certain date
£1,000. W. B.
1824. Indenture : — Wm Damerel of Exeter, ironmonger,
lets to James Langmead of Bow, the farmhouse called
Culliford, part of the manor of South Tawton.
1840. The same lets to the same the same farm, now in
occupation of Wm Powlesland.
1840. Indenture: — Names John Hooper as tenant of
Mullin's Mill.
1844. A folio, " Apportionment of Eent Charges in lieu
of Tithes," for the parish of S. T. Printed by Dunn, South
Molton. Gives list of landowners and tenants, and names
of holdings, with names of fields and details of acreage, etc.,
numbered to correspond with the large-scale Tithe Map.8
W. B.
1844. Apportionment of rent-charges in lieu of tithes : —
Taw Green, 62 ac. 1 r. 1 p., £5 14s. 10d.f including right on
Taw Green Common Meadow. Landowner : — Sir Peregrine
Acland, Bart. Occupier : — John Finch. Nos. on Map,
2,507, etc.
Taw Green Mills, 3 ac. 0 r. 10 p., 8s. Id., including right
on Taw Green Common. Landowner: — Wm. Brayley.
Occupier :— Himself. Nos. on Map, 1,923 (Taw Park, in-
9 Old Mr. Mark Cann remembered that a " John Weekes used to live at
Mullin's Mill/' and in 1896 I was shown, on the left-hand side of the road
approaching Taw Green from northward, and at the corner just opposite that
formed by Taw Green farmhouse, the foundations of "a cottage once occu-
pied by a John Weekes," who as tradition goes was reputed a "witch,"
insomuch that "Old Andrew Arnold" never passed his door without
•' repeating the Lord's Prayer backwards." There seems, moreover, to have
been some ill-will between them on the score of A. A.'s then ownership of
North Wyke, to which J. W. was wont to protest that he had a " better
right." The site of the cottage (2,503 on Tithe Map) is marked in the
*'view from Gutter Field" by an apple tree near the right edge of the
picture. It can never have been a mill.
8 This may be seen at the office of Messrs. Burch, The Deanery, Exeter,
and (for fee of la.) at the office of the Board of Agriculture, St James's
Square, London, where Col. Bolland has kindly afforded me every facility
for studying it, and for transferring the numbers to smaller maps for my
guidance in preparing notes on field-names.
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632 XEIGHBOUBS OF NORTH WYKK.
eluding right on Taw Green Common) and 2,529, mill-
house and premises, etc.
Taw Green Common, 1 ac 0 r. 26 p. (No. 2,518), and
Common Meadow, 6 ac. 2 r. 26 p. (No. 2,499). Landowners : —
Mark Cann, Sir P. F. Acland, Bart., Willm. Damarel, Esq.,
and Will™ Bray ley. Occupiers: — Mark Cann and others.
Note: — The rent-charge accruing from these commons is
apportioned on the tenements having a right thereon.
1902. The following appeared in the Western Morning
News of September 9th : —
" Sir, — As a member of the Devon Association, and an enthu-
siastic collector of historic material relating to the Dartmoor
parish of Southtawton, I venture — in default, so far as I am
aware, of any more responsible champion — to call attention to a
threatened encroachment on a piece of waste land in that parish.
I refer to Taw Green Common, on a corner of which, enclosed by
railings, a notice board has been set up declaring the site to have
been procured for the erection of a Baptist chapel. Personal
explanations have satisfied me that very laudable motives actuate
the chief parties concerned, and if 1 still utter a protest, I should
like it to be understood that it is by no means against the par-
ticular object in view, but purely on general principles as against
the increasing practice in this generation of relinquishing hold on
common lands, and thus depriving — indeed, I may say defrauding
— posterity of those ancient rights and privileges which ought to
be handed down to them in perpetuity.
"In a region so abundantly supplied with sweet air from the
moors, the claim for the retention of such wastes as ' breathing
spaces ' can scarcely be expected to have much weight, though one
can never be sure that some unforeseen development of manu-
facture may not induce a concentration of population in districts
now sparsely inhabited, or that some fresh victory of science over
matter may not give to every foot of ground, however sterile and
apparently worthless, a pecuniary value undreamt of at the present
day.
"But to waive economic considerations, and to say no more
from the aesthetic standpoint than that a modern building of any
kind can hardly be regarded as an improvement in a landscape
that now — with its flowery river bank, groups of tall trees, and
misty background of hills (Cosdon, Belstone Tor, and Yes Tor) —
is full of charm, I would urge most warmly from the historic
point of view the preciousness of England's common lands as
tangible links with her remote past, as the last survivals of that
communistic system of agriculture which prevailed in her 'Anglo-
Saxon ' days, and as landmarks for the topographer and aids to the
identification of ancient manorial estates.
"Ethel Lega-Wbbkbs."
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Looking N.W. From a photo by Sir Roper Lelhbrulge.
THE NOTICE-BOARD, TAW GREEN COMMON.
Neighbours of North Wykb.— To face p. 682.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 633
ABSTRACTS OF SOME OLD WYKES DEEDS.
William Wyke,a of Northwyke, son of Roger de Wray (1845) of North-
wyke, aud brother of John Wyke of Northwyke (1402), Sheriff of Devon,
took the name of his house temp. Ric. II., married Katherine, dan. and heir
of John Burnell of Cocktree, and had sons (1) Henry,b m. 1421 Julian, d.
of John Luttrell ; (2) Richard Wykesc of Cocktree and Northwyke, d.
before 1476, m. Eliz.,f d. and coheir of John Avenell of Blackpool in N.
Molton (see xxxiii. 443) ; (3) John Wykes, living 1435, d. a. p. ; and (4 f)
Roger Wykes of Byndon in Ax mouth (my own ancestor, 9ee xxxii. 195),
M.P. for rlympton 1413, Patron of Sutton Bingham. Wm. is said to have
had also another son John, living 1435, ancestor of Weekes of Honeychurch.
The aforesaid Richard0 had dau. Margt, m. Simon Whiddon of Chagford,
and sons John Wykes* of Wyke, living 1476, 1502; Richard Wykes, ?d
Rector of Sampford Courtenay 147 6, will proved 1483 ; and William Wykes?0
of North Wyke, living 1476, 1491, d. 31 March, 1523 (vide Inq. p.m. post),
whose son and heir, William Wykes of North Wyke, living 1491, 1527, m.
Jane, d. of Win. Prideaux of Thewborough, and dau. Alice or Joan m.
Rich. Taverner of S. Zeal {vide Burgoyne ped.).
The aforesaid William had dau. Jane, m. John Baron, and sons Richard,
William, Thomas, and John Wykes of North Wyke, Esq^ d. 10 Aug. 1545
(vide Inq. -p.m. post), who m. 1st Eliz. dau. and coh. of Wm. Crycheston,
of Co. Som. (by Alice, dau. of Wm. Wadham of Catheaston, Dors., and
granddau. of Sir John Wadham, Kt.), and 2nd Jane, dau. of Walter Wrev
of N. RusselL John's son by his first marriage was John Wykes of North
Wyke,, Esq., aged 20 and more in 1545, bur. 1 Nov. 1591 in S. T. church,
where his monument with effigy remains (see xxxiii. p. 432). He married
before 1552 Mary, dau. of Sir Roger Gyffard, Kt., and had by her a numerous
progeny ; but I will not pursue the pedigree further, except to add that his
gt-gt -grandson John, born c. 1636, died s.p. Sept 1661, was the last of his
line to possess North Wyke (vide Vivian's visit, Co, Devon),
Recited4 in a deposition by John Weekes, who in 1651
took the box containing them from North Wyke to his
own house at Blackhall.
For a copy of these I am indebted to the Eev. Wm.
Wykes-Finch.
1420? 8th Hen. V. William Wykea of North Wyke
did give, grant, & confirm to Henry b his sonne in marriage
with Julian the dau. of John Lutterell & his heirs ... all
the messuages, lands, & tents in Yeldon & West Colebeare
within the manor of S. T. . . . Remainder to one [sic]
Wike, brother of the said Henry Wike. . . . Rem. to the
sd William Wyke.
1433? 12th Hen. VI. Willm Polysland did grant &
confirm to Richard Wikec of Cocktree & his heirs forever,
all his messuages, lands, & tenements, reversions, rents, and
services with the appurts. in Yetton & Polysland.
4 It is to be feared not without inaccuracies.
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634 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE.
1433. Willm Polysland did ordayne & put Richard
Wyked of Mill & Wm Wykee of Cocktree his attorneys to
deliver to Richard Wykec of Cocktree full & peaceable
seisin of & in all the messuages, lands, & tents, etc.,
reversions, rents, and services, etc., in Yetton & Polysland
as in the deed last recited . . . etc.
1433. Wm Polysland ... & his heirs forever did remise
& quitclaim to Richard Wykec of Cocktree his heirs &
assigns, all his right & claim which he had in all messes,
etc., in Yetton & Powlesland as in the sd deed last recited
. . . etc.
1437 ? 16th Hen. VI. Henry Wyke & John Wilman
did give, grant, & confirm to Richard Wyke0 of Cocktree and
Elizabeth Avenell' all those messuages, lands, tents, etc.,
in Yetton & Powlesland in the manor of S. T. except iij
foot of land at Yetton in the hunpehay there ... all &
singL in which premises they then lately had of the " guif t "
and feoffment of the aforesaid Richard Wyke to have to
the same Richard & Elizabeth & the heirs of their bodyes,
etc., & for default of such issue to the aforesaid Richd & his
heirs forever.
1428 ? 7 Hen. VI. John Gambon, Wm Penell, & Rich.
Whitlock did put in their stead Walter Lylott, clarke, their
attorney, to deliver to Richard0 Wyke of Cocktree &
Elizabeth his wife full seizin & possession of & in all their
mess'es, lands, & tents, rents, services, etc., which they late
had of the gift & grant of Richard Wyke in Michell
Cocktree & Little Cocktree, to have to the sd R. & E. & the
heires of their bodies . . . Rem. thereof, for default of such
issue to the sd R. W.'s heirs & assigns, etc.
1444? 23 Hen. VI. John Gambone & Rich. Whitlock
demise & confirm to Richd Wyke0 & Eliz. his wife all the
messuages & tenements in North Wyke Gt. Cocktree &
Little Cocktree to have & to hold [etc., as ante],
1444? John Gambon & Richd Whitlock appoint Wm
Penells & Robert Kent their attorneys to deliver to Rd
Wyke & Eliz. his wife full seisin & possn of all those
messuages, etc. [as ante] . . . which they had of the gift
& grant of Richd. Wyke.
1450. 29 Hen. VI. . . . By one Nicholas Radford in-
differently chosen ... as arbitrator . . . between Henry b
Wyke & Willm (? a or e) Wyke of the one part & Richard
Wyke0 of the other part to arbitrate concerning the title
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SB
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 635
of a certain tin-work6 called Bobhill & Bobhill Coombe
within the Forest of Dartmoor, etc. ... by which the sd
Eich. Wyke should release to the same Henry & Wm Wyke
all his right, title, & claim which he then had to the s'd
tinn works.
1435 ? Eichard Wykec & Elizabeth his wife (" the said
Eichard Wyke & Elizabeth his wife being stroken through,
& John' written over the first line of the deed") did give
all his messuages, lands, & tenements in Yetton in the
manor of S. T. . . . to have to Eich. Sture6 & Eose his wife
for their lives & the longest liver of them under the yearly
rent of 308/ and no other reservation or condition.
1461 ? 1st Ed. IV. Christian, who had been the wife of
John Colebeare, & John, their son, did give grant & confirm
to Eichd Wyke all their mess'es etc. called Seresland within
the parish of S. T. to have to the sd Eich. & Eliz. & the
heirs of the sd Eichd for ever.
1469. 9 Ed. IV. Eoger Prous 7 had granted & sold to
John Wynnell & Eich Snell one parcel of wood growing
within the old wood in the Park of Bykebeare in the p'sh
of Spreyton with free liberty to fell & carry away the same
... for the following five years.
1475. 15 Ed. IV. John Wykys* of Wyke did grant &
confirm to Thomas Fulford Kt. John Speake Esq. Michael
Denys, gent, Ed. Wekys,d clerk, & John Tyddes, all his
lands tents services etc. which he had in Bykebeare Park
within the parish of Spreyton and one mess, with its appurts
in Yetton within the p'sh of S. T. with all his lands & tent's
in Pollesland, in the same p'sh of S. T. & also all messuages
lands & tents rents reversions & services etc. with the appurts.
in Cheston & Eoborough in the psh. of Eoborough all which
lately were of Eichard Wyky's of Cocktree father of the
s'd John Wyke. To have ... to the s'd Thos. Fulford Kt.
John Speake Michael Denys, Ed. Wykys, & John Tyddes,
their heirs & assigns for ever.
1484. 2 Eic. III. Between John Wekys of the one part
& Nicholas Prous7 of the other part concerning the title of
Bygbeare in Spreyton "all personal accons concerning the
said lands by one John Crobham & Eobt Hole "... that the
0 xxxiii. 415. In 1461 a John Wykes, Armiger, was Controller of all the
king's gold and silver mines in Co. Devon.
6 Sture = Steer.
7 In 1332 Willms Proucz de Wyke, named in Tax Roll, xxxiii. 25.
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636 NEIGHBOURS OF NOETH WYKB.
sd Nich. Prous should release unto the sd John Wykys te
title to the sd lands etc.
1489. 5 Hen. VII. Wm Pollesland did demise & confin.
to Wm Wekyse the elder one close of land with th' appurt*
lying in S. T. between his meadow called Gilleep'ke mead ct
the North part, of [sic] the tent, of John Wadham, Kt ti
the South part,& close of Wm of Collibeare8 called Browneshay
on the East part, and the highway leading from Tawe to
Tawton on the West part, to have forever under the yearly
rent of xiid.
1501 ? 17 Hen. VIII. . . . John Wekys* had demised
& confirmed one close of land with app'ts. called Bykebeare
to Lawrence Tozer and Eichard his son, " and houseboote,
harboote, & fire boote so often as need should be," without
waste, for term of their lives & the longest liver . . . under
the yearly rent of 13/4 & the best beast of them, the sd Bd
& L., for a heriot upon their deaths . . . etc
(W. v. W. Chancery B. & A. Whittington bef. 1714,
No. 9.)
JOHN WBKKES, D.D.
The Bev. "Wm. Wykes-Finch, M.A., sends me the following
extract from Prince's Worthies in M.S. in Sir Thos. Philip's
library, Thirlston House, Cheltenham : —
"John Weekes, Doctor of Divinity and Dean of St Barien,
in Cornwall, was born at Cockatree, in the parish of Sooth
Tawton. . . . Doctor Wike or Weeks (for so he wrote at last)
I take to be the son, or else the grandson, of John Wike*? aforesaid,
who, being born a younger brother, was designed by his prudent
parents to some public employment This gentle youth, Mr. John
Weekes, how little soever in stature, had parts and capacity larg«
enough to render him eminent in any ingenious profession. Bat
being addicted to books and learning, he betook himself to the
University to be only qualified in time for the highest and
noblest profession of all, that of Divinity. He went accord-
ingly to Cambridge, and was there entered a member of St John*
College. . . . After some time he had been there, he was chosen
Fellow of that House, and had in great reputation for his flow
of wit and facts. Mr. Weekes having in order ascended tiw
Degrees in Arts and also of Divinity, entered into Holy Orders,
and became a celebrated preacher in that university, insomuch
that the great Duke of Buckingham, that then was Sir George
Villiers, the Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, took
so much notice of him that he made him his Domestic Chaplain.
a 1575 ? (Devon). A Wm. Collybere was informed against by one Bog*
Norwood, " for transporting of bell-metal." Dec. and Ord. 18 Eliz. &**• lli
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 637
... He was twice married, and both times into honourable
families, Gorge and Carey. [Cf. following extract, Granville. —
E. L.-W.] He had one son that died, a marchant beyond the
sea, and two daughters — Grace, married to Mr. Fermour Pepys,
a Norfolk gentleman, who was Vicar of Braunton and Bishop's
Tawton at the same time; and Elizabeth, married unto Henry
Atherton, an eminent Doctor of Physick, born in Exeter.
Dr. Weekes departed this life at Barnstaple aforesaid on
14th July, 1667, in the 78th year of his age, and lyeth interred
in the chancel of his church at Sherwili under a plain stone with
this inscription: * Johannes Weekes, S.T.P. Hujus ecclesise
Rector. Prosapia antiqua et generosi nominis ortus arte et
virtute nobilioris Divi Johannis Cantebrigiensis olim Socues.'
As to his stature of body, he was somewhat short, a little lower
than the middle size, but as to his wit and fancy he was tall and
luxuriant. He was of a comely aspect and had a vigorous soul,
a well compacted body. However, his fancy was quick and
pungent, yet his prudence and piety generally kept it within
bounds of decency and morality. Dr. Pope calls him 'Dr.
Thomas Weekes, arniig.' " — Prince's MS.
In the History of the Granville Family, by Roger Granville,
1895, the same divine (presumably) is alluded to as
follows : —
"Bridget Granville m. 2nd* the Rev. John Weeks, Rector of
Sherwell and Prebendary of Bristol, and was buried in Bristol
Cathedral 14th Feb., 1627, where a monumental tablet, now
nearly defaced, contains the following epitaph : —
* By birth a Grenvill — and that name
Was enough epitaph and fame
To make her lasting, but the stone
Would have this little more be known : —
She was, whilst she did live, a wife
The glorie of her husband's life,
Her sex's credit, and the sphere
Wherein the virtues all move here.
And 'tis no doubt but grief had made
The husband as the wife a shade,
But that his death Heaven did defer
Awhile to stay and weep for her.'
Nine years afterwards, however, he consoled himself with a
second wife, Grace, 4th dau. of Cary of Clovelly, and sister of
Sir Robert Cary, and of George Cary, Dean of Exeter, from
whose house she was married in the Cathedral 1st Aug., 1636.
He became Vicar of Ban well, Bristol, Dean of Burian, and
Chaplain to Archbishop Laud. He was B.D. of Cambridge and
D.D. of Oxford."
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638 NEIGHBOUKS OF NORTH WTKE.
At the Record Office I find : —
Dec. 1633? Presentation of John Wykes, clerk, to
Prebend in Bristol Cathedral (Privy Seals 9 Car. I.
No. 407).
1636? John Weekes [the same person?] to be made
[Vicar?] of Buckland Newton, Dorset (Pres. Pat Ro.
12 Car. IL pt. 2, No. 152).
1637 ? Concedam Johes Weekes sacre Theolog. P'fessor.
libe Capelle et Eccli'e n're S'ce Boriane als Buriani, Cornub.
[on resignation of Bobert Chreigton] (Presn. Pat. Bolls,
13 Car. II. p. 47, No. 5).
INQUISITIONS P.M.
WILLIAM WYKYS OF NORTHWYKE.
(Trans. Abstract)
1523?
Taken at Exeter 7th Oct. 15th Hen. VIII. by the oath of
Nicholas Fortescue, Ar., Ed. Dele[wue ?], James Chichester,
Will Somaster, Ga[leswin ?] Yerwode, John Showe, John
Olyv', John Godwyn, John Battyshill, John Wyett, Bic.
Gyer, Henry Clerke, Leonard Soper & Thos. Coram,
Who say that William Wykys, Armiger, was seized of one-
third of a manor in Blackpole with appts. in his demesne
& of fee. And of one messuage 100 ac. land [arable],
30 ac. field, 60 ac. furse & heath with appts. in Major
Cocktre ; And of one mess. 80 ac. land, 12 ac. field, 30 ac.
f. & h., with appts. in Lytyll Cocketre; And of one mess.
30 ac. land, 6 ac. field, 100 ac. f. & h. in Myll; And of 1 mess.
200 ac. land, 30 ac. field, 60 ac. f. & h. with appts. in Northe
weke ; And of 1 mess. 20 ac. land, 4 ac. field, 100 ac. f. & L
with app'ts in Yetton & Collybear, And of 40 ac. land,
6 ac. wood, 20 ac. h. with appts., in Bekebeare, And of a
dwelling-house ("burgag'") in Sele; And so seised by his
deed dated 27 Aug. 9l* Hen. VIII. [1517?] he enfeoffed
Fulk Prydeaux, Humf. Colles, Eichard Wekes "clericum,"
& Thos. Sloman [of the said manors, lands, etc.] to the uses
& intentions declared in the last testament of the sd W. W.
by virtue of which the sd Fulk, Humph, etc., are now
seized thereof, etc. And the jurors say that the s'd William
Wekys was seized of 4 tent8 in Exilond.
And they say that the third part of the manor of Blacke-
pole is held of John Bourgchier, knight, lord ["Dno"]
Fitzwaryn as of his manor of Warklegh, by what service
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 639
they know not, and is worth p. an. [clear of, etc.] 40B ; And
that Maiore Cocktre & Lityll Cocketre with lands, etc.,
are held of Wm Courtenay, knight, by military service, as
of his fee of Cadley, and are worth per an. £4, clear;
And that North Weke & Myll, with, etc., are held of Nicholas
"Wadham, Kt., as of his manor of Hall by heriot-service,
and are worth p. an. 1008 clear ; And that the lands, etc.,
in Yetton & Colybeare are held of Thomas Molens by
heriot service, as of his manor of Ytton, and are worth
p. an. 208 clear ; And the lands, etc., in Bekebeare are held
of the s'd Nich. Wadham, Kt., in free socage, and are worth
p. an. 68 8d; And that the house in Sele is held of the
King in free socage, as of the borough of Sele parcel of
the Earldom ("com.") of Warwic, and is worth p. an. 10*
clear; And that the s'd ten't in Exilond is held of Katherine,
Countess of Devon, by what service they know not, and
is worth p. an. 108 ; And the jury say that the sd W. W.
was seized of no other lands, tents, etc., in Co. Devon, and
that he died the last day of March 14th Hen. VIII. And
that John Wekes is his son & next heir & is aged 27 yrs.
(Ch. Inq. p.m. 15 Hen. VIII., voL xl, No. 111.)
JOHN WEKES OF NORTH WYKB.
(Trans. Abstract)
1544?
Taken at Exeter 37th Hen. VIII. by the oath of Hugh
Pandy, Ar., John Bodlegh, Ar., Edward Ford, Ar., Humph.
Lovys, Griff . . . Emeredith, John Norrys, Eich. Capron,
John Prous, Hugh Touker, John Dune, Ralph Walrond
Hickleigh & John Hickleigh; who say that John "Wekes,
generosus, was seized in his demesne as of fee of &
in the capital messuage called Northweke, in the parish
of South Tawton, and of 200 acres [arab.] land, 100
ac. past. 20 ac. field, 20 ac. wood, 500 (" quingent ")
ac. furse & heath with appurts, in Northwyke and in
one tenement called Myll in the p. of S. T. and of 40
ac. land, 20 ac. past. 12 ac. field, 100 ac. f. & h. in Myll
aforesaid; And of 40 ac. land called Bygbearparke in the
p. of Spreyton; And of 1 mess. 100 ac. land, 40 ac. past.
10 ac. wood 100 ac. f. & h. called Mychell Coket ... in p. of
S. T.; and so seized by his deed dated 32nd Hen. VIII.
he granted & confirmed to Joan Wrey, dau. of Walt
."Wrey, gen'os, which Joan he took in marriage, all that sd
mess, lands, tents, etc., called Mychell Coketre al. Great
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640 NEIGHBOUBS OF NORTH WYKE.
Coketre ... to have & hold to the s'd Joan for term of her
life. . . . And of 1 mess. 100 ac. land, 30 ac. past., 100 ac.
f. & h. called Little Cocktree ; And of 1 mess. 100 ac. land,
20 ac. past. 12 ac. field, 4 ac. wood, 100 ac. f. & h. called
Ytton in S. T.; And in 30 ac. land, 20 ac. f. & h. called Cole-
bear in p. of S. T. & of one dwelling-house ("burg.") &
2 gardens in the borough ("burg.") of Southsele; And of
one-third part of the manor of Blackpole in the p. of
S. Molton ; and of one-third part of certain mess, land, tent,
etc., to that manor pertaining. And the s'd J. W. so seized
... by his charter dated 4th Oct. 34 Henr. enfeoffed Humf.
Pdyaux, Humf. Colles, et Alex Wullacomb, Armigers, and
Bobt. More, gen'os, of & in all & singular the manors, mess,
lands, tents, etc., specified ... to the use of the s'd J. W.
for term of his life . . . with remainder to John Wekes,
son & heir appt. of the sd John Wekes, & the legitimate
heirs of his body. And lastly they say that the s'd capital
mess, called Northweke, with 200 acres [etc., as ante] and
Myll with, etc., & Bigbeare Park, with, etc., are held of
John Wadham, Armig., for 30* annual rent & fealty, and
by what other service the jurors know not ; And they are
worth per ann. . . . [clear] £10 ; and that Michell Coketre,
with, etc., & Litell Coketre, with, etc., are held of Antony
Kyngston, Kt., and Mary his wife by right of the sd
Mary, as of her manor of Cadeleigh, but by what service
they know not. And it is worth per an. £8 clear; And
Colebear with, etc., is held of Thomas Molens, Ar., in free
socage and by annual rent of 12/9d and is worth 40* p.
an. clear ; And the house, etc., in South Zele is held of the
King in free socage, as of the borough of South Zele parcel
of the Earldom (" Com.") of Warweke, by fealty & 6d per
an. and is worth p. an. 138 4d clear; And the third-part of
the manor & lands, etc., of Blackpole are held of John Earl
of Bath, as of his manor of Warkelegh, but by what service
they know not, and are worth p. an. 4 marks, clear ; And
the jurors say that the sd J. W. held no other tenements,
lands, etc., in Co. Devon ; And he died 10 Aug. 37 yr. of
the reign of the King ; and John Wekes is his son & next
heir, who at his father's death was aged 20 yrs.
(Ch. Inq. p.m., vol. lxxiii, No. 30.)
SOME SOUTH TAWTON WILLS.
1547. July. Will Sture de S. T. ... Sibilla my wife .. .
To church of S. T. To the store of Jhesus there xiid. To
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 641
the store of St. George viiid. To dau. Thomsyne 18 nobles.
To Peternill & Marie my daus. ... To Johan my dau my
gret crocke (after death of wife) also all my plowe geare if
. . . etc.
Witnesses, John Cowffe, chaplyn, John flowman, Harry
Sturre. (Cons. Court,9 p. 151.)
1547. July. John Wonston of S. T wife Thomasine
... To church of S. T. . . . To St. Andrew's store there on
shepe. ... To my son Kobert chyldren (sic) a heffer. ... to
my son Xpofer all my clothynge.
Witnesses, John Cowffe, chaplin, John Walys Eich
Strypyhill, etc.
1548. 15. Sept. John Hoyle of S. T. Admon by Wm H.
his bro. (Cons. Court, p. 244.)
1549. 30. March. Eic. Quance de S. T. . . . Henrico 2.
fil meo. . . . Thome 2. fil Stephani 2. Eicho Aylicott Jr.
SupVisors: — Joh tauernor clericus, Eobt Strang, Eich
Adyscot.
Testibus -.—Eicho Wek' cl'ico,1 Eich. Addiscott Eobt
Frange, Hugon Buisey Henrico Quance. (Cons. Court,
Exon. p. 298.)
1549. Administration of the goods of John Battishill of
Sowth towton Sept 2. by Joanna his widow. (Consist. Court,
Exon. p. 319.)
1549. May 13. Will of John Frynde of S. T. To Wm
ffrynd the son of Stephen ffrynd 1 heifer 1 lamb. To pore
box of S. T. iiijd. . . . Johan my wife. . . .
Witnesses, Wm Smyth, Thos. ffrynde. (Cons. Court, 306.)
1585. 10th March. Administ. bonorum Alicie Weekes
de Teignton Drewe, ab intestato des. Eichardo Weeks eius
filio natu et legitmo in debita iuris forma iurat Alex
Knapman de Throwlighe & Willmo Shilston de Hittesleigh
obligat. in £10 etc. de bene et necnon . . . etc. cu ceteris
(clais ?) necessariis etc. (Deanery, Exon. p. 226.)
9 The inside of the back cover of the book for 1576, Consistory Court,
Copies, has been scribbled all over by the clerk of the period with devices,
flourishes, trials of handwriting, etc., from which I disentangled, and here
set down for their quaintness : — " Sum liber Thome Borckstrett. Doings are
good but sayinges are better. Rodings are good. Robt Cotton is a good
and propper man. Now mourne thou maiest for that thou hast lost thy
maister and putt on thy mourninge weedes. "
1 Vicar of S. Tawton, ordained 1498. Vide xxxiii. 441.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 S
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642 KMGHBOUKS OF NORTH WTKK.
1588. Notes of Will of George Milford* of South
Tawton.
Invent. £43 8 2*. Body to be buried in the church of
8. T. To Adam Milford my godson my salte of siluer p'cell
gilted w'th my greate dosen of silver spoons gilted at the
ends w'th my standing coppe doble gilted, with a cover
to be delivered at the aidge of 21 years. . . . Remainder
to heirs male of degorie Leye & Katherine my daughter
at the aidge of 21 yrs. Remainder (including little ale-
cuppe w't a couer p'cell gilte) to the daughters of Degorie
Leye & Katherine, & Richard Milforde, to be divided equally
... at their day of marriage. To my wife Margery halfe
a dozene of silver spoons with acornes at the end, during
her widowhood, and a cowe, three yearlings, ten yeos,
her bedd p'fourmed w't a cofer and all her apparel. To
Richard Milforde my sonne all my landes in Devonsheere
. . . Mention of Mr Wm Burgoyne. My best gown & cote
to my son in lawe Degorie Leye (Ex. ?). To Adam Milford
my godsonne my standing bedd in my chamber with a cofer
covered w't leather. ... It is agreed between me & Richard
my son that he shall have nothing to do with my woods,
nor with any of my goods within my chamber, nor no other
that I should make or increase in my lief-tyme. . . .
Witnesses, Hugh Cottle, Jo Symons, Rowland Anantocke.
(Deanery of Exon. 509.)
1623. 6. Aug. Johannis Weekes, clerici de Drews teignton
. . . weak in body but perfect in mind. ... To the poor of
D. £10, Unto my wife Alice Weekes £6 And as to £100
in hands of Mr Arthur Champernowne of Dartington . . .
etc. Ty my son Oliver Weekes £6. To my son Walter W.
£12. To Margaret W. my dau £6. To Hester, my
dau. £18. To Arthur W. my son £6. To Joane W. my
dau. £18. To Thomasine my dau. £25. To Agnes W. my
dau xl*. To Margaret Wardell my dau.-in-law 408. To
Ibott Adams xl*. To Dorothy Weekes my Cosen 40s. To
Andrew Byckhpm my servant xl8. Overseers (to have care
of my children) Arthur Champernowne & Mr John Gee
Vicar of Dunsford. Witness, Richard Potter's mark.
Addition 1624, 12th April: — Unto Jane Weekes my dau.
£3. Unto my son Francis Weekes v8 Son Arthur y9 son
Symon v*. . . . By Mr John Wies, clarck.
Witnesses, John Gee. Thos. Shilston. Prob. Exon.
£298. 28. 2* 11th feb. 1624 by Alicia W. (Cons. Court,
p. 548.)
a Vide p. 620.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 643
1718. Nov. 4. Last will of Thos. Endacott. To my
wife Mary E. the bed performed in my cellar chamber. . . .
To my mother Argent E. ... To my cousin Stephen E. of
Tdeford. W. B.
ADDENDA TO PART I.
(Trans, xxxiii.)
p. 400. Corrig
I am not sure that I have ever found an I in early forms
of spelling Itton in South Tawton, but this place and Ilton
in Malborough have some variants in common, and Worthy's
erroneous identification of the two at first misled me.
,AO 10/51 BLACKHALL MANOR.
p. 403. 1861.
Mr. Cooper this day paid me 12/ 6 years 2/3d quit rent
due in respect of the manor. J. Cadwel
The Master of the . . . Egremont.
W. B.
18fi7 BLACKHALL MANOR.
8th Nov. Eecd of Mr Cooper 1/6 one & half years quit
rent due to the trustees of the late Earl of Egremont to
Mich* last. James Eoutley.
p. 409.
Corrig. 4th line, for No. 48 read 28.
p. 410. 1297.
In C. Devon's MSS. 24,770, p. 167, the accounts of Thos.
de Swenesey,8 clerk, warden of the king's mines, 1300,
mention moneys received from the king's manors of Brad-
nech, Lydford, Dertemore & Wyke ( = Week in Chagford
als Southteign als Hampston Wick). (O. J. E., xxvii. 197.)
p. 411. 1309.
1273. It has been shown by Sir Eoger de Leyburne &
Eleanor his wife, & Sir Hugh de Mortuo Mari & Agatha
his wife, that whereas in the partition of lands in Ireland
that belonged to the Earl Marshall, among the heirs &
parceuers of Sibyll de Ferar[iis] one of the heiresses &
parceuers of that inheritance, there were assigned to the
sd Eleanor in her purparty £14 5 0£, etc. (Cal. Clo. Eo.,
p. 48.)
[Query : Is Leyburne same name as Lamburne ? Eichard
de Lamburne held in S. T. 1347. See p. 413.]
8 Is the name Sweyneaton a variant ? Vide 1276, p. 591.
2 8 2
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644 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKK.
1274. Joyce de Munfichet held the manor of Tayden
Gernet of Willm de Lambume. (CaL Clo. Ro., p. 74.)
1278. Mention of Roger de Ley burn & Idonea his wife.
Ibid. Wm de Leyburn son of Roger de Leyburn. . . .
They hold in Kent.
Inq. p.m. 17 Ed. I. 47 (& A. Q. D. File xil). Will*
Lamburne. Pro. Fratribus Militiae Templi in Pri[te ?]lwell,
Sutton, & Doylegh.
p. 420.
In 1463 (xxxiii. 420) a murder at Tawton Fords is
attributed to one John of Irelond, but the existence of such
a person in the county is denied. However this may be,
I find a Fine (Pasc. 31* Eliz.) between Ric Wood, Ar. and
Ric. Irishe & Isot his wife re a tenfc & 32 ac. land in Taw-
ford, Downe, and N. Tawton.
p. 429, note 1.
Domesday (r£sum£). The Earl of Mortain has a mansio
called Birlanda which Ordulf held T. R. E. & which
Rainaldus now holds of the earl.
1275. Master Thos. de Birlaund, Archb'p of Northumber-
land to be acquitted of . . . amercement. (Cal. Clo. Ro.,
p. 219.)
p. 430. 1287.
To the Sheriff of Devon. Order to cause John de
Valletorta to have seisin of 12* yearly of rent in Comewell
near la Wyk that Alured de la Porte who was hanged for
felony held; as the king learns by Inqn taken by the
Sheriff that they have been in the king's hands for a year
& a day, and that Alured held them of the said John, and
that John de Wyk ought to answer to the king for a year &
a dav
J' Witness, Edmund Earl of Cornwall.
(Cal. Close Rolls, p. 453.)
p. 430. 1235 ? (Robert Knoel.)
(Inq. p.m. 20th Hen. III., File 1, No. 1.) Ric. Noel ten*
in cap. in Com Kane. . . . Name of Alured de Trulegh
occurs in it. (Cf. 1269, p. 429, vol. xxxiii, and 1243,
p. 428.)
p. 432. The Church. Add :—
I have seen at the Record Office an original MS. book
(with illuminated* head-letters) setting forth among other
matters " certain acts and statutes made by the noble King
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKE. 645
Edwarde the thirde to the collodge in the Castell of Wynde-
sore and first found" to the high & honorable ordre of the
garter "... how, for instance, " He established & ordained in
his chapel and Colledge of St. George of Windesore a Custos
or a Dean & xii secular priests chanons, xiii priests vicars,
vi quere8ter8 & xxvi pore contemplatyve knyhts under one
corporacion ... for whose ppt1 sustencacion ... he founded
and appropryede certayne benefyces and pocessions . . . etc."
Then in a long list of churches, manors, rents, etc., consti-
tuting " The Lyuelode perticuerly of the saide foundation,"
I find (scarcely recognisable for South Tawton !) " Item, the
gyf te of Thomas th' earle of Warwyke the churche of South-
ampton." As to names occurring in my footnote (xxxiii.
p. 432), I may add that in 49th Ed. III. 17th Oct., Willmus
Mugge was custos, and that among the possessions aire two
pastures called frythe and Asshecrone . . . the portion of
Thorpe. (Miscell. Books, Treas. of Excheq. No. 113.)
1302? Hund. de Wonford. Prioressa de Canonlegh
tenet in Donsford. . . .
Elem : Dunsford appropriav . . . dom. Kanonlegh in pur
elem & est £ f. xx*. (Lay Subs. Devon. y.)
The Rev. Canon Dalton, the present Librarian of the
College, writing from The Cloisters, Windsor Castle, has
been kind enough to give me the following information : —
"The advowson of South Tawton and the Eectory were
given to the College of St. George by Thomas Beauchamp,
Earl of Warwick, one of the founders of the Order of the
Garter, on the 20th March, 1349. King Edward III. granted
his licence for the appropriation of the same 28th June,
and Bishop Grandison approved and ratified it 1st Aug.,
1349. From that day to this it has belonged to the Chapter,
except, of course, during the Commonwealth. The rectorial
tithes were always let on lease by the Chapter till 1863,
and sometimes the right to nominate a vicar was included
in the lease, but by no means always."
p. 441. (Hugh de Le Ministre, Parson of S. T. 1297.)
Cal. Close Rolls, 1285, m. 6: — Hugh de Turberville
formerly Sheriff of Hereford to be acquitted of . . . 100s
for the escape of Philip de Leministre [index says, "See
Leominster"] who escaped from Hereford Castle between
Mich. 48th Hen. III. & Easter ... as Hugh could not receive
the issues of the sd. Co. at that time because of the wars
then raging in England.
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646 NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYK1L
To Wm. Mugford, Esq. (member of this Association),
I am indebted for the following notes: — "Preb. Hingeston-
Kandolph tells me that only one institution is recorded
in Brantyngham, and that it was on the presentation of
the Warden and Canons of Windsor.
"The institution of Sir John Servys on 7th December,
1558, on death of last incumbent, was also on their pre-
sentation, so that it would seem as if they had not leased
the advowson or right of presentation from 1349 to 1558.
" On 16th March, 1576-7, John Brawlerde was instituted
on Servys* death on the presentation of John Weeks, Esq.,
and on 21st November, 1582, Sir John Wykes was in-
stituted on Brawlerde's lawful deprivation; on the pre-
sentation of John Wykes, Esq., and William Wykes,
gentm.
"On 2l8t August, 1607, William Bowker, B.A., was in-
stituted on the presentation of the king by reason of lapse
of time, i.e. neither Patron, Bishop, nor Archbishop had
presented in the six months allowed to each of them. In
this case the cause of vacancy is not given.
" On 17th May, 1613, Richard Curson, M.A., was instituted
on death of last incumbent on the presentation of the
Dean and Canons. Beard's institution was also by the
Dean and Canons.
" In the Register of the Episcopal Visitation of the Rural
Deanery of Dunsford, held on 26th March, 1622, there
is the following note against the name of Mr. John
Weekes, M.A., Rector of Drewsteignton : 'Non comparuit,
dicitur eum egrotare et esse paraliticum ideoque Dominus
eum habet excusatum/ "
p. 447. From a note on page 125 of the October number
of Devon Notes and Queries, I gather that the coat impaled
by Battishill, in the stained glass window-quarry at West
Wyke, is intended for that of Callis, though there are
certain differences between it and the arms as blazoned by
Papworth.
p. 454, footnote 2. Corrig. For Ricus de Taweland read
Ricus de Tanfland, i.e. Tamerland.
p. 463, note 1. Corrig. For Pidlecomb read Owlecombe.
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NEIGHBOURS OF NORTH WYKB. 647
NOTES ON SOME OLD HOUSES
IN THE MANOR OF ITTON.
Sessland. — Mr. Sampson, the tenant, told me that the
more modern part had been a gentleman's dwelling, and
the older building, at right angles to it (now used as pound-
house, etc.), a workman's cottage. In the latter the kitchen
fireplace (whose external chimney is shown in view), granite,
square-headed, not wide, and the axe-dressed oak partitions,
were similar to examples at North Wyke, and there was a
doorway like one at Powlesland of fourteenth-century type.
In one of the lower rooms stone corbels projecting from the
wall had evidently carried upper flooring. One large apart-
ment had an upper floor over only half its length, as if
solar of halL
Trendlebeare. — Tenant, Mr. Drake. Nothing to show
antiquity, unless the long barn with narrow window-slits.
Over a house-door R 0. 187(2 ?) rudely incised in granite.
Squat chimney-stack — usual Dartmoor type.
Lovaton. — Approached by drive with tall trees to left —
two very fine old cedars of Lebanon. The farm precincts
enclosed by a high walL Mr. Grendon, the tenant, showed
me in one of the cottages a very wide external doorway of
finely moulded oak (see sketch), and in the parlour of the
farmhouse a fireplace with genuine old Dutch blue and
white tiles, flat architrave, richly carved with naturalistic
flowers in high relief, and dentilled cornice under narrow
shelf.
Livaton. — Mr. Tucker (churchwarden), tenant. His wife's
mother has reached the age of 98, at which her brother,
G. U. Wills, of Sticklepath, died in 1901. Back of house of
E plan, looks Elizabethan modernised. In parlour, mantel
made up of finely fluted mahogany or rosewood, said to
have been brought from S. T. church when restored. In
old wing (now store-house) a newel staircase in a small
square recess, elliptic door-head with central notch (Hen.
VII.?), very wide fireplaces with (Georgian?) mouldings
round them, and no mantel-shelf.
At Coursebeer, I was told, nothing old remained.
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"GIFFAKD'S JUMP."
BT HARDINGB P. GIPPARD, M.A., F.8.A.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
In Polwhele's History of Devonshire, p. 420, occurs the
following passage in reference to an accident which is said
to have happened on the coast of North Devon about half-
way between Bideford and Clovelly, and something more
than half a mile from Horn's Cross, a small hamlet on the
high-road between those places : —
" The cliffs adjoining the sea are remarkably high, craggy, and
romantic. The highest bears the marks of, and is supposed to
have been, an ancient fortress: and still retains the name of
Peppercombe Castle. Another, not far distant from Peppercombe
Castle, is noted for a remarkable accident which happened there
about half a century ago, which is thus: Some of the ancient
family of Giffard, and others, on a party of pleasure, having
seated themselves on the top of this cliff, which commands an
extensive view of the sea, one of the Giffards (a young man)
sitting carelessly near the brink, and turning himself about
hastily, fell backward over the precipice, upwards of one
hundred and thirty feet perpendicular, and the floor at bottom
covered with craggy rocks and large stones, yet received no
manner of hurt: since which this place has borne the name of
« Giffard's Jump. '"
It is a fact that local tradition still preserves the memory
of this accident, and the spot is marked on the last Ordnance
Survey as " Giffard's Jump." As, however, several versions
of the story have been given to me by the inhabitants of
the district, and, having regard to the fact that Polwhele,
writing about 1793, states that the accident occurred about
half a century before that date, it may be, perhaps, of some
interest if I place upon record, with such notes and
observations as appear to be necessary, the tradition which
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"giffard's jump." 649
has been preserved in the Giffard family, and which is em-
bodied in the following verses, composed in or about the
year 1791 by the late Sir A. Hardinge Giffard, the uncle of
the present Lord Chancellor. This and other pieces were
collected and published in 1843 for private circulation by
Sir Hardinge's son, the late Edward Giffard, Esq., Secretary
to the Transport Department of the Admiralty.
"GIFFARD'S LEAP."
" In the dark woods of Umberleigh
Lord Arthur1 leads his quiet life
Amongst his daughter's children, free
From courtly cares and courtly strife.
"No other wish has he, and yet
Oft might a thought of lofty things
Visit the last Plantagenet,
Sprung from a race of mighty kings.
" But well, I ween, the jealous mind
Of his hot nephew he has known,
Nor is his peaceful soul inclined
To seek the thorns that fill a throne.
" He leaves to Courtenay and to Pole
The favours of that dangerous king
Who watches in his gloomy soul
The time to make his tiger spring.
"There on the sylvan banks of Taw
One lovely daughter blessed his bed,
And twice her bridal rites he saw,
Though now he mourns that daughter dead.
" In opening youth to Basset's heir
Her not unwilling hand she gave,
But clouded was the prospect fair
When Basset filled an early grave.
" But youth and grief will lightly part,
And Monk the heir of Potheridge came ;
She yielded him her widowed heart,
And to his halls he bore the dame.
"Their darling Margaret now is grown
The wonder of the Torridge side,
And good Lord Arthur deems that none
Deserves to claim her for his bride.
"She was his wayward, giddy child,
Unchecked by aught save love's controul,
And when upon his face she smiled
'Twas sunshine to the old man's souL
" But the young heir of Halsbury
Tells his soft wish and wins her heart ;
A bold and graceful youth is he,
And formed to play the lover's part
1 "Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle."
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650 "giffard's jump."
" And Parkham bells have told the tale
That lovely Margaret is his bride,
And every village in the vale
Has to that joyous sound replied.
" ' Come forth, my love/ the bridegroom said,
* Come look upon the Severn Sea,
Yon cliff that proudly lifts his head
Shall be a seat for you and me.'
" In sportive mood the cliff they gained,
Tne raptured pair the waters view'd,
And o'er the edge their sight they strained
To mark the wild waves fierce and rude.
11 And still to trace the rocky beach,
Mocking her husband's anxious eye,
The giddy Margaret forth would stretch,
And still another look would try.
" To lure her from this dangerous spot
He turns to point each neighbouring scene-
' And look, my love, where Portledge Court
Smiles lovely o'er the level green.
" ' And westward, dear, direct thine eyes
Where pendent like a sea-bird's nest
In quiet calm Clovelly lies
Reposing on the cliff's high breast.
" 'See Hartland closing round the bay,
Glamorgan's shadowy mountains view,
And Lundy, braving ocean's sway
And Dunster's heights of distant blue.
" ' Refrain, my dearest love, refrain,
Nor wildly tempt this dreadful height ;
While o'er this giddy brink you strain,
The shock may blind your dazzled sight.*
" Her footing fails — his powerful hand
Saves her — but for a sight of woe,
He sees her just securely stand,
And he himself is hurled below.
"Oh, bear away that wretched bride
A dismal road to Halsbury Hall,
This morning saw her in her pride
And noontide sees her reft of alL
" Lord Arthur is a wretched man
To see that pale and lifeless child
Who, when this dismal day began,
In joy and health and beauty smiled.
"And far and near he sends for aid
To every Leech of healing skill,
And well are his commands obeyed,
And soon that mourning hall they filL
" But as each remedy applied
Recalls her back to sense and life
Tis but to tell that wretched bride
That she no longer is a wife.
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"giffard's jump." 651
u And now a murmur rises round,
His voice— his own loved voice — she hears ;
She rushes to the well-known sound
And bathes him in her joyful tears.
" ' Oh, where and how, my dearest best,
Restored to me and love and life ;
What angel could that fate arrest
Sought by thy wretched, reckless wife f '
" • My humblest grateful thanks/ he said,
' To the All-merciful are due,
Whose arm has snatched me from the dead,
Restored to life and love and you.
•"For He, without Whose Will, no hair
Is idly from our temples shed,
Even as I fell in middle air
The means of safety round me spread.
" • Twa8 where of old a ragged oak,
That half-way down the cliff had grown
Forth from a crevice in the rock
Its old and tangled roots had thrown.
" • With wild convulsive grasp my hands
Upon that tangled root I flung,
And pendent o'er the stony strand,
In momentary safety hung.
" ( A jutting stone, a gadding briar,
Were aids upon my perilous way,
(Small are the aids that we require
When love and life the prize display,)
" * And soon to many a wondering friend,
Lamenting my untimely doom,
Did I the lower cliff ascend
And hasten to this happy home.'
"He ceased, and well you may suppose
The gratitude that Margaret felt,
When in that evening's happy close,
To pour her fervent thanks she knelt.
"Ages have pass'd and names are gone,
But living still in local lore —
Right well the ' Giffard's Leap ' is known
To those who tread that rocky shore."
Such is the story which has been handed down in the
Giffard family, and I see no reason to doubt that it is
substantially correct. Sir Hardinge's father was nephew
of Eoger Giffard, the last of that name who owned and
resided at Halsbury, and it is not improbable that the
details of the story were preserved more carefully than
elsewhere in the family to which the hero of that story
undoubtedly belonged. It is to be remembered, also, that
the family tradition and the local report, derived from
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652 "giffard's jump."
independent sources, agree in the important particular that
the member of the Giffard family who met with the
accident " received no manner of hurt " from his fall This
fact was certainly calculated to impress itself upon the
mind, having regard to the former great height of the cliff,
which, however, even within my memory, has been so
greatly reduced in size by the action of the sea as to render
a fall therefrom unattended with fatal results scarcelj
remarkable. On the whole, therefore, I am inclined to
accept the family version of the story as substantially
correct, and to dismiss as inaccurate Polwhele's statement
with regard to the date of the accident, for it is probable
that Sir Hardinge, who was born in 1771, would have been
familiar with the circumstances attending the accident had
it occurred as late as 1740 or thereabouts. Moreover, eye-
witnesses would probably have been still alive when he
wrote his account in verse. Proceeding, therefore, on the
assumption that the family tradition is substantially ac-
curate, I propose to record a few facts concerning the two
persons who are alleged to have been the principal actors in
the scene at " Giffard's Jump," and to add a brief account
of the hero's family.
Giving precedence to the lady, I must first correct an
error, for which either the family tradition or Sir Hardinge
is responsible. Margaret Monk, who did undoubtedly
marry Thomas Giffard of Halsbury, was the sister and
not the daughter of Thomas Monk, who married the
daughter of Lord Arthur Plantagenet, and relict of John
Basset, Esq., of Umberleigh. The parents of Margaret
Monk were Anthony Monk, Esq., of Potheridge, and
Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Edward Wood, Esq-.
of London. These facts will be found recorded in Vivians
Visitations of the County of Devon. This Anthony Mon*
was then the head of the very ancient family of Monk of
Potheridge, near Great Torrington, which subsequently
produced the famous George Monk, Duke of Albemark
who was the great-grandson of Margaret Giffard's brother.
To conclude the history of the fair heroine of " Giffard s
Jump," I must add that exactly six months to the day after
8 George Monk was baptised at Landcross Church on 11th ^ewm^J?rf
and I think that his parents must have been either the tenanta or gwrtB oc
their relatives, the Giffards, at the old manor house of Landcross, W&1C**
believed to have occupied a site near the church, for just ten ye*ra m&
Monk's birth I find John Giffard of Halsbury enfeoffing his third fl*
Anthony, in the manor of Landcross. This John Giffard of HalW
was first cousin once removed to Sir Thomas Monk, George Monk's fotaer.
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"giffard's jump." 653
her first husband was buried Margaret Giffard was remarried
at Parkham Church on the 19th October, 1550, to William
Davyll (or Daviles), Esq., of Little Marland, a gentleman
of good family and a widower, by whom she left four
children. The place or date of her death I have been
unable to ascertain.
It remains for me to give some account of Thomas
Giffard, the hero of the story, and his family, to which
Polwhele correctly applies the term " ancient."
Thomas Giffard, the husband of Margaret Monk, was
twenty-two years of age and upwards on the 22nd February,
1528, when his father died. The parents of Thomas Giffard
were John Giffard, Esq., of Halsbury, and Joane, daughter
of John Sidenham, Esq., of Orchard, in the county of
Somerset. John Giffard was married three times, his second
wife being the daughter of George Speake (or Speke), Esq.,
who, I may mention, was of the same ancient Somersetshire
family as Mrs. Pine-Coffin, of Portledge, the present owner
of that portion of the coast where "Giffard's Jump" is
situate ; John Giffard's third wife was Ebete (or Ebote), the
daughter of Alexander Wood, Esq., of Ashridge, vin the
parish of North Tawton.
The marriage of Thomas Giffard and Margaret Monk
took place on the 28th October, 29 Hen. VIII., according
to the post-mortem Inquisition held on the death of the
former in 1550. Assuming, therefore, that the family
tradition is substantially true, it is possible to fix this as
the exact date when this remarkable accident occurred, for
it will be remembered that, according to the tradition, the
bridal party, after the wedding, repaired to the place —
probably the nearest point at which the sea could be
reached — which was afterwards to be known as " Giffard's
Jump." This part of the story is not at all improbable,
for it was no uncommon custom in former days, before the
advent of the modern honeymoon, to celebrate a wedding
by organising a party of pleasure of the nature of a picnic
after the ceremony had been performed. The tradition
receives further corroboration from the fact that " Giffard's
Jump" is only three and a half miles distant from Halsbury,
and is even nearer to Parkham Church, where the marriage
is supposed to have been solemnised. Unfortunately the
Parkham parish registers afford no assistance on this point,
as they commence the year after the wedding took place.
Apart from the personal attractions which Sir Hardinge
attributes, probably in the exercise of poetic licence, to
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654 "giffard's jump.*
Thomas Giffard, the latter enjoyed some very real advan-
tages in the possession of an immense estate and an ancient
pedigree. On the extent of the former light is thrown by
the post-mortem Inquisition already referred to, which shows
that at his death in 1550 Thomas Giffard was possessed of
about 20,000 acres of land in the county of Devon.
As this instrument is in itself not without interest, I
make no apology for adding an abstract of its contents.
The Inquisition on the death of Thomas Giffard was taken
on the 23rd July, 1550, and states that he held the manor
of Halsbury and 500 messuages, 10 mills, 7,000 acres of
arable land, 1,200 acres of meadow, 4,000 acres of pasture,
1,200 acres of wood, 2,200 acres of furze and heath, and
£20 of rent in Halsbury, Merhyll, Bolland, South Yeo,
Knowdyshill, alias Knewshill, Hier Bocombe, and Nether
Bocombe, Nethercott, Honyscliff, Dysworthy, [?Dyr-
worthy. — H. F. G.] and many other places named situated in
the parishes of Parkham, Woolfordsworthy, Wyke St
Pancras, Blacketorryngton, Est Putforde, Were Gyfforde,
Methe, etc., and on the 11th April last had enfeoffed in
them Thomas Monke, armiger, Robert Cary of Clovelly,
John Denys, Anthony Gyfforde, and Giles Eisdon to the fol-
lowing uses, viz. to himself for the term of his own life, and
after his decease one-third of the lands, etc., held by knight's
service to the use of his own right heirs " to the intent that
the lorde by Knight's service shall not be defrauded," and
out of the remaining two-thirds and the lands held in socage
to pay an annuity of 5 marks to his son Thomas Gyfforde,
and a fourth of the lands and tenements in Hier Bocombe,
Lower Bocombe, Nethercote, and Honyscliff to the use of
his son Thomas Gyffeard for the term of his life.
Margaret Gyfforde, his wife, to receive the yearly
revenues of the rest of the property for a term of nineteen
years, during which the feoffees shall allow for his
daughters Wylmot, Dorothye, Jane, Margaret, and Katharyn
40«. each yearly for their maintenance, and 500 marks on
the marriage of each of them, provided they marry with
the consent of their mother, or, if she should die, with
the consent of the feoffees, or any two of them, and with
the benefit of survivorship if any of the daughters should die.
[Here follow other uses of no interest. — H. F. G.]
Thomas Giffard held also, besides the above great estate
of 15,600 acres, the manor of Yeresborough [now Irish-
borough or Earnsborough. — H. F. G.] and lands in Chittel-
hampton, Goodleigh, Bediford [sic], Luddecott, Honeycott,
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"giffakd's jump." 655
Askeridge, Northam, and Hatherleigh, and on the 28th
October, 29 Hen. VIII. (1537), on the marriage between
him and Margaret Monke, the daughter of Anthony Monke,
armiger, he had conveyed to the said Margaret the manor
of Yerisborough and the other lands and tenements above
specified for the term of her life, with remainder to himself,
the said Thomas Gyfforde and his heirs. And long before
the death of the said Thomas, one Fulk Prideaux, armiger,
now deceased, was seized of 20 messuages, 26 gardens,
2,000 acres of land, 700 acres of pasture, 100 acres of
meadow, 40 acres of wood, 1,000 acres of furze and heath,
and £3 6$. 8rf. of rent in West Clyfford, Est Clyfford, Trew,
Notcot, Gowen [? Gorwen. — H .F. G.], Chepyngtoriton, Comb,
Tadyport, Bocombe, Westcott, Orchard in Bucklondbruer,
Topsham, near Exeter, Askerygge, Myll in Nyniet St.
George, Hatherleigh, and other places named, and had
conveyed them to John Gyfforde, Armiger, deceased, the father
of the said Thomas Gyfforde, and to the heirs of the body of
the said John, whose son and nearest heir of his body was
Thomas Gyfforde, lately deceased, and John Gyfforde being
so seized, had enfeoffed in them on the 4th December,
19 Hen. VIII. (1528), Thomas Tremayne, Armiger, and
four others named, for the use of the said John Gyfforde
for his life, and after the decease of the said John, to the
use of Ebote, wife of the said John Gyfforde, for the term
of her life, in the name of dower and jointure, and for the
use of the male heirs of the bodies of the said John and
Ebote, and with divers remainders over, and finally to
the use of the right heirs of one Thomas Gyfforde, Armiger,
deceased, whose kinsman and nearest heir was the said
Thomas Gyfforde, namely, son and heir of the said John
Gyfforde, son and heir of the said Thomas Gyfforde.
Halsbury, with the lands and tenements in Morthem
[? Morthoe.— H. F. G/|, Merhyll, South Yeo, Knowedyshill,
and Boscombe, were held of Thomas Pomerey, Knight, as
of his manor of Parkham in free socage.
Nethercote and Honysclyffe were held of John Fulford,
Armiger.
Barnehouse, Ford Mille, Eoueland, Aysshman, Dys-
worthy [? Dyrworthy. — H. F. G.], and some other tenements
specified were held of the Lady Honora Lysle as of her
manor of Umberleigh.
The lands and tenements in Ferme, Southcot, and Were
Giffard were held of Bartholomew Fortescue, Armiger, as
of his manor of Were Giffard.
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656 "giffard's jump."
Thomas Gyfforde died 19th April 4 Ed. VI. (1550), and
John Gyfforde, his son, was his nearest heir, and was two
years of age on the 5th November last.8
Of the important family of which Thomas Giffard was
then the head some account may, not improperly, be added.
The great Anglo-Norman House of Giffard is to be traced
to the Conquest period, and to the student of history the
figure of Walter, surnamed, or rather nicknamed, " Gifard," 4
is familiar. Prior to the Conquest the " hero of Arques and
Morthemer," as Freeman calls him, was a distinguished
soldier, and also one of William's most trusted counsellors ;
and at the Conquest of England he played a conspicuous part,
contributing a hundred knights and thirty ships to the
expedition. For the details of this distinguished warrior's
career, including his deeds during the great battle, I must
8 Chancery Inq. p.m., 4 J£d VI., vol 90, No. 35.
4 The name "Gifard," as it is swelled when first met with and through-
out the pages of Domesday, is undoubtedly a nickname or name of epithet
— a form of surname older than that derived from territorial connection.
Venerable tradition, which has been accepted by all the oldest and, I think,
the best antiquaries, has ascribed to this name the meaning "liberal" or
" bountiful," and although this theory has been questioned by some modern
authorities, I have discovered no argument which appears to me to render
the older view untenable or even improbable. The name was certainly of
Norman origin, and he who first bore it was the son, by a Danish wife, of a
great Norman noble, who must have been living when the Norse language
still lingered in Normandy, and who was closely connected by marriage with
the Ducal House. Moreover, the name itself primd facie suggests a derivation
from the root *' Gif " of the Norse word Gif'an, •' to give," and the termination
"ard," which is so frequently found in all branches of the great Teutonic
race, as a termination signifying " towardness " or " disposition." Examples
of this attributive meaning are to be found in some old English words, as
drunkard, haggard, sluggard, wizard, etc. The only fact which, in my
opinion, at first sight appears to militate against the older theory as to the
origin and meaning of the name Giffard is the soft pronunciation of the
letter "G," which has undoubtedly been preserved for centuries in the two
great surviving branches of the family, the Devonshire and Staffordshire
Giffards, and in the names of some places, as the village of Weare-Giffard
in this immediate neighbourhood clearly testifies ; but even this objection
is scarcely important having regard to the inexplicable eccentricities which
have attended the pronunciation of family names.
I cannot conclude this note without correcting a vulgar error. Though this
name has been spelled in considerably more than one hundred different ways,
the most common of which are Giffard, Gyffard, Giffarde, Gyffarde, Gifford,
Gyfford, Gifforde, and Gyfforde, the original and correct form of spelling the
second half of the name Giffard was ard, not ord ; and prior to the days of
printing I have never met with the name spelled with an o, though after the
printing-press had succeeded the educated monk as the chronicler of events,
the spelling of names became so loose that this as well as numerous other
patronymics were corrupted into many strange forms. An example of the
way in which the name Giffard was corrupted by uneducated persons is
to be found on one page of the Parkham Parish Registers, where the name,
in entries relating to the Giffards of Halsbury, is spelled in six different
ways.
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"giffard's jump." 657
refer the reader to the old chroniclers contemporary with,
and subsequent to the Conquest, to the other evidences
still existing, and to modern writers, who, like the late
Professor Freeman, have made this period their special
study and have collected information from many sources
throwing light thereon. Suffice it here to say that Walter
Giffard, the first who bore that name, was the son of
Osbern de Bolebec,6 a noble Norman, and Avelina, who was
daughter of Tros the Dane,6 and sister to Gunnor Duchess
of Normandy. Through this marriage Walter 'Giffard was
a near blood relation to not only William the Conqueror,
but also King Edward the Confessor, and through his
daughter Bohaise Giffard, who married Richard FitzGilbert,
was the ancestor of Eobert Bruce, the Eoyal House of
Scotland, and the present Eoyal House of England. As
reward for his important services, he received from the
hands of his great kinsman William an immense estate
in the land which he had helped to conquer, and became,
in the words of Planch^,7 "the progenitor of a race from
which the noblest families in England may be proud to
trace their descent." It is certainly a fact that there are
few families of which the members have risen to so many
high offices in the State, or have been distinguished in so
many spheres of life. Walter Giffard, the patriarch of the
race [or his son, Walter, for this question has not yet been
satisfactorily settled], was created Earl of Buckingham when
earldoms were few and hardly won. His son, Walter Giffard
(who certainly was Earl of Buckingham), was one of the Com-
missioners appointed for the compilation of Domesday Book.
William Giffard, the brother8 of the Walter Giffard last
mentioned, was Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor under
the first three Norman Kings of England. Eichard Giffard
was a Justiciary appointed under the Constitutions of
Clarendon in the reign of Henry II. Godfrey Giffard was
Bishop of Worcester and Chancellor to Henry III. Walter
Giffard, brother of Godfrey, was Archbishop of York and
Chancellor to the same king. Sir Hugh Giffard was
Constable of the Tower of London and guardian to the
King's children. Sir Alexander Giffard was specially dis-
tinguished in the Crusade of 1249. John Giffard, of the
• As pointed out in The Ancestor, No. 3, p. 224, the name Osbern clearly
testifies to the Norse origin of the stock.
0 Vincent MSS., College of Arms.
7 The Conqueror and his Companions.
8 See Round's Feudal England, p. 469.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 T
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658 "giffabd's jump."
Brimsfield line, played a distinguished part in the Welsh
wars of Edward I., and to his generalship must probably
be attributed the final overthrow of Llewellyn, Prince of
Wales.9 William Giffard, an eminent English Jesuit, rose
to the position of Archbishop of Bheims and Duke and Peer
of France in 1622. The Giffards of Chillington and White-
ladies played a conspicuous part in the preservation of
Charles II. after the battle of Worcester. A member of
the same house, Dr. Bonaventure Giffard, was the first
Vicar Apostolic of England, and is famous for the pane-
gyric upon him in the pages of Macaulay. The Giffards of
Devonshire — and, among these, principally, Colonel John
Giffard of Brightleigh — were distinguished for their great
services and unswerving loyalty to King Charles I. Robert
Gifford of Exeter1 rose to the position of Chief Justice
of the Common Pleas in 1824, and was elevated to the rank
of a Baron in the same year; and at the present day a
Giffard, lineally descended from the Giffards of Halsbury
and Brightleigh, has been raised to the rank of an Earl,
and has held the post of Lord High Chancellor of Great
Britain under two Sovereigns and during five Adminis-
trations.
Keverting to the early history of the Giffards, I find
three very important members of the family mentioned
in Domesday Book, who were the founders of three great
baronial houses in England : —
1. Walter Giffard, second of that name, and Earl of
Buckingham.2
This Walter Giffard is stated by Guy of Amiens to have
been one of the four knights who slew Harold in the final
conflict at the Standard of the Fighting Man at Hastings.
" Quartus Giffardus patris a cognomine dictus."
2. Osbern Giffard, Baron of Brimsfield, who, as we learn
from a suit of 5 Hen. III. on the Gloucestershire Assize
Boll, " venit ad conquestum Anglie."
According to the Vincent MSS., College of Arms, Osbern
• See The Welsh Wars of King Edward I. by J. E. Morris.
1 I am not aware that the descent of Lord Gifford has been established from
any one of the well-known branches of the family, but it is not improbable
that he may spring from a younger branch of the Giffards of Halsbury and
Brightleigh.
3 The fact that on the death of the third Walter Giffard and last Earl of
Bucks that dignity was claimed by Richard de Clare by descent from Rohaiw
Giffard, sister of the second Walter Giffard, supports the view that the Jlrst
Walter Giffard was created Earl of Bucks.
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"GIFFARD'S JUMP." 659
was son of Hugh Giffard, Lord of Beuffe, who was brother
to Walter Giffard the second, and there is evidence that
a Hugh Giffard took part in the Conquest of England.8
3. Berenger Giffard, Baron of Fonthill Giffard, in Wilts.
The exact connection between these three baronial
houses has not yet been ascertained, but that they were
very nearly related to one another there can be no doubt,
having regard to the following facts. Helias Giffard (of
Brimsfield) is the first witness to the grant of Walter
Giffard, Earl of Buckingham, to St. Fides of Longueville,
and he held two knights' fees under the same earl. Gerard
Giffard, the Baron of Fonthill, held a knight's fee under
Helias Giffard, Baron of Brimsfield, in 1166, and both these
houses obtained large feoffments of land from William
Giffard, Bishop of Winchester, who, it is knovm, was the
brother of Walter Giffard, Earl of Buckingham.
The first of the. three great baronial houses above
mentioned became extinct in the male line on the death,
in or about 1162, of Walter Giffard, third of that name and
last Earl of Buckingham. Like his father4 and grandfather,
he was distinguished as a soldier, and was present at the
battle of Brenneville in 1119. In certain proceedings6 taken
by John le Mareschal in Edward I/s reign against the Abbot
of St. Mary of York, this Walter Giffard is referred to as
having been Marshal of England. (There is some evidence
in these proceedings to show that Walter Giffard left a son,
William, who died shortly after his father, and before his
investiture as an earl. The father is believed to have been
buried at Notley Abbey, in Bucks, which he and his wife
Ermengarde founded. On his son's death his vast estates
passed to the Marshals and Clares.)
With regard to the second great house of Giffard, the
Barons of Brimsfield, I may mention that the last Baron of
Brimsfield was John Giffard, who, having joined the insurgent
barons against Edward II., was executed as a traitor in 1322.
After reversal of the attainder in 1327, various suits arose
to determine the nearest of kin.6
The third great house of Giffard, the Barons of Fonthill,
1 8ee John Foxe's Battel Roll.
4 On the monument erected at Longueville, in Normandy, to Walter
Giffard. Earl of Bucks, who died 1102, this nobleman was described as
" Dux virtvie potens ac pietate nitens " (see Duodale's Baronage).
» Coram Rege, Mich., 4, 5, Ed. I. m. 49.
8 Dugdalb 8 Baronage and Staffordshire Collections, vol. xiv. p. 5. It is
not impossible that this barony may some day be revived in the heirs {female)
of the family. See Burke's Extinct and Dormant Peerages.
2 T 2
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660 "giffabd's jump."
continued of baronial rank until the death of one Andrew
Giffard in 1220, when (or possibly on the death of Robert
Giffard, Andrew's elder brother, Andrew being an ecclesiastic)
the barony became extinguished.
I may now, perhaps, mention the various knightly houses
which sprang from younger branches of the Brimsfield and
Fonthill Giffards, but, with the exception of the Devonshire
Giffards, I cannot now give more than their names. The
list is as follows : —
Giffard of Weare-Giffard.
„ Awliscombe and Clovelly.
„ Clifford and Yeo Vale.
„ Halsbury.
„ Brightleigh.
„ Tiverton.
„ Thewborough.
„ Landcroee.
„ Lannowmure.
„ Forkiston.
„ Tiringham.
„ Holland.
„ Bukenton [1 Bicton or Bickington,
near Ashburton. — H. F. G.]
„ Egg Buckland.
„ Bowers.
„ Weston-sub-Edge.
„ Croome.
„ Hadley and Clopton.
„ East Ginge.
„ BurstalL
Twyford.
„ St. James.
„ Middle Claydon.
„ Cotterstock.
„ Great Sandford.
„ Whaddon.
„ Hooton Paynel.
,, Chillington.
„ Whiteladies.
„ Blackladies and Water Eaton.
When Leland wrote these numerous houses had been
reduced to four principal families and their branches, viz.
the Giffards of Devonshire, the Giffards of Staffordshire, the
Giffards of Buckinghamshire, and the Giffards of Hamp-
shire. The two families last mentioned are believed to be
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"giffard's jump." 661
extinct,7 and the male representation of the ancient house of
Giffard appears to be at present divided between the two
great branches, the Devonshire and Staffordshire Giffards.
Before speaking of the Devonshire Giffards, let me say
a few brief words concerning the Giffards of Chillington
in Staffordshire, a family which has resided at Chillington
for more than seven hundred years, during which period
it has produced many distinguished men. A most able and
learned account of this ancient family has been contributed
this year to the William Salt Society by that well-known
genealogist General Wrottesley,8 to whom I gladly take this
opportunity of publicly rendering my very sincere thanks
for the invaluable assistance which he has given me in
respect to other members of the Giffard family, including
the Devonshire branch. In his most interesting history
of the Chillington Giffards, General Wrottesley has practi-
cally established the fact that this family is descended from
the Giffards of Fonthill Giffard in Wilts, the founder of
which branch was Berenger Giffard, one of the three im-
portant members of the Giffard family who are mentioned in
Domesday Book, and to whom I have already referred. For
an account of the Chillington Giffards I must refer the
reader to General Wrottesley's history.
Of the numerous knightly families of Giffard mentioned
above as descending from two of the three great baronial
houses of this name, the Giffards of Weare Giffard were
the most important, and as they. were the ancestors of
those branches which, with themselves, I include in the
term "Devonshire Giffards,"9 I propose to devote a few
words to their history.
7 A family of good position, the Giffords of Ballysop in co. Wexford,
lately claimed to represent the Hampshire Giffards— not, I believe, without
some grounds — but I have never had their proofs before me. In any case
it is clear that they have retained the inaccurate spelling of their name.
8 The Giffards, by Maj.-Gen. the Hon. George Wrottesley. From this
valuable work I have made so many verbatim extracts that I can only make
a general acknowledgment of my indebtedness.
• In addition to the Giffards of Weare Giffard and their several known
branches, there were three other families of Giffard connected with the
county of Devon.
1. The Giffards of Bukenton [Bicton or Bickington, near Ashburton, I
have not ascertained which]. These were probably a branch of the Weare
Giffard family, but as I have been unable to satisfy myself on this point I
have not included them as such.
2. The Giffards of Egg Buckland, Compton Giffard, and Hoo. These were
identical with the Giffards of Stanlake, co. Oxford, and were a branch of the
Giffards of Brimsfield (Pipe Roll, Gloucestershire, 8 Hen. III. ; Close Boll,
13 Hen. III.; Close Boll, 14 Hen. III.; Pipe Roll, Bucks, 19 Hen. II.;
and Pipe Roll, Southants, 8 Hen. III.).
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662 "giffabd's jump.'
GIFFARD OF WEAKB GIFFAED, ETC.
At the date of Domesday one Ruald Ado bed1 held in
demesne and in capite the four following manors, with
other possessions: Were, Aveton, Lamerton, and Whit-
church.
In the Inquisition post-mortem held in 4 Ed. L on
Emma Giffard,2 the daughter and heiress of Sir Walter
Giffard of Weare [or Were] Giffard, these same four manors
were described as being held in demesne by the Giffards of
the Earl of Devon. In addition to these, the manor of
Clovelly was held at this time by the Giffards, also in
demesne, of the Honour of Gloucester, and besides these
five manors the Giffards also held, as mesne lords, other
manors which had been subinf euded. In all they owed the
service of fifteen knights' fees — a very large fief.
From these facts it appears that Buald Adobed's four
manors — Weare Giffard, Aveton Giffard,8 Whitchurch, and
Lamerton — must have passed to an ancestor of Emma
Giffard, but it is noteworthy that they were held by the
Giffard family not direct from the Grown, as at the date of
Domesday, but of the Earls of Devon. It also appears that
the Giffards held certain estates (including the manor of
Clovelly) which had come to them from other sources.
It becomes, therefore, interesting to consider what evi-
dence there is to show —
(1) From which of the baronial houses of Giffard the
first Giffard of Weare Giffard sprang.
(2) When and how the first Giffard of Weare Giffard
acquired the Adobed fief.
(3) When and how the Giffards of Weare Giffard acquired
the manor of Clovelly.
8. The Giffards of Aocott These were the same family as the Giffards of
Twyford, Backs.
For particulars of these, see General Wbotteslby's Giffards, but note that
Osbert of Egg Buckland was not King John's natural son.
1 The Rev. 0. J Reichel thinks "Adobed " means "The dubbed knight"
9 Ina. p.m. on Emma Giffard, 4 Ed. I. See also Devon Hundred Roll of
8 Ed. I., where it is stated that she had gallows at Aveton Giffard and
Ructon.
s The addition " Giffard " was of course made to the names of both these
places in consequence of their connection with the Giffard family. In all the
early references this name was spelled Giffard, not Gifford, which is a cor-
ruption of comparatively recent date. It is to be regretted that this vulgar
error is still uncorrected as regards "Aveton Gifford, ' ' the council of which
parish might do well to imitate the excellent example set them by the
parishioners of Weare Giffard.
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"gipfard's jump." 663
The answers to these questions, so far as they can be
answered, would appear to be as follows : —
(1) In the Dering Eoll of Arms, which is an authentic and
trustworthy armorial of the time of Henry III.,4 the arms of
a certain Walter Giffard are given as " Azure, three lions
passant in pale argent, crowned or." These arms are
undoubtedly a variant of the arms of the great Brimsfield
barons, which were "Gules, three lions passant in pale,
argent."
In early times younger branches frequently "differ-
enced" their arms from those of the head of the house
by change of tincture, coupled sometimes with some slight
addition to or variation of the original arms, such as the
" crowns or " in the case under consideration.
There can be no question, therefore, that the Walter
Giffard of the Dering Eoll was a cadet of the Giffards of
Brimsfield, and / believe that he was identical with Sir
Walter Giffard of Weare Giffard.6
My reason for forming this opinion is based on the
important fact that no Walter Giffard has yet been dis-
covered in any of the other branches of the Giffard family
who could possibly have been identical with the Walter
Giffard of the Dering BolL The Walter Giffard of the
Koll must have been a person of considerable importance,
and therefore, even if a Walter Giffard other than Sir
4 See Wrottesley,8 Giffards, p. 203.
• The fact that the branches of the " Devonshire Giffards," who were
undoubtedly descended from the Giffards of Weare Giffard, and about whom
I shall have some remarks to offer later, bore for arms a coat quite different
from that of Walter Giffard on the Dering Roll, does not in the least degree
militate against the probability that the Walter Giffard last mentioned was
identical with Sir Walter Giffard of Weare Giffard. Before the laws of
heraldry became fixed a son did not necessarily bear his father's arms, and it
was a common practice in early times for a member of a family which had used
one coat-of-arms for some generations to adopt the arms, or some modification
of them, of his wife, if sne were an heiress or of some great house under
which he held his lands. A good example of this practice is to be found in
the adoption of the "de GormeHles" arms by the Giffards of Weston-sub-
Edge. In this connection I may take the opportunity of pointing out that
the well-known coat-of-arms, viz. "Sable, 3 lozenges conjoined in fesse,
ermine," of the several branches of the Devonshire Giffards, all of whom
descended from, and most of whom survived, the parent stock, viz. the
Giffards of Weare Giffard, was in all probability adopted by Baldwin Giffard,
a younger son of Weare Giffard (or his son, Sir Roger Giffard, of Clovelly),
and derived from the arms of the great baronial family of Dinham or Cardin-
ham, under whom Baldwin held some of his lands, and to whom it is probable
that he was related. The fact that Sir William Pole attributed this coat to
the Giffards of Weare Giffard was probably the result of his knowledge that
the surviving branches of the Devonshire Giffards did in fact descend from
that family.
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664
Walter Gif&rd of Weare Giffard were discovered, it would
be necessary to show, in order to discredit my theory, that
he was of a status sufficiently important to justify his name
and arms being recorded on the Dering EolL This qualifica-
tion Sir Walter Giffard undoubtedly possessed, inasmuch as
he owned a very large estate in Devon, and, if he were a
Crusader, as the cross-legged effigy in Weare Giffard Church
would indicate • it is very probable that his name and arms
would appear in one of the Rolls of Arms. For these reasons
I find it difficult to resist the conclusion that Sir Walter
Giffard of Weare Giffard was identical with the Walter
Giffard of the Dering Eoll, and, therefore, descended from
a cadet of the Giffards, Barons of Brimsfield.
(2) I have pointed out that the four manors — Weare
[Giffard], Aveton [Giffard], Whitchurch, and Lamerton —
which at Domesday were held by Ruald Adobed, must have
passed to an ancestor of Sir Walter Giffard, whose daughter
and heiress Emma died 4 Ed. I. seized of this fief. Fortun-
ately there are evidences which help me to trace the tenure
of these manors, working back from Sir Walter Giffard, who
held them about 1241 (and later), as appears from the list
of his fees contained in the Testa de NevUl.
A very early undated Assize Eoll (No. 180), which is
believed to be of 3 Hen. III., proves that the father of
Sir Walter Giffard of Weare Giffard was another Walter
Giffard of Weare Giffard. At the date when the suit re-
corded on the Assize Roll (3 Hen. III.) was brought, the
defendant (the younger Walter) was probably a minor,
because among the fines of 8-9 Hen. III., William Buzun
pays 30 marks for the custody of the lands of Walter
Giffard of Whitchurch, Lamerton, and Weare Giffard.7
The next step in this pedigree, still working back, is
proved from the Devon Assize Roll of 36 Hen. III. (No.
178) from which it appears that the grandfather of Sir
Walter Giffard was one William Giffard of Weare Giffard,
and that Sir Walter was William Giffard's heir. This state-
6 The cross-legged figure in Weare Giffard Church is of the time of Henry
III. or Edward I?, and there can be little doubt that it represents Sir Walter
Giffard, as the effigy represents a Crusader, and Sir Walter Giffard was living
in 1267-8.
7 William Buzun was probably a relation or connection of Sir Walter
Giffard, for on the Devon Assize Roll of 23 Hen. III. (No. 176), Alice, the
wife of Walter Giffard, Joan, the wife of Robert Buzun, and Rosamund,
sister of Joan, instituted proceedings in respect of land of which Alice dc St
George, mother of Alice, Joan, and Rosamund, had been seized when she
died. Sir Walter's wife, therefore, was Alice de St. George, and his brother-
in-law was Robert Buzun.
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"giffard's jump." 665
ment is confirmed by the information afforded at the Devon
Assizes of 22 Hen. III. \m. 17, dorso), from which it is again
shown that Sir Walter Giffard was grandson and heir of
William Giffard.8
At the Assizes last mentioned (22 Hen. III., No. 174)
Matilda, late wife of Robert Fitz Eustace sued Sir Walter
Giffard for lands and rents in Alfemeston9 (which had been
one of Euald Adobed's fees). This suit identifies Sir Walter
Giffard as being the representative of an earlier Walter
Giffard of Weare Giffard [before Sir Walter's grandfather
William], for an Inspeximus of Henry II. in favour of the
Canons of Plympton has the following : —
"Ex dono Comitis Ricardi servitium de Alfemestona concessu
Walteri Giffard et Eustachii, salvo servitio ejusdem Comitis per
denario8.,,
Thus yet another stage is reached in the pedigree, and the
Inspeximus already quoted contains other information which
carries the pedigree one step farther back again. The
extract is : —
" Et terram de Avetona [i.e. Aveton Giffard, which was held by
the Giffards of Weare Giffard], quam Walterus Giffard et mater
ejus eis dederunt, cum quatuor hominibus et Langestana et
Wudemanswell cum bosco et Rughadona."
This extract not only corroborates my previous state-
ment, based on the Assize Roll last mentioned and the In-
speximus, that Sir Walter Giffard was representative of an
earlier Walter Giffard of Weare Giffard, living prior to the
time of Sir Walter's grandfather, William Giffard,1 but it
also carries the pedigree back to the mother of this earlier
Walter Giffard, and, moreover, by mentioning the fact that
she was a co-grantor with her son of the lands in Aveton
[Giffard], it enables me to assume with considerable con-
fidence that it was she who brought the Adobed fee to
her husband in marriage. In other words, it appears
to have been Sir Walter Giffard's great-great-grandfather
(or ancestor of that generation) who (probably by marriage)
acquired the estate which Ruald Adobed held in 1086. The
8 Sir William Pole states that the Weare Giffard fief belonged in Henry
II. 'a reign to one Robert Giffard. It is possible, therefore, that Robert was
an elder son of William Giffard and died s.p.
• Probably • • Yealmstone " in Plympton. — Rev. 0. J. Reichel.
1 This William Giffard must, I think, be identical with the William
Giffard who was first witness to a grant to Tavistock Abbey, 1174-88. See
New Monasticon under " Tavistock,"
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
666 "giffabd's jump."
pedigree of the Gif&rds of Weare Giffard is thus carried
back certainly to the reign of Stephen, and probably to that
of Henry I.2 Some additional light appears to be thrown
on the devolution of the Adobed fief by the following facts
to which the Rev. 0. J. Eeichel has kindly drawn my
attention : —
(a) Kuald Adobed "entered religion," as appears from
Oliver's Monast. Exon.t p. 119, where it is recorded that
"Baialandus Ladubed" [i.e. Bualandus Adobed] granted a
portion of the Adobed fief on the day on which he became a
monk.
(b) Prior to the reign of Hen. IL Roger, son of Stephen
de Mandeville, granted the advowson of Aveton [Giffard]
to Plymton Priory (Oliver's Monad. Exon.y p. 135).
From these facts it would appear [unless there was a
double manor in Aveton, one being held by Giffards and
the other by Mandevilles] that when Ruald Adobed
" entered religion " his fief, or part of it, passed by escheat
and re-grant, or by marriage, to the family of Mandeville,
for the grant of the advowson of Aveton by Roger de
Mandeville seems to indicate that the Adobed fief must
have been held by the Mandevilles prior to its acquisition
by the Giffards, and therefore I am led to the conclu-
sion that the latter family obtained this fief — probably in
Hen. I.'s reign — by marriage with a Mandeville heiress*
(3) Clovelly, the remaining principal manor held in
demesne by the Giffards of Weare Giffard, was in the hands
of the King at the date of Domesday, and was held by the
Giffards of Weare Giffard of the Honour of Gloucester,
which was the Barony of the De Clares, Earls of Strigul
and Gloucester. As the Giffards of Weare Giffard must
have been related to the Earls of Gloucester by the mar-
riage of Rohaise Giffard, daughter of Walter Giffard, the
patriarch of the race, with Richard Fitz-Gilbert, the ancestor
of the great house of Clare, it is possible that the Giffards'
connection with Clovelly is to be referred to this fact, but
more than this I am unable to say on this point without
further information.
As I shall show shortly, the manor of Clovelly had been
subinfeuded at the date of Testa de Nevill (about 1241),
3 The grants by Walter Giffard and his mother referred to in the
Inspeximu8 of Henry II. were of the date of Henry I. or Stephen, and it is
scarcely too much to assume that the father of Walter flourished in the
former king's reign. This would make the epoch of the first Giffard of
Weare Giffard about fifty years after Domesday, or possibly less.
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"giffard's jump." 667
and was then held by Sir Roger Giffard as subtenant of Sir
Walter Giffard of Weare Giffard. This clearly shows that a
younger son of the Weare Giffard family (probably Baldwin
Giffard, the father of Sir Roger Giffard) had been enfeoffed
by the head of the house in the manor of Clovelly.
Upon the death (4 Ed. I.) of Sir Walter Giffard's 'daughter
Emma, who had married Sir Hugh de Widworthy, her
daughter, Emma de Widworthy, was sixteen years old.
The last-named Emma married Sir Robert de Dynham, and
died s.p., when the representation in the female line of the
Giffards of Weare Giffard passed to the families of Prowse
and Trewin.3 The large fief of the Giffards of Weare Giffard
was thus split up — Weare Giffard, Lamerton, and Whitchurch
passing to the Trewins, and Aveton Giffard apparently to
the Prowses. The Trewins4 took the name of Weare from
their dwelling, and from them the property passed by
successive marriages to the Fortescues, who still own it.
Of the five principal manors held by the Giffards of
Weare Giffard in demesne, those of Weare Giffard and
Clovelly alone are now maintained as residential seats, and
all who live in the neighbourhood of Bideford must be
familiar with both of these beautiful estates, which were for
many years associated with the race of Giffard.
GIFFARD OF CLOVELLY AND AWLISCOMBE.
The Testa de Nevill, in a list of knights' fees of circa
1241, shows that one Sir Roger Giffard held at that date,
in the county of Devon, the following fees : —
" 1. Clovelly, 1 K.F., held of the Honour of Gloucester.
3.' ^enibury, 1 S } °f the HonoUr °f 0kehamPton-
4. Rockbeare (Rokebery), £ K.F. (subinfeuded), of the same
Honour.
5. Awliscombe, \ K.F., of the Honour of Bery Pomeroy.
* Sir W. Pole.
4 It will be noticed that the name of Weare Giffard parish was in Domes-
day Book simply Were, After the connection with the Giffard family it
became for a short time Were Giffard and then Weare Giffard. The last
form of spelling continued for very many years, and this spelling of the first
half of this name was adopted by the Trewin family when they called them-
selves Weare and took the "canting" motto, "Sumus," i.e. "We are"
(see Cussaks' Heraldry, p. 199). A mnch later and comparatively recent
form of spelling the name of this parish, which was wholly inaccurate as
regards both halves of the name, was " Wear Gift'ord." This, I am glad to
say, has been lately rejected at the instance of the parishioners, and the old
and correct form, Weare Giffard, restored in its place.
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668 "GIFFABD'S JUMP."
6. Hele, 1 KF., held with Wm Lamprey and Thoe. de
Aureford of the Honour of Ply mp ton.
7. Awliscomhe, J K.F., of the Honour of Totenays [Earl of
Cornwall].
8. Milford | I of the Honour of Toriton, held
Hole V 2 KF.'s 4 jointly with the Prior of Frith-
Herdewyk J \ elstock and Reginald BeaufaL
9. Codeleigh (Goodleigh), held jointly with the Prioress of
Cantinton and William Dabernon, of the Honour of
Plympton."
Of the above large estate the last five manors were part
of the Briewere fief, while CloveUy and the first-named
Awliscombe were held by Sir Roger Giffard, as is proved by
Kirby's Quest and the "Aids" of the Giffards of Weave
Giffard.
The fact last mentioned enables me to safely assume
that Sir Roger Giffard was a younger branch of the
Giffards of Weare Giffard, and inasmuch as the Devon
Assize Roll (No. 178, m. 24) of 50 Hen. III. proves that Sir
Roger was the son of Baldwin Giffard, it would appear to
be the fact that Baldwin was a younger son of the Weare
Giffard family [not improbably a son of William Giffard
of Weare Giffard by a second marriage] who had been
enfeoffed in the manor of Clovelly by his father, and
obtained through his mother the Briewere manors. I am
confirmed in this view by the Oblata Roll of 1 John
(printed) under " Devon," where I find Baldwin Giffard and
John de Abernon described as owing 40 marks for a writ of
Mordancestor respecting a moiety of Linton,6 and the vill
of Forston which they claimed against William Briewere.
A further reference to Baldwin Giffard is found on the
Chancellor's Roll of 3 John under " Devon," where he and
John de Abernon, the heirs of Henry de Seccheville are
returned as owing 40 marks for a writ of right*
6 There can be, I think, little doubt that Linton is identical with a
property now known as " Chantry/' close to Aveton Giffard. If I am right
m this, it would appear to be probable that Baldwin's mother was a Dinham
or Cardinham, as part of Linton was apparently owued by an important
branch of the Cardinham family, living close to Aveton Giffard (see Preb,
Hinokston-Eandolph's Epis. Reg., Bp. Quivil, p. 313, 4<Lyn tone") and from
the Assize Roll quoted above (50 Hen. ill.), it appears that Oliver de Dinham
enfeoffed Baldwin in lands in West Clifford. Moreover, from the Oblata Roll
it would appear that Baldwin's right was derived from his mother, •* Marie
matri ejus. If Baldwin's mother was a Cardinham, it is probable that he
adopted a modification of her family arms (see note on page 663).
6 I think this Baldwin must be identical with M Baldewin Giffard,"
" vicecomes Insula Lundi.'* (See Chanter's Lundy Island.)
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" GIFFARD'S JUMP." • 669
The manor of Clovelly and the seigniory of the Awlis-
combe fee passed to Matthew [or Mayner] Giffard,7 who was
under age at the date of the Devon Hundred Eoll (printed)
of 3 Ed. I., but it would appear that he was of age in
1281-2, for in that year he was suing Margery de Nonaunt
to take his homage and a reasonable relief for the freehold
he held of her in Peyhember, Schagh, Eogbiri, Come, and
Tyrel [Assize Eoll No. 183, m. 16, dorso].
The Book of Aids, under "Devon," of 1284-6 gives the
following account of Matthew Giffard's fees : —
11 1. Trill, held by John de Trill of Matthew Giffard, who held
it of Hugh de Courtenay.
2. Mete and Stockheye, held by Matthew Giffard of Alan
fitz Roald, and Alan holds it of Hugh de Courtenay.
3. Cobbeton, held by Peter Spudding of Matthew Giffard,
who holds it of the Earl of Cornwall.8
4. Houlescombe (Awliscombe), J of a K.F. held by Matthew
Giffard of the heirs of Richard Tremenet, who holds it
of William Spek, who holds it of the Earl of Cornwall.
5. Houlescombe, | K.F., held by Matthew Giffard of the
heirs of Henry de Pomeray of Beri.
6. Clovelly, held by Matthew Giffard of Robert de Dinham,
who held it of the Earl of Gloucester."
Matthew Giffard occurs frequently on the Rolls. In 1294
he was summoned in co. Devon for military services against
the Welsh [Parliamentary Writs].
In 1297 he was summoned to the Military Council held
at Rochester [Parliamentary Writs], and in the same year
was summoned for service in Flanders.
In 1298 he was summoned for military service in
Scotland [Parliamentary Writs].
With this Matthew may be said to terminate the Giffards
7 Matthew must have been grandson of Sir Roger, for Matthew was under
age in 1275, and Philip, son of Sir Roger (but not the eldest son), was of full
age in 1239. I have not ascertained the name of Matthew's father, but I
think it not improbable that it was Bartholomew, for he was Sir Roger's son
and heir (see Pea. Fin. 52 Hen. III. Dev. No. 600). It is noteworthy, how-
ever, that, according to Sir William Pole, a William Giffard, about 1241,
held Aveton Giffard and " Huge Mewy," and in Testa de Nevill, p. 200, Will
de la Briwere' and Will Giffard held one fee in Bampton [Baunton] ; and on
the Curia Regis Roll of 9 Rich. I., William Briwere was suing Jordan de
Aubernon, Baldwin Giffard, and Marjory de Belland for a knight's fee in
Devon, the name of which is illegible.
8 The Briewere fees were held originally of the Earl of Cornwall, and
that honour, together with that of Lancaster, had been granted by Henry III.
to his younger son, Edmond, Earl of Cornwall. In this way the Giffards are
afterwards found to hold under the Duchy of Lancaster.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
670 "giffard's jump."
of Clovelly and Awliscombe, though, as I shall point out,
Walter Giffard and Bartholomew Giffard, two of the sons
of Sir Eoger Giffard, became the founders of two very
important families.
Matthew Giffard married Edith, widow of Richard de
Bedeford,9 and left a daughter Eva, who married John de
Stanton, and I think another daughter [see Polwhele's Hist.
of Devon], who married a Mandeville.
GIFFABD OF CLIFFORD BOWOOD AND YBO (VALE).
Like Matthew Giffard, his uncle Philip left only daughters,
four in number, among whom his property was divided
in 19 Ed. IIL, and the Deeds of Partition are in the British
Museum amongst the Additional MSS. 28,838, folios 46
and 112. Some light on this property is thrown by the
Devon Assize Roll of 23 Hen. III., where Sir Roger Giffard
acknowledged that he had granted to his son Philip all his
land of Pambire [Peyhembury] and the service of Robert
Giffard1 and his heirs for the land of Cokespitte, and the
service of Hugh de la Ya and Matthew de la Ya [Yeo], and
.the service from the land of la Sethlake, which was
appurtenant to Pembire.
The Aid of 1284 states that Philip Giffard held \ of \
knight's fee of Peyhembury [Payembre] of Matthew Giffard,
and that Matthew Giffard held the same of Marjory de
Nonaunt,and that Marjory held it of Hugh de Courtenay.
Upon the death s.p.m. of Matthew and Philip Giffard, the
male representation of the Devonshire Giffards devolved
9 This is, I think, the "Lady Edith " whom I find in the Episcopal
Registers presenting to the living of Clovelly. I am disposed to identify
Richard de Bedeford with a Sir Richard [Grenville] de Bideford, but lack
sufficient evidence (De Banco Roll, Easter, 19 Ed. I.).
1 I have not placed this Robert Giffard, but it is not improbable that he is
identical with either Robert Giffard of Lannowmnre, or Robert Giffard,
Rector of Clovelly, who granted to Gervase Giffard, son of Walter Giffard
of Clifford, all his lands of Western Bowood (see Gary MSS., Trans, Devon.
Assoc., 1901). This act on the part of Robert Giffard implies that he was a
near relative of Walter Giffard of Clifford ; and if this Robert Giffard is
identical with the Robert Giffard, Canon of Exeter, who in his conveyance
to the Bishop of Exeter of the advowson of Farringdon describes himself
as "Robert Giffard de Buketon," it wonld appear that the Giffards of
Buketon [Bukenton] were a branch of the Weare Giffard family ; but see
p. 661, note 9. It is possible, however, that the Clovelly here mentioned
was Bratton-Clovelly (see Trans. Devon. Assoc., 1901, p. 154, note), and
if so, this fact may explain additional note to QuiviPs Register, by Preb.
Hingeston-Randolph, to the effect that in 1286 Richard Giffard was true
patron of " Olofely," for it is probable that Matthew Giffard was at this date
patron of the better-known Clovelly.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
"giffard's jump." 671
upon the descendants of Walter Giffard of Clifford, the
founder of the Giffards of Bowood and Yeo (Vale), and the
descendants of Bartholomew Giffard, the founder of the
Giffards of Halsbury.
As already stated (p. 668 and note), the Devon Assize Roll
of 50 Hen. III. (Roll No. 178, m. 24) proves that Baldwin
Giffard, the father of Sir Roger, had been enfeoffed in lands
at West Clifford by Oliver Dinham. The Roll further
proves that Sir Roger, having entered into possession of
the said lands on the death of Baldwin, had enfeoffed in
them Walter Giffard, who was the father of Floer Giffard.
The Devon Assize Roll of 9 & 10 Ed. I. (No. 183, m. 11,
dorso) confirms the previous information and establishes the
fact that Sir Roger Giffard was son and heir of Baldwin
Giffard. Yet another Devon Assize Roll of 38 Hen. III.
(No. 2182, m. 2) shows that the above-mentioned Walter
Giffard had been enfeoffed as early as 1254
From the evidence of these Rolls it is practically proved
that Walter Giffard of Clifford, the ancestor of the Bowood
and Yeo (Vale) Giffards, was a younger son of Sir Roger
Giffard of Awliscombe and Clovelly ; for the latter, having
sons then living, would scarcely have enfeoffed Walter in
lands of inheritance over the heads of his own children
if Walter had not been his son.
The descent of the Giffards of Bowood and Yeo (Vale)
from Walter Giffard of Clifford is fortunately proved by
the ancient deeds among the Cary MSS., abstracts of which
have already appeared in the Transactions of this
Association (1901).
1. A Deed (1270-85), whereby Robert Abbot of Tavi-
stock enfeoffed Gervaise Giffard of lands in Abbotsham,
proves that Gervaise was son of Walter Giffard of Clifford.
2. A Deed dated 3 Ed. III., between Gervaise Giffard and
Richard Giffard, proves that Richard was son and heir-
apparent of Gervaise.
3. A grant of 31 Ed. III., by John De Bowey and
Margaret his wife and Theobald Bowey, shows that Richard
Giffard was of Bowood.
4. An Indenture of 10 Hen. IV., partitioning the lands of
John Bowey, proves that Simon Giffard married Emma,
daughter and co-heir of John Bowey, and had issue Geoffrey,
his son and heir.
5. A Deed of 17 Hen. VI., between Geoffrey Giffard of
Yeo and other parties, proves that John Giffard was son and
heir of Geoffrey Giffard.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
672 "giffakd's jump."
6. Letters of Attorney of 10 Hen. VI. mention that
Gervaise Giffard had issue Simon, that Simon Giffard had
issue Geoffrey, and' that Geoffrey Giffard had issue John.
In addition to these Deeds there are several post-mortem
Inquisitions on members of the Yeo (Vale) Giffards which
afford very valuable information.2 The post-mortem In-
quisition on Robert Giffard, 16 Ed. IV., states that he held
the manor of Godelegh and the advowson of the church
and lands in Mortho, Yeo, and Abbotsham, and that John
his son was his nearest heir and sixteen years of age. The
possession by the family of the manor of Godelegh clearly
indicates a descent from Sir Roger Giffard of Clovelly and
Awliscombe, and confirms my previous statement that
Walter Giffard of Clifford must have been a younger son
of Sir Roger Giffard.
It is to be noted, however, that at this date (16 Ed. IV.) the
Giffards of Bowood and Yeo (Vale) did not possess the
lands in West and East Clifford, and these properties are
found subsequently in the possession of the Halsbury
Giffards. I have not ascertained how or when this transfer
was effected; but it is not impossible that it is to be
referred to the time of Bartholomew Giffard, for in the
list of free tenants of the manor of Hartland, in 1301
Bartholomew Giffard is found holding several ferlings, one
of which is supposed to be identical with the holding in
Clifford, which in 1566 was held by John Giffard [of Hals-
bury]. (See " Early History of the Manor of Hartland," by
Mr. R. Pearse Chope, which occurs in the present volume
Trans. Devon. Assoc, p. 418.)
Another post-mortem Inquisition on John Giffard (11th
January, 10 Hen. VII.) proves that Leonard, his brother,
was his nearest heir. At his death he held the manor of
Bradford and lands in Methe, Godelegh, and Trewe.
A Deed (Cary MSS.) of 18 Hen. VIII. proves that John
Giffard had issue Robert, that Robert had issue John, and
that Leonard had issue Thomas Giffard.
Another post-mortem Inquisition on the death of Thomas
Giffard (25 Hen. VIII.) proves that John Giffard, his son,
was his nearest heir and twenty-one years of age and
upwards.
Another post-mortem Inquisition, held on 20th October,
3 Inasmuch as Goodleigh [" Codelegh" in the list in Testa de Nevill of Sir
Rogor Giffard's fees] was held of the Duchy of Lancaster, on the accession of
that house to the throne the Giffards of Bowood and Yeo (Vale) became
tenants in capite.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"giffard's jump." 673
33 Hen. VIIL, on the death of John Giffard of Yeo, proves
that he died on the 19th March last, leaving Margaret his
widow, who was the daughter of John Mylyton, Esq., and
a daughter, Wilmote, who was his sole child and heir. Wil-
mote, the heiress of this house, married 1540 (her first
husband, John Bury of Colyton, having been divorced)
George Cary (the son and heir-apparent of Thomas Cary of
Cockington), who was afterwards Lord Deputy of Ireland,
by whom she left several daughters. Wilmote was buried
in Tor-Mohun Church, where the brass to her memory is still
to be seen. The date of her death was 1581.
From the foregoing evidences the following pedigree is
proved : —
Walter Giffard of Clifford occurs in 1254
(younger son of Sir Roger Giffard of CI o veil y)
Floer Giffard, Gervaise occurs 1309
[?o.s.p.J |
Richard = Sabina occurs 1357
I
Gervase
Simon = Emma, d. and coh. of John Bowey
i
Geoffrey occurs in 1410 and 1438
John occurs in 1488
Robert =Radigunda, d. and heir of Gilbert Denys
d.l476(16Ed.IV.)|
John, Leonard
16 years old in 1476 |
o.8. p. 10 Hen. VII. Thomas = Eliz., d. of Will Denys, of Orleigh
John = Margaret
ob. 33 Hen. VIIL I
8 Wilmote = Sir George Cary,
Lord Deputy of Ireland.
3 The Giffards of Bowood and Yeo (Vale) do not appear in the Heralds'
Visitations, as the male line was extinct some years before the date of the
first Visitation, but they used the same arms as the Halsbury Giffards [vide
Wilmote Cary's brass and ancient glass in the Yeo Vale Chapel in Alwington
Church], and therefore it is clear that if the Awliscombe and Clovelly
Giffards adopted arms different from their original coat, which would seem to
have been the case, they must have done so not later than the time of Sir
Roger Giffard of Clovelly, for he was the common ancestor of the Clifford,
Yeo Vale, and Halsbury Giffards, all of whom bore for arms — Sable, three
lozenges conjoined in fess ermine. As stated previously, I think that it was
probably Baldwin who made the change. The pedigree of the Yeo Giffards
in Vivian's Visitations of Devon contains some further interesting particu-
lars of this family.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 U
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
674 "giffard's jump."
Yeo (Vale), the later4 home of this branch of the Giffards,
is well known to all who reside in or near BidefonL Some
parts, certainly, of the ancient structure remain, the central
tower being of considerable antiquity.
The ruins of the ancient chapel attached to Yeo (Vale)
were removed some years ago, and rebuilt within sight of
the mansion on the opposite side of the new road.5 Within
these ruins, which occupy a very picturesque position, was
placed an ancient slab, which commemorates a member of
the Giffards of Yeo (Vale), who, according to the tradition
recorded by Westcote (1630), was one of the Justices of
the King's Bench. The inscription is partially obliterated,
but fortunately a copy was made when it was legible by
some of the Devonshire historians. It runs thus : —
" Orate pro anim& Willelmi Giffard armigeri qui obiit 1 2™° die
Decembri8 a.d. 1400 cujus animse propitietur Deus. Amen."
In the Episcopal Kegister (Bp. Stafford) is recorded the
licence granted to Geoffry Giffard and Emma his wife for
an oratory in their mansion of Yeo in Alwington, 26th
March, 1408.
GIFFARD OF HALSBURY.
Having traced the descent of the Giffards of Bowood and
Yeo (Vale) to their extinction in the male line, I now propose
to sketch the fortunes of the important family of Giffard of
Halsbury,6 who during their long tenure of that property
4 Geoffrey [Galfrid] Giffard, whose will is dated 20th January, 1486-7,
married Emma ["Emmota"], daughter of Sir Walter, at Yeo, and thus
acquired this property [Vivian's Visitations of Devon].
* In former times the little river Yeo, which flows through the valley,
divided the Yeo Vale and Halsbury estates.
9 Halsbury is in the parish of Parkham, and is distant about six miles
from Bideford. Prince, in his Worthies of Devon [Giffardl, speaks of it as an
44 antient k comely dwelling " ; and Westcote, in his View of Devonshire,
compiled about the same time as Risdon's Survey, 1630, refers to it in these
terms : " Halsbury, which hath bred many good men of sundry families, may
not be forgotten. It first gave name to a generous family, which ended in
Peter de Halsbury, son and heir to Peter [sic] de Halsbury, whose daughter
Johannah joined it to the inheritance of Le Giffard (the Bountiful), which
name writes himself thereof at this time and flourisheth worthy his great
ancestors. But the descent is so copious for variety of houses of wnich
they have been anciently possessed, that I must pass him without furthur
remembrance,*' etc.
When Halsbury was sold by the Giffards only a small part of the original
mansion was allowed to remain to serve the purpose of a farmhouse, and the
property was divided and sold off in smallportions.
At the present day there is little at Halsbury to suggest its former im-
portance ; but an old coat-of-arms representing the Giffard coat impaling what
appear to be the Yeo arms, an ancient barn, a portion of the old house, and
two date stones, bearing respectively the dates 1072 and 1652, still remain.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
"giffard's jump." 675
amassed an immense estate in the county of Devon, and
threw off several branches, one of which was destined to
continue the male representation of the family to the
present day.
According to Sir William Pole, the well-known antiquary,
who had access to many documents which have since been
destroyed, and who compiled his " Collections " in the reign
of Elizabeth, the Giffards of Halsbury derived their descent
from Bartholomew Giffard, who acquired that property
in Edward I/s reign by marriage. This Bartholomew
is no doubt identical with that Bartholomew Giffard to
whom I have already referred as being another of the sons
of Sir Roger Giffard of Awliscombe and Clovelly; and
valuable evidence of this identity is to be found in the
fact that in 1301 " Bartholomew Giffard " occurs in the list
of free tenants of the manor of Hartland as holding several
ferlings, one of which is believed to be Clifford, which in
1566 was held by John Giffard [of Halsbury]. (See "Manor
of Hartland," by Mr. R. Pearse Chope, Traits. Devon. Assoc.,
vol. xxxiv. p. 418.)
The Awliscombe Deeds in the possession of the Corpora-
tion of Exeter, abstracts of which were published some
years ago in Notes and Gleanings, prove that Sir Roger
Giffard had a son Bartholomew Giffard. By deed s.d. Sir
Roger Giffard lets to farm his land of Awliscombe to Alice
Coffin for her life, for which Alice granted to Roger the
third part of Welcumbe, which she held in dower. And the
said Alice was to exonerate Roger from a rent of 2 marks
payable to Richard Treminet, 2 marks payable to Richard
de C . . . rs and 12s. payable to Matthew de Banton. The
three last named were doubtless the mesne lords of Awlis-
combe, and their tenure was represented at this date by a
chief-rent payable by the tenant in possession.
By another deed s.d. Richard de tribus minetis [Treminet]
remits to Bartholomew Giffard a rent of 2 marks which
Roger, father of Bartholomew, used to render for the land
of " Haulescombe," the said Bartholomew and his heirs to
render in lieu of it to Richard and his heirs a pair of gilt
spurs for his land in Haulescome and Cobberwympel.
The Episcopal Register7 of Exeter shows that on the
23rd March, 1314, William Martyn was ordained deacon on
the presentation of Bartholomew Giffard, and on the follow-
ing 21st December the same William was ordained priest on
the presentation of Baldwin Giffard. Bartholomew, there-
7 Stapeldon, pp. 496, 502.
2 u 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
676 "GIFFAKD'S JUMP."
fore, must have died in 1314. This information confirms the
first two links of the pedigree of the Halsbury Giffards
given by Sir William Pole, the Elizabethan historian of
Devon, and there can be no donbt that the Bartholomew
and Baldwin Giffard above mentioned are identical with the
Bartholomew and Baldwin Giffard who are found about
this time attesting important documents at Portledge, the
ancient seat of the Coffins near Halsbury, and elsewhere
[Hist. MSS. Comm. 1874]. Bartholomew Giffard is also
found in conjunction with Matthew Giffard witnessing the
Charter of the Borough of Hartland granted by Oliver de
Dynham. (See "Manor of Hartland," by Mr. R Pearse
Chope, Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. xxxiv. p. 418.)
I will now record the early portion of the pedigree of
the Giffards of Halsbury, according to Sir William Pole.
The italics are mine.
Bartholomew Giffard = Jone de Halsbury8
Witnesses a deed s.d. at
Portledge. ob. 131+.
Baldwin Giffard = Jane
Witnesses deeds in Coffin MSS.
in 1317, 1318, 132*, 13S6.
John Giffard = Sibil
.— ■
Walter Giffard = Isabel
John Giffard =d. and h. of Richard Deuel ire A
Thomas Giffard = Wilmot Knight Andrew Giffard.
I ancestor of the Giffards
I of Thewborough.
John Giffard = Joan, d. and coh. of [See Stafford's Register —
I John Dabernon "Andrew de Giffard,
I co-patron of Roseash."
Thomas Giffard. — H. F. G.]
A I think this name should be DenecluT.— H. F. G.
• According to Sir William Pole, " Halsbiry " was in Henry II. 's reign the
dwelling of Walter de Halsbury, who had issue Baldwyn, who had issue Peter,
who had issue Joane, the wife of Bartholomew Giffard ; and this pedigree is
confirmed by the Coffin MSS. at Portledge of about the time of Edward I.,
one of which is attested by a " Baldewin de Halsbiry" while several other
deeds among the same collection are witnessed by "Peter de HalsbirLn
The last-named witness also attested the Bideford Charter granted by the
Grenvilles. The date when Bartholomew Giffard entered into possession
of Halsbury has been assigned by the historians to the reign of Edward I.,
and this is probable, as we have evidence that J one's father, Peter de Halsbury,
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
"giffard's jump."
677
From the John Giffard who married Joan Dabernon the
pedigree of the Halsbury Giffards is proved by the evidence
of post-mortem Inquisitions and Heralds' Visitations.
The Inquisition on the John Giffard of Halsbury last
lived into that reign ; but the marriage between Bartholomew and Jone,
unless the former were twice married, must have taken place in the reign
of Henry III., for the following reasons.
In a suit in Banco of Trinity Term, 21 Hen. VIII., m. 608, respecting the
advowson of the church of Lanyvett, in Cornwall, the pleadings state that
Bartholomew Giffard was seized of the manor of Lanyvett and the advowson
of the church, and presented Walter Giffard, clerk, in the reign of Edward I,,
and that from Bartholomew Giffard the descent was as follows : —
Bartholomew Giffard
i
Eobert Giffard = Katharine
I
Nicholas Giffard =
I
John
Roger
I
Benedict
i
Henry
Isabella
Alice = Predyaux
Snd. | 1st. |
Henry Giffard Alured Benedict Thos.= Joan = Henry John
presented Alured brother succeeded his Lucombe I Nichol Buntworth
Giffard to the k heir cousin k heir | J
church temp. o.s.p. of Alured John Nichol John
Rich. II. o.s.p. temp.Hen.VL Buntworth
and presented
to the church
I
Richard Giffard
o.s.p.
Alice Giffard
o.s.p.
presented 6 Hen. VIII.
Lannowmure and Lanyvet appear to have been the inheritance of
Katharine, the wife of Robert Giffard, for by a fine levied in 13 Ed. I.
(1284), Bartholomew Giffard settled the manor of Lannowmure and advow-
son of Lanyvett on Robert Giffard and Katharine, his wife, and the heirs
of their bodies, and failing such on the right heirs of Katharine.
Bartholomew Giffard had no doubt purchased the wardship of Katharine
and given her in marriage to a younger son. Now, Robert Giffard could
scarcely have been less than twenty in 1284 when he married, and therefore
could not have been born later than 1204, which would make the marriage
of Bartholomew and Jone de Halsbury not later than 1263, and probably
earlier, for Robert was almost certainly a younger son.
To continue the history of the Lannowmure Giffards, I may add that
Katharine is proved by the Cornwall Assize Roll of 30 Ed. I. to have been
sister and heir of Laurence Pentec, and a suit in Banco of Hilary Term,
28 Hen. VI. [de Banco Roll, Hill. 28 Hen. VI., m. 320], confirms the
previous pedigree and proves that Katharine was the daughter of Nicholas
de Monketon, alias Nicholas Pentec [not Roger Pentec, as stated by Sir J.
Maclean in his Trigg Minor], From a fine which was levied in 27 Ed. I. it
would appear that there was a double manor in Lannowmure — one held by
the Monketons of the Bishop, and the other by Bartholomew Giffard under
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
678 "giffabd's jump."
mentioned, who died in 7 Hen. VII. (1491), states that he
held the manor of Halsbury and lands in Nethercote and
Wirtheyate, East and West Clifford [see p. 672 as to East
and West Clifford], Trew, Nuttecote, Gorwen, Tadeport,
Braddon, Ludecote, a moiety of the manor of Podyngton,
with a fourth of the advowson of the church, two messuages
in Exeter held of the Bishop, and a moiety of a carucate of
land in Combehead, and a fourth of a knight's fee in MylL
Halsbury was held of Hugh Beaumond in free socage, and
four carucates of land in West Clyfford, East Clyfford, Trew,
and Nuttcote were held of John Lord Dynham in free socage.
The moiety of Podyngton was held of the Prince of
Wales as Duke of Cornwall, the fourth of a knight's fee
in Myll was held of Margaret, Countess of Eichmond, as
of the Honour of Toryton, and the lands in Braddon and
Ludecote were held of the Earl of Devon.
He had survived Elizabeth [sic] his wife, who had been
jointly enfeoffed with him in some of the lands above
mentioned, and had left issue Thomas, William, Eichard,
Lewis, and other sons whose names are not given, and
several daughters. Thomas Giffard his son was his nearest
heir, and was thirty years of age and upwards.
The Inquisition taken on the death of Thomas Giffard
of Halsbury in 5 Hen. VIII. (1513) is in bad condition,
but some of it can be deciphered. It states that he held the
manor of Hallysbury and lands and tenements in Bolland,
Wodeland, Cheppyngtoriton, Godeleigh, Exeter, Braddon,
Ludecote, Wylleswylle, Walden, Hatherlegh, Wykescosy,
lands in West Clyfford, Est Clyfford, Trew, Nuttecote,
Thornbury, and other places the names of which are
illegible ; also land in Upton Helyon, with a moiety of the
the Earl of Cornwall, and that Bartholomew Giffard had united the two fees
by marrying his son Robert to the heiress of the Bishop's fee.
Robert Giffard appears in the Book of Aids under the date 1803, as holding
a full knight's fee in Lannowmure of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, but he was
dead in 1312, for in that year Walter Giffard, Doctor of Theology, and others
§ resented to Lanyvett. In 26 Ed. I. he was in prison at Launceston for the
eath [de morte] of Richard do Spekcote. the parson of Parkham, but was
released on finding security to serve the King in Scotland at his own costs,
and he afterwards obtained a full pardon for the felony on account of his
services against the Scotch [Close Roll, 26 Ed. I., m. 7]. He was Knight
of the Shire for oo. Cornwall in the Parliament of 28 Ed. I., and again in
34 Ed. I.
This family continued at Lannowmure for some descents, and from it
probably descended the Giffards who appear in the Cornish Visitation of
1620, in the Spoore pedigree. The Giffards of Lannowmure must be dis-
tinguished from the Giffards of Helland, who were apparently another branch
of the Giffard family and probably the ancestors of the Giffards of Bowers,
in Essex.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"GIFFABD'S JUMP." 679
advowson of the church, a moiety of the manor of Podyng-
ton, and a fourth part of the advowson, one-fourth of a
moiety of the manor of Offewell and rents from Helegh
Sackvyle, and Helegh Mandevylle and Gorwen.
By deed dated 31st July, 3 Hen. VIII. (1511), Thomas
had made a settlement on Anne, his wife, for Jier life, and
he had made a will, dated 3rd March, 5 Hen. VIII. (1513).
On the same date the trustees, at his urgent request, had
made a feoffment of all his lands in Walton, in the parish
of Milton Damerel, on himself for life, with remainder to
Roger Giffard [see note 9, p. 680] and his heirs, and Roger
Giffard had entered into these lands on the death of Thomas.
John Giffard, son of Thomas Giffard, was his nearest heir, and
was aged thirty and upwards. So large a proportion of the
lands and tenements above specified being held in moiety
looks as though they had been derived from a co-heiress.
The Inquisition of 20 Hen. VIII. (1528) on the death of
the last-named John is also extant, but much torn and dis-
coloured. It states that he died on the 22nd February,
19 Hen. VIII. (1527), and that Thomas [the alleged hero of
" Giffard's Jump "] his son was his nearest heir, and twenty-
two years of age and upwards.
Of the Inquisition taken on the death of the last-named
Thomas I have already given an abstract (see pp. 654-6),
and in this place I need only mention that it, together with
the three previous Inquisitions cited above (see p. 678),
carries on the pedigree (as under) for four generations from
the John Giffard who, according to Sir William Pole, married
the daughter and co-heiress of John Dabernon. Continuing
the Hakbury line, therefore, from the John Giffard last
mentioned, the pedigree is as follows : —
JohnGiffard=
ob. 1491. I
Thomas Giffard =
ob. 1513. I
John Giffard =
ob. 1527. I
* Thomas Giffard =
ob. 1550. I
John Thomas
* Hero of " Giffard's Jump*"
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
680 "giffard's jump."
The foregoing pedigree is further amplified by the pedigree
in the Heralds' Visitation of Devon of 1620, whereat John
Giffard of Halsbury appeared and certified to six genera-
tions of his family as opposite.
Upon the death in his lifetime of his only son Thomas,
John Giffard of Halsbury [the last John Giffard mentioned
in the Heralds' pedigree as being eight years old in 1620]
settled (inter vivos) that ancient property upon Roger
Giffard, second son of Colonel John Giffard of Brightleigh,
the celebrated Cavalier of the Civil Wars, and this settle-
ment is referred to in Colonel Giffard's will [proved 5th
March, 1668] as having been effected.
In this way the vast estates of the Giffards of Halsbury
passed about the middle of the seventeenth century to the
Brightleigh branch of that family, which had separated
from the parent stem in the reign of Henry VIII.
Roger Giffard, who thus acquired Halsbury, though
married three times, left no issue surviving him on his
death, in 1724, and by his will resettled Halsbury upon his
great -nephew, another Roger Giffard, the second son of
Henry Giffard of Brightleigh.
The last-named Roger Giffard, who married Elizabeth
Giffard of Morebath, and by her had a large family,
appears to have been a man of great extravagance, and
to this fact probably, and the needs of a numerous progeny,
must be attributed the necessity for selling the ancient
patrimony which had been in the Giffard family for about
five centuries. The sale was effected in or about the year
1750, and Roger Giffard, dying in 1763, was buried at
Chittlehampton, in which parish Brightleigh, his early
home, was situate.1
This Roger Giffard,2 the last of the name who owned
Halsbury, was [in 1763] uncle to the then head of the
Giffard family, the grandfather of the present Lord Chan-
9 The Roger here mentioned was the son of Thomas Giffard by bis second
wife Anne Coryton, and afterwards became the founder of the line of Giffard
of Brightleigh by marriage with Margaret Cobleigh, heiress of that property.
1 It is a fact that the famous William Gifford, editor of the Quarterly
Review, claimed to be descended from the Halsbury Giffards [see his
autobiography in the 1827 edition of the Baviad and Mceviad, in which he
tells a romantic story of the disinheriting of his grandfather], but, if this
were true, the descent could not have been through Roger Giffard, but must
have been through an earlier Giffard of Halsbury.
1 In this Roger Giffard's will is contained a somewhat pathetic request
He desires to be buried in his mother's grave [Chittlehampton], and directs
the following inscription to be placed under that to his mother : —
" Here lies the unfortunate Roger, second son of the above."
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
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682 "GIFFARD'S JUMP."
cellor. Before speaking of the Brightleigh Giffards I must
first mention very briefly several other branches of the
Halsbury Giflfards, of whom the first in point of time was
the family of
GIFFARD OF THEWBOROUGH.
This family, according to Sir William Pole, was a younger
branch of the Giflfards of Halsbury, being descended from
Andrew Giffard, a younger son of John Giffard of Halsbury.
Sir John Maclean, in his Trigg Minor, gives the following
pedigree of this family : —
* John [this should be
Andrew.— H. F. G.] Giffard = Ingrett [Incaret—H. F. G.]
| d. and heir of Alan Esse4 of Thew-
borough
John
Giffard =
5 Stephen Giffard =
Alice, d. and heir, married William Prideaux of
Adiston, who was living in 1461.
The Inquisition on Agnes, the widow of Stephen Giflfard,
who died 13th April, 1483, states that she held certain
lands and tenements in Plymptree, Wydecombe, and other
places, and by an indenture dated 10th October, 15 Ed. IV.,
8 Westcote, in his Survey of Devon,,, makes Andrew Giffard the husband
of Ingrett. His pedigree is as follows : —
Sir Ralph Esse, Kt, of Thuborough
Thomas Ingrett = Andrew Giffard John Giffard = Elizabeth
son and heir * of Thuborough of Holland,
d.s.p. co. Cornwall
4 The family of Esse appear to have been Giffards, for amongst the Devon
Fines [Record Series] of 37 Hen. III. Robert Giffard, son of TJumas de Esse,
gives half a mark for an assize. In the New Monasticony under " Ford/' among
the acquisitions of the Abbot of Ford confirmed by Richard I., is a purchase
of lana in Aessa from Walter, son of Baldwin de Aessa. If the Esses were
Giffards, it would appear that the ancient family of Trecarrell (originally a
branch of the Esse family) of Trecarrell must be descended from a Giffard
origin also.
• From Pole, pp. 173 and 361, it would appear that Stephen Giffard's
mother was Alls, daughter of John Uggesworthy, and that Stephen's wife
was Agnes, daughter of John Churchill, of Wildyarde. Vivian gives
Stephen two wives — Agnes Churchill (the mother of Eleanor Dennis and
Mariote Calmady) and Joan Spencer, of Tedburn (the mother of Alis
Prideaux) — who, according to the same authority, also married (1) John
Michelstow and (3) William Woolacombe, but I have doubts as to these
three marriages.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"giffard's jump." 683
had granted them to John Denys and Eleanor his wife
for their lives, with remainder to William, son of the said
John and Eleanor, and his issue, and in default of such to
Roger brother of William and his issue, and in default of
such to Robert brother of Eoger and his issue, and in default
to Thomas brother of Eobert and his issue, and in default to
the heirs of the said Eleanor. And Eleanor had died and
John was still living.
The Inquisition further shows that the manor of Thu-
burgh and a third part of the manors of Esseraffe and
Cureworthy, and a third part of the advowson of the
Church of Esseraffe, had been settled in 1443 on Stephen
Gyffard and the said Agnes, and on the heirs and assigns of
the said Stephen for ever. Stephen had issue Alice and
Eleanor, and had died Alice married William Prydeaux,
and Eleanor married John Denys. William, Eleanor, and
Agnes had died, and the said Alice and John Denys had
survived them and were still alive.
And in 2 Ed. IV. a fine had been levied by which a
moiety of the said premises had been settled on William
and Alice and their male issue, and in default of such on
Fulk Prideaux and his issue, and in default of such on the
issue of the said Alice, and in default of such on the issue
of the said John and Eleanor. And the other moiety
had been settled on John Denys and Eleanor and their
issue, and in default of such on the issue of Eleanor, and in
default of such on the issue of the said William and Alice ;
and the said William Prydeaux and Eleanor and Agnes
had died, and Alice and John Denys had survived them
and were still alive.
Thuburgh was held of the King in capite as of his Honour
of Plympton by the service of one knight's fee, and the
manor of Esseraffe was held of Edmund Grey by the
service of one-third of a knight's fee, and the manor of
Cureworthy of William Major. Agnes had died on the
13th April last, and her nearest heir was her kinswoman
Anne, wife of John Willemer, viz. daughter of John
Mighelstowe, the son of the said Agnes, and she is twenty-
four years of age and upwards.6
In Fuller's Worthies, under "Devon," I find the name
of this Stephen Giffard of Thuborough in a list of the
principal men in Devon. See also Cal. of Pat. Rolls, 6 Hen.
VI., Pt. I., memb. 4d, where Stephen Gyffard brings a com-
• Chancery Inqa. p.m., 1 Rich. III. No. 47.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
684 "giffard's jump."
plaint against Sir John Dynham and other "malefactors"
that they, " arrayed in manner of war, assaulted him at
Herton [Hartland], and beat, wounded, and ill-treated him
until his life was in danger." I am indebted to Mr. R
Pearse Chope for this reference,
GIFFARD OF MILTON DAMEREL.
In the Visitation of Devon of 1620 is recorded the pedi-
gree of another junior branch of the ancient house of
Halsbury, viz. the Giffards of Milton Damerel. This branch
descends from Anthony Giffard, who was probably half-
brother of Thomas Giflfard, the traditional hero of " Giffard's
Jump." The pedigree is as follows : —
GYFFARDE.
Anthonie Gifford = Dorothy, d. of Wikes
of Milton Damerel I
Edmond Humphrie William Emmanuell=Jane,d. ofHampbiv
ofTapley,7
co. Devon
Copleston of Fulling-
cott, relict of Georgi
Beare
Richard Giffard Alicia = Digorie Seccum John Mary
s. & h. of retherwin in ob. ap.
set 18 1620 com. D.
(Signed) Eicakubll Gyffardb.
There would appear to have been two contemporary
Anthony Giffards, and both apparently to have married
into the family of Wyke, Wykes, or Wikes, the Christian
names of the wives being different. The Anthony who
heads the above pedigree is described as of Milton Damerel,
and appears to have married one Dorothy Wikes. About the
same date an Anthony Giffard was living at Axmouth,
having married Elizabeth, one of the four daughters and
coheiresses of Roger Wyke or Wikes, the last of that name
who owned Bindon.
The Anthony Giffard last mentioned was probably »
merchant ; for on the chimney of the house which he is
believed to have occupied at Axmouth are still to be
7 Tapley must have been rented by Emanuel Giffard from the Giffards of
Brightleigh, to whom this property belonged. I think Emanuel Giffard wu
at one time M.P. for Bury St Edmunds. His will was proved 7th December,
1638.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"giffakd's jump." 685
seen a merchant's mark and the initials, date, and motto
following:- AG EWQ
God giveth all8
1570
I cannot but think, however, that these two Anthony
Giffards will prove to be identical, and that Dorothy in the
Visitation is a mistake for Elizabeth ; but upon this point I
may well be mistaken, for Anthony and Dorothy certainly
had a son Anthony.
The fact that on the pedigree last given the daughter of
Anthonie and Dorothy was named Ebbett would appear to
indicate that Anthonie Giffard was the son of John Giffard
of Halsbury by Ebete his third wife (see p. 681). 9
The fact that the father of Dorothy Wikes was named
Richard would rather suggest that he may have been a
member of the family of Weekes of Hatherleigh, in which
the name Richard was common, but in this case two Anthony
Giffards must have married Wykes wives, for the Axmouth
Anthony certainly married a Wykes co-heir of Bindon. A
third intermarriage occurred when John Wykes of North
Wyke married Mary, daughter of Sir Roger Giffard of
Brightleigh.
The first Humphrie mentioned in the pedigree was the
Elizabethan poet who published his Posie of Gillyflowers and
other writings in 1580. The work has been reprinted [Rev.
A. B. Grosart, 1875].
John Guillim, in his Display of Heraldry, thus wrote under
the name and shield of " Gifford " : —
"He beareth Sable, 3 Fusils in Fess ermine by the name of
Gifford a Family of long continuance in Hals worth [a mistake for
Halsbury — H. F. G.] in Devonshire from whence descended that
great Collector of choice Rarities Humfrey Gifford of the Poultrey
Compter, London, Gent."
Again, in a heraldic MS. by Richard Coffin of Portledge,
who was Sheriff of Devon in 1685, occurs the following
entry : —
"Gifford of Halesbury hath long continued there of whom is
descended Humfrey Gifford of the Poultry, London, an in-
8 This motto has been supposed to be of an allusive nature, and to have
reference to the original meaning of the name.
8 The pedigree of Eyfford in Add. MS. 14,315, p. 54, which is obviously in-
tended to be a pedigree of Giffard of Brightley, confirms this view, and makes
Anthony Eyfford son of John Eyfford by Ebott daughter of Wood of Ashridge
in oo. Devon.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
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"giffard's jump." 687
dustrious gentleman and of judgment as a collector of rarities and
antiquities."
Dr. Grosart states that the Harl. MS. 1,041, fol. 58, gives
to Humphrey Giffard two sons, Anthony and Dolomts, and
three daughters, Katherine, Agnes, and Elizabeth, and he
adds that he knows nothing of Dr. William Kinson, the
husband of Katherine according to another MS. [Harl. MS.
1,080, fol. 30]. This is not difficult to understand, for " Dr.
Wil. Kinson " therein mentioned should be " Dr. Wilkinson."
This gentleman was a well-known character at Oxford, and
was, I think, a strong Parliamentarian and President of
Magdalen College, Oxford. I think, however, that the Harl.
MS. is wrong in assigning Katherine Giffard to him as wife,
for in Great Milton Church, in Oxfordshire, I discovered a
monument to the memory of Elizabeth, the wife of Dr.
Wilkinson above mentioned, and the impaled shield dis-
played the arms of Wilkinson impaling those of Giffard of
Halsbury; but this Elizabeth was only forty-one in 1654.
Dr. Grosart was unable to discover what office Humphrey
held in the Poultry Compter, which was a prison for debt,
but the Barnstaple Eecords (vol. i p. 193, recently edited by
that careful antiquary Mr. Thomas Wainwright, of the
Barnstaple Athenaeum) appear to me to throw some light
on Humphrey Giffard's later occupation, for in a list of the
head masters of the Barnstaple Grammar School I find the
following entry : —
" Humphrey Jeffert buried 12 June 1589 his infant child being
christened Dolor osm on the same day."
I think this must have been the poet, who had returned to
his own county to end his days.
Before leaving this family I should like to point out that
it is the only branch of the Devonshire Giffards, so far as
I have been able to discover, who appear to have sided
with the Parliamentarians. Possibly Humphrey's marriage
with a Cope may have prepared the way for this, having
regard to the strong Puritan tendencies of that race.
The next younger branch of the Halsbury Giffards, about
which I must say a few words, is that of the
GIFFARDS OF LANDCROSS.
Beference to the pedigree of the Halsbury Giffards (see
p. 681) will show that John Giffard and Alice Smyth had
a son and heir, John Giffard, set. forty in 1620. The Inqui-
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
688 "GIFFABD'S JUMP."
sition taken 1st August, 1 Chas. I. (1625), on the death of
the last-named John Giffard, "armiger," names his father
John, his mother Alice Smyth, his brothers William and
Anthony, and his son and heir Thomas Giffard, and it shows
that by a deed 6th August, 18 James I., John Giffard, the
father, had (saving his life interest) enfeoffed William
Giffard, his second son, to the capital messuage of Barton
and lands in Winslade, with an ultimate remainder, failing
the male issue of William, to Anthony Giffard, the third
son of the said John Giffard of Hallesbury, and the heirs
male of his body, and failing such with remainder to the
right heirs of the said John Giffard for ever. The Inqui-
sition also shows that the said John Giffard the father, and
Alice his wife, were seized of the manor of Lancras, alias
Langcrasse, and on the 14th August, 18 James I., had
enfeoffed in it (saving their own life interest) Anthony
Giffard, the son of the said John, for his life, with remainder
to the firstborn son of the said Anthony and the heir male
of his body, and failing such to the use of the right heirs
of the said John for ever.
The Inquisition also mentions that Lancras was held in
capite of the late King James as of his Honour of Oke-
hampton.1
Anthony Giffard above mentioned was the founder of
the Giffards of Landcross. He died 14th February, 1649
(1650), and his monument is still to be seen in Landcross
Church. The inscription is as follows: —
" Hie jacet Anthonius Giffordus Dominus de Lancras vir vere
pius et Catholicus obiit 14 Feb Februarii Anno Domini 1649."
This Anthony was a staunch adherent to the Royal cause,
and suffered for his loyalty, as will be seen in the State
Papers of the period at the Record Office. It would appear,
from Dr. Oliver's Collections, pp. 11 and 22, that the Giffards
of Halsbury had not accepted the Reformation doctrines,
and certainly Anthony Giffard and his brother William, who
also was fined for his loyalty, professed the old faith, and
suffered greatly at the hands of the Parliament, inasmuch as
it was not possible for a " Catholic " to compound under the
Commonwealth, for a necessary preliminary to it was the
taking of the oath of the Solemn League and Covenant, and
their estates therefore were sold to the highest bidder. At
the Restoration they were forced to redeem their property
1 Chancery Inqs. p.m., 1 Chas. I., Part I., No. 57, "Devon and Cornwall."
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"GIFFARD-S JUMP." 689
with money borrowed for the purpose, for they obtained no
aid from the King, and their estates thus remained saddled
with a permanent charge, which ultimately involved the
ruin of many of the smaller houses and younger branches,
such as the Giffards of Landcross.2
Anthony Giffard appears to have been succeeded by a
John Giffard, who was succeeded by another Anthony, for
on the same stone is inscribed : —
" Here lyeth the body of Anthony Giffard Esq1* the son of John
Giffarde Esqre of this parish who departed this life on ye 3rd of
March Anno Domini 1701 setatis sue 39."
In the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding,
under date of 25th February, 1654-5, there is a petition
of William Leigh, gentleman, for a discharge of a moiety
of the manor of Upton, which had been sequestered for
the recusancy of Anthony Giffard, deceased. This, I think,
relates to the Landcross Giffards, but I have yet to satisfy
myself on this as well as many other points respecting this
family.
The last of this family [probably Honora Giffard, who
was buried at Landcross on the 15th September, 1729] is
stated by Britton and Brayley in their history to have been
a Catholic lady, who, according to tradition, having ruined
herself by supporting a falling religion, at last received
parochial relief.
It is not improbable that this was the case, as several
of the old Catholic families in the West of England con-
tinued to indulge the hope that the Stuarts would return
to power even after the Rebellion of 1715 had been crushed.
Having now sketched the fortunes of the Halsbury
Giffards and their smaller branches, I have briefly to out-
line the history of the most important branch of that
family, the
GIFFARDS OF BRIGHTLEIGH AND TAPELEIGH.
This family descends from Sir Roger Giffard, son of
Thomas Giffard of Halsbury, by Anne Coryton, his second
wife. Sir Roger, being a younger son, was provided for, as
I have mentioned (see p. 679), by his father Thomas Giffard,
who just before his death, in 1513, had enfeoffed himself for
life, with remainder to his son Roger, in all his lands in
Walton, in the parish of Milton Damerel; and on the
* The Act of 21 October, 1653, afforded some relief and allowed " Cath-
olics " to compound for two-thirds of their estates.
VOL. XXXIV. 2 X
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
690 "GIFFAHD'S JUMP."
death of Thomas Roger entered into possession. It was
destined, however, that Roger Giffard was to win a position
in life far more important than that which usually falls to
the lot of a younger son, and accordingly a few years after
his father's death I find him married to one of the richest
heiresses in Devon, viz. Margaret, daughter and sole heir to
John Cobleigh, of Brightleigh, in the parish of Chittle-
hampton.
This large inheritance Roger Giffard no doubt greatly
improved, for Risdon, writing about 1630, states that
Margaret Cobleigh " was married to Sir Roger Giffard, a
flourishing branch of Halsbery House, who made the place
[i.e. Brightleigh. — H. F. G.] a dainty seat, with a park there-
unto belonging."
It will be convenient here to consider briefly the devolu-
tion of this property, which by Westcote has been confused
with another Brightleigh near Okehampton.
According to Sir William Pole, " Brighlegh " gave name
unto a family of " Fitzwarren," of which William, son of
Fulk Fitzwarren, received this land from his father in King
Henry II/s reign, to whom succeeded William, Henry, Sir
William, William, William, and William " Fitzwarren," who
married Jone, daughter and heir of Sir John Stowford, the
judge, whose life is given in Prince's Worthies of Devon.1
Pole further states that William "Fitzwarren," or
" Brightley " [the family assumed the name of their dwell-
ing] and Jone Stowford had issue John and Thomas, and
that John married Alis, daughter and co-heir of Sir Richard
Merton, and had issue Isabell, wife of Robert Cornu, whose
two sons, Nicholas and William, died without issue; and
that Thomas, after his brother's death, had Brightleigh, to
whom succeeded his son John and a Thomas "Brightley"
the last of that name, who left a daughter, Isabell, who
married (1) John Coblegh and (2) John Fortescue, and
left by her first marriage John Coblegh, who had issue
[Thomas, o.s.p.] Margaret Cobleigh, the wife of Sir Roger
Giffard. From Pole's pedigree, therefore, it appears that
* Sir John Stowford, whose effigy in wood lies in West Down Church, is
stated to have married Joan, one of the sisters and co-heiresses of John
Tracy, the last of the elder branch of the ancient family of that name who
lived at Wollacombe Tracy, and by this marriage to have acquired that
manor and other lands. It is a fact that this property was later in the
possession of the Fitzwarines of Brightleigh, and passed from them to the
Cobleighs and Giffards ; and it is therefore probable that the statement is
accurate, as Sir John Stowford's daughter and heiress married William
Fitzwarine. See Lysons' Hist. Dev., Pole's Collections, and Inq. p m. John
Brightleigh, 8 Hen. IV.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"giffabd's jump."
691
the Isabell Brightleigh who married Robert Cornu was not
the Isabell Brightleigh who married John Cobleigh.
The pedigree of Cobleigh recorded in the Heralds' Visita-
tion of Devon, 1564, is thus given : —
d. of Pyne=John Cobbeleigh = Eliz. d. and h. of Brightlegh of Brightley,
8. p.
co. Devon, the which Euz. gave all her
inheritance of Brightley and elsewhere
unto her said husband and to his heirs
for ever
John Cobbeleigh = Jane, 1st d. of
Will. Fortescue
of Preston [sic]
Devon
Holway=Jaket
of Wayton f
1
filli
William
Margaret = Roger Giflford of Halsbury, Devon
John Walter Hugh Anne Joan Mary Elizabeth
Harl. MS. 1,538, folio 154b, contains a third version of
the Cobleigh pedigree : —
Elizabeth = John Coblye= Alice, d. of John Cockworthy
d. and sole heir of
Brightley, gave all
her inheritance to
John Cobley and his
heires. Sheeob.&p.
John Cobley =Joane, d. of
William Fortescue
Jacquett
ux. John Holwey
of Walton
William Holway
of Wayton
The three pedigrees given above are found to be incorrect
when tested by the Inq. p.m. held on John Cobele of
Brightele in 1492, and the brasses in Chittlehampton
Church.
1. Sir W. Pole's pedigree is shown to be inaccurate by the
brass in Chittlehampton Church, which proves that John
Cobleigh's wife Isabel was Bobert Cornu's widow.
2. The Visitation pedigree cannot be correct, because if
there were only two John Cobleighs the second of that name
could not have been the son of Isabell de Brightleigh, who
died in 1466, but must have been the son of the other wife.
This is proved by the Inq. p.m. on John Cobleigh in 1492,
2x2
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692
'giffard's jump/'
which shows that at that date John Cobleigh, the son of the
deceased John Cobleigh, was thirteen years old. It is clear,
therefore, that Isabel!, who died in 1466, could not have
been the mother of a boy who was only thirteen years old
in 1492. Assuming, therefore, that there were only two
John Cobleighs, it is clear that the mother of the second
John must have been the " Johanna uxor predictis Johannis
Cobleigh obiit ultimo die mensis Sep. 1480 " [brass in
Chittlehampton Church], because the younger John Cobleigh
must have been born in 1479, that is, the year prior to that
in which Johanna, wife of John Cobleigh the elder, died.
3. The HarL MS. pedigree is also incorrect, because,
(again) assuming that there were only tivo John Cobleighs,
the second of that name must have been, as I have just
demonstrated, the son of the second wife, Johanna, who was
living for nearly a year after the boy's birth, and not the
son of the third wife, Alice Cockworthy, as stated in the
manuscript.
I think the mistakes in these pedigrees are due to the
assumption that there were two and not three John
Cobleighs.
The pedigree should be, I think, as follows : —
Robert Comu = Isabell de Brightleigh=John Cobleigh = Johanna Pyne
ob. 1466 | No. I. ob. 1480, s. p.
Nicholas
0.8. p.
William
0.8. p.
John Cobleigh = Alice de Cockworthy
No. II.
ob. 1492
I
Jane Fortescue=John Cobleigh
I No. III.
Thomas
0.8. p.
Margaret = Sir Roger Giffard
Jaket=Holwey
of
Walton
William
My reasons for thinking that there were three John
Cobleighs are as follows : —
1. It is improbable that John Cobleigh, the husband of
Isabell de Brightleigh, whose first husband is believed to
have died in 1415, should have survived till 1492.
2. It is more probable that it was John's and IsabelTs
son who married Alice de Cockworthy, than that John, the
husband of Isabell and Johanna, married thrice,
3. It is scarcely possible that Isabell de Brightleigh would
have left her estate to her second husband and his issue by
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"giffard's jump." 693
another wife over the heads of her own offspring, and it
is significant that in the Inq. p.m. 1492, William Cornu
(IsabelTs son) and John Cobleigh are described as having
been jointly seized of Brightleigh. Had this John been the
widower of Isabell, he might have had a life interest with
remainder to Cornu, but is not likely to have been jointly
seized. I think, therefore, that this John Cobleigh and
William Cornu were half-brothers.4
From the foregoing observations it will be seen that
probably Brightleigh descended from the Fitzwarines to the
Cobleighs, from whom it certainly descended to the Giffards,
and I will now give brief abstracts of two post-mortem In-
quisitions on Sir Eoger and his wife. The Inq. p.m. on Sir
Roger Giffard is dated 15th October, 1 Ed. VI. (1547), the
year in which he was knighted,6 and states that he died
seized of the manor of Tapeleigh6 and lands in Westleigh,
held in capite of the Honour and Castle of Barnstaple, and
lands in Walden and Mylton Damerell, held of the heir
of William Courtenay, Knight, and lands and tenements in
Upcot and Hatherleigh, formerly held of the monastery of
Tavistock now dissolved
The "Lady Margaret Giffard" died the year following
her husband's decease, and the Inquisition on her death
shows that she possessed a very fine estate. She died
seized of the manors of Brightleigh, Stowford, Snape,
Wollacombe Tracy (see p. 690, note), Bremybridge, Nymet
St. George, and lands and tenements in Cobleigh7 and other
places.
4 In Chittlehampton Church is a very old stone which has always been
supposed to commemorate one John Doble, but I believe the first letter is
a C9 which would make it John Coble.
* I cannot but think that Sir Roger Giffard's success in life must have
been partly due to his having joined the Reform party, for it is scarcely
likely that Edward VI. 's advisers would have procured a knighthood for Sir
Roger had not the latter favoured the views of the Protector Somerset, and I
am confirmed in this opinion by the fact that a Roger Giffard, who must be,
I think, identical with Sir Roger Giffard, was appointed temporary custodian
of Hartland Abbey in 1534. See " The Story of Hartland," by Mr. R. Pearse
Chope.
6 Tapeleigh was another of Margaret Cobleigh's inheritances, and formed
no inconsiderable part of her estate. It appears to have belonged originally
to the Bauderopes, afterwards to the Tapeleighs, from whom it descended to
the Grants ana Cobleighs. It was apparently the residence of the eldest
son of the Brightleigh Giffards during the father's lifetime, and in the will
of John Giffard of Brightleigh, dated 1585 (Sir Roger's successor), the fact is
recited that Tapeley had been settled on his eldest son, another John Giffard,
on his marriage with Honora Erie.
- 7 Cobleigh is an estate in the parish of Lapford, and I should imagine was
the original patrimony of the Cobleighs before John Cobleigh married
Isabell FitzWarine, the heiress of Brightleigh.
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694 "giffabd's jump."
The pedigree of the Giffards of Brightleigh is recorded
in the Heralds' Visitation, 1620, and is as opposite: —
The " John Gyflard " who signed the above pedigree was
John Giffard who married Honor Erie As stated in the
pedigree, his eldest son Arthur was dead at the date of this
Visitation, and John Giffard died two years later, in 1622,
when his grandson, another John Gilford, afterwards the
famous Royalist and Cavalier of the Civil Wars, succeeded
to the estates at the age of twenty, having been born and
baptised at Northam in 1602, where his mother's family,
the Leighs — famous in the pages of Westward Ho! — then
resided at Burrough Court
One of the first acts of the young heir was to erect in
the Brightleigh aisle of Chittlehampton Church a very fine
Jacobean monument to the memory of his grandfather, but
also commemorating his four immediate predecessors from
the reign of Henry VIIL and their marriages by four
shields of Giffard impaling respectively : —
1. Cobleigh of Brightleigh.
2. GrenvUle of Stow.
3. Erie of Charborough.
4. Leigh of Burrough Court.
John Giffard's own arms, impaling those of his wife Joan,
daughter of Sir John Wyndham of Orchard Wyndham,
occupy a fifth shield on the monument, which is also
adorned with a full-sized effigy representing John Giffard
(the Colonel's grandfather), and also medallions representing
Sir Roger Giffard and his son John Giffard, together with
two small figures kneeling, who represent Arthur Giffard
and the John Giffard who erected the monument.
In each of the shields the arms of Giffard of Halsbury
are charged with a crescent as a mark of cadency.
The crest on this and other monuments in the church ia
a cock's head. The same crest, holding in its bill a sprig
of three leaves, appears on the fine coat-of-arms still to
be seen over the old porch at Brightleigh, which repre-
sents the marriage of Colonel John Giffard and Joan
Wyndham, and which must, therefore, have been erected
by him. And on the monument in St. Peter's Church,
Tiverton, the same crest [a cock] occurs over the Giffard
arms on the monument of Boger Giffard of Tiverton Castle,
who was fifth son of Sir Roger Giffard of Brightleigh.
These facts point conclusively to the user by the Giffards
of the cock's head as crest from the time of Sir Roger
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696 "GIFFARD'S JUMP."
Giffard, who was the common ancestor of the Brightleigh
and Tiverton G-iffards, and I cannot but think that the
omission to enter this crest at the Visitations, when the
arms were recorded, must have been due to an oversight.
The second crest which has been used by the family may
owe its origin to the grant of King Charles II., and may
have been intended as an " honourable augmentation," for
it first appears on the great family Bible given by
Charles II. to John Giffard of Brightleigh, but intended
for his father, the famous Cavalier, Colonel John Giffard,
who had died before the gift could be made.
The crest represents a demi-lion holding in the paws
a lozenge.
On the other side of the Bible is engraved, on a silver plate,
a monogram spelling "Charles Kex" and "John Giffard."
The helmet is open in front, and this fact may, not im-
probably, have reference to the selection of Colonel John
Giffard to be one of those nominated as knights of th6
« Royal Oak."8
Of this celebrated Cavalier it would be unsuitable to
attempt in this paper to give an exhaustive account, and
I must refer the reader to Prince's Worthies of Devon, to
Cotton's History of Barnstaple during the Civil War, and
to the documents in the Public Record Office and elsewhere
which throw light on his career. Suffice it here to state
that he was one of the first to attach himself to the Royal
cause; that he was present at mdst of the engagements
in the Civil War, more especially those in the West Country,
including the battles of Stratton, Landsdown (where he led
the Devon pikemen), and Torrington; and that he was "deci-
mated, sequestrated, and imprisoned," the amount of the
composition for his estate paid into Goldsmiths' Hall being
no less than eleven hundred and thirty-six pounds — a very
large sum for those days. Colonel Giffard survived the
Restoration, and, dying at Brightleigh, was buried in Chittle-
hampton Church on 21st December, 1665, his widow and
faithful partner in all his sufferings being buried eight days
later. Two highly prized relics of this distinguished soldier
are still preserved in the family : —
1. The Bible already referred to, which is bound in
morocco, with silver clasps, and very beautifully illustrated
with numerous coloured engravings.
8 The old motto of the Giffards is rui que fort, and appears on the
monument in Tiverton Church to Roger Giffard of Tiverton Castle, obiil
1603. The meaning is obscure.
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"giffard's jump." 697
2. A remarkable ring given by Charles I. to Colonel
Giffard, containing a concealed portrait of the King. This
ring is particularly valuable by reason of the fact that the
portrait is concealed, and also from its being the smallest
miniature of Charles I. which is extant. The ring is at
present owned by the Lord Chancellor, who is the great-
great-great-great-grandson of Colonel John Giffard. A full
description of this interesting relic was contributed by
Sir Harris Nicolas, K.C.M.G., and appeared in the Gentleman's
Magazine in the year 1823, vol. xciii., part ii. p. 37.°
I must now briefly sketch the fortunes of the Bright-
leigh Giffards from the point to which the Heralds'
Visitation of 1620 carries down the pedigree.1 Westcote
and Prince — the latter personally known to the family —
supply two more generations from this point, as under : —
Colonel John Giffard = Joan, d. of Sir John Wyndham
of Brightleigh I of Orchard Wyndham, co. Somerset
Susanna Bamfylde= John Giffard = Frances Fane, d. of the Roror
of Poltimore of Bright- \ Hon. Canon William [Succeeded to
leigh, b. 1639 Fane, 4 th son of the 1st Halsbury, ed.
d. 1712 [Ed. Earl of Westmorland at Wadham
at Oriel Coll. [She re-married at Coll., Oxon.,
Oxon. H.F.G.] Chittlehampton, 1715, student Lin-
Mr. Stephen Newell. — coin's Inn. —
H. F. G.] H. F. G.]
(See p. 680)
John Giffard =Clotworthy
of Brightleigh
The John Giffard last mentioned married Margaret
Clotworthy, of Eashleigh, and left an only child, Margaret,
married to Edward Courtenay, of Molland. She died, and
was buried at Molland, 1743, where a monument was
erected to her memory.
John Giffard, the father of Margaret Courtenay, having
predeceased his father in 1704, the latter, that is to say,
John Giffard the elder, resettled the Brightleigh estates, in
9 I cannot omit to mention, in connection with Colonel John Giffard, his
brother Arthur Giffard, the Rector of Bideford, who also finds a place in
Princk's Worthies of Devon, as well as in Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy.
To the authors mentioned I must refer the reader for an account of the
devoted loyalty of this pious and learned divine, who suffered great
persecution at the hands of the Parliament. At the Restoration he was
reinstated in his living at Bideford, from which he had been violently
ejected. He died, and was buried in the parish church at Bideford on
March 20th, 1668, without any monument
1 The descent from Colonel John Giffard to the present time has been
verified and recorded at the College of Arms.'
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698 "GIFFAKD'S JUMP."
tail male, on his eldest son, Henry Giffard, by his second
wife, Frances Fane.
Henry Giffard (who was in the Boyal Navy, and was
present at the battle of La Hogue) very unfortunately also
predeceased his father in 1709, and was buried at Chittle-
hampton. On the death of Henry Giffard in his father's
lifetime, Caesar Giffard the younger brother of Henry
Giffard, being also in the Royal Navy, hurried home and
fraudulently induced his old father, John Giffard the elder,2
to destroy the settlement he had made on Henry and his
heirs male, and to resettle the Brightleigh estates on him-
self, Caesar Giffard, on his marriage with one Mary
Melhuish, subject to the settlor's life interest.
By this unjust resettlement the male issue of the eldest
son, Henry Giffard, viz. John, Roger, and Henry the
younger, were debarred from succession to the Brightleigh
estates, and Caesar entered into possession8 some time after
the death of his father, John Giffard the elder, in 1712.
Caesar Giffard had two daughters, Rachel and Mary, born
respectively in 1712 and 1715. The elder, Rachel, married the
Rev. Thomas Colley, Vicar of Chittlehampton. Caesar Giffard,
however, did not prosper, but was drowned in the Torridge
in 1715, and was buried in Chittlehampton Church. Upon
the death of Caesar his trustees held the Brightleigh estates
in trust for his two daughters until the younger came of age,
which event occurred in 1736, when an attempt was made
to sell the property with a view to dividing the proceeds
between the coparceners. This attempt, however, was
actively opposed by the rightful heir, John Giffard (eldest
son of Henry Giffard), who was at that date thirty-seven
years of age, and this opposition entailed considerable
litigation, which continued for many years until the death
of John Giffard, the rightful heir, in 1746, who at the time
of his decease was actually engaged in endeavouring to
assert his rights at Westminster. He was buried at
St. John's Church in that parish, in November, 1746.
Upon the death of the John Giffard last mentioned, in
1746, a somewhat half-hearted opposition was continued
9 This John Giffard was buried in Chittlehampton Church, where there is
a flat stone to his memory.
* I have evidence that this act was disputed by the widow of Henry
Giffard, who heraelf appears to have lived at Brightleigh, after John
Giffard's death in 1712, for some time before her removal to Wotton. She
was Martha, d. of Edward Hill, Esq., Judge of the Admiralty Court and
Treasurer of Virginia, as is recorded on her tombstone in Chittlehampton
Church. She was buried 14th Sept, 1752.
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by the family until [and even afterwards by the late Sir
Hardinge Giffard] a sale of the Brightleigh estates was
effected in or about the year 1769.
1 will now revert to the history of the three disinherited
sons of Henry Giffard — John, Roger, and Henry Giffard —
the first of whom, as I have pointed out, asserted his rights
till the day of his death in 1746.
When John Giffard the elder, the father of Henry and
C«sar, died in 1712, he did not leave his three grand-
children altogether unprovided for,
To his eldest "dearly beloved grandchild and heir
apparent," John, the rightful heir, he left by will a very
comfortable estate in Atherington and High Bickington,
with a residence at Wotton.
To his second grandson, Eoger Giffard, who eventually
succeeded to Halsbury, as I have pointed out (see p. 680),
he left sufficient to pay for his education ; and for his third
grandson, Henry Giffard, a similar provision was made.4
John, the eldest grandson, on attaining his majority, entered
into possession of the Wotton property, where he had
resided as a youth with his mother, and had he lived might
possibly have succeeded in recovering the Brightleigh estates,
which had been illegally alienated from him.6 The Wotton
estate passed eventually by foreclosure to one Awse, a
solicitor, of Great Torrington, who had lent money to John
Giffard on mortgage to assist him in prosecuting his claim
on the Brightleigh estates. According to the allegations in
the Chancery proceedings, Awse had taken advantage of
John Giffard's youth in respect to this transaction and other
matters, including his choice of the profession of the law,
which Awse, with ulterior motives, induced him to enter.
He was twice married ; first to a widow lady named Newman,
who died leaving no issue, and secondly to a Mrs. Robinson,
also a widow, the daughter of an Irish gentleman, Arthur
CMorchoe, the head of the ancient family of O'Morchoe, of
Oulartleigh, co. Wexford.
John Giffard had visited Ireland as a witness in the
4 From this Henry Giffard descended two generations of sailors, the
second of whom was Captain Harry Giffard, R.N., whose daughter was
second wife to the Lord Chancellor's father, Stanley Lees Giffard, ll.d.
• Tapeleigh, which, as I have mentioned, formed no inconsiderable part of
the Brightleigh estates, was mortgaged by John Giffard, the father of Henry
and Cfesar, and it would appear that for some years the mortgagee, Mr.
Cleveland, was suffered to remain in possession until he eventually foreclosed.
In the Chancery Proceedings at the Record Office I find Cesar Giffard's
widow, Mary Giffard, attempting as next friend to her daughters to oust the
Cleveland*.
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700 "giffard's jum?"
great Annesley peerage case, and had there married Mrs.
Eobinson, by whom he left at his death, in 1746, one son,
John Giffard, who was born on 14th February, 1745, and at
his father's death was a baby in arms.
Thus deprived, almost at birth, of his father, and of his
mother and grandmother six years later, John Giffard the
younger was adopted by Counsellor Ambrose Hardinge (a
friend of his father), who brought him up as his own son
until he could help him no longer by reason of liabilities
incurred through an act of charity to a friend.
Deprived of all help from his friends and relations,6
John Giffard had to seek his own fortune, and steadily
setting himself to overcome the many difficulties which at
first faced him, he obtained while still a young man a lucra-
tive appointment in the Customs, and was subsequently
promoted to be Accountant -General of the Customs in
Ireland, his mother's country, in which he had been brought
up. John Giffard took an active and prominent part in
the politics of his day, and being a strong supporter of
the English Government he was the subject of much
misrepresentation from his political opponents, who, fearing
him, did not scruple to falsify facts and vilify the character
of their determined foe. A leading member of the Dublin
Corporation, John Giffard played an active part in all local
affairs. He was one of the earliest to join the Volunteer
movement, and the first company of Dublin Volunteers
was formed at his house. In 1793 he entered the Dublin
Militia, in which as a captain he did good work during
the Rebellion, proving himself a determined and efficient
officer. A few years later, while High Sheriff of Dublin,
he detected the Back Lane Parliament, and at risk of his
life entered alone and dispersed the meeting. John Giffard
married in 1769 Sarah, daughter of Mr. William Morton,
a gentleman of an English family resident in Ireland, and
dying was buried at Powerscourt in 1819. An account of
his remarkable and eventful career will be found in the
Gentlevian's Magazine, vol. lxxxix. part i p. 48 1.7
• It will be remembered that at the date of John Oiffard's birth, in 1745,
Margaret Courtenay, of Molland, his first cousin, had just died, and
although his uncle, Roger Giffard of Halsbury, still owned that property,
his own circumstances were too difficult and his family too numerous to
permit of his offering any assistance to his young nephew. Moreover, when
Mr. Hardinge's difficulties arose, Halsbury had been sold some years.
7 A monument was erected to his memory by his grandson Edward Giffard
in Chittlehampton Church, and commemorates also his son Sir Hardinge
Giffard, Chief Justice of Ceylon, who died in 1827.
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701
John Giffard of Drummarton, for that was the name
of his house at Dundrum, near Dublin, had two daughters,
both of whom married, and four sons :—
1. John Giffard, who died young.
2. Sir A. Hardinge Giffard, Chief Justice of Ceylon, who
left in 1827, with other issue, the late distinguished officer,
Admiral Sir George Giffard, k.c.b.
3. William Giffard (Lieutenant in 82nd Regiment), whose
gallant struggle for life and barbarous murder by the Irish
rebels at the age of seventeen will be found described in
Musgrave's History of the Irish Rebellion.
4. Stanley Lees Giffard, ll.d., Barrister-at-law, the father
of the present Lord Chancellor, with whose name I may
fitly terminate this sketch of the later representatives of
the Giffards of Halsbury and Brightleigh.8
To complete my outline of the history of the Giffard
family I must mention two younger branches of the
Brightleigh Giffards, of whom the first is the family of
GIFFARD OF INSTOW.
This younger branch was founded by Hugh Giffard, the
third son of Sir Roger Giffard of Brightleigh. The pedigree
recorded in the Heralds' Visitation of 1620 is as follows : —
GYFFORDE.
Hugh Gilford = Joan, d. of John Bam field
of St* Giles in com. Devon,
3 8. of Roger Gilford of
Brightley
of Poltimore9
Achilles Gifford= Dorothy, d. of
of Instow
Philip Holworthy
of Bridgwater
Ciceley = Ralfe Berry
d. k h. of Eastleigh
Margaret
II
1, Robt. Yeo
2, Lewis Pollard
Willmot Martha
II II
Lennard John
Pote Webber
(Signed) Achilles Gyfforde.
The second younger branch of the Brightleigh Giffards is
the family of
8 For further details of the pedigree I must refer the reader to Burke's
Peerage, but I may mention that the Lord Chancellor's elder brother, Judge
Giffard, was one of the County Court Judges for Devon. Wills, Parish
Registers, Chancery proceedings and other documents at the Public Record
Office, and a mass of old family papers in my possession, are my authorities
for the facts stated relative to the later fortunes of the Giffards.
• Westcotk in his View of Devonshire* p. 628, makes Hugh Giffard of
"Weare." This, I think, must be a mistake for Way. He also states that
Hugh Giffard '8 wife was daughter of Edward Bamfield. This, I think, is also
a mistake. '
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702 "giffard's jump."
giffard of tiverton castle.
This branch descend from Roger Giffard,1 fifth son of Sir
Roger Giffard of Brightleigh and Margaret Cobleigh hi*
wife.
In the reign of Elizabeth the estates at Tiverton of the
Courtenays, Earls of Devon, were sold, and Roger Giflard
secured by purchase one-eighth of the manor "apto cum
lare," in other words, with the castle. This occurred about
1580, or possibly earlier, for on a slab let into the wall
of that portion of the castle which was rebuilt by Boger
Giffard as a Tudor mansion are to be seen the following
letters and figures, which give the date of completion
as 1588 :—
R 1588 G
XXVI VII
Roger Giffard is placed by Prince in his gallery of
Worthies of Devon, who describes him as a " gentleman of
elegant form and comely presence of person, but of much
better accomplishment and endowments of mind."
Roger Giffard was married three times, and as the
marriages are incorrectly stated by Prince, it may be well
to record the facts.
The first wife was Audria, daughter of Lewis (?) Stukdy
of Afton, and relict of Yeo.
The second wife was Jone, daughter of John Hobbye, of
London, and relict of Richard Duke, of Otterton.
The third wife was Bichord, daughter of John Prowse, of
Tiverton, widow of Mr. Walrond of that place.
Roger Giffard died at Tiverton Castle, and was buried in
St. Peter's Church on 8th October, 1603, aged seventy yeara
A handsome monument with a Latin inscription, sm
adorned with his armorial bearings (quarterly), crest, and
motto (see p. 696), was erected on the north wall of tfw
chancel.
Roger Giffard appears to have taken an active part in
local affairs, and was one of the original trustees of
Blundell's School. ,
Roger Giffard was succeeded by his son, George Gm«w»
who in turn was succeeded by his son, another Rop*
Giffard, whose daughter married into the Burgoyne^ tamuj
and left two sons, who sold the castle to Mr. Peter West
1 Roger is stated to be the fifth son of Sir Roger Giffard of Bright on
the Tiverton monument.
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The Roger Giffard last mentioned was born in 1605, and
owned the castle when the memorable siege by Fairfax took
place. The defence was conducted by the military governor,
Sir Gilbert Talbot, but there is no reason to suppose that
Koger Giffard was not present, as he was a staunch Eoyalist
like his more famous kinsman [second cousin once removed],
Colonel John Giffard of Brightleigh, and I find that Roger
Giffard paid £150 as compensation to the Compounding
Committee.
Tiverton Castle2 is a cluster of buildings of different
periods, and was much added to by the first Roger Giffard,
after whom it was for some time called " Giffard's Court."
The pedigree of the Tiverton Castle Giffards appears in
the Heralds' Visitation of Devon, 1620, and is as follows : —
GYFFABD.8
Sir Rog. Gifford = Mary [sic], d. and h. of John Cobley
of Br
of Brightleigh
John Gifford Awdrie=Rog. Gifford =Jone, widow of
of Tiverton DukeofOtterton
4 8. a. p.
of Brightley d. of Sir Hugh [sic]
1 8. Stukeley of Afton,
and widow of Yeo
lw.
Geo. Gifford =Joane, d. of Tho. Hodgescot
of Tiverton I of Wedmore in Som.
living 1620
Mary = John Reskimraer Roger
of Cornw. s. and h.
set. 15
(Signed) Geo roe Gyffard.
Westcote gives Lewis not Hugh Stukeley, and adds that
the last Roger Giffard married a daughter of Roger Gatford
of Petherton near Halberton.
I have now finished my account of the Giffards, which,
though only a very incomplete sketch of one great branch
of that family, has taken much longer to prepare than
I anticipated, and for its undue prolixity I must make a
very humble apology.
3 It is, I suppose, needless to add that when Lord Halsbnry was elevated
to the rank of an earl he chose •• Tiverton" as his second title to commemo-
rate the historical association of his family with this ancient stronghold.
1 The Heralds' Visitations afford good examples of variety in the spelling
of the name " Giffard " and other names in the seventeenth century.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION
OF TOTNES.
Part II.
BY EDWARD WINDBATT.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
Since writing the first paper on this subject, which con-
cluded with a list of honorary freemen, five more have been
admitted, viz : —
Captain Francis Bingham Mildmay, m.p. for the
Southern or Totnes Division of Devon, in recogni-
tion of his distinguished military service in South
Africa as a Yeomanry officer. Appointed 25th
September, 1900. Admitted 9th November, 1900.
1901 Captain Francis Knowles Windeatt.
Private Thomas Light.
Private Sidney James Matters.
Private Arthur Williams.
In consideration of services in South Africa.
Captain Windeatt was officer of the local Volunteer Com-
pany (C) of the 5th Haytor Volunteer Battalion of the
Devonshire Regiment, and with three of the company
volunteered for service in South Africa, going out in
February, 1899; and on return home all were elected,
28th May, 1901, honorary freemen, and admitted 13th June,
1901.
In a cupboard at the Guildhall I have found a number
of strips of parchment, being the admission of freemen for
the borough from 1776 to 1834; most of them measure
twelve inches long by one and a half wide, and are all
stamped. The list includes the names of a number of
members of leading Devonshire families non-resident in
Totnes as well as resident. The freemen were the only
voters for members of Parliament for the borough.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION OF TOTNES. 705
The first is as follows : —
"BOROUGH OP TOTNES.
"The Court of Christopher Predam Esq. Mayor of the said
Borough held in the Guildhall of the said Borough the 16th day of
September 1776 Before the said Mayor and other the Masters
and Counsellors of the said Borough. At this Court came Hore
Browse Trist and was admitted and chosen into the Fraternity
and Brotherhood of the Guild Merchant of the said Borough and
was sworn well and faithfully to keep and observe all the usuages
customs and privileges of the said Borough and paid for his fine
as in the margin. "Sureties Browse Trist Esq.
Mr. Richard Cranch."
The stamp was 2s. Later the stamp was increased to
£2, and then to £3. Mr. P. F. S. Amery, in his paper on
" The Guild Merchant of Totnes," 1 refers to the charter of
17 John, 1215, in which the Guild Merchant is granted,
which became ultimately developed into the Mayor and
Corporation ; but the admission was continued down to the
passing of the Municipal Corporation Act, 1835, as to
the "Brotherhood and Fraternity of the Gild Merchant,"
and the persons admitted as freemen were free of tolls for
goods landed or shipped at the town quays.
The freemen admitted prior to the passing of the Eeform
Act of 1832 continued to vote for M.P/s for the borough.
It will be noticed the same persons appear to be admitted
as freemen, and then a short time after admitted again;
it would seem that there was some question as to the
legality of the first admission, and it was made right by a re-
admission.
The following is the list of persons admitted : —
1776.
Sept. 21.
Sept. 16.
Hore Browse Trist, Esq.
Mr. James Trist.
Mr. Alexander Popham
combe.
George Farwell.
Christopher Farwell.
Mr. John Taylor.
Arthur Farwell.
Lus-
Francis Buller, Esq.
Mr. John Mitchell.
James Amyatt, Esq., M.P. for
Totnes.
1777.
Aug. 7.
Mr. James Cranch.
Mr. Charles Rule.
1 Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. xii. p. 179.
VOL. XXXIV.
2
Y
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
706 THE MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION OF TOTNES.
1778.
July 24.
Mr. Thomas Lane, the younger.
Mr. Richard Jackson.
Mr. John Hannaford.
Mr. William Adams, the younger.
Afterwards M.P. for Totnes
and private secretary to
William Pitt
Aug. 18.
Mr. Thomas Welch.
John Wolston, Esq.
Sept 21.
Mr. James Harrison.
Mr. Thomas Mudge.
Francis Yarde, clerk.
Mr. Richard Jackson.
1779.
May 19.
Roger Birdwood, doctor of
physick.
May 24.
Arthur Farwell.
James Trist, clerk.
John Wolston, Esq.
Alexander Popham Luscomhe.
Thomas Welch.
Thomas Bartlett.
George Farwell, afterwards town
clerk of Totnes.
James Harrison.
Mr. John Taylor.
Mr. William Adams, the
younger.
Hore Browse Trist, Esq.
Mr. Charles Rule.
Francis Yarde, clerk.
Thomas Lane, the younger.
John Hannaford.
Richard Jackson, gent.
Christopher Farwell.
June 1.
Richard James Luscombe, gent.
Oct. 8.
Richard Birdwood.
James Richard Dacres.
John Hawkes.
Samuel Windeatt, the younger
(great - grandfather of the
compiler of this paper).
Samuel Lane.
Samuel Cuming, the younger.
John BlatchforcL
Oct. 13.
Mr. Thomas Luscombe.
Mr. Richard Manning.
William Ilbert, Esq.
Oct. 27.
Mr. John Alan Lyde.
1780.
Feb. 25.
John Wise, Esq.
April 4.
Mr. Benjamin Babbage, an-
cestor of Mr. Charles Bab-
bage, the inventor of the
calculating machine.
Sept. 4.
Lancelot Brown, the younger,
Esq., M.P. for Totnes.
Sept. 9.
Mr. William Rule.
Mr. James Luke.
1782.
Feb. 25.
Mr. Giles Welsford.
Oct 12.
Mr. Philip Goodridge.
1783.
July 11.
Mr. Robert Bundle.
Sept. 21.
Mr. John Searle.
John Amyatt, clerk.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THB MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION OF TOTNES. 707
1784.
March 27.
William Prestwood,the younger,
clerk.
Aprils.
Charles Philip Jennings, Esq.
Sept 20.
George Furlong Wise, Esq.
Mr. James Derry.
Mr. Mordecai Cockey.
Mr. John Dacres.
Mr. Richard Clarke.
Mr. Charles Pond.
Roope Ilbert, Esq.
Reynell Michell, gent.
Sept 21.
Mr. Thomas Hunt.
Nov. 13.
Richard Strode, Esq.
1785.
Sept 21.
James Templer, Esq.
1787.
Sept 21,
Mr. William Forord Michel!
1788.
Feb. 22.
Mr. Farmery Pridam Epworth.
May 24.
The Right Honble. William
Henry Vane, commonly called
Lord Viscount Barnard, M.P.
for Totnes.
Sept 21.
Mr. John Toms.
Mr. James Hodge.
Sept 29.
Francis Buller Yarde, Esq.,
M.P. for Totnes.
1789.
Sept 21.
Peregrine Ilbert, clerk.
Sept 29.
Mr. William Forord.
Oct 16.
Mr. John Moore.
1790.
June 18.
William Powlett Powlett, Esq.,
M.P. for Totnes.
Sept 13.
James Boys, Esq.
1791.
Aug. 8.
Thomas Lear, Esq.
Aug. 20.
George Baker, Bart.
Sept 21.
Mr. George Taylor.
Thomas Boys, clerk.
1792.
March 14.
Farmery Pridam Epworth.
Dec. 11.
John Taylor MichelL
Dec. 14.
Samuel Adams.
1794.
Oct. 10.
John Tarring, the younger.
1795.
July 20.
Thomas Hicks, Esq.
1796.
June 8.
The Right Hon. Lord George
Seymour, M.P. for Totnes.
July 11.
William Ilbert Birdwood.
Mr. William Bentall.
y 2
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
708 THE MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION OF TOTNES.
1797.
Oct 24.
Mr. Richard Marshall.
Walter Prideaux, gent.
John Taylor, the younger, clerk.
The Rev. Robert Hurrell
Froude.
1798.
Jan. 8.
Mr. William Dacres Adams.
Oct 3.
Edward Earle, clerk.
Oct 4.
Samuel Lane, clerk.
Richard Dacres, Esq.
Oct. 23.
Mr. Christopher Birdwood.
The Rev. William Kitson, clerk
Mr. Peter Birdwood.
Mr. Arthur Wise.
1799.
July 29.
Mr. Arthur Farwell, the younger
Aug. 16.
Mr. Arthur Taylor Michell.
Sept 21.
Baldwin Fulford, Esq.
Dec. 4.
William Searle Bentall.
1800.
Jan. 22.
George Pownall Adams, Esq.
July 17.
Christopher Farwell, Esq.
1801.
May 1.
Charles Taylor.
Sept 7.
Charles Michell.
1802.
Oct. 4.
William Yassall, Esq.
1803.
Sept 5.
Mr. George Farwell (son of
Arthur Farwell).
Sept 21.
John Berkley Burland, Esq.,
M.P. for Totnes.
Thomas Hore Taylor.
1804.
Sept 21.
Thornton Bentall.
1805.
Dec. 24.
Richard Paige.
1806.
Nov. 18.
John Blackall, doctor of physick.
1808.
Sept 21.
Mr. Henry Bentall.
1809.
June 26.
Mr. Charles FarwelL
Sept. 21.
Mr. William Adams Welsford.
1810.
Sept 21.
Mr. William Coysh.
Mr. John Toma
Mr. John Cole.
Mr. William Hannaford, junior.
Mr. Joseph Cuming, clerk,
Vicar of Totnes.
Mr. Charles Cornish.
Mr. Richard Stokes.
Mr. William Calley.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION OF TOTJfES. 709
Mr. John Oldrieve.
Mr. Thomas White Windeatt
(grandfather of the compiler
of this paper).
Mr. Edward Marshall.
Mr. Thomas Hamling Bent.
Nov. 2.
Mr. Aaron Tozer.
1811.
. Sept. 21.
William Marshall, clerk.
Dec. 28.
John Bentall.
1812.
Aug. 14.
Christopher Clarke Calley.
Walter Holman.
William Gill.
Ayshford Wise, Esq., M.P. for
Totnes.
William Doidge Taunton.
John Windeatt.
Richard Cole.
Francis Brooking Cuming.
William Floyer Cornish, clerk.
Sept 21.
Richard Cranch, the younger.
1813.
Sept. 21.
Thomas Peregrine Courtenay,
Esq., M.P. for Totnes.
1814.
Sept. 21.
John Searle, the younger.
1815.
Aug. 31.
Arthur Harry Farwell.
George Welch.
1816.
Sept. 4.
Samuel Cuming, the younger.
1816.
Sept. 21.
Thomas Fitzgerald.
1819.
June 30.
William Floyer Cornish, clerk.
George Welch.
William Doidge Taunton.
Christopher Clarke Calley.
William Marshall, clerk.
John Windeatt
Arthur Harry Farwell.
Oct. 15.
Charles Farwell, Esq.
1820.
Sept. 21.
Gilbert Northey Tompson.
1821.
Sept. 21.
John Oldrieve, the younger.
1822.
Oct. 21.
Thomas Peregrine Courteney,
Esq.
1824.
April 10.
William Bentall.
Sept. 25.
Henry Richard Roe, Esq.
John Bent, Esq., M P. for Totnes.
Oct. 16.
Charles Tudor.
Thomas Nelson Waterfield.
Joseph Blake.
1825.
July 25.
William Giles.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
710 THB MUNIMENTS OF THE
CORPORATION OP TOTNES.
Sept. 19.
John Prowse.
Thomas Bent, Esq.
John Searle.
Arthur Browse.
Samuel Mudge.
John Browne Paige.
Alexander Popham Luscombe.
1828.
Robert Wills Gill.
Jan. 4.
Thomas Tope.
Dacres Adams.
James Willis.
Oliver Anderdon, Esq.
Sept 19.
Edward Elton, Esq.
John Taylor.
John Lukin, Esq.
George Timothy Williamson.
Charles Blachford Rule.
Thomas Wilkinson.
Richard Roe Bignall, Esq.
William Courtenay, Esq.
Harry Carew.
Thomas Shore.
Francis Fulford, clerk.
1825.
Henry Bentall Adams.
Sept 19.
Sept 27.
Richard Soper.
William Marshall, the younger.
Samuel Holditch.
Baldwin Fulford, the younger.
Sept 21.
Charles Barry Baldwin, Esq.,
1829.
M.P. for Totnes.
Sept 26.
Oct. 22.
William Fabyan Windeatt
John Coghlan Fitzgerald.
(father of the compiler of
this paper).
William Roope.
1826.
July 17.
1830.
Joseph King, Esq.
Sept. 23.
John Matthew Gutch, Esq.
George Presswell, afterwards
Aug. 8.
town clerk of Totnes.
Thomas Field Savery, Esq.
1832.
1827.
Sept. 21.
Aug. 25.
Samuel Hannaford.
Richard Hurrell Frowde, Arch-
deacon of Totnes and Rector
1833.
of Partington.
March 6.
Sept 27.
William Thomas Bundock.
Nicholas Sumpter.
William Kellock.
1834.
William Adams.
June 14.
James Gay.
Charles Michelmore.
William Courtenay, Esq.
John Bentall.
June 23.
William Pitt Adams.
Sir William Elford, Baronet
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION OF TOTNES. 711
Sept. 8.
James Sumpter.
Charles Webber.
John Huxhain.
Jasper Parrott, M.P. for Totnes.
Philemon Cuming.
Lewis Jacobs.
James Willis, the elder.
Peter Nicholls.
James Hannaford.
Samuel Heath.
Samuel Huxham.
Richard Tucker.
Henry Cridland.
James Gill.
Richard Venning.
William Soper.
George Fitze.
John Sparke.
James Webber.
William Holberton.
William Hannaford, the younger.
Sept. 19.
John Yabbicombe.
William Hannaford.
James Sawyer.
Joseph Coombe.
John Evans.
William Webber.
William Taylor, the younger.
William Pinney Leach.
Thomas Ponsford.
William Gill.
John Fog will.
John Old.
Nov. 8.
Robert Charles Earle.
In addition to the books mentioned in the last paper
are the following: — 8a, quarto book bound in leather,
Mayor's Court Book, 1696-1759. No. 9 in the last paper
contains the record of the Mayor's Courts where this book
ends.
11a, Court Book with admissions of mayors and other
borough officers from 1772 to 1832. No. 12 in the last
paper is the book which continues the admissions from this
one.
13. Accounts for 1602 to 1650 in large folio leather-
bound book.
14 Accounts for 1651 to 1742, similarly bound. These
accounts have been collected and bound since the last paper
was published.
Deeds relating to Tenements in Totnes presented to the Corpora-
tion by Winsloto Jones, Esq., then of ExmoiUh.
A. 1 Sept. 5 Edward (1465) Richard Vaysy and Joan his wife
to John Hakewyll of Totteneys lease of a close in Ayss-
hawlle called Grayhyll for 64 years.
1465 John Hackwill Mayor of Totnes.
B. 26 Oct. 1 Richard 3 (1483) John Gassell to Geoffry Hakewill
Grant of all lands in Galmaton, Clifton Dartmouth
Hardeness Brixam and elsewhere in Devon.
Jeffery Hakwill Mayor 1488.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
712 THE MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION OF TOTNES.
C. 10 April 14 (1475) Geoffry hakwell and Joan his wife to
Richard Warde, Chaplain, Walter Colby, John Luscomb
and Alan Bolte Grant of all their messuages etc in Great
Totteneys.
John Hakewill Mayor (of Totnes) is the first witness.
Jeffery Hack will Mayor 1488.
D. 4 April 22 Richard 2 (1399) Henry Austyn called Brasuter
and Claricia his wife to John Bo]y of Buckfastleigh Grant
of a tenement in Great Tottenays below the gates there
lying between the tenement of the heirs of John Hodall on
the east side of the High St of the Borough of Tottenays
on the south side of the tenement which the said John
holds of the Abbot of convent of Buckfast on the west of
the foss of Tottenays Castle on the North and also a garden
in Great Tottenays beyond the Western gate in Harper's
Well Street : John Cozen Mayor of Tottenays is the first
witness. John Cozen Mayor 1398-9.
E. Feb. 14. Feast of St. Valentine 11 Henry 6 (1433) Matilda
widow of John Ayllamare to Richard Fulker. Grant of all
her Right in a messuage and Garden in Great Tottenays
near the north gate.
Henry Hart Mayor of Totnes 1 432-3 is the first witness.
F. Thursday after the feast of Saint Lucia, Virgin, 2 Richard 2
(1379) Agatha Thorlok of Totnes daughter and coheir of
John Thorlok to John atta Hale and Mabill his wife Grant
of all her share of a tenement below the gates of the
Borough of Totnes as therein described and also a rent
of 6c?. Walter Thorlok one of the witnesses.
G. Sunday after the feast of the Purification of the Virgin
3 Richard 2 same to same release of all claims. 1380.
John Cozen Mayor 1398-9.
H. Sunday after the Feast of the Conception of the Virgin
Mary Dec. 8. 22 Richard 2 (1399) Robert Marcys to
Richard Roundall Chaplain and Thomas Stacchaforde.
Grant of a close in Great Totnes as therein described.
John Cozen Mayor of Totnes is one of the witnesses.
John Cozen Mayor 1398-9.
The six follovring were given by Mr, Jones at a later date : —
I. Without date. Peter and William sons of Richard Hamalyn
grant to Michael de Mallaston and Florence his wife an
area which lies between a tenement which Matilda and
Gilda Hamalyn held and the tenement which Geoffry
Rogge once held which area is in length 8 feet towards
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
THE MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION OF TOTNES. 713
the street and from the town towards the ditch of the
Castle in breadth 47 feet under the rent of a pair of white
gloves at the feast of our Lord's Nativity and a farthing.
The prepositus of Totnes is among the witnesses. Two
seals with legend.
J. Without date. Gervase Neauaunt and Christine his wife
grant to Henry and William de Cobeton holders of bur-
gases in Totnes a messuage in the borough of Totnes which
is on the North side against the pillory of Totnes between
the road (street) which leads towards the north gate and
the messuage which Eobert de Mortacumbe once held on
the east side. Many witnesses.
K. No date, but probably Henry 3.
William le Yol to William parson of Totnes (1283) of
a garden. Prepositus of Totnes named.
L. Friday after the feast of St. Michael 16 Edward 2 Release by
William La Zouch to Walter Crocker his heir and assigns
of all his right in a piece of land in Great Totnes below the
north gate and lies between the tenement of Richard Scoz
son of Henry Milleward on the north part and the close of
the Lord of Totnes on the east part of the road which
leads from Totnes towards Dertyngton on the west and
south part. Many witnesses, dated at Eyton. Seal with
shield bearing a stag's head with a cross between the
horns.
M. Saturday after the feast of St. Dunstan 16 Edward 2 William
la Zouch lord of Great Totnes releases to John de Huddes-
don his heirs and assigns all his right to a piece of land in
Great Totnes between the tenement which the same John
formerly held of us on the south part and the tenement
which Walter Crocker once held on the north part and the
road which leads from Totnes towards Buckfast by the
north gate of the said town on the west part and the close
of the Lord of Totnes on the east side. Dated at Eyton,
and among other witnesses a Mayor of Totness (Henry
Delburn).
N. Monday after the Feast of the translation of St. Thomas the
Martyr 9 Henry 6.
Final agreement in full Court of Totnes between the four
Stalles (stanna) of the Guildhall before Henry Hart Mayor
of Totnes, the steward and others named ; between Richard
Tukker and Agnes his wife Plaintiff and William Clenene-
burgh clerk and others named beforehand and authenticated
by the seal of the Mayor and Commonalty of Totnes.
Seal in good preservation.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
714 THE MUNIMENTS OF THE CORPORATION OF TOTNES.
0. Monday in 15 days of Easter 31 Henry 6.
Another agreement made in the Court of William la Zouch
Lord of Totnes. Final agreement made before William
Rowe Mayor of Totnes and others named between John
Hakewell Pit and William Waryn and Cecil his wife
Defendants regarding a tenement and garden in Great
Totnes and authenticated by seal of the Mayor and Com-
monalty of Totnes.
Seal in good preservation.
The next part will contain a list of the rolls of the Gild
Merchant of Totnes.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
THE DEVONSHIRE "DOMESDAY/'
VI.
SOME NOTES ON PART I. OF " DOMESDAY" IDENTIFICATIONS.
BT THE RBV. OSWALD J. REICHBL, B.C.L. & M.A., F.S.A.
(Read at Bideford, July, 1902.)
The following notes are offered as a supplement to the
paper read last year by the writer {Trans, xxxiii. 607),
partly by way of explanation and partly of correction. The
writer desires to embrace this opportunity of expressing
his obligations to Mr. Whale for the loan of some transcripts
of Hundred Rolls, which were previously unknown to him.
These returns were referred to in the text as Whale's
Supplements.
W. 5. Brantona. The manor of Braunton Abbot, accord-
ing to Lysons, ii. 64, extends into the parishes of Marwood
and Ilfracombe. Braunton Gorges is another alias of
Braunton Satchvil. The manor of Braunton Arundel
(Lysons, ii. 8) is probably also included in W. 5, rather than
W. 261.
W. 12. Bodeleia. Lower or Nether Budleigh is the name
for Budleigh-Syon (Trans, xxii. 279), and Higher or Upper
Budleigh, or "the town," the name for Budleigh-Polsloe (Trans.
xxii. 283), reversing the text Yattington, alias Yettington or
Etonton, in the parish of Bicton, was included under Bodeleia
on the ground that in the fee lists it appears as held of the
Honour of Okhamton (Testa, 556, p. 180b, and 1,184, p. 191a),
whereas Bicton was held of the Honour of Plymton. All
the other estates in East Budleigh Hundred which are in-
cluded in the Domesday Bodeleia are found in the thirteenth
century held of the Honour of Okhamton {Trans, xxxiii. 619,
n. 19). In later times Yettington was held as part of the
manor of Otterton (Polwhele, ii. 227 ; Oliver, Mon., p. 256 ;
Trans, xxii. 269 and xxvi. 145, n. 5), to which it was probably
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
716 THE DEVONSHIRE "DOMESDAY."
a later addition {Trans, xxix. 223). Among other instances
of such additions ; in Queen Elizabeth's time, as the Hulham
Manor Bolls show ( Trans, xxvii. 424), Liverton was held of
the manor of Hulham, but at an earlier date the After-death
Inquest of 6 Eic. II. No. 28, p. 47, describes it as " Luverton
within the manor of Litelham held of the Abbot of Sher-
born." Again, Ellacombe, originally a part of Tor Mohun,
is described in a grant by Abbot Geoffrey of Tor in 1301
as being "within our manor of Wullebergh" (Oliver, Man.,
pp. 171, 179). Cocktree (W. 1057), which in Domesday
paid to South Tawton, is described in two After-death,
Inquests (of Wm. Wyke in 15 Hen. VIII. and of John Wyke
in 37 Hen. VIII.),. kindly supplied by Miss Lega-Weekes, as
held of his fee of Cadeleigh. Brixton (W. 617), in Domesday
an independent bocland, appears as a member of Hurberton
in A.-D. Inq. 33 Ed. I. No. 51, p. 197 (979) ; Woodford
(W. 636) in Shaugh was held of Totnes Castle (A.-D. Inq.
10 Ed. III. No. 51, p. 73 (1651)) ; Luppit (W. 718) as part
of the manor of Ottery Mohun (36 Ed. III. No. 38, p. 247
(2232) ) ; Broadhembury ( W. 765) as part of Great Torington
(A.-D. Inq. 45 Ed. III. No. 2, p. 312 (2389)). What is
more, estates belonging to different Honours when in the
same ownership are grouped together to form manors.
Thus A.-D. Inq. 19 Ed. II. No. 100, p. 329, names as
belonging to [West] Baddon of the Earl of Mortain's barony,
William the Seneschals Eastraddon (W. 1061), and the
Okhamton estates of Pennycot (W. 493), Sainthill in
Kentisbear (W. 452), and Blackborough Boty, alias Botiston
(W. 451) ; and as belonging to Nymet Tracey (W. 149), of
the Honour of Barnstaple, Hermanston ( W. 784), a Gloucester
fee, Marwood (either W. 897 a Torington fee or W. 968 a
Plimton fee), and Greenlinch (W. 1031), a Plymton fee. In
47 Ed. III. No. 65, p. 331 (2444), Stidcombe in Axmouth
(W. 524), an Okhamton fee, is said to be held of the manor
of Towsington (W. 841), the latter being of Braneys barony;
and in 15 Eic. II. No. 16, p. 133 (3538), Bradninch itself
(W. 864) is said to be held of Okhamton. In 50 Ed. III.
No. 6, p. 358 (2556) Pondsford (W. 447), an Okhamton
fee, is said to be held of Plymton Castle. And in 29 Ed. III.
No. 29, p. 192, Stoke Eivers held of Plymton, and Eiddle-
combe held of Gloucester, are said to be " as of the manor of
[Chil]loman," which was a Gloucester fee. For a description
of Hayes Barton see Trans, vi. 225.
Two places were altogether omitted which belonged to
Bodeleia: one Higher Withecombe, alias Withecombe
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
" DOMESDAY " IDENTIFICATIONS. 717
Boystocke, with the Chapel of St. Michael's (Val. Eccl.
Hen. VIII.), a manor which belonged to Polsloe Priory up
to the dissolution, and must not be confounded with Bystock
locally in Withecombe, but actually part of the manor of
Colaton Raleigh (W. 71b). Its value was returned in 1538
as £7 7s. 4d. (Oliver, Mon., p. 167), when that of Bradham
or Lower Withecombe was £10 bs. 5d. (ibid., p. 127). The
other omission is that part of Lydwic or the Ledge hamlet
which lies on the Ledge below the tenement of Kill. Of this
Ledge, otherwise called Prattshide or Prattshead — the name
Exmouth is not used of it before 1348 — the western section
lies within Kenton manor; the eastern section is partly
appurtenant to Chickston, partly to Bradham manor within
which the tenement of Bill is situated.48
W. 25. Depeford. Seemingly Kyllebery, alias Kilbury, in
Buckfastleigh parish (Trans, xxxi. 138; Oliver, Mon., 375),
ought to have been included under Depeford ; for in Orandi-
son's Registers, p. 1606, is a Charter of Edward de Cortenay,
Earl of Devon, dated 1 Hen. V., i.e. a.d. 1413, wherein the
"Earl of Devon renounces his right over Kyllebery to
William Abbot of Bucfast, the same having been granted
by King Edward, the present King's great-grandfather, to
Robert Abbot of Bucfast." The grant by the King points
to a royal lordship. The tenure by the Earl of Devon
excludes from the lordship of Hurberton.
W. 28. Plintona. The manors of Tiverton and Plymton
and the third penny of the fees from plaints in the county
of Devon were bestowed by Henry I. upon Richard de
Redvers, in return for the services rendered to himself in
his conflicts with his brother, Robert Court-heuse (Planch^,
The Conqueror's Companions, il 48 ; Trans, xxix. 457, n. 8).
Richard died in 1107. Planch^ contends that Henry L, in
effect if not in name, created him Earl of Devon (ii. 49).
Round (Feudal England, pp. 473, 486) maintains that
Richard's son Baldwin was the first Earl ; for Baldwin, six-
teen years after his fathers death, signed Henry I.'s charter
to Plymton not as Earl, but as Baldwin de Redvers. It
u The boundary between Rill and the manor of Chickston is a small stream,
which formerly flowed under Backlane and Grudge Alley to the bay south of
the railway station. This stream, having been fouled aa the cloaca of the
town, was covered over, and the lane and alley made ova: its course. The
ancient Chapel of St Margaret's was situate on this stream within the tenement
of Rill, and has given its name to Chapel Street It is now a butcher's shop,
hut still exhibits the stoup built into the wall. On the other side of the
stream within Chickston manor was the New Inn of Chappie's time, now
known as the Volunteer Inn.
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718 THE DEVONSHIRE "DOMESDAY."
seems admitted that the Eedvers, or Bivi&res, family are
descended from Osmund de Centumville, alias Cotenville,
Vicomte de Vernon, by a niece of the Duchess Gunnora
(Planch^, ii. 47, 204), and that they were called indiscrimin-
ately de Eivi&res or de Vernon. Richard de Eedvers, seem-
ingly the son of William de Eedvers, founded the abbey of
Monte bourg in 1080 (ibid., ii. 45), and probably received
the fief of Nehou, i.e. Neel's, or Nigel's, Hou, Holm, or Hoe,
when Nigel died without issue in 1092 (Planch^, ii 143).
For the descent of Plymton, see Trans, vii. 363.
W. 30. Elintona. It appears from Close Bolls of 3 Ed. IL,
quoted below (W. 344), that Wyndesore was held of Trematon
Honour, and from Ancient Deeds, A. 229, that Coffleet, alias
Cokflute, an outlier of Yealmton parish, was also held of
Trematon. A.-D. Inq. 18 Eic. II. No. 31, p. 182 (3842),
has Cokfete £ fee (Lysons, ii. 578). Both of these must
seemingly be included in Elintona.
W. 35b. Barnestaple. The boundaries between Barnstaple
and Pilton, set out by Bishop Lacy, are given by Oliver,
Man,., p. 245.
W. 35c. Lideforda. Although Lidford in the thirteenth
century included the Forest of Dartmore — for Testa, 1092,
p. 189a, says: "Earl Eichard holds Lidford with Dertmora
Forest for £10" (Trans, xxviii. 471, n. 17) — yet it is doubtful
whether any such connection existed before the year 1238,
when Henry III. bestowed Lidford with Dartmore Forest
on his brother Eichard (Dugdale, Baronage, L 762). A
century later a jury, in 1348, find that "the Quay, Passage
and Lastage at Pratshead at the mouth of the Exe and all
the profits arising therefrom were and are a parcel of the
fee farm of the City of Exeter as part of the manor of
Lydford, a member of the Dutchy of Cornwall, holden by
the said citizens at the yearly rent of £20 " (Jenkins* Eoceter,
p. 63). If Exeter had become a member of Lidford manor
in 1348 without being originally such, why may not Dart-
more Forest have been added also ?
W. 35d. Excestre. Doubts may be entertained as to
whether St. David's and St. SidwelPs were included under
the Domesday Excestre or under Wenfort Without St
David's, or, as the manor is called, Duryard (Trans, xiv. 413,
420, 441), and without St. SidwelPs it seems impossible to
account for the 960 acres which Domesday states were culti-
vated by the citizens, of which 2 \ acres of land — i.e. 2\ acres
in each shot of each field, equivalent to 300 acres — are stated
to have been held by St. Peter's Church, " intermixed with
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"DOMESDAY" IDENTIFICATIONS. 719
the land of the burgesses." The City, moreover, appears as
the owner of Duryard, or Doryerd manor as early as 1186
(Oliver, Mon., p. 153), and St. Peter's Church as owning St.
Sidwell's, when it is first heard of. In the thirteenth century
the canons claimed exemption from the City's jurisdiction
for their tenants in St. Sidwell's, but the award given in
1248 was that the City's jurisdiction extended to all the
tenants of St. Sidwell's (Jenkins' Exeter, p. 42 ; Freeman's
Exeter, p. 157). On the other hand, St. David's and St.
Sidwell's were both anciently chapels of Heavitree (Trans.
xxx. 231, n. 497). This fact led the writer previously to
include them in Wenfort. A portion of St. David's above
Exe Island, called Bogeleg in Testa (1351, p. 194b), but
usually St. Nicolas' fee (Oliver, Mon., p. 115), was given by
the Conqueror to Battle Abbey.
Whatever view may be taken in regard to St. David's and
St. Sidwell's, probably St. Leonard's, and certainly the river
Exe, ought to be included under Excestre; for (1) St.
Leonard's was settled in 1222 as one of the nineteen parish
churches of Exeter (Bronescombe, p. 451) ; (2) Baldwin de
Redvers confirmed to St. James' Priory two acres of land in
St. Leonard's, given to it by Avicia de St Leonards.44 This
shows that Baldwin de Redvers was overlord of St. Leonard's
at the time. Now Baldwin de Redvers was overlord of
Exeter in 1135, when he defended Exeter Castle on behalf
of the Empress Maud, after which he was exiled by Stephen
and not restored before 1154, on the accession of Henry II. ;
but Baldwin de Redvers was never overlord of Wonford.
Therefore there is a strong presumption that St. Leonard's
was part of Exeter, not of Wonford. If, as stated by Oliver,
the date of Redvers' grant to St. James' was 1145, when
Exeter and its castle were held by Henry de Blois, Bishop
of Winchester, we wonder how the grant of St. Leonard's
can have been confirmed by Redvers. In 1537 St. Leonard's
was not included in the county of the city (Polwhele, ii. 28),
when the city was made a county of itself. At that time
St. David's and St. Sidwell's were included (Freeman's Exeter,
p. 118), but this was an artificial arrangement
As regards the river Exe, it was found by a jury in 1286
(Jenkins' Exeter, p. 51) that "the river of Exe is the pro-
perty of the King in the right of the City of Exeter from
44 The charter in Oliver, Mon., p. 192, is addressed to Bishop Robert
father Chichester, 1128-1150, or Warelwast, 1150-1159] by Baldwin de
Redvers, which limits the date to either 1135 or 1154.
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720 THE DEVONSHIRE "DOMESDAY."
Chickston [at Exmouth] to the bridge of the said City called
ISxebridge."
W 39. Tauetona. This was a Mortain fee. For King
John in confirming to Canonsleigh Priory in 1202 a
grant of the rents paid by four men at Allingeston in
South Taw ton (Trans, xxvi. 163) states that the original
grant was made by him when he was Earl of Mortain
(Oliver, Mon., p. 228). In the original grant by King John
in 1200 of " Aelrichescot within the Parish of South
Tawton," and the charter following of Eoger de Toeni,
which Miss Lega-Weekes has unearthed (Chancery CharUz
Antiquce, Boll £. R, Nos. 18 and 19), the same statement
is repeated. If, as now seems most probable, Ghiderleie
(W. 271) represents Gidleigh, Gidleigh cannot have been
originally included in Tauetoua, but must be a later addition.
Gidleigh was certainly in South Tawton Hundred ; for a
document discovered by Miss Lega-Weekes, which appears
to be the return (veredictum) made by South Tawton
Hundred jury to the Articles of Enquiry (Trans, xxxiii.
576) addressed to it in 3 Ed. I., names " Gyddelegh as held
of old time of the King in fee for 72s. Id." (cf. Trans, xxix.
468, No. 75).
Among the muniments in the manor of Itton in the
possession of John Sampson, Esq., of Polsloe Road, Exeter.
which Miss Lega-Weekes has had the privilege of examining,
is the original grant creating the manor of Itton in 1262.
Koger de Tony grants to William Mohun, son of Lord
Mohun, in free marriage with his kinswoman (consanguinea)
Julia, £10 13s. (? 17s.) worth of rents in South Tawton
consisting of 38s. 6d. from eight tenements in Itton
(Yydeton), 10s. fid. from two tenements in Endacot (Yonde-
cote), 15s. from one tenement in Serslond (SerchyslondeX
15s. from two tenements in Colleford, 10s. from two tene-
ments in Powlesland (Polyslond), 20s. from one tenement in
Nymet, 35s. from eight tenements in Lovaton (Luffeton),
10s. from one tenement in Trendlebeare, 13s. from one
tenement in Youldon (Oldedone), 10s. from two tenements
in Wickington (Wykyndone), 20s. from four tenements in
Taw (Towe), and 20s. from three tenements in Collybeare
(Colebere).
The writer believes that he was in error in identifying
the Ailrichestona of the Pipe Eolls (Trans, xxix. 460,
468) with Easton in Cheriton Bishop (Trans, xxxiii 570,
n. 34). No doubt Easton in Cheriton Bishop is the
Alrichestona of Testa (268, p. 177b), the Aereston of
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
" DOMESDAY " IDENTIFICATIONS. 721
Burton (Feudal Aids, 49, p. 346) ; but that Alrichestona
was held of the Honour of Gloucester (Trans, xxxiii. 401,
n. 4), whereas the Ailrichestona of the Pipe Rolls was a
Queen's estate. Mr. Whale suggests that the Ailrichestona
of the Pipe Rolls lies in South Tawton (Tram, xxxiii. 392)
and identifies it with Alison. The writer prefers to identify
it with Easton in Chagford (1) because by analogy the name
of the other Alricheston hats become Easton; (2) because
its value is returned as 50s. (Trans, xxix. 460), whereas
that of Alison is given as 20s. only ( Trans, xxxiii. 404) ; and
(3) because in a passage quoted by Mr. Whale (ibid., p. 394)
it is associated with Great or Hamston Wick in Chagford :
Ric. Malherbe " holds Wycham and Aylrichestona by £12
at the Exchequer." This connection will probably explain
why Wicha is not mentioned in one list in which Alriche-
stona occurs (ibid., p. 392). If this suggestion is correct,
both the Queen's Aylrichestona and her Wick (ibid., p. 401,
n. 4), written Quenwke in Kalendar of Papal Registers and
Quenewyk in Pedes Mnium (Index, p. 75), i.e. the Queen's
Wick (correcting Trans, xxviii. 465, n. 4), and now generally
known as Hamston or Great Wick, ought to be included
under Tauetona.
Miss Lega-Weekes has also been good enough to point
out to the writer that the passage quoted (Trans, xxxiii. 614)
from the Close Rolls of Hqnry III. applies to Wyke in Sussex,
not to Northwyke in South Tawton. It should, therefore,
be struck out.
The family of Toeni or Tony, descended from Mahaluc,
uncle of Rollo, Duke of Normandy, held the office of
standard-bearers of Normandy and were Seigneurs de
Conches. Raoul or Ralph II. de Toeni, the grandson of
Roger de Toeni, was a companion of the Conqueror, and
died 24th March, 1102, his son Roger having predeceased
him (Planch^, i. 217, 226). Roger de Tony, who married
Constance, the heiress of South Tawton (Trans, xxix. 460,
n. 17), about 1190, was probably descended from a collateral.
W. 44. Hertitona. This estate was the lordship barton of
the barony of Hartland, and included the greater part of the
parish of Hartland, and also part of Woolfardisworthy.
That barony, as the editors of Risdoris Notebook, p. 76,
observe, was created in favour of a Breton family which
came with the Conqueror from Dinant, and bore in conse-
quence the name of de Dinant, or de Dinham (Dugdale,
Baronage, i. 513 ; Oliver, Mon., p. 204). The Conqueror gave
to Oliver de Dinant the manors of Nutwell, in Woodbury
vol. xxxiv. 2 z
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
722 THE DEVONSHIKE "DOMESDAY."
(W. 1103) and Harpford (W. 12), and Oliver gave Harpford
to the monks of Dinant in Brittany, a daughter-house of
Marmoutier, alias St. Martin of Tours (Testa, 1347, p. 194a).
His son, the elder Galfrid (Oliver, Mori., p. 207), who possessed
Hartland in 1122, gave "to the monks of Marmoutier two
manors in England with consent of his wife Orvieldis, his
son Oliver, and his other sons" (Round, Calendar of
Documents in France, p. 427) ; and Galfrid's brother Oliver,
with the assent of his son Galfrid, also made a grant to the
same house (Oliver, Mon., p. 207). In 1165 the younger
Galfrid de Dinan appears to have held the barony {Trans.
xxix. 484, n. 41). In 1185 Oliver de Dinan granted to the
monks of Marmoutier certain lands in England, viz. Nothoella
(Nutwell) and Helpefort (Harpford) (Round, loc. cit., p. 428).
In 1204 Oliver de Dinan claimed Hartland (Rot Fin. 6 Joh.
m. 12) and eventually recovered it, but died before 1220
(Close Rolls, 5 Hen. III. m. 5). In 1234 (Testa, 1036,
p. 188a, and 1394, p. 195b, Trans, xxix. 503), and in 1241
(Testa, 359, p. 179a; 1211, p. 191b) Galfrid de Dinan was
the holder of the barony. On Galfrid's death in 1258 his
son Oliver, born 1234, succeeded (Rot. Fin. 43 Hen. III.
m. 10).46 He died in 1279, leaving by his wife Mary, daughter
of Hugh Courtney of Hanington (Plac. Quo. Warr. 8 Ed. I.,
Somerset Rot. 62), a son Oliver, who in 1273 married
Isabella, daughter of Hugh de Vere, Earl of Oxford, and
widow of John Courtney, of Okhamton, and died in 1298
(Rot. Orig. 27 Ed. I. Rot. 6). His son Josce, born 1274
(A.-D. Inq. 27 Ed. I. No. 42, p. 149), succeeded. He
married Margaret, daughter and heiress of John de Hidon,
and died in 1300 (A.-D. Inq. 29 Ed. I. No. 56, p. 169),
leaving issue two sons, John and Oliver. John, the elder,
his heir (Oliver, Mon., p. 210), came of age in 1316 (Pari.
Writs, 10 Ed. II. Pt. 1, p. 535, n. 1) and died in 1332
(A.-D. Inq. 6 Ed. III. No. 59, p. 49), leaving by his wife
Margaret (A.-D. Inq. 6 Ed. III. No. 7, p. 438 in vol. iv.), who
survived him till 1357 (A.-D. Inq. 31 Ed. III. No. 43, p. 203),
a son also called John II., who married Muriel, sister and
co-heiress of Hugh Courtenay (A.-D. Inq. 46 Ed. IIL No.
70, p. 327), daughter of Sir Thomas Courtenay (see A.-D.
Inq. 43 Ed. III. No. 70, p. 297). She predeceased him in
1369, when her share of the Courtenay estate, including
King's Kerswell, was assigned to her son John IIL (Rot
45 For this reference and several others referring to MSS. I am indebted to
the editors of Tristram RiadorC* Notebook.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"DOMESDAY" IDENTIFICATIONS. 723
Orig. 43 Ed. III. Hot. 11). He died himself in 1382 (A.-D.
Inq. 6 Ric. II. No. 28, p. 47). His son John III. de Dinan
had the privileges granted to his ancestors Galfrid and
Oliver de Dinham in Buckland and Hartland confirmed to
him (Rot. Lit. Pat. 16 Ric. II. m. 16). This John possessed
half of Sir Thomas Courtenay's estate in right of his mother
and a quarter of Mules' estate in right of his maternal
grandmother (A.-D. Inq. 43 Ed. III. No. 24, p. 295), and died
in 1428 {A.-D. Inq. 7 Hen. VI. No. 56, p. 122), leaving issue
a son, John IV. de Dinan, and a daughter Philippa, married
to Thomas Beaumont. John IV. married Jane, daughter
and heiress of Richard Arches, and died in 1457 (A.-D. Inq.
36 Hen. VI. No. 39, p. 273), leaving issue by her, John V. de
Dinham, Lord High Treasurer of England (Oliver, Mon.,
p. 213), and four daughters, viz. Elizabeth, wife of Fulk
Bourchier Lord Fitzwarren; Joan, wife of John Lord
Zouche; Margaret, wife of Sir John Carew of Mohun's
Ottery; and Catherine, wife of Sir Thomas Arundel of
Lanhern. On the death of the Lord High Treasurer
without surviving issue the barony fell between the co-
heiresses, two of whose representatives, Carew and Zouche,
sold their shares, whilst the Earl of Bath, Elizabeth's heir,
and John Arundel of Lanhern, Catherine's heir, retained
theirs.
W. 47. Baverdone. This includes the ferling of land and
the wood at Warham, which Hawisia de Redvers gave to
Hartland Abbey (Oliver, Mon., p. 207).
W. 50. Chentona. It may be well to state here that
Eddida, who appears as the holder of several of the Earls'
lands, was the daughter of Earl Godwin (who died in 1053),
the sister of Earl Harold, and the widowed consort of Edward
the Confessor. She died December, 1074 — Mr. Round says
in 1075 (Feudal England, p. 148) — and appears to have re-
tained possession until her death. Her mother Githa was
sister of Sweyn, King of Denmark.
W. 52. Mollanda. It appears (from Trans, xxxiii. 157,
159) that Molland Botreaux included Smalecombe, and
(from Oliver, Mon., pp. 122, 125) that it included Loftokes-
hole, alias Lefehelehale, the property of St. Nicolas Priory,
which is perhaps identical with Luckworthy. According
to Testa, 368, p. 179a, it was held of the Honour of
Wigmore, in Herefordshire.
W. 57. Cli&tona. It should have been stated that Killer-
ington (Kirby, 414 in Feudal Aids, p. 333) is the old name
for Frances Court (Lysons, ii. 116). Lysons (ii. 115) men-
2 z 2
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
724 THE DEVONSHIRE "DOMESDAY."
tions a Langacre in Broad Clist, but the writer can find
no other authority for such an estate, nor is it known to
the present vicar.
W. 62. Alfirvtona. This includes Marsh Barton and the
manor of Marsh Combe, held by Plymton Priory (Oliver,
Mon.t p. 146 ; Trans, xiv. 435).
W. 69. Wodeberie. The manor in Woodbury village,
held by St. Michael's Mount, and now by the Priests
Vicars of Exeter Cathedral, according to Lysons (ii. 572),
bears the name of Halstow (White's Directory, 1850, p. 2).
W. 70. Coletona. This name includes not only Colaton
Raleigh, the manor-house, of which is called Place Barton
(Trans, vi. 225; xxx. 176), but also Colaton Abbot and
Kingston in Colaton Ealeigh parish. In Testa, No. 370,
p. 179a, Trans, xxx. 225, the abbot of Dunkswell, Wymond
de Ealeigh, and Ralph de Springham held the three manors
of Nicolas Meryet. The abbot of DunkswelTs manor was
given to the Abbey by William Brewer (Oliver, Mon., p. 396;
Trans, xxii. 261). Brewer must therefore have acquired
it before 1241.
W. 73. Espice Wite. It appears from Trans, xxxiii. 172
that the tithing of Spitchwick included Lower Catrow, alias
Cator, two tenements in which belonged to Bucfast Abbey
(Oliver, Mori., p. 375). Spitchwick was one of the fees of
the Somersetshire Honour of Stoke Curey, or rather of
William Meschin's barony, which was held with Stoke
Curci in 1166 (Lib. Nig., 91). William Meschin (i.e. the
younger or junior, according to Planch^, The Conqueror's
Companions, ii. 267), was the son of Randalf, Vicomte of the
Bessin and brother of Randalf, Earl of Chester (Round,
Feudal England, p. 187),46 and was the maternal grandfather
of William de Curci (Round, p. 222 ; Stapleton, Holy Trinity
Priory, York, p. 35), who held the barony of Stoke Curci
in 1166, William's mother being Avicia de Rumilly (Round,
p. 475).
The founder of the family was Robert, third of the six
sons of Baldric the German (Planche, The Conqueror's Com-
panions, ii. 84), who took the name from his inheritance
of Courci-sur-Dive, and accompanied the Conqueror to
this country. His son Richard married a lady named
Guadelmodis, and was "le Sire de Courci" present at
Hastings (Planch^, ii. 85), rewarded by the Conqueror with
46 Was this the ancestor of Ranulph, Earl of Chester, who witnessed a
deed in 1206 in Oliver, M(m.t p, 347 ?
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"DOMESDAY" IDENTIFICATIONS. 725
the barony of Stoke. From him are descended William de
Courci, of the Black Book, the famous John de Courci,
Earl of Ulster, and the present Lord Kingsale.
The other Devonshire estates which were held with this
barony are Westbray (Kirby, 292 in Feudal Aids, p. 326),
Warkleigh, South Bray, and Blackpole (Kirby, 293, ibid.;
Testa, 847, p. 183b), which are probably represented by
the Domesday Braia (W. 1084). According to Collinson
{Somerset, i. 249), William de Curci's daughter Alice
married Warin FitzGerold, and brought the barony to him
in Henry Ii.'s reign. They had issue two daughters,
(1) Margaret, wife of the younger Baldwin de Bed vers, and
(2) Joan, wife of Hugh de Nevil. Nevil ultimately suc-
ceeded to the barony, and his daughter and heiress carried
t to Robert de Walerand.
Under W. 76. Gedelintone. From the Cartulary of Buck-
fast Abbey, in Grandison's Registers, it appears that a
considerable portion of the parish of Buckfastleigh belonged
to Valletorta, and formed part of the barony and manor of
Hurberton. William Crocke, of Crocketune, held one such
estate at Bridge (Grandison Registers, 1573). His four
daughters — Oresia, the wife of Robert de Coletune (Grandi-
son, 1574), Turkesia, who is called a widow (ibid., 1575),
Alice de Luneworthy, also a widow (ibid., 1575), and Alured
de Alnythecot (ibid., 1577), who seemingly was the fourth
daughter's heir, since his charter deals with the same estate
of Bridge — conveyed their interest to the Abbey (Trans.
xxxi. 137). Urglas de Holne conveyed his land of Hosefen,
alias Hewson, " which I hold of Rainald de Valletorta in
South Holne/' to Nicolas de Laya (ibid., 1578, 1598).
Nicolas granted the same to Robert de Hylion, and Robert
de Hylion conveyed it to Buckfast Abbey, reserving a rent
of a pound of wax and sixty gallons of wine (ibid., 1579).
Richard le Prouz, and Margaret, his wife, conveyed to
Sir Hugh le Prouz, and Matilda his wife, the share accruing
to them of the reserved rent, viz. a pound of wax, with
remainder to themselves if said Hugh and Matilda should
die without issue (ibid., 1581). Ralph de Valletorta con-
veyed to the Abbey all his woodland in the manor of Holne,
his aldergrove and preserves, which included Hembury
Castle (ibid., 1586). This evidence somewhat modifies the
statement in Trans, viii. 819. Hundred Rolls of 4 Ed. I.
say :—
" Roger de Valletorta held the barony of Hurbertone with its
members of our lord the King in chief . . . and the same barony
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
726 THE DEVONSHIEE "DOMESDAY."
is now in the King's hand by the death of the said Roger ; of
which barony the Abbot of Bufestria holds Southolne by gift of
Richard Bauceyn who was a feof holder of the barony of Hurber-
tone and gave the same to the Abbot in the 45th year of King
Henry [III.] the present King's father [a.d. 1260]. Also Isabella
de Bodetone gave the land of Bodetone within the manor of
Hurberton to Bottemescumbe Hospital [in Ufculra]. . . . They
also say that the Abbot of Bufestria holds 100 acres of wood at
Southolne within the manor of Hurberton, which Ralph de
Yalletorta brother of the lately deceased Roger gave to the Abbot
in the 42nd year of King Henry the present King's father
[a.d. 1257]."
The manor of Mainbowe, alias Brook (Trans, xxxi. 122,
Oliver, Mon.t 376), must also have been Valletorta's. For
Scoriaton was held of it (ibid., p. 128), and Reginald de
Valletorta, son of Roger de Valletorta, conveyed" the whole
land of Scoriatone and de la Leghe" to Osbert Mugge
(Grandison Registers, p. 1609). Also Chalvelegh, a portion
of which Reginald de Valletorta conveyed to Osbert Corbyn
(ibid., p. 1609). The manor of Stokenham was sold by
Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon, to Edward Ameredeth, and
by his son Thomas, in 1608, for £5,600 to Sir George Cary
(Trans, xiv. 450).
W. 88. The lands settled by the Conqueror on Queen
Matilda, whose baptismal name is stated to have been
Edith (Planch^, L 255), had reverted to the Crown on her
death on the 2nd November, 1083, before the date of Domes-
day. Professor Freeman alleges that Matilda, before her
marriage with the Conqueror, had been the mother of
Gherbod the Fleming, Earl of Chester, and of his sister
Gundrada, the wife of William de Warren, founder of
Lewes Priory (Planch^, The Conqueror's Companions, i. 135).
These lands, together with the Honour of Gloucester, were
bestowed by William Rufus, in 101*1, on Robert fitz Hamon,
elder son of Hamon, Sheriff of Kent, the Conqueror's house
steward and grandson of the Hamon aux-Dents, lord of
Thorigny and Creulli, who was killed in the battle of Val-es-
Dunes in 1045 (ibid., ii. 242). It is probable that Hamo
the Sheriff was the Sire de Cr&vecoeur, and that his younger
son Hamo was the progenitor of Hamon de Crivecoeur, who
in Richard I.'s reign married Maude d'Avranche, the heiress
of Folkestone (ibid., ii. 243).
W. 91. Bedeforda. Besides the town and manor of Bide-
ford, the Domesday Bediforda included Upcot manor, in
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"DOMESDAY" IDENTIFICATIONS. 727
Bideford parish, with Alfordscot, Bouden, Hedgefen, Jannets,
and Winsford (Trans, xxxiii. 152, 157, 168).
W. 92. Liteham. Besides the township of Littleham,
next Bideford, this manor included also Hele and Westbele
(Trans, xxxiii. 156, 165, 168).
W. 93. Langetrewa. This manor includes the outlier of
Alscot, next Buckland Filleigh.
W. 99. Bichentona. This name is not confined to the
three subordinate manors of Bickington Clavil, Bickington
Loges, and Langleigh, but represents the great manor of
Womberleghe, Wimbeleghe (Trans, xxix. 246, n. 7), or
Umberleigh, which, according to Lysons, ii. 18, extended over
Atherington and the adjoining parish of High Bickington. It
included, besides Bickington Clavil and Bickington Loges,
Stowford and Snape, Pyncombe's Charity manor, High
Bickington Green, North and South Hole and Bickington
Kectory manor, alias Corpsland (Lysons, ii. 45), together with
Atherington village, Wootton, Buryate, alias Boriat, Langridge
and Eastacombe (ibid., ii. 19)— all Atherington, in fact, except
Umberleia (W. 258).
W. 99b. Bichendie. This probably represents Langleigh,
the outlier of High Bickington next Tawstock, called in
Pedes Finium (Index-page 71) Westera Langeleye next
Womberleghe.
W. 103. Aisbertona. We have the analogy of Avra (W.453,
p. 484), now Weaver, and Alwi's town (W. 770c, 1076), in
the fee lists written Webezton and now Aston, to confirm
Aisbertona's being Washburton. The old parochial bound-
aries show three Washburtons: (1) Higher Washburton,
a large outlier of Ashprington; (2) Middle Washburton,
a small part of Halwell parish ; and (3) Washburton House,
an outlier of Hurberton parish. It seems incontestable that
the King's, sometime Harold's, Aisbertone must have been
Higher Washburton inclusive of Ashprington. For (1), as
the late Mr. Worth pointed out (Trans, xxv. 313), a feature
of it was its having two fisheries. It therefore must have
had a sea- board, which neither Hurberton nor Halwell has,
but which Higher Washburton has in Ashprington ; and
(2) we know from Judhel's gift to Totnes Priory that
Judhel possessed Ashprington in 1090,*7 and from the
Taxation of Pope Nicolas that Totnes Priory possessed it
in 1288 A.D.48
47 Trans, xxix. 234, n. 17.
48 Hingeston-Randolph's Registers, Bronescombe, p. 478: Prior Totonie
habet Apud Preatone xf8 Aput Ashprington (s.o., lxiy*. ii\jd).
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
728 THE DEVONSHIRE "DOMESDAY."
W. 105. Critetona. According to Polwhele, ii. 87, the
parish of Crediton, one of the four parishes wholly or
partially included in the Domesday Critetona, is divided into
eight tithings, viz. Canon fee, the Borough, Town tithing,
Yewford, Yewton, Woodland, Knowle, and Kudge. Norden's
map in 1598 confirms this statement. The grant dated
15th May, 37 Elizabeth, conveys to Killigrew " the lordship,
manor and borough of Kirton," "the lordship lands at
Knowle and all manorial rights over Credyton, East
Credyton, West Credyton, Canon Credyton, St. Laurence,
and Credyton Borough." Kirby, 499, 500, in Feudal Aids,
p. 337, shows that the two Knightons in Morchard Bishop
are in Crediton Hundred, but Kowlstone is in Witheridge
(Burton, 143, ibid., p. 348).
W. 106. Taintona. In addition to the places named, the
Domesday Taintona includes Waddon in Chudleigh (Burton,
105, in Feudal Aids, p. 347) and in Bishops Teignton Venn,
alias Fenne and Nether Eixtail (Burton, 102, 103).
W. 115. Sideberia. Mr. Morshead (Trans, xxx. 134)
gives the distribution of the assessment in Sidbury in 1381
as Saunde J hide, Kitwaie's 1 hide, Stone 1, Cotford \,
Worton, alias Ebden, J hide.
W. 118. Peintona. The Eectory manor, alias Preston,
ought to have been included (Lysons, ii. 382).
W. 127. Bishop of Coutances. It appears from the Black
Book of the Exchequer, pp. 127, 128, that in 1166 the
group of estates constituting the Honour of Barnstaple
(Trans, xxxiii. 631) was held in two moieties by two
descendants of Judhel, one moiety by William de Braosa,
son of Philip and grandson of William de Braose (Dugdale,
Baronage, i. 414), the last-named William being the grand-
son of Judhel of Totnes (Oliver, Mon., p. 200); the other
moiety by Oliver de Tracy, who succeeded his father, Henry
de Tracy, in 1165 (Trans, xxix. p. 490), Henry49 being the
** Turgis de Tracy is probably "le Sire de Traci," who accompanied the
Conqueror to Britain, and may De the Turgis, or Torgic, who held estates in
1086 under Judhel of Totnes (W. 553, 566, 584, 585, 592, 593, 611, 612, 628-
32). He was defeated and driven out of Maine by Fulk le Rechin (Quarrel-
some), Count of Anjou, in 1073 (Planche\ The Conqueror's Companions, ii. 297).
A charter of his in 1066 in Round's Calendar of Documents in France,
pp. 255, 256, 258. The William de Traci who with his nephew Gilbert (who
may have been a son of Turgis) witnessed a charter to the Abbey of La
Couture in 1082 (Oallia Christiana, xi. p. 107 ; Planch^, loc cii.) and had
another nephew, Hugh de Coterna (Round, loc. cit., p. 194), was possibly
brother to Turgis. Turgis seems to have had another son called William*
eventually his heir. The charter which this William signed in 1110
(Round, loc. cit.% p. 194) shows that Rohesia [presumably a daughter of
Judhel of Totnes, since her son Henry describes nimself as Judhel's grand-
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"DOMESDAY" IDENTIFICATIONS. 729
grandson of Judhel of Totnes, and the same Henry de
Tracy who put down William de Mohun's insurrection in
1139 (Trans, vi. 183), and in 1146 confirmed the donation
of Johel, son of Alured (Oliver, Mori., 198), and the dona-
tion of Alured of Totnes (ibid., p. 199) to Barnstaple
Priory. William de Braose's fees amounted to 28 in 1166
(Lib. Nig., 127 ; Trans, xxxiii. 381), and are distinctly said to
be held of the Honour of Barnstaple. At the same time
Oliver de Tracy's amounted to 23£ (Lib. Nig., 123 ; Trans.
xxxiii. 380), the two together to 51£. It is therefore diffi-
cult to see how, as is alleged by Sir W. Pole, p. 13, William de
Tracy's fees numbering 28£ (Lib. Nig., 122 ; Trans, xxxiii
379) can have belonged to the barony of Barnstaple, seeing
that the whole barony of Barnstaple seventy-five years later
only counted 56 fees (Trans, xxix. p. 500). Indeed, the
authority which Pole quotes, p. 14 (Abbrev. Placit., 6 Ric. I.
Devon Michaelmas Eot. 5), Willm de Brewes petit versus
Oliverum de Tracy ut teneat finem suam de medietate baronie
de Bernstable, shows that there were only two moieties, viz.
those held by Willm de Braose and Oliver de Tracy
respectively.
In 31 Hen. II., a.d. 1184, Oliver de Tracy was succeeded
by his son, Oliver de Tracy the younger, who married Eva,
and in 7 Ric. I. (Abbrev. Placit., 1 John, Easter and Trinity
Eot. 5) entered into an agreement with William de Braose,
whereby he acquired all the estates of the Honour of Barn-
staple, excepting Fremington, and 5 knight's fees (Dugdale,
Baronage, i. 415, 622). Oliver was succeeded in 1210 by
Henry de Tracy, his son (Testa, i. p. 175a), upon whom
King John, on the forfeiture of William de Braose in 1213,
bestowed the entire Honour (Dugdale, i. 622; Rot. Claus.
15 John Pt. I. m. 4; Risdon's Notebook, p. 63), after first
granting the city of Barnstaple, together with 15 knight's
fees, which had belonged to William de Braose, to Peter
Herbert's son (Testa, 1367, p. 195a). Henry de Tracy was
succeeded by another Henry de Tracy (Ilisdon's Notebook
editors, p. 63), who married Matilda, daughter of Reginald
and granddaughter of William de Braose, and died in 1273,
son] was William's wife, and that William had three children, Turgis, Henry,
and Gieve. King Stephen bestowed a part of the Honour of Barnstaple on
Henry de Traci, and it descended to his son Oliver. Quite distinct from this
family is William de Tracy, natural son of Henry I., whose daughter Grace
married John de Sudeley, descended from the Saxon Ethelred, and had two
sons, of whom the younger, William, the murderer of Thomas a Becket,
took the name of Traci. He died in 1174, and his only daughter Eva
married William son of Sir Gervase de Courtney, who took the name of Traci.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
730 THE DEVONSHIKE "DOMESDAY."
seized of the Honour and borough of Barnstaple and the
manors of Bovy Tracy, Fremington, Tawstock, Nymet Tracy,
part of Upex, the fourth part of Torington and the fifth
part of Nymet St. George, also Warkleigh, Holsworthy,
and Lewe (A.-D. Inq. 2 Ed. I. No. 32, p. 52 (193-207). His
only daughter and heiress, Eva, married Guy de Bryane
(A.-D. Inq. 35 Ed. I. No. 32, p. 216), and died during the
lifetime of her father (Dugdale, i. 622; Risdoris Notebook,
p. 63), when Guy married again. She, however, left a
daughter, Matilda, who in 1273 was thirty-one years of age,
and had recently taken for her second husband Galfrid de
Camville (Hundred Rolls, No. 3, p. 63), and was found to be
nearest heir of Henry de Tracy, her grandfather (Robert's
Kalendar Geneal., No. 32, p. 213). Matilda's first husband
had been William Martin, lord of Dartington (Bisdon, p. 63 ;
Dugdale, i. 729), by whom she had a son, William Martin,
who succeeded to the Honour as heir of Henry Tracy
(Abbrev. Placit., 7-8 Ed. I. ; Michael, Maj. Record, Rot. 7),
and died in 1325 (A.-D. Inq. 19 Ed. II. No. 100, p. 329).
Nicolas Martin, his son, succeeded, and on his death in 1327
(A.-D. Inq. 1 Ed. III. No. 40, p. 10), his sister Joanne, wife
of James Lord Audley, in whose family the barony continued
until the thirteenth year of Richard II. On the death of
Nicolas Lord Audley, in 1390, it reverted to the Crown.
According to the Hundred Rolls, 52 knight's fees were held
of it; according to Testa (71, p. 175b), 52£ + *V
The principal tenant under the Bishop of Coutances was
Drogo Malger's son. It is stated by Lysons (L xlix.) that he
was the son of Walter de Ponz and brother of Richard, the
ancestor of the noble family of Clifford. This is a mistake,
for the Domesday text (W. 127 and 139) describes him
as Malger's son. Is it possible that he can have been the
Drogo de Brevere, a Fleming who received from the Con-
queror the Isle of Holderness, and was obliged to take
refuge in the Low Countries after murdering his wife in
1086? (Planch^, i. 127).
W. 130. Aissa. It appears (from Trans, xxxiii. 162) that
Ashwater was held for £ fee of Barnstaple Castle and
(from ibid., pp. 161, 165, 175) that the manor included
Marcombe, Hunscot, and East Blagdon, together with Brush
Park in the parish of Bradwoodwidger (ibid., p. 183).
W. 153. PUtona. This cannot be the manor of Pilton
held by Pilton Priory, a cell of Malmesbury in later times.
For that manor is stated to have been held before the
Conquest by Malmesbury Abbey (Oliver, Hon., p. 244).
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
"DOMESDAY" IDENTIFICATIONS. 731
Unless, therefore, the statement is altogether wrong, the
Pilton of Malmesbury Abbey is probably W. 261. Piltona
(W. 153) is no doubt Bradiford Barton, with the manor
of Pulcress in Pilton (Lysons, ii. 388), which was given
by Judhel to the Cluniac Priory of St. Mary Magdalene at
Barnstaple (Oliver, Mori., p. 196). Pound {Calendar of
Documents in France, p. 460) extracts a charter of William
de Braose dated 1157 confirming the gift of "Judhel his
grandfather to the Cluniac monks on the day he founded
the dependent house (obedientiam) of St. Mary Magdalene,
viz. Pilton and Pilland."
W. 175. TrendeshoU. Probably in the particulars given
(see n. 40) the assessment on Patshole is taken together
with that on Trendelesholt, each being \ hide, the two
together being a hide, as in the analogous case of Beer and
Seaton (W. 255).
W. 182. Bochelanda. Not Castle Hill, which is the lord-
ship of Filleigh, but possibly Middlecot in East Buckland
held by Pilton Priory as a member of Pilton (Oliver, Mon.9
p. 247). For the Middlecot of Pilton Priory cannot well
be Middlecot the outlier of Blacktorington as suggested
by Prebendary Hingeston-Randolph (Bronescombe, p. 476),
because Middlecot in Blacktorington pays rectorial tithes,
did not therefore belong to a religious house, and is
more probably represented by W. 381. The Middlecot of
Pilton Priory, according to the Feet of Fines (Devon, 172),
was acquired by John Kaillewey from the Prior in
12 Henry I1L (a.d. 1227).
198b. One hide and one mill next Upex is, probably,
Hazel Barton in Bewe with Tray Mill in Silverton.
W. 220. Polesleuia. This is the estate which gave its
name to the Priory of St. Catherine's, commonly known
as Polsloe Priory (Oliver, Mon.t p. 162), on which William de
Tracy, the murderer of Thomas k Becket, before his death
in 1174 bestowed the manor of Whipton in Heavitree, and
Henry de Pomeroy bestowed the adjoining land (Hundred
Rolls, No. 42, p. 84; Testa, 1354, p. 194b). These grants
were confirmed by King John in 1201 (Trans, xxii. 313).
William de Tracy's daughter married William son of Sir
Gervase Courtney, who called himself after her William
Courtney de Tracy, and seemingly alienated several of his
estates to William de Brewer (Devon iV. & Q. II. 24).
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
LIST OF MEMBERS.
* Indicates Life Members. t Indicates Honorary Members.
I Indicates Corresponding Members.
Italics indicate Members whose addresses are incomplete or unknown.
The Karnes of Members of the Council are printed in small capitals.
Notice of Changes of Residence and of Decease of Members should be sent to
Mr. J. Brooking-Rowe, Castle Barbican, Plympton; or to
Mr. Maxwell Adams, Wolborough House, Newton Abbot, the General Secretaries.
Year of
Election.
1902 Acland, C. K., m.d., Stowford House, Bideford (Vicb-
Prbsident).
1901 Acland, Sir C. T. D., Bart., Killerton Park, near Exeter.
1881 Adams, Col. H. C, Lion House, Exmouth.
1896 Adams, Maxwell, Wolborough House, Newton Abbot (Hon.
General Secretary).
1900*Adams, S. P., Springfield, Totnes.
1897 Adey, Rev. W. T., Kingsbridge.
1902 Agar, William, 4, Lime Park Villas, Sidmouth.
1886 Aldridge, C, m.d., Bellevue House, Plympton.
1889tAlford, Rev. D. P., m.a., Elm Grove, Taunton.
1887 Alger, W. H., j.p., Esplanade, Plymouth.
1896*AUhusen, C. Wilton, Pinhay, Lyme Regis.
1900 Almond, H. J., Hazeldene, Ashburton.
1874 Alsop, R, Teignmouth Bank, Teignmouth.
1877 Amery, Jasper, 35, Bitton Street, Teignmouth.
1869 Amery, J. S., Druid, Ashburton.
1869 Amery, P. F. S., j.p., Druid, Ashburton (Hon. General
Treasurer).
1891 Amory, Sir J. Heathcoat, Bart., Knightehayes, Tiverton.
1900 Anderson, Major R. D., Inglenuk, Paignton.
1897 Anderson, Rev. Irvine K., Mary Tavy Rectory, Tavistock.
1901 Andrew, Sidney, 18, West Southernhay, Exeter.
1894 Andre ws, John, Traine, Modbury, Ivy bridge.
1863 Appleton, Edward, f.r.i.b.a., m.Inst.cb., 1, Vaughan Parade,
Torquay.
1901 Arthur, Mrs., Atherington Rectory, Barnstaple.
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
734 LIST OF MEMBERS.
1899 Bainbrigge, CoL, Southcourt, Torquay.
1901 Bankart, Mrs. Gertrude, 19, West Southernhay, Exeter.
1878*Baring-Gould, Rev. S., m.a., Lew Trenchard, Lewdown.
1897 Barran, Charles, Berry House, Totnes.
1902*Bairatt, Francis Lay land, m.a., m.p., 68, Cadogan Square,
London, S.W.
1902 Barrett, B. Skardon, Courtenay Street, Plymouth.
1877 Bartlet, Rev. J. M. de Ludbrooke, Manor House, Ludbrooke,
Modbury, Ivybridge.
1883*Bartlett, O. Smart, Paignton.
1876 Bastard, B. J. P., Buckland Court, Ashburton.
1898 Bayley, Arthur, St. Margaret's, Great Malvern.
1894*Bayly, Miss A., Seven Trees, Plymouth.
1902 Bazeley, H. M., Belvoir, Bideford (Vice-President).
1884 Bearne, Lewis, j.p., St. Bernard's, Newton Abbot.
1902 Bedford, George, Berner's Hill, Torquay.
1893 Bell, J. H., 100, Leyland Road, Soutbport
1895 Bellew, P. F. B., Colley House, Tedburn St Mary.
1899 Bereeford, His Honour Judge, The Hall, Wear Gifford (Vice-
President).
1895*Bickford, Col., Wear Gifford.
1890 Bingham, Rev. W. P. S., m.a., Kenton.
1880 Birch, Rev. W. M., m.a., Bampton Aston, Oxford.
1897 Birks, Rev. H. A., m.a., Kingsbridge.
1889 Birmingham Free Library, Birmingham.
1886 Blaokler, T. A., Royal Marble Works, St Marychurch,
Torquay.
1900 Blatchford, E. W., c/o Edward Windeatt, Esq., Bridgetown,
Totnes.
1896 Boase, S. Stoddard, Inver Torre, St Marychurch, Torquay.
1900 Bolitho, Thomas B., m.p., Trewidden, Penzance.
1902 Bond, F. Bligh, f.r.i.b.a., 51, Cornwall Street, Bristol.
1901 Bond, P. G., 105, Union Street, Plymouth.
1901 Bond, Miss S. C, Owl's Head, Knox Co., Maine, U.S.A.
1890*Bowring, Thos. B., 7, Palace Gate, London, W.
1898 Boyer, Commander F., R.N., 2, Seymour Terrace, Totnes.
1900 Bradridge, C. J. G., 79, Caeran Road, Newport, Monmouth*
shire.
1892 Brendon, W. T., West Hoe, Plymouth.
1872 Brent, F., p.s.a., Tothill Avenue, Plymouth.
1899 Brierley, G. H., Ravenfield Villa, Cockington, Torquay.
1900 Brown, A. F. E., Maisonette, Stoke Gabriel.
1882 Brushpield, T. N., m.d., f.s.a., The Cliff; Budleigh
Salterton.
1881*Bryant, Wilberforce, Stoke Park, Wolverton, Bucks.
1887*Buller, Admiral Sir Alexander, g.o.r, Erie Hall, Plymptom
1887 Bulteel, Thomas, j.p., Radford, Plymouth.
1871 Burch, Arthur, 5, Baring Place, Exeter.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
LIST OF MEMBERS. 735
1873*Burdett-Coutts, Eight Hod. Baroness, 1, Stratton Street,
Piccadilly, London.
1887 Burnard, Kobbrt, j.p., f.s.a., Hillsborough, Plymouth.
1887 Burnard, Mrs. F. L., Hillsborough, Plymouth.
1902 Cadd, WiUiam, Strand, Bideford.
1900 Callander, Lieut. -General A., Vineyard, Totnes.
1902 Calmady, Charles Collier, Stoney Croft, Horrabridge.
187 ^Canterbury, His Grace the Archbishop of, Lambeth Palace,
Westminster.
1901 Cardew, Lieut-Col. G. M., 12, Victoria Terrace, Exeter.
1891 Carpenter, H. J., m.a., ll.m., Penmead, Tiverton.
1866*Carpenter-Garnier, J., 33, Queen's Gate Gardens, S.W.
1902 Carter, Miss E. G., Hartland.
1899 Cartwright, Miss M. Anson, Hevere, Heavitree, Exeter.
1895*Cash, Midgley, m.d., Limefield, Torquay.
1898 Cave, Sir C. D., Bart., Sidbury Manor, Sidmouth.
1900 Chalmers, J. H., Holcombe, Moretonhampstead.
1899*Champernowne, A. N., Hood Manor, Totnes.
1892 Chandler, A., f.r.m*t. Soc. Avonlea, Paignton.
1890 Chanter, C. E. K., Broadmead, Barnstaple.
1901 Chanter, Rev. J. F., m.a., Parracombe Rectory, Barnstaple.
1882* Chaplin, G. H.
1884 Chapman, H. M, St Martin's Priory, Canterbury.
1881 Chapman, Rev. Professor, m.a., ll.d., Western College,
Clifton, Bristol.
1902 Ching, Thomas, j.p., Mount Tamar, Bere Alston.
1896 Chope, R. Pearse, The Patent Office, Chancery Lane, E.C.
1902 Christie, A. L., Tapeley Park, Instow, North Devon (Vice-
President).
1888 Clark, H., Carlton House, Exmouth.
1869*Clark, R. A., The Larches, Torquay.
1901 Clayden, A. W., m.a., f.o.s., St. John's, Polsloe Road,
Heavitree, Exeter.
1871 Clements, Rev. H. G. J., m.a., Vicarage, Sidmouth.
1881*Clifford, Right Hon. Lord, m.a., j.p., Ugbrooke, Chudleigh.
1890 Clinton, Right Hon. Lord, Heanton, Beaford.
1902 Cock, A. W., Abbotsham Road, Bideford.
1893 Cocks, J. W., Madeira Place, Torquay.
1899 Coke, G. H., Montpellier, South Molton.
1898*Coleridgb, Right Hon. Lord, m.a., k.c, The Chanter's
House, Ottery St Mary.
1898 Coleridge, Hon. G. D., The Chanter's House, Ottery St. Mary.
1894 Collier, G. B., m.a., Whinfield, South Brent.
1889 Collier, M. J., Foxhams, Horrabridge.
1896 Collings, The Right Hon. Jesse, m.p., Edgbaston, Birmingham.
1892 Colson, F. H., m.a., Plymouth College, Plymouth.
1900 Commin, James G., High Street, Exeter.
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
736 LIST OF MEMBERS.
1901 Coplestone, W. D., Jesus College, Cambridge.
1881*Cornish, Rev. J. F., 25, Montpelier Street, Brompton Road,
London, S.W.
1900 Cornish-Bo wden, F. J., j.p., Blackhall, South Brent.
1866 Cotton, W., f.s.a., Bearcott, Bridestowe.
1901 Cowie, Herbert, m.a., 9, Baring Crescent, Exeter.
1895 Cowlard, C. L., Madford, Launceston.
1898 Cox, C. E., Honiton.
1901 Cox, Irwin E. B., m.p., Moat Mount, Mill Hill, Middlesex.
1887 Crews, F. H. E, 7, Queen's Gate, Plymouth.
1898 Croft,SirAlrredW.,K.c.i.B.,iLA.,Ramleigh,BereAlston,RS.O.
1901 Cross, William, m.i.c.e., Kittery Court, Kingswear.
1901 Cudlipp, J. W., Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada.
1886 Cumming, Stephen A., Devonia, Golden Manor, Hanwell,
London, W.
1890tDallinger, Rev. W. H., ll.d., f.r.s., f.l.s., etc., Ingleeide,
Lee, London, S.E
1900 Dalton, J. C, Parkhill, near Totnes.
1901 Dangar, Rev. Preb. J. D., d.d., St. Luke's, Baring Crescent,
Exeter.
1896 Da vies, W., Bellfield, Kingsbridge.
1892 Davis, O., 1, Dunkeld Villas, Ford Park, Plymouth.
1897 Davis, W., Doneraile, Exmouth.
1878 Davson, F. A., m.d., j.p., Mount Galpine, Dartmouth.
1878 Davy, A. J., Abbeyfield, Falkland Road, Torquay.
1902 Dawe, Mrs. Petticombe, Monkleigh, Torrington.
1888*Dawson, Hon. Richard, m.a., Holne Park, Ashburton.
1897 Dickinson, Rev. F. B., m.a., The Manor House, Ottery
St. Mary.
1902 Dimond-Churchward, Rev. Preb., m.d., m.a., The Vicarage,
Northam, North Devon (Vice-President).
1896 Dobell, Robert, Parkvedras House, Truro.
1882 Doe, George M., Enfield, Great Torrington.
1901 Domville, E. J., j.p., Northernhay House, Exeter.
1898 Donaldson, Rev. E. A., Bera Court, Black Torrington,
North Devon.
1902 Dowell, Admiral Sir W. M., g.c.b., Ford, Bidefoid (Vice-
President).
1902 Drayton, Harry G., 201, High Street, Exeter.
1901 Drew, Miss May, Peamore, near Exeter.
1889 Duncan, A. G., South Bank, Bideford.
1902 Duncan, John, South Bank, Bideford.
1901 Dunn, A. Edward, 3, St Leonard's Place, Exeter.
1898*Dunning, E H., j.p., Stoodleigh Court, Tiverton.
1891 Dunsford, G. L., Villa Franca, 17, Wonford Road, Mount
Radford, Exeter.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
LIST OF MEMBERS. 737
1901 Durnford, George, Greenhythe, Westmount, Montreal,
Canada.
1879 Dymond, A. H., 14, Bedford Circus, Exeter.
1871 Dymond, F. W., 3, Manston Terrace, Exeter.
1889 Dymond, Mrs., St. Leonard's Road, Exeter.
1898 Dymond, Robert, j.p., The Mount, Bideford (Vice-
President).
1902 Dymond, Mrs. Robert, The Mount, Bideford.
1901 Earle, The Right Rev. Alfred, Bishop of Marlborough, d.d.,
Dean of Exeter, The Deanery, Exeter.
1898 EccleP, J. A. J., Stentwood, Honiton.
1891 Edmonds, Rev. Chancellor, B.D., The Close, Exeter.
1901 Edmonds, W., j.p., Wiscombe Park, Colyton.
1901 Edye, Lieut.-Col., St James's Club, Montreal, Canada.
1901 Ellacott, Gen. J. P., 710, Congress Street, Chicago, U.S.A.
1896 Elliot, Edmund A. S., m.ro.s., m.b.o.u., Woodville, Kings-
bridge.
1877 Elliot, R. L., Tregie, Paignton.
1893 Elliott, J. C, 3, Powderham Terrace, Teignmouth.
1878 Elworthy, F. T., f.s.a., Foxdown, Wellington, Somerset.
1888 Ermen, Miss, St. Catherine's, Torre, Torquay.
1898*Evans, Arnold, 4, Lithfield Place, Clifton.
1890 Evans, D. Ogilvie, West Street, Ashburton.
1899 Evan?, H., o.c, Eglinton, Torquay.
1895 Evans, H. M., Royal William Victualling Yard, Plymouth.
1886 Evans, J. J. Ogilvie, 1, Orchard Gardens, Teignmouth.
1877 Evans, J. L., 4, Lithfield Place, Clifton.
1896 Evans, P. F. Sparke, Trinmore, Clifton, Bristol.
1880*Evans, Parker N., Park View, Brockley, West Town, R.S.O.,
Somerset.
1869*Evans, Sir J., d.cl., ll.d., f.r.8., p.s.a., f.g.s., Nash Mills,
Hemel Hempstead, Herts.
1902*Eve, H. T., K.fc, Pullabrook, Bovey Tracey, and 4, New
Square, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C.
1901 Every, Rev. H., m.a., East Downe Rectory* Barnstaple.
1900 Exell, Rev. J. S., m.a., Stoke Fleming Rectory, Dartmouth.
1901 Exeter, The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of (Herbert Edward
Ryle, d.d.), Palace, Exeter.
1896 Firth, Cecil M., Knowle, Ashburton.
1875 Firth, F. H., Place House, Ashburton.
1896 Firth, H. Mallaby, Knowle, Ashburton.
1896*Firth, R. W., Knowle, Ashburton.
1876 Fleming, J., 83, Portland Place, London, W.
1896 Foaden, J. H., Sparnham House, Ashburton.
1900 Ford, Miss Kate St. Clair, Ford Park, Chagford, Newton
Abbot.
VOL. XXXIV. 3 A
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
738 LIST OF MEMBERS.
1898 Fortescue, Miss, Tho Rectory, Honiton.
1898 Fortescae, Rev. Hugh John, M.A., Honiton.
1867 Fortescue, Right Hon. Earl, Castle Hill, South Molton.
1867*Foster, Rev. J. P., ila., Cotswold Park, Cirencester.
1876*Fowler, Rev. Canon W. W. Rotherfield Peppard Rectory
Henley-on-Thames.
1876*Fox, Charles, The Chestnuts, Warlingham.
1892 Fox, R. Reynolds, Westbrook, Plymouth.
1892 Francis, H., g.e., 1, Belmont Villas, Stoke, Devonport.
1900 Francken, W. A., Okehampton.
1898 Frean, G. M., Cranicombe, Babbacombe, Torquay.
1901 Freeman, F. F., Abbotsfield, Tavistock.
1901 French, Rev. C. J. V., m.a., St. David's Vicarage, Exeter.
1894*Frost, F. C, f.s.i., Regent Street, Teignmouth.
1876 Fulford, F. D., j.p., Fulford, Dunsford; or Clyde Villa,
Ex mouth.
1880 Furneaux, J., Hill Crest, Buck fas tie igh.
1893 Gardiner, Miss Lucy, Ellacombe House, Cockington, Torquay.
1901 Gauntlett, George, 27, Dix's Field, Exeter.
1895 Geen, C, j.p., Hillside, Okehampton.
1895 German, W. B., Okehampton.
1900*Gervis, Henry, m.d., p.b.c.p., j.p., The Towers, Hillingdon,
Middlesex.
1889 Gibbon, Rev. H., Beer, Axminster.
1891*Giffard, Hardinge F., Stone Lodge, Cheam, Surrey.
1901 Giles, Rev. A. L., The Vicarage, Okehampton.
1892*Gill, Miss, St. Peter Street, Tiverton.
1877*Glyde, R R, f.r.m«t. Soc., Stateford, Whitchurch, Tavistock.
1902 Goaman, Thomas, j.p., 14, Butt Gardens, Bideford (Vice-
President).
1902 Goaman, T. A., Bideford.
1884 Goddard, Edwin, Kirkthorpe, Fosse way, Cockington, Tor-
quay.
1902 Gorton, Major T., Instow, North Devon (Vice-President).
1893#Granville, Rev. Preb. R., m.a., Woodlands, Kennford, Exeter
(Vice-President).
1901 Gratwicke, G. F., York Road, Exeter.
1892 Green way, John, 2, Shaftesbury Villas, Ford Park, Plymouth.
1897 Greenway, Maurice, Haines Hill, Taunton.
1878 Gregory, A, Linton, Young Park, Paignton.
1896 Grose, S., m.d., f.r.o.8., Bishopsteignton, Teignmouth.
1902 Groves-Cooper, J., Bridge Chambers, Bideford.
1874 Gulson, J. R., Gorway, Teignmouth.
1873*Guyer, J. B., p.o.8., Wrentham, Torquay.
1880 Hacker, S., Newton Abbot.
1892 Haiabury, Right Hon. Lord, 4, Ennismore Gardens, S.W.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
XIST OF MEMBERS. 739
1862 Hamilton, A. H. A., m.a., j.p., Fairfield Lodge, Exeter.
1889 Hamling, J. G., f.g.8., The Close, Barnstaple.
1902 Hamlyn, F., d.l., Clovelly Court, Bideford (Vice-President).
1880 Hamlyn, James, Bossell Park, Buckfastleigh.
1880*Hamlyn, Joseph, Fullaford, Buckfastleigh.
1878 Hamlyn, W. B., Widecombe Cot, Harrington Road, Torquay.
1895 Harding, T. L., Floriston, Torquay.
1868 Harper, J., l.r.c.p., Bear Street, Barnstaple.
1892 Harpley, Rev. F. R. A., B.A., Avery Terrace, Willow's Lane,
Bolton, Lancashire.
1862tHARPLBY, Rev. W., ii.a.,p.o.p.s., Clayhanger Rectory, Tiverton
(President).
1901 Harris, John Delpratt, m.r.o.8., L.R.C.P., Southernhay, Exeter.
1893 Harris, Miss, Sunningdale, Portland Avenue, Exmouth.
1877 Harris, Rev. S. G., m.a., High week, Newton Abbot.
1901 Harvey, George, Kitley, Huddlestone Road, Willesden Green,
London.
1898*Harvey, Henry Fairfax, Highcroft, Heavitree, Exeter.
1900 Harvey, Sir Robert, d.l., j.p., Dundridge, Totnes.
1892*Harvey, T. H., j.p., Tor Gate, Princetown.
1875*Hatt-Cook, Herbert, Hartford Hall, Cheshire.
1894 Hawkins, E. P., Edgerton Park, Exeter.
1869*Hayne, Right Hon. C. Seale, M.P., Pitt House, Chudleigh.
1890*Heberden, W. B., c.b., Elmfield, Exeter.
1898 Hellier, Edward W., Honiton.
1888*Hepburn, T. H., Hele, Cullompton.
1896 Hern, J., m.d., f.r.c.8., Semmercote, Darlington.
1896 Hewetson, Miss, Ware, Buckfastleigh.
1900 Hext, G. H., Kingstone, Newton Abbot.
1882*Hiern, W. P., Castle House, Barnstaple.
1899 Hill, W. A., 4, Avondale Villas, Avenue Road, Torquay.
1862 Hinb, J., p.r.i.b.a., 7, Mulgrave Place, Plymouth.
1892*Hing8ton, C. A., m.d., Sussex Terrace, Plymouth.
1900 Hoare, Robert H., H.M.S. Renown, Malta.
1898 Hodgson, T. V., c/o L. E. Sexton, Collings Park, Plymouth.
1900 Hole, Miss, Hole Cottage, Exbourne, Okehampton.
1901 Holman, H. Wilson, 92, BiUiter Buildings, London, E.C.
1901 Holman, Herbert, m.a., ll.b., Haldon Lodge, Teignmouth.
1893 Holman, Joseph, Downside House, Downlewne, Sneyd,
Bristol.
1898 Hook, S. W., Honiton.
1900 Hooker, Capt Edward, U.8.N., 289, Gate's Avenue, Brooklyn,
U.S.A.
1872 Hooper, B., Bournbrook, Torquay.
1892 Hornbrook, W., Garfield Villa, Stuart Road, Devonport.
1896*Hosegood, S., Chatford House, Clifton, Bristol
1889*Hudle8T0N, W. H., m.a., P.R.S., p.G.s., 18, Stanhope Gardens,
South Kensington, S.W.
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
740 LIST OF MEMBERS.
1895*Hughes, T. Cann, m.a., Town Clerk, Lancaster.
1 896 Hulbert, M., Ingleside, Edge Hill Road, Castle Bar, Ealing, W.
1901 Humphreys, EL Howard, a.m.i.c.e., Glenray, Wembly-by-
Harrow.
1902 Hunt, Alfred, Percy Lodge, Torquay.
1868*Hunt, A. R., m.a., F.G.8., F.L.S., Southwood, Torquay.
1876 Hurrell, J. S., The Manor House, Kingsbridge.
1886 Huxtable, James, Overton, St. Mildred's Road, Ramsgate.
1897 Ingham, W., Assoc. M. Inst, o.e., The Arcade, Union Street,
Torquay.
1893 Iredale, A., Strand, Torquay.
1890* Jackson, Mark, Homelea, Purley, Surrey.
1902 James, R. B., Hallsannery, Bideford (Vice-President).
1900 Jeffery, Captain Arthur W., Board of Trade Office, Glasgow.
1 901 Jerman, J., The Bungalow, Topsham Road, Exeter.
1902 Joce, W. D., j.p., Strand, Bideford (Vice-President).
1901 Jones, Samuel, j.p., Longbrook Street, Exeter.
1883 Jordan, W. F. C, Sunnybank, Teignmouth.
1871 Jordan, W. R. H., Bitton Street, Teignmouth.
1899* Julian, Mrs. Hester, Redholme, Torquay.
1874 Karkebk, P. Q., m.r.c.s., Isca, Abbey Road, Torquay.
1879*Kelland, W. H., Victoria Road, Barnstaple.
1877*Kellock, T. C, Totnes.
1872*Kennaway, Sir J. H., Bart., m.a., m.p., Escot, Ottery St Mary.
1880 King, C. R. B., a.r.i.b.a., 35, Oakley Square, London, N.W.
1896 King-Smith, C, Cleavhurst, Buckfastleigh.
1902 Kirk wood, J. Morrison, j.p., Yeo Vale House, Bideford
(Vice-President).
1893 Kitson, J., Hengrave, Torquay.
1865*Kitson, W. H., Shiphay, Torquay.
1901 Knapman, Theophilus, Denny mead, Cowley Road, Exeter.
1901 Knight, Mrs. J. H., The Firs, Friar's Walk, Exeter.
1901 Lake, Rev. K. A., Hal will Rectory, Bea worthy, N. Devon.
1898 Langdon, Rev. F. E. W., Membury, near Chard.
1901 Lavis, Johnston, m.d., m.r.c.8., l.s.a.londm Beaulieu, Alpes-
Maritimes, France.
1902 Le Cornu, E., Uplands, Great Torrington.
1871 Lee, Godfrey Robert, Coldrey, Teignmouth.
1896 Lee, Rev. H. J. Barton, Cross Park Terrace, Heavitree, Exeter.
1889*Lee, Col. J. W., Budleigh Salterton, South Devon.
1902 Leeke, Rev. T. Newton, m.a., Rectory, Bideford (Vice-
President).
1892 Lemann, F. C, Blackfriars House, Plymouth.
1901 Lethbridge, Sir A. S., k.c.s.1., Windhover, Bursledon, Hants.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
LIST OF MEMBERS. 741
1902 Lethbridge, Alan B., Wellington Club, Grosvenor Place,
London, S.W.
1897 Lethbridge, Sir Roper, k.c.i.e., d.l., j.p., m.a., The Manor
House, Exbourne, K.S.O., Devon (Vice-Presidbnt).
1902 Lethbridge, Captain W. A. L.,The Manor House, Exbourne,
R.S.O, Devon.
1897 Lewis, W. H., b.a., 32, St. Leonard's Road, Exeter.
1901 Linscott, T., j.p., John Street, Exeter.
1898 Little, J. Hunter, Lisnanagh, Exmouth.
1902 Lloyd, Lieut. -Colonel Chetwode, Kilstrana, Bideford (Vice-
President).
1902 Lockley, J. H, Heale, Bideford (Vice-President).
1890*Longstaff, G. B., m.d., Twitcham, Morthoe, R.S.O.
1899 Lord, W. H., c.c, Bythorn, Torquay.
1900 Lovejoy, H. F., North Gate, Totnes.
1898 Lowe, Harford J., 1, The Oaklands, Torquay.
1896 Lyster, Major, Waye House, Ashburton.
1863*Lyte, F. Maxwell, m.a., f.c.s., p.i.c, Hon. p.r.p.8., Assoc.
Inst. c.E., 60, Finborough Road, Radcliffe Square, S.W.
1886*Mac Andrew, James J., j.p., f.l.s., Lukesland, Ivy bridge.
1901 Mackey, A. J., b.a., Pennsylvania Park, Exeter.
1894 Mallet, W. R, Exwick Mills, Exeter.
1901 Mallett, J. A., 4, Bedford Circus, Exeter.
1901 Mann, F., Leat Park, Ashburton.
1901 Mann, Warwick H., Glenthorne, Rod well, Weymouth.
1897*Mardon, Heher, 2, Litfield Place, Clifton.
1901 Marines, The Officers Plymouth Division R.M.L.I. (per
Major Hailes), Royal Marine Barracks, Plymouth.
1871*Martin, John May, c.e., f.m.8., Bradninch House, Exeter.
1887 Matthews, Coryndon, p.e.8., Stentaway, Plymstock, South
Devon.
1896 Muthews, J. W., Erme Wood, Ivybridge.
1901 McKeith, John, M.a, St. Andrew's, Exeter.
1897 Mc William, O., m.a., Hill Cliff, Teignmouth.
1898 Melhuish, Rev. George Douglas, m.a., Rectory, Ashwater.
1900 Metcalfe, Rev. James, Teign Royd, Teignmouth.
1902 Metherell, J. M., Bideford.
1880 Michelm«»re, H, 2, Bouverie Place, Exeter.
1902 Middleton, Rev. W. B., North Devon Road, Bideford (Vice-
President).
1900 Mildraay, F. B., m.p., Flete, Ivybridge.
1884*Mildraay, H. B., Flete, Ivybridge.
1892*Monkswell, Right Hon. Lord, b.a., Monkswell House,
Chelsea Embankment, London, S.W.
1899 Moon, James E., Cloudesley, Brixton, near Plymouth.
1885 Morley, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Saltram, Plympton.
1896 Morrell, Major, Ormonde House, Paignton.
3 a 2
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
742 LIST OF MEMBERS.
1899 Morris, J. Grant, Kincora, Torquay.
1898 Morshead, I. Y. Anderson, Lusways, Salcombe Regis,
Sidmouth.
1 886*Mortimer, A., 1, Paper Buildings, Temple, London.
1874*Mount Edgcumbe, Right Hon. Earl of, Mount Edgciunbe,
Plymouth.
1901 Mugford, W. E, 70, Oxford Road, Exeter.
1893 Musgrave, G. A., F.R.G.S., f.z.8., Furzebank, Torquay.
1900 Naish, Rev. S., b.a., ll.d., Ashburton.
1 88 l*Nanki veil, C. A., m.d., Ashley Lodge, Torquay.
1902 Narraway, J. W., j.p., c.c, Beverley, Bideford (Vice-
President).
1885 Neck, J. S., j.p., Great House, Moretonhampstead.
1898 Nevill, Ralph, f.s.a., South Hill, Guildford.
1897 Nicholls, Richard Perrott, West Alvington, Kingsbridge.
1900 Nix, J. A., 20, Hans Place, London, S.W.
1896 Northmore, John, The Rosery, Ashburton.
1901 Oldham, Rev. D. W., The Rectory, Exbourne.
1901 Onions, Rev. J. C, m.a., Ash ton Rectory, near Chudleigh.
1902 Paige, Rev. W. E., The Laurels, Woodland Park, Paignton.
1901 Pain, R. Tucker, Ryll Court, Exmouth.
1901 Pasmore, R. S., Rockleigh, Exeter.
1902 Patey, Rev. Charles Robert, Vicarage, Westend, near South-
ampton.
1901 Pearse, James, The Esplanade, Exmouth.
1900 Pearse, W. Silas, Bicton, Chantry Road, Clifton.
1896 Pearson, Rev. J. B., d.d., Whitstone Rectory, Exeter.
1 901 Peek, Rev. Richard, m.a., Drewsteignton Rectory, Chagford.
1894 Pengelly, Miss, Lamorna, Torquay.
1882 Penzance Library.
1897 Periam, J., Bampton, Devon.
1901 Perkins, A. S., St. Sidweli's, Exeter.
1902 Perry, Oliver H., Moore Farm, Newtown, Elmhurst, Borough
of Queens, New York City, U.S.A.
1872 Pershouse, E., Chelston Tower, Chelston, Torquay.
1897 Peter, Thurstan C, Redruth.
1883 Petherick, J., St Clifton Grove, Torquay.
1881 Phear, Sir J. B., m.a., f.g.s., Marpool, Exmouth.
1901 Phear, Miss Winifred Mary, Marpool, Exmouth.
1887 Phillips, Sydney H., j.p., frenley Villa, Plymouth.
1902 Piggott, F. C. H., b.a., m.d., Orchard Gardens, Teignmouth.
1899 Pinkham, Charles, j.p., c.c, Linden Lodge, 7, Winchester
Avenue, Brondesbury, N.W.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
LIST OF MEMBERS. 74$
1897*Pitts, Mrs. Stanley, 2, Gleneagle Road, Mannamead, Ply-
mouth.
1896 Plumer, J. B., Allerton, near Totnes.
1879 Plymouth Free Public Library, Whimple Street, Plymouth,
1884 Plymouth Proprietary Library, Cornwall Street, Plymouth.
1880 Pode, J. D., Slade, Corn wood, Ivybridge.
1898 Pole, Major de la, Colyton.
1898*Pole, Sir Edmund de la, Bart., Shute House, Colyton.
1892 Pollock, Professor Sir F., Bart., ll.d., f.s.a., etc., 48, Great
Cumberland Place, London, W.
1894 Poltimore, Right Hon. Lord, p.c, d.l., Court Hall, North
Molton.
1 900*Ponsonby, Rev. Stewart Gordon, M.A., Rectory, Stoke
Damerel, Devonport.
1900*Pope, John, Spence Coombe, Copplestone.
1878*Powell, W., m.b., p.rc.s., Hill Garden, Torquay.
1888 Prickman, J. D., Okehampton.
1901 Prideaux, W. de C, L.D.8., r,c.s.eno., Ermington, Dorchester,
1902 Pring, Mrs. H., Glencoe, Bridgeiand Street, Bideford.
1901 Pring, Walter, j.p., Northlands, Exeter.
1887 Prowse, Arthur B., m.d., f.r.c.8., 5, Lansdown Place, Clifton.
1891 Prowse, W. B., 5, Lansdown Place, Clifton.
1899 Prowse, W. H., The Retreat, Kingsbridge.
1894*Pryke, Rev. W. E., m.a., Ottery St. Mary Rectory, Sidmouth.
1896 Puddicombe, Rev. A. T., b.d., Crapetone Cottage, Yelverton,
R.S.O.
1893 Punchard, Rev. Canon E. G., d.d., St Mary's Vicarage, Ely.
1901 Radford, A. J. V., North Tamerton, Holsworthy, Devon.
1898*Radford, Arthur L., The Cedar House, Hillingdon, near
Uxbridge.
1889 Radford, C. H., j.p., 2, Queen's Gate Villas, Plymouth.
1901 Radford, H. G., Park Cottage, East Sheen, S.W.
1888 Radford, Mrs., Chiswick House, Ditton Hill, Surbiton,
Surrey.
1896 Rea, Charles F., b.a., b.8c., Grammar School, Totnes.
1898 Reade, Rev. G. M. L., Alfington, Ottery St. Mary.
1896 Reed, Harbottle, 57, St. David's Hill, Exeter.
1885*Reichel, L. H., Beara Court, Highampton, North Devon.
1872 Reichel, Rev. Oswald J., rc.l., f.s.a., A la Ronde, Lympstone,
Devon.
1898*Reynell-Upham, W. Upham, 3, Summerlands, Topsham
Road, Exeter.
1902 Rice, George, m.d., 46, Friar Gate, Derby.
1888 Richards, W. J., Riversdale, Torquay.
1892 Rickford, Wyndham, Clougheast, Silverdale Road, East-;
bourne.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
744 LIST OF MEMBERS.
1898 Ridgway, A. James, Fairlawn, Honiton.
1892 Risk, Rev. J. K, m.a., Rectorv, Stockleigh English, Crediton.
1901 Roberts, C. T. K., Fairhill, Exeter.
1902 Roberts, Rev. E., Chudleigh, Bideford (Vice-President).
1877*Roberts, I., F.R.S., p.r.a.3., f.g.s., Starfield, Crowborough,
Sussex.
1892 Robinson, C. K, Holne Cross, Ashburton.
1884 Robinson, J. F., Park Hill, Ipplepon, Newton Abbot
1902 Rogers, W. H., j.p., Orleigh Courts Bideford (Vice-
President).
1902 Ross, Rev. J. Trelawny, d.d., The Vicarage, Paignton.
1872*Rossall, J. H., m.a., Charleville, Roscrea, Ireland.
1899 Row, Rev. R. W., Mount Radford, Exeter.
1900 Row, R. W. H., Mount Vernon, Exeter.
1862 Rowe, J. Brooking, p. 8. a., f.l.s., Castle Barbican, Plympton
(Hon. General Secretary).
1897 Roval Western Yacht Club, The Hoe, Plvmonth.
1899 Rudd, E. K, 1 18, Fordwyck Road, Bnmdesbury, London, N. W.
1901 Rundle, Rev. Samuel, Godolphin Vicarage, Helston,
Cornwall.
1869#Ryder, J. W. W., j.p., 4, Tamar Terrace, Stoke, Devonport.
1894 Sanders, T., p.r.c.s.e., 112, East Street, South Molton.
188l*Saunderst K St/mes.
1877* Saunders, J. Symes, M.a
1895 Saunders, Miss H., 92, East Street, South Moltoa
1887*Saunders, Trelawney, Elmfield on the Knowles, Newton
Abbot.
1880*Saunders, W. S., Cran brook, Castle Road, Torquay.
1876*Scott, T. A. Sommers, Torre Cottage, llfracomb*.
1900*Scrimgeour, T. S., Natsworthy Manor, Ashburton.
1902 Sealy, Rev. R. W., m.a., The Vicarage, Abbotsham (Vice-
President).
1902 Searle, F. A., Bank House, Bideford (Hon. Local Treasurer
and Secretary).
1902 Seldon, W. B., The Quay, Bideford (Vice-President).
1902 Shanks, Frederick H., Chief Police Officer, Namosau, Ba
River, Fiji.
1894 Shapland, A. E., j.p., Church House, South Molton.
1894 Shapland, A. F. Terrell, Withycombe Houae, Witbycombe
Raleigh.
1902 Shapley, J. Dee, Burnside, Exmouth.
1893 Shapley, R S., 2, Strand, Torquay.
1882 Shelley, Sir John, Bart., Shobrooke Park, Crediton.
1879 Shelly, John, Princess Square, Plymouth.
1901 Shorto, G. R.. Southernhay, Exeter.
1885 Sibbald, J. G. E., Mount Pleasant, Norton St Philip,
Bath.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
LIST OF MEMBERS. 745
1898 Sidmoutb, The Right Hon. Viscount, Upottery Manor,
Honiton.
1893 Skardon, Brigade-Surgeon Lieut.-Col. T. G., Simla, Good-
rington, near Paignton.
1902 Skinner, A. J. P., Colyton.
1896 Slade, J. J. Eales, j.p., St. Remo, Cockington, Torquay.
1878 Slade, S. H., St. Elmo, Walsingham Road, West Brighton.
1896 Slight, G. H., Kendall, Meadfoot Road, Torquay.
1902 Slocock, Walter C, Goldsworth, Woking, Surrey.
1893 Smerdon, R, 7, Kent's Place, Torquay.
1874 Smith, E., p.o.s., Hillside, Bradninch, Cullompton.
1895*Smith, The Hon. W. F. D., m.p., 3, Grosvenor Place,
London, S.W.
1902 Smith, Lieut-Colonel C. J., j.p., Fairholme, Bideford (Viob-
Presidbnt).
1902 Smith, J. C. Heriz, j.p., Slade, Bideford (Vicb-Prbsidbnt).
1901 Smyth-Osbourne, J. S., j.p., d.l., Ash, Iddesleigh.
1902 Snell, Simeon, f.r.c.s.Bng., j.p., Glenbrook, Teigninouth, and
Moor Lodge, Sheffield.
1902 Soares, E. J., m.p., Upcott, Barnstaple (Vicb-Prbsidbnt).
1896 Somervail, A., Natural History Museum, Torquay.
1891 Southcomh, Rev. H. G., m.a., Roseash Rectory, South Molton.
1901 Spencer, Rev. W. R., m.a., Southernhay, Exeter.
1882 Sprague, F. S., Barnstaple.
1896 Square, J. Harris, Clarendon House, Kingsbridge.
1899 Square, J. Elliot, f.r.c.8., Portland Square, Plymouth.
1902 Squire, Dennis B., Lymebourne, Sidniouth.
1883 Stapledon, J. N., Tadworthy, Northam, Bideford.
1898 Stark, Robert, Ford Park, Chagford, Devon.
1893 Stork, W. P., Hillstead, Basingstoke.
1899 Stawell, George, PenhaUam, Torrington.
1868#Stebbing, Rev. T. R. R., m.a., f.r.&, Ephraim Lodge, The
Common, Tunbridge Wells, Kent
1901 Stevens, John, St. David's Hill, Exeter.
1898 Stevens -Guille, Rev. H. G. de C, Churchford, Little
Torrington.
1900 Stiff, J. Carleton, Alfoxden, Torquay.
1898*St. Maur, Harold, Stover, Newton Abbot.
1902 Strachan- Carnegie, C, j.p., Clevelands, Bideford (Vicb-
Presidbnt).
1885#Strode, George S. S., Newnham Park, Plympton.
1896 Stuart, W., 6, Louisa Terrace, Exmouth.
1902 Stucley, Sir Lewis S., Bart, d.l., Hartland Abbey, Bideford
(Vicb-Prbsidbnt).
1875#Sulivan, Miss, Broom House, Fulham.
1899 Sutcliff, E. Harvey, M.a, Park Villa, Torrington.
1899 Symonds, F. G., Wilts and Dorset Bank, Barnstaple.
1896 Swansea Devonian Society (per S. T. Drew), Swansea.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
746 LIST OF MEMBERS.
1899*Tanner, C. Peile, B.A., Chawleigh Rectory, Chulmleigh.
1902 Tattersill, E. J., j.p., WhitehilL, Bideford (Vicb-Prbsidbnt).
1890 Tavistock Public Library, Bedford Square, Tavistock.
1900 Taylor, Alfred, Erme House, Modbury; also Rasulia, Hos-
hangabad, C.P., India.
1886 Taylor, Arthur Furneaux, Ingleside, Han well, London, W.
1893 Taylor, J., j.p., p.l.8., p.o.s., 15, Lucius Street, Torquay.
1889 Taylor, Rev. C. H., m.a., Abbey Towers, Tavistock.
lSSl*Tebbitt9 W.
1901 Tennent, Dr. Gaillard S., 40, Patton Avenue, Asheville.
North Carolina, U.S.A.
1901 Thomas, H. Preston, 2, Baring Crescent, Exeter.
1902 Thompson, C. S., m.b., Grenville House, Bideford.
1868 Thornton, Rev. W. H., b.a., Rectory, North Bovey, Moreton-
hampstead.
1902 Thorpe, Rev. G. Smith, Rectory, Bridestowe.
1901 Tothill, F. H., B.A., Tedburn Rectory, Exeter.
1902 Tothill, Waring W., 1, Cambridge Park, Redland, Bristol.
1869*Tothill, W., Stoke Bishop, Bristol.
1902 Trapnell, E., j.p., High Street, Bideford (Vice-President).
1887 Treby, General Phillippa, j.p., Goodamoor, Ply nip ton.
1901 Tremlett, C. H., Fairpark, Exeter.
1898 Tribe, Venerable Archdeacon, m.a., Awliscombe, Honiton,
1902#Trist, Pendarves, 11, Cottesmore Gardens, Kensington,
London, S.W.
1889 Troup, J. Rose, Beaumont House, Ottery St. Mary.
1887 Troup, Mrs., Beaumont House, Ottery St Mary.
1876 Tucker, R. C, The Hall, Ashburton.
1902 Tudor, Rev. Preb., Rectory, Lustleigh.
1902 Turner, W. H., j.p., The Barton, Bideford (Vice-President).
1901 Turner, Rev. R., Vicarage, Colyton.
1880 Turner, T., j.p., f.r.mr. soc., Cullompton.
1881 Varwell, H. B., 2, Pennsylvania Park, Exeter.
1889 Vaughan, Mrs., Westbourne, Budleigh Salterton.
1899 Vaughan, W., j.p., c.c, Enderley, Torrington.
1899 Vaughan, W. F., Wich House, Torrington.
1887 Venning, J. J. K, Penlee Gardens, Stoke, Devonport
1884 Vicary, W., The KnoU, Newton Abbot,
1862*Vicary, W., p.o.s., The Priory, Colleton Crescent, Exeter.
1902 Vidal, Edwin Sealy, Fremington (Vice-President).
1893 Vigors, Col. Philip D., j.p., Holloden, Bagenalstown,
Co. Carlow, Ireland.
1901 Vincent, Sir Edgar, k.c.m.g., m.p., Esher Place, Esher,
Surrey (President-elect).
1902 Vincent, G. W., j.p., Glenville, Bideford (Vice-President).
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
LIST OF MEMBERS. 747
1893 Wade, C. H., m.a., d.p.h., f.l.s., Glenwood, West Cliff-on-
the-Sea.
1901 Wadmore, John Mello, Trinity College, Oxford.
1893 Wain wright, T., North Devon Athenaeum, Barnstaple.
1893 Walker, Robert, m.d., East Terrace, Budleigh Salterton.
1895 Walpole, Spencer C, 10, Strath more Gardens, London.
1901 Ward, A. E, St. Leonard Road, Exeter.
1901 Ward, Rev. Joseph Heald, Silverton Rectory, Exeter.
1889 Ware, C. E, Iddesleigh, Heavitree Road, Exeter.
1897 Watson, Richard Hnxham, d.l., j.p., Brook, Totnes.
1900 Watts, Mrs. R. J., 1, Trafalgar Villas, Stoke, Devonport.
1900#Wbbkbs, Miss Lega-, Sunny Nook, Rugby Mansions,
Addison Bridge, London, W.
1901 Welch, Charles A., Barristers, Hall, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
1870*Were, T. K., m.a., Cotlands; Sidmouth.
1900*Wethey, Charles Henry, 223, Beverley Street, Toronto,
Canada.
1866#Wbtmouth, R. R, D.Lit, M.A., Collaton House, Brentwood,
Essex.
1893 Whale, Rev. T. W., m.a., Mount Nessing, Weston Park,
Bath.
1873*Whidborne, Rev. G. F., M.A., f.g.s., Priory, Westbury-on-
Trym, Bristol.
1872JWhitaker, W., b.a., F.B.S., f.g.s., Assoc. Inst. C.E., F. San.
Inst., 3, Campden Road, Croydon.
1875 White-Thomson, Col. Sir R. T., c.b., j.p., Broomford Manor,
Exbourne, North Devon.
1893 White, T. Jeston, Standen Villa, Westminster Road, HanwelJ.
1902 Whitehead, H. C, High Street, Bideford (Vice-President).
1897 Whitley, H. Michell, Trevella, Eastbourne.
1902 Wickham, Miss, Glenside, Bideford.
1890*Wilcocks, Horace Stone, Mannamead, Plymouth.
1901 Wilcox, W. R., The Union League Club, New York.
1883*Wiilcocks, A. D., m.r.o.8., Park Street, Taunton.
1881*Willcocks, F., m.d., p.r.c.p., 14, Mandeville Place, Man-
chester Square, London, W.
1877*Willcocks, G. W., M.iMtc.E., 4, College Hill, Cannon Street,
London, E.C.
1877*Willcocks, R. H., ll.b., 4, College Hill, Cannon Street,
London, E.C.
1877*Willcocks, Rev. E J., M.A., The School House, Warrington,
Lancashire.
1876*Willcocks, W. K., m.a., 6, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn,
London, W.C.
1901*Willey, H. A., Pennsylvania Terrace, Exeter.
1893 Willis, H, Lennox Lodge, Shanklin, Isle of Wight.
1899 Willis, Mrs., Lennox Lodge, Shanklin, Isle of Wight.
1893 Willmot, Miss, May field, Budleigh Salterton.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
748 LIST OF MEMBERS.
1897 Wills, J.f Dodbrooke, Littleover Hill, Derby.
1901 Wilson, Thomas, Swiss Cottage, Pennsylvania, Exeter.
1875*Wiltshire, Rev. T., M.A., f.g.s., f.l.8., f.k.a.8., Hon. Sec
Palaeontographical and Ray Societies, 25, Granville
Park, Lewisham, London, S.W.
1875#Windbatt, Edward, Bridgetown, Totnes.
1896 Windbatt, George E, Bridgetown, Totnes.
1872 Windeatt, T. W., Totnes.
1896 Winget, W., Glen Almond, Cockington, Torquay.
1902 Winterscale, Lieut.-Colonel J. F. M., j.p., Buckleigh, West-
ward Ho ! Bideford (Vice-President).
1872#Winwood, Rev. H. H., it a., p.g.s., 1 1, Cavendish Crescent, Bath.
1884*Wolfe, J. E, Apartado 450, Havana, Cuba.
1898 Wood, R. H., p.s.a., f.r.g.8., Belmont, Sidmouth.
1884*Woodhodse, H. B. S., 4, St. Lawrence Road, Plymouth.
1901 Woollcombe, Robert Lloyd, m.p., ll.d., 14, Waterloo Road,
Dublin.
1886 Woollcombe, W. J., St. Maurice, Plympton.
1891 Worth, R. Hanspord, c.e., 4, Seaton Avenue, Plymouth.
1876 Wright, W. H. K, Headland House, Headland Park,
Plymouth.
1895*Wykes-Finch, Rev. W., m.a., j.p., The Monks, Chaddesley
Corbett, Kidderminster; and North Wyke, near Oke-
hampton.
1900 Yeo, Miss Mary E. J. Hols worthy, Rossi Street, Yass, New
South Wales.
1900 Yeo, W. Curzon, 92, Beaumont Avenue, Richmond, Surrey.
1895 Young, E. H., m.d., Darley House, Okehampton.
The folUwing TabU contains a Summary of tho foregoing Liat.
Honorary Members .
Corresponding Member
Life Members
Annual Members
Total, October 31st, 1902
3
1
114
463
581
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
INDEX.
Abbott, Wm., 435, 440. \
Abingdon, James Bertie, Earl of, 150.
Ackland, Palmer, 615.
Acland, Sir P. F., 632.
Aijams, — , 157.
Joan, 341.
Theo., 148.
Thomas, 341.
Maxwell, Index to the Printed
Literature relating to North Devon,
344.
Ailriche8cot, 588.
Alfintona, 724.
Alford, John, 148.
Allison, Allingeston, 582, 593, 596,
721.
Allingeston, Richard de, 595.
Roger de, 596.
Alnythcot, Alured de, 725.
Alrichestona, 724.
Alverdiscott Church, 208.
Alvington West, Barrow at, 114, 127.
Amber in Barrows, 132.
Ameredeth, Edward, 726.
Amery, Osbert de, 423.
P. F. S., 104.
Report-Folk-lore, S3.
Ammonius, Andrea*,^284.
Amyatt, Amyott, Benjamin, 341.
Edward, 329.
■-— James, 332, 335, 339.
John, 328, 331, 335, 337.
Anderson, John William, 154.
Andrew, John, Sir John, 209, 211,
221.
/ Aps, John, 202.
Arboyn, Jane, 265.
Archdekin, Warin de, 587.
Archerton Newtake, Barrow at, 110,
114, 120, 128, 131.
Arscott, Richard, 210, 221.
*" ' , Thomas, 152.
Anmdell, — ,441.
John, 282, 283.
Sir Thomas, 434, 723.
Ashburton, Dunning, Lord, 152,
DEVON. ASSOC.: INDEX TO VOL. XXXIV. [VOL. IV., SECOND SERIK8.]
Ashley, John, 34.
Ashton Church Screen and Rood
Loft, 535, 541.
Ashwater, 730.
Ashworth, Edward, 201.
Atherington Church Screen, 539, 541,
546.
Atkinson, — , 237, 238, 240.
Attwill, William, 608.
Audeley, Audley, Hugh de, 206.
James, Lord, 730.
Aula, Ralph de, 429.
Austin, Austyn, Charles, 149.
Henry, 712.
Peter, 149.
Sarah, 149.
Ursula, 149.
Authors, Grace, 171.
Avenell, Elizabeth, 634.
John, 633.
Ayllamare, Matilda, 712.
Aysshe, Margaret, 148.
Baggilhoole, Thomas, 438-.
Bagott, Thomas, 149.
Bagwell, John, 150.
Baker, Henry, 429.
Robert, 432.
Balance Sheet, etc., 28.
Ball, Anthonys 330.
Barbara, 329.
Giles, 608.
John, 148.
Susanna, 329.
William, 149. *
Wilmot, 829, 330.
Ball Meadow, Okehampton, 151.
Ballamy, Charity, 630.
John, 629.
Banbury, Samuel, 259.
Banfield, William, 248.
Banton, Matthew de, 675.
Baring-Gould, S., 104.
Report of Dartmoor
Exploration Committee, 160.
Barnstaple, 718,
3 B
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
750
INDEX.
Baron, John, 619, 633.
Barrow Committee, Twenty- first Re-
port of, 104.
Index to first twenty
Reports, 135.
Barrows, the Form and Structure of,
118.
Index to Localities in first
twenty-three vols, of Transactions,
143.
Bartlet, Bartlett, John, 248, 414.
William, 212, 213, 410, 411,
412, 414.
Basset, John, Sir John, 203, 652.
Bate, C. Spence, 104, 107, 129.
Battishill, John, 587, 609, 641.
Bauceyn, Richard, 726.
Bayly, John, 197.
Bazeley, Francis Ley, 222.
Beale, Thomas, 413.
Bear Down House, Kistvaen near,
114, 127.
Beare, Henry, 433.
Beaumont, Bello Monte, Richard de,
427, 428, 589, 590.
Roger, 221.
Thomas, 723.
Beaupel, Robert, 431.
Bedeford — see Bideford.
Bedford, Christopher, 222.
John, Duke of, 153.
Bell, T. C, 197, 198.
Bell Inscription at Bidefctd, 219.
Bellaford Tor, Kistvaen at, 114, 115.
Belltteld, John, 330.
Bennett, William, 214.
Bent, George, 153.
Benyns, Roger, 472.
Bereford, William de, 429.
Berneheus, John, 433.
Roger, 432.
Berneville, Henry de, 595.
Robert de, 595.
William de, 595.
Berry, Lady, 230.
Berry Down Barrows, 120, 121, 123,
124, 127, 128, 130.
Berry Pomeroy Rood Loft, 541.
Berryman, — , 382.
John, 432.
Roger, 332.
Bewes, Bewse, Frances, 629.
John, 629.
Bickford, George, 152.
Bickington, 727.
Bicteworthy, Stephen, 482.
Bideford, 726.
History of the Church and
Rectors, 201 .
Long Bridge, 202,204,228.
Bideford, Loss of Records, 218.
— List of Rectors, 221.
Early Nonconformity in,
410.
Edith de, 670.
and Okehampton Railway,
168.
Bidewell, Richard, 434.
Birds in the South Hams, Twelve
Months' Notes on, 403.
Bitaford, Geof. de, 424.
Joel de, 424.
Bittercombe, Augustine de, 206.
Blackabrook, Kistvaen near, 114,
116.
Black Newtake, Kistvaen near, 114.
Blackslade Down Kistvaen, 128.
Blackwell, Charles, 249, 250.
Blakedon, Blakeland, Walerand de
427, 428.
Blaston, John, 559.
Bleda, Richard, 424.
Bleynch, Blinch, Henry, 432.
Richard, 259.
Blovou, Richard, 479.
Bodeton, Isabella de, 726.
Bodlegh, William, 399.
Bodlowe, John, 559.
Bogan, Walter, 328.
Bohon, Humphrey de, 459, 466.
Boker, John, 433.
Bolt, Alan, 712.
Bolton, Charles, Duke of, 328.
Boly, John, 712.
Bond, — , 243.
F.Bligh, on Devonshire Screens
and Rood Lofts, 531.
Bondsfield, Okehampton, 159.
Bone Objects in Barrows, 132.
Bonevyle, John de, 481.
Bonn, Francis, 340.
Borhard, William de, 289.
Bourchier, Fulk, 434, 723.
Bovey Tracey Rood Loft, 541.
Bow, 148.
Church Screen, 542.
Bowber, Robert, 401, 402.
Bowdage, Tristram, 328.
Bowden, Gregory, 881.
Richard, 149.
Bowen, Henry, 244.
Bowerland, Okehampton, 152.
Bowey, Emma, 671.
John de, 671.
Bowker, William, 646.
Bowring, Deborah, Lady, 38.
Bowycr, Boyer, Richard, 149, 150.
Bradninch Rood Loft, 547.
Brady, — , 238.
Bragg, W. N., 198.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX.
751
Branscombe, Barrow at, 114, 119,
130, 134.
Braose, William de, 728, 729, 731.
Bractone, Brattone, Henry de, 204,
221.
Bratton Down Barrows, 118.
Braunton, 715.
Church Screen, 542.
Brawlerde, John, 646.
Bray, Mrs., 119.
William, 199.
Braybroke, Nicholas de, 207, 221.
Robert de, 207, 221.
Brayley, George, 246.
William, 636.
Bremelcombe, John, 149.
Bremelrigg, Richard de, 597.
Brewer, Briwer, Alice, 584.
William, 428, 585, 724, 731.
Bridestowe Church Screen, 540, 545.
Bridford Church Screen, 539.
Barrow at, 131.
Bridges, James Colman, 154.
Bridgman, — , 198.
— — — ^— V 198
Brightley, Chapel of, 148.
Isabel, 691.
Broad Down, Honiton, Barrows at,
106, 112, 114, 116, 117, 120, 121,
128, 125, 127, 128, 130-2.
Broadmoor, Okehampton, 151.
Brock, — , 199.
John, 171.
Broke, William, 619.
Bronze Implements in Barrows, 129.
Broom Closes, Okehampton, 149.
Brown Heath, Kistvaen on, 114.
Browne, Broun, Richard, 221.
William, 432.
Brownlow, Rt Rev. Wm. Robt., 33.
Brudenell, Hathory, 340.
Bruford, John, 327.
William, 326.
Brunei, Isambard, 197.
Brushfield, Dr. T. N., 104.
On John Sixtinus, 276.
Raleghana, 455.
Brushford Church Screen, 536, 538,
546.
Bryane, Guy de, 730.
Bryce, John Pablo, 88.
Bryden, — , 241.
Bryton, John, 433.
Buck, — , 235.
George, 246, 257, 260.
Lewis, 261.
Richard Hugh Keats, 222.
William, 260.
Buckland, 731.
Buckley, James, 331-8, 335, 339, 342.
Budd, C, 198.
John, 159.
Samuel, 171.
Budleigh, East, Church Screen, 542.
Lower, 715.
Bugbury, Robert, 559.
Bullworthie, Reginald de, 208.
Bullworthy, 208.
Burd, — , 198.
J. Marsh, 198.
\y# i99#
Wiiliamj 157, 169.
Burdesden, John de, 424.
Burlescombe Church Screen and
Rood Loft, 541, 542.
Burnard, Richard, 342.
Robert, 104, 109, 113, 128,
159.
on Disappearing Stone
Monuments, 166.
Burnel, Burnell, John, 595, 597.
Katharine, 633.
Ralph, 585, 597.
Roger de, 597.
William, 595.
Burnham Estate, 149.
Burrow Park Tolly Barrow, 120,
127, 128, 182.
Burscough, Richard, 327.
Bury, John, 673.
Butcher and Ox Inn, Okehampton,
159.
Butler, Thomas, 148.
Bye-laws and Standing Orders, 15.
Byrch, William, 326.
Cadding, John, 156.
Cad well, Florence, 215.
Hugh, 215.
John, 215.
Cairns, 106.
Calmady, — , 149.
John, 148.
■ Launcelot, 149.
Thomas, 148.
Calverleigh Rood Loft, 541.
Calverslake Tor, Kistvaen at, 128,
129.
Campbell, Sir John, 236.
Camville, Geoffrey de, 730.
Can, Cann, — , 171.
Edmund, 148.
George, 616, 628.
John, 624.
Mark, 617, 627, 631, 632.
Richard, 149.
Thomas, 627.
William, 148.
Carew Family, 276.
John, Sir John, 283, 587, 723.
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
752
INDEX.
Carew, Mary, 899.
Nicholas, 434.
Carnal Interments, 119.
Carpenter, J., 198.
John, 165.
Nathaniel, 151.
Thomas Willing, 330.
William Heanes, 165.
Carter, Anne, 151.
John, 326, 331.
Joseph, 151.
Thomas, 149.
Cartreo, Manger de, 585.
Cartwright, Thomas, 155.
Cary, George, 673.
Grace, 637.
Robert, 435.
Catford, Roger, 703.
Gaunter, Hester, 149.
William, 149.
Caylewey, John, 434.
Celwood, John, 562.
Chadder, William, 343.
Chagford Common, Barrows on, 110,
113, 114, 120, 121.
Kistvaens at
Thornworthy, 115, 127, 129.
Challacombe Barrow, 114, 120, 127.
Challis, Charles, 397, 399, 401.
Champernoune, Arthur, 328, 339.
Channings, Thomas, 199.
Chapell, Chappie, Henry, 608, 621,
622.
John, 171, 608, 616, 621.
Charnock, Richard, 279, 280, 284.
Charteray, John de, 427.
Chaunterre Lands, Okehampton, 1 48.
Chentona, 723.
Cheseldon, Margery, 595.
Chichacott Manor, 148, 149.
Chichester, — , 230.
Sir Arthur, 280.
Arthur, Lord, 230, 463,
465, 480, 609.
Sir John, 463, 464.
Chittaford Down Kistvaen and
Circles, 115-17.
Chope, R. Pearse, Early History of
the Manor of Hartland, 418.
Thomas, 225.
Christow, Barrow at, 139.
Church Screen, 540.
Chudleigh, Barrow at Littlehill, 120,
121, 127.
Churchill, Charles, 413.
Clack, — , 167.
Clare, Gilbert de, 206.
Clarke, Sir Andrew, 36.
Elizabeth, 397.
John, 333, 335, 338, 341, 343.
Clarke, Mary, 151.
— — Richard, 151.
Clavile, Walter, 595.
Clayhanger Rood Loft, 541.
Clement, William, 331.
Clenenebnrgh, William, 715.
Cleveland, — , 223.
John, 260.
William, 230.
Clifford, Clyfford, Alan de, 432.
William de, 429.
Family, 730.
Clift, John, 329.
Climate of Devon, Twentieth Report
on, 59.
Clistone, 723.
Clive, Lord, 152, 153.
Clotworthy, Margaret, 697.
Clyde, John, 246.
Cobeton, Henry de, 718.
William de, 718.
Cobley, Coblegh, John, 631, 690,
691, 692.
Margaret, 690, 702.
Cockey, Anne, 341.
James, 326.
Richard, 827.
Cocktree, 585.
Coketrewe, John de, 597.
Richard, 598.
Cockworthy, Alice, 692.
Codrington, John, 614.
Coffin, Cofyn, Alice, 675.
Richard, 685.
William, Sir William, 210,
436, 471.
Colaton Raleigh, 724.
Colby, Walter, 712.
Cole, Coles, Cicely, 161.
Henry, Harry, 246, 551.
Humphrey, 559, 562.
John, 151, 326.
Philip, 437.
Richard, 331, 332, 888, 334,
335.
Robert, 149.
Winifred, 150.
Colebeare, Christian, 635.
John, 635.
Colebrook Church Screen, 538.
Coleridge Church Screen, 688.
Colet, John, 280, 284, 285.
Coletune, Robert de, 725.
Colley, Thomas, 698.
Collier, William Frederick, 35.
Colling, Collings, — , 154.
H. R., 198.
John, 155, 168.
Colthirst, Matthew, 651, 559, 561
Colton, Peter, 338.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDBX.
753
Combebrune, Louisa, 266.
Committee, Twentieth (Third Series)
Report of, on Climate of Devon, 59.
Nineteenth Report of, on
Devonshire Folk-lore, 83.
Nineteenth Report of, on
Devonshire Verbal Provincialisms,
90.
Twenty-first Report of the
Barrow, 104.
Eleventh Report of, on
Devonshire Records, 141.
Eighth Report of Dart-
moor Exploration, 160.
Compton, — , 441.
Henry, 435.
Peter, 435.
William, 435.
Constantine Bay, Barrow at, 111,
120, 127, 129.
Consul, Robert the, 205.
Conway, Popham, 328.
Cook, Mary, 329.
Coplestone, Anthony, 619.
William, 633.
Coppe, Walter, 423.
Corbyn, Osbert, 726.
Cordwell, Richard, 226.
Cornish, William, 332.
Cornu, Robert, 690.
William, 693.
Cornwall, John, Earl of, 463.
Cornwalle, Sir Robert, 221.
Cory, — , 171.
Coryton, Anne, 689.
Cosdon Beacon, Kistvaen on, 114.
Cottell, Cottelle, Roger, 432.
William, 148.
Cotterell, Richard, 433.
Coulson, Thomas, 828.
Courtenay, Edward, 697, 717.
Hugh, Sir Hugh, 148,
154, 460, 478, 670.
John, 722.
Mary, 722.
Muriel, 433.
Peter, 152.
Robert, Sir Robert, 147,
154.
Sir Thomas, 722.
William, Sir William,
328, 598, 731.
Family, 276.
Courtis, Grace, 152.
Cowick Priory, 147.
Prior of, 151.
Cox Tor Barrow, 118.
Cozen, John, 712.
Cranbrook Castle, 167.
Cranch, Richard, 705.
Creamer, Richard, 614.
Crediton, 728.
Church Inventory, 551.
Cremation, 120.
Crobham, John, 635.
Crocker, Croker, John, 438.
Nicholas, 326.
Walter, 713.
Croft, Henry, 615.
Crooke, William, 725.
Croote, E., 198.
William, 171.
Cross, Francis, 171.
James, 328.
John, 325, 827, 433.
Crossway Close Barrow, 127.
Crotch, James, 198.
John, 198.
Crow Tor, Kistvaen at, 115, 129.
Cruwys More hard Church Screen,
548.
Cruys, Cruwes, Samuel, 332.
William de, 428.
Cubitt, William, 33.
Cudmoore, John, 151.
Cullompton Rood Loft, 541, 542, 547.
Culmstock, Witch Superstition at, 83.
Cuming, William, 340, 342.
Cunningham, Rebecca, 150, 152.
Curson, John, 614.
Richard, 646.
Curworthy Manor, 157.
Dalyar, Nicholas, 432.
Damere), John, 614, 615.
William, 615, 616, 618,
631, 632.
Danvers, Arthur, 330.
Joseph, 339, 341.
Darracott, Daniel, 225.
Dartmoor, Local names of Tors, 85.
Index to Localities in first
Eight Reports of Committee, 141.
Eighth Report of Ex-
ploration Committee, 160.
Petrography of, 496.
Dartmouth Rood Loft, 547.
Davey, Davie, Davye, Captain, 231.
Ann, 397.
Christopher, 230.
Edward, 397.
Emmanuel, 401.
— - Gertrude, 402.
John, 576.
Robert, 559.
Davies, Davyes, Charles, 228.
John, 225.
Joseph, 230.
Nicholas, 326.
Robert, 148.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
754
INDBX.
Davyll, William, 653.
Daw, John, 559.
Dawlish Rood Loft, 541.
Dayman, Agnes, 438.
Joanna, 438.
Mark, 438.
Deadman's Bottom, Kistvaen at, 108,
110, 115, 117, 122, 123, 128, 129.
Delburn, Henry, 713.
Deneband, Philip, 424.
Deneford, Bartholomew de, 481.
Dennis, Denys, Annie, 243.
James, 253.
John, 436, 683.
Richard, 436.
Thomas, 150.
Depeford, 717.
Devon, Earl of, 195.
Devonshire Association, Its Incep-
tion, 43.
Devonshire Verbal Provincialisms,
Nineteenth Report on, 90.
Records, Eleventh Report
of Committee, 147.
ScreensandRood Lofts,531.
Domesday, 716, 717.
Devonshire Lady's Notes of Travel
in France, 265.
Digby, Colonel, 214.
Dinan, Dinham Family, 420, 722.
Dinant, Dynham, Sir John, 684.
Oliver de, 721.
Dipeford, Dupe ford, John, 432.
William de, 424, 429.
Docton, William, 230.
Dodenesford, Richard de, 432.
Doe, G. M.f on Torrington, Devon,
and Torrington, Connecticut, 575.
Doe Tor, Kistvaen at, 115.
Domesday Analysis, Index to, 289
Identifications, 715.
Donn, Benjamin, 226, 229.
Dorsington, John de, 206.
Doubt, Philip, 226.
Downall, Downhall, Rev. J., 170,
198, 199.
Downe, Oliver, 148.
Dowrish Family, 394.
Dowston, Mary, 151.
Drake, — , 172.
John, 282.
Richard, 171.
Dredge, Rev. John Ingle, 46, 204.
Drewe, Christopher, 149.
Francis, 330, 331.
H., 199.
Drew's Barton, Okehampton, 150.
Drizzlecombe Barrow, 115-18, 123,
127.
Dunard, Edward, 225.
Duncan, Alex. G., on the Long
Bridge of Bideford, 223.
Dunheved, Ernisius de, 423.
Geoffrey de, 423.
Dunning, Dunnynge, Richard, 627.
Sir William, 221.
Dunscombe Manor, Sidmouth, Inter-
ments at, 119.
Dupe ford, de — see Dipeford.
Durant, — , 171.
Thomas, 171.
W. K., 171.
William, 171.
Dyer, John, 343.
Dygge, Richard, 619.
Dymngs, Samuel, 326.
Dyteleye, Robert de, 427.
Eaglescliffe Rectory, 283.
Earth Barrows, 106.
East Town and Honey Church Mill,
Okehampton, 159.
Eastawell Downs, Exbourne, 153.
Eastchurch, John, 626.
Easte, Este, William, 212, 222.
Easterbrook, John, 158.
Eastman, P. W„ 199.
Eaton, Nathaniel, 222, 414.
Ebbsworthy, Peter, 148.
Susanna, 148.
Ebrey, — , 250.
Edgcombe, Sir Thomas, 203.
Edwards, T., 150.
Efford, John, 329.
Eger, Walter, 432.
Elinton — see Yealmptou.
Ellacott, John, 150.
Elliot, E. A. S., on Birds in the
South Hams District, 403.
Ellis, Elys, — , 243, 250.
Roger, 282.
Elston, Giles, 331.
Eltham, John, 463.
Elworthy, F. T., on Witch Super-
stitions, 83.
Endacott, John, 622.
Thomas, 626.
his Will, 643.
Epitaphs, 215, 216.
Erasmus, 279, 280, 283.
Erie, Honor, 694.
Eryngton, Sir Richard, 557, 558.
Esse, Adam de, 424.
Este—se* Easte.
Estridge, Jane, 329.
Evans, D. O., Folk-lore, 84.
Exbourne Parsonage, 156.
Church Screen, 542.
Exeter, 718.
Exmoor Barrows, 118, 127, 133.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX.
755
Fabyan, William, 332.
Fairford, John de, 432.
Fathaford Ball, Okehampton, 161.
Fattecott, William de, 424.
Fees of the Bishop of Exeter in
Testa de Nevil, 566.
Fellowes, Arthur, 614.
Hon. N., 171.
Feniton Rood Loft, 541.
Fern Closes, Okehampton, 149, 159.
Fern worthy, 163.
Barrows at, 115, 124,
127, 128, 129, 131, 132.
Filham, Nicholas de, 481.
Firth, Cecil M., 104.
Fisher, Fyssher, John, 562.
Fishleigh, Hatherleigh, 167.
Fitzhamon, Mabel, 205.
Robert, 201, 205.
Flay, Philip, 619.
Flint Implements, etc., in Barrows,
128.
Folk-lore, Devonshire, Nineteenth
Report of Committee, 83.
Follett, Sir William, 236.
Forde, Edward, 559, 662.
John de, 424.
Forgotten Episode in Devon County
History, 394.
Fortescue, Bartholomew, 665.
John, 690.
Fortune-telling in Devon, 85, 88.
Fosfeld, Fosfelle, Alfred de, 424, 429.
Fownes, John, 328.
Fox, John, 338.
Joseph, 327, 330, 331, 332.
Peter, 329.
Fox and Goose Inn, Bideford, 261.
Frankcheyne, Richard, 434.
Frankmore, Charles, 329.
Fraunceys, Henry, 433.
Frayne, John, 150.
Freemen of Totnes, List of, 705.
Friend, Frynde, George, 266.
John, 148.
his Will, 641.
Frosto, Robert, 557, 558.
Frye, John, 423.
Fulford, —, 172, 198.
John, 655.
R., 198.
Thomas, 635.
Fulker, Richard, 712.
Furres, Furse, Edmund, 148.
John, 148.
Fursdon, George, 157.
Furze Ball, Okehampton, 152.
Fussingford Church, Emblems of the
Passion in, 543.
Fyssher — see Fisher.
Galle, Robert, 433.
Gambon, John, 634.
Garrow, Peter, 226.
Gascoyne, Nathaniel, 227.
Gasking, Edmund, 150.
Hannah, 160.
Gassell, John, 711.
Gatepathe, Geoffrey de, 477.
Wm. de, 472.
Gay, Gaye, Nicholas, 325, 326.
- Peter, 338, 342, 343.
Gayer, Hester, 149.
John, 149.
George, Nicholas, 151.
Gearing, Abraham, 225.
Giant's Basin, Drizzlecombe, 118.
Gibbings, — , 199.
Gidley, Bartholomew, 151, 159.
Giffard, Hardinge F., on Giffard's
Jump, 648.
Arthur, 213, 222, 411.
Bartholomew, 427, 428.
John, 411, 436, 620.
Mary, 633.
Matthew de, 427, 428.
Roger, 260.
Family, 649, et seq.
Giffard's Jump, 648.
Gilbert, Gylberte, G., 335.
John, 333, 334, 337.
Richard, 209, 221.
Giles, William, 252.
Gill, Thomas, 197, 198.
Gillis, Peter, 285.
Gittisham Hill, Barrow at, 107, 120,
127, 129, 131, 133, 134.
Glanville, Rev. Roger, History of
the Church at Bideford, 200.
Glass Objects in Barrows, 132.
Gollye — see Joll.
Goodman, John, 151.
Gostwick, Prideaux, 171.
Gournard, Sir Richard, 204.
Gower, J., 198.
John, Earl, 219, 243, 256.
Grant, Thomas, 246.
Granville, Roger, 222 {see also Gren-
ville).
Great Gnat's Head, Kistvaen at, 110,
111, 115.
Great Nodden, Kistvaen at, 112, 115.
Great Torrington, Barrow at, 107,
111, 120, 122.
Great Whiten Tor Barrows, 111, 120.
Green, James, 232.
Grenedon, John de, 597.
Grenville, Granville, Grauntvild,
Graynetild, Graynfeld, Graynfyld,
Greenville, Greenvill, Greinville,
Grenevil, Grenvell, Grenvile,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
756
INDEX.
Grenvill, Grenville, Greynfyild,
Greynvyle, Amys de, 209.
Barnard, 213, 413.
Bartholomew de, 208.
Sir Bevill, 213.
Bridget, 637.
Henry de, 207.
Honor, 203.
Jane, 203.
John, Sir John, 22, 562.
Lady Mary, 212.
Sir Richard de, 201, 204,
205, 212, 596, 670.
Sir Thomas, 203, 217.
Sir Theobald de, 204.
Grey, Edmund, 683.
Grey Wethers, Barrows near, 111,
122.
Pound near, 164.
Greyhound Marsh, Postbridge, Hut
Dwelling near, 164.
Grills, John, 329.
Grimsgrove, Kistvaen at, 115-17.
Grimslake Barrows, 115, 117, 122.
Groot, Richard, 258.
Growdon, Robert, 148.
William, 147.
Gullock, John, 621, 622.
Gurney — see Gournard.
Gutter, Kistvaen at, 115.
Gwyn, Francis, 328, 330, 332, 338,
339.
Haccombe, 276.
Church, 278.
Stephen de, 276, 277.
Hackwill, Hakewell, Hakewyll, Joan,
711.
John, 711, 716.
Geoffrey, 711, 712.
Halberton Church Screen, 535.
Haldon, Barrows on, 115, 120, 127,
133
Hall, John Att, 712.
Halwill, Burrow Park Tolly Barrow,
108, 109, 111, 120, 122, 127.
Hamlyn, Hamelayn, Calmady, 170.
J. Calmady, 197.
Shilston Calmady, 198, 199.
Richard, 712.
Hammeldon Down Barrows, 107, 108,
120, 129, 131, 132.
Hammer, J., 415.
Hancock, Abraham, 329.
Harberton Rood Loft, 541.
Harford, Kistvaen at, 115, 117.
Harlowin, John, 327, 331.
Harlyn Bay, Kistvaen at, 119.
Harpley, Rev. W., President's Ad-
dress, 40.
Harris, John, 149, 150, 338.
Samuel, 151.
Sir W. Snow, 46.
Hart, Henry, 712, 715.
Hartland, 721.
Early History of Manor,
418.
Free and Customary Ten-
ants in, 443 et teq.
Hartley, — , 238, 239.
Harvey, Harvie, Hervye, — , 239.
Anthony, 551, 559, 562.
John, 329.
Hawker, Treasurer, 42.
Hawkes, — , 198.
H., 198.
Henry, 195, 199.
Hugh, 334.
John, 154, 155, 157.
M., 199.
Philip, 154.
Robert, 153, 154, 156.
Haydon, John, 562.
Hayne, Adam, 470.
Anastasia, 397.
Heale, — , 171.
John, 199.
Hearder, Jonathan, 46.
Heath Hill, 149.
Heathcote, C. D., 435.
Helyar, William, 625.
Helyon, Hylion, Robert de, 725.
Hemborow, Robert, 156.
Hempston, Broad and Little, 289.
Hempstone Ridge, Barrow at, 107,
109, 111, 122, 129.
Hennock, Kistvaen at, 115.
Hen tor, Kistvaen at, 115.
Herbert, John, 222.
William, 226.
Hereford, Roger, de Sutton, 148.
Hereward, John, 423.
Hernaman, Joan, 623.
Hervey, James, 219, 259.
Hessary Tor, Kistvaen at, 115.
Hewitt, — , 199.
Heywood, E., 246.
Humphrey, 622.
John, 624.
Thomas, 246.
William Hamlyn, 260,
261.
Hidon, John de, 722.
Higher Bowden Manor, 156.
Higher Bulstone, Kistvaen at, 115.
Higher Chapel, Dolton, 159.
Higher Watercombe Barrow, 127.
Higher White Tor Circles, 117.
Hill, George, 156.
Thomas, 434.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
INDEX.
757
Hingeston-Randolph, Preb., 204.
Hoare, Hore, Thomas, 626, 627, 628.
Hobbye, Joan, 702.
Hocking, — 151.
John, 152.
Thomas Pearce, 152.
William, 171.
Hodder, Daniel, 626.
Hogg, James, 246.
John, 246.
Holbeton Church Screen, 538.
Hole, — , 171.
Mrs., 171.
George, 171.
H. A., 153.
Humphrey Aram, 153, 154,
156.
Richard, 153, 619.
Robert, 635.
Holebroke, Henry de, 424.
Hole Down, Exbournc, 151.
Hollacoml>e, John, 150.
Holland, H., 158, 159.
Henry, 157.
Thomas, 434.
Hollgrave, Joshua, 214.
Holmes. John, 630.
Holne, Urglas de, 725.
Holne Rood Loft, 541.
Holne Moor, Circles on, 167.
Holwell, Edward, 326.
John, 557, 558.
Honeychurch, Samuel, 171.
Honiton Rood Loft, 541.
Hookway, R. T., 242.
Hooper, — , 154.
John, 159, 329.
Rowland, 171.
Sergt, 230.
Hopkins, Rice, 195.
Roger, 170, 171, 172, 200.
Thomas, 195.
Horn Objects in Barrows, 132.
Horwood, James, 259.
Hostiarius, William, 584.
Hound Tor, Kistvaen near, 116.
Howard, Andrew, 150.
John, 150.
Hoyle, John, Will of, 641.
Huddesdon, John de, 713.
Huge, Adam, 432.
Huish, Francis, 155.
Hull-Terrell, — , 195.
Hnndon, John, 559.
Hunt, A. R., 43.
on Start Point to Petitor,
482.
John, 562.
Huntshaw, Barrow at, 107, 108, 111,
115, 120, 122, 131.
Hurston Ridge Barrow, 107, 111,
122, 123, 127.
Hussey, Elizabeth, 149.
John, 149, 150.
Simon, 149.
Thomas, 149, 338.
Hutchinson, P. O., 104, 105, 112,
119, 127. 132.
Hyde, William, 149.
Hyne, Geoffrey, 432.
Hypegras, John, 434.
Hytt, Elizabeth, 149.
Ilbert, William Roope, 38.
Ilfracombe, Palmistry at, 86.
Inglett, Egidius, 148.
Interments, Ancient, 108, 109.
Inventories of Crediton and Ottery
Churches, 551.
Isacke, Philip, 212, 222.
Itton Manor, 598, 647, 720.
Jackson, William B., 246.
Jacob, Fanny, 397.
John, 402.
James, Johu, 434.
Nicholas, 432
William, 212, 221.
Jergoyne, Hugh, 424.
Jewell, John, 229, 249.
Joce, Thomas, 225.
Jole, Henry, 159.
Joll, Gollye, George, 395, 396, 397,
399, 402.
Jones, Frank Evelyn, 576.
Jope, Henry, 155.
Jordan's Ball, Okehampton, 152.
Keats, Richard, 222.
Kelwey, Keyleweye, Robert, 551, 562.
562.
Kendal, — , 231, 261.
Kent, Robert, 634.
Kenton Church Screen, 538, 540, 542.
Kilkenny, Andrew de, 474.
Kilkhampton, 205.
Kimmeridge Coal, 131.
King, R J., 104, 105.
King's Oven Barrow, 115, 117, 122,
129.
Kinson, William, 687.
Kirwan, Rev. J., 126.
Kistvaens, 111.
Knapman, Edward, 155.
John, 630.
Knoville, Margaret de, 429.
Knowling, Thomas, 343.
Kymming, Rosamond, 481.
Lacey, George, 155, 159.
3 b 2
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
758
INDEX.
Lad broke, Robert, 154.
Lake, — , 244.
Lakehead Hill, Kistvaens, etc., at,
111, 115, 116, 117, 122, 127, 129.
Lampen, Nicholas, 334.
Lampsey, Juliana, 595.
Nicholas, 595.
Simon, 595.
William, 595, 597, 644,
668.
Landick, Samuel, 158.
Langcombe Barrow, 111, 112, 115,
117, 122, 123, 124, 128, 129.
Langforlang, Joel de, 424.
William at, 429.
Langmead, — , 199.
James, 631.
William, 630.
Langstone Moor Barrow, 112, 113,
117, 120, 122, 129, 131.
Langtree, 727.
Langworthy, Edward, 327, 328, 329,
330, 331.
Lapford Church Screen, 539, 545.
Laskey, Mary, 329.
Lavington, Samuel, 246, 261, 417.
Laya, Nicholas de, 725.
Leache, Samuel, 225, 226.
Leathern, William, 171.
Lee, James, 395.
Lee Moor, Kistvaens at, 115.
Leeke, Thomas Newton, 222.
Lega-Weekes, Ethel, Neighbours of
North Wyke, 578.
Legassick, Richard, 342, 343.
Legis Tor, Kistvaen at, 112, 115.
Leigh, Legh, Anne, 213, 411.
Sir Thomas, 551, 559, 562.
William, 689.
Lemon, Sir Charles, 195.
L'Ercedekne Family, 276.
Sir J. de, 277.
Lethbridge, Christopher, 154, 155,
156, 157, 158.
George, 155.
Grace, 150.
James, 614.
Thomas, Sir Thomas,
157, 171.
Sir Roper, on the Bide-
ford and Okehampton Railway,
168.
Lew Trenchard Church Screen, 542.
Ley, Elizabeth, 157.
Leyboume, Roger de, 221, 643, 644.
Lidford, 718.
White Down Barrow, 108,
109.
Church, 207.
Light, Thomas, 704.
Lillisant, John, 614.
Linsley, Rev. J. Chauncey, 576.
Lisle, Arthur, Viscount, 203.
Lisson, William, 329.
Littleham, 727.
Church Screen, 539.
Littlehill, Chudleigh, Barrow at,
120, 121, 127.
Locke, — , 198.
Charles, 171.
L°gys» Walter de, 597.
Lopes, Sir Massey, 197.
Sir Ralph, 197.
Lopus, Gelbert, 151.
Lorrymer, Richard, 440.
Lovehayne Farm, Barrow at, 108,
118, 120, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131.
Loworthy, Wm., 229.
Lowry, — , 329.
Luneworthy, Alice de, 725.
Luscomb, John, 712.
Lustleicjh Church Screen, 539, 547.
Luttrell, Henry, 633.
John, 633.
Julian, 633.
Luxmoore, Charles, 154, 155, 157,
158, 171.
Coryndon, 155, 158.
Henry, 150, 151, 152, 153,
John, 150, 151, 152, 153,
156.
156, 199.
Solon, 155, 158.
■ Thomas Bridgraan, 152,
153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 169,
171.
William, 151.
Luxon, Peter, 225.
Lye, Edward, 327.
Thomas, 327.
Lygon, Miss, 480.
Lylott, Walter, 634.
Lymbear, — , 154.
Lysle, Lady Honora, 655.
Lyte, Thomas, 434.
Maddock, Edith, 329.
Robert, 329.
Major, William, 683.
Maiden, Lord, 153.
Male, Gilbert, 559.
Malet, Mallet, Hugh, 172.
John, 597.
William, 437.
Malherbe, Richard, 721.
Mallaston, Michael de, 712.
Mallock, Richard, 616.
M ana ton Church Screen, 540.
Manwood, Roger, 620.
Marcys, Robert, 712.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX.
759
Maredown Kistvaen, 122, 128.
Marks, John, 225, 246.
Marldon, Barrow at, 120, 121, 123,
128.
Marriott, Daniel, 332.
Marsh, John, 155.
Marshall, — , 248.
Martin, Nicholas, 730.
William, 675, 730.
Marwood Church Screen, etc., 539,
541.
Mason, George, 558, 559.
Matters, Sidney James, 704.
May, Samuel. 329.
Medden, Jordan de, 429.
Medland, Ann, 156.
Elizabeth, 159.
Robert, 171.
Thomas, 159.
William, 156.
Meldon Manor, 150.
Melhuish, Mary, 698.
Membury, Barrow at, 120, 122, 128.
Merrivale Bridge, Barrow at, 112,
116, 129, 131.
Hut Circle near, 167.
Merton, Alice, 690.
Meryet, Nicholas, 724.
Mighelstowe, John, 683.
Mild may, Francis Bingham, 704.
Milford, Mylforde, George, 620, 642.
Richard, 620.
Millett, H. C, 172, 198.
Mitchell, W. P., 198.
Moase, Rowland, 232.
Mohun, Alianora de, 597.
John de, 685, 597, 619.
Reginald, 684.
William de, 720, 729.
Moleyns, Thomas, Sir Thomas, 600,
608, 616, 621.
Molland, 723.
Money in Barrows, 1 32.
Monk, Anthony, 652.
Margaret, 652, 653, 655.
Thomas, 652.
WTilliam, 434.
Moor Barton, Barrow at, 115, 121,
122, 131, 133.
Moore, Thomas, 627.
William, 153.
Morchard Bishop Church Screen, 539.
More, John de, 479.
Reginald, 658.
More ton, Maredown Barrow, 122, 128.
Mortacombe, Robert de, 713.
Morth, Jeffery, 149.
Mount Batten, Interments at, 119,
128.
Mudge, Zachary, 221, 247.
Mugg, Mugge, Mucrgs, Osbcrt, 726.
Walter, Sir Walter, 557, 558, 559.
Mylyton, Margaret, 673.
Nation, Wm., 614.
Neauaunt, Gervase, 713.
Neuwtone, William de, 207.
New Beacon, Sidniouth, 122.
New Inn, Sampford Courteuay, 159.
Newcoml)e, E. M., 199.
James, 151.
John, 151.
Newelond, Roger de, 597.
Newton, H., 197.
Nichols, Nicol, Nicholl, Nicholle,
George, 220, 222.
Isaac, 198.
Sir John, 158, 221.
Nonaunt, Marjory de, 670.
Sir Roger de, 478.
Nonconformity in Bideford, Early,
410.
Norris, Silvester, 149.
North Bovey Church Screen, 540.
North Devon, Printed Literature
relating to, 344.
North Wyke, Neighbours of, 578.
Northmore House, Okehampton, 149.
John, 149.
Northwood, Okehampton, 150.
Norton, Nicholas de, 432.
Nosse, Mary, 149.
William, 149. •
Nott, Samuel, 226, 254.
Nun's Cross Farm, Kistvaen at, 115.
Nythertown, Robert de, 432.
Nytheway, John, 434.
Ogilbv, Michael, 222.
Ogwell, Wei
, 'est, Rood Loft, 541.
Okehampton, Documents relating to,
147.
Rectory of, 148.
Cross at, 149.
Olyver, William, 429.
Orchard, —,172.
John, 436.
Paul, 220.
William, 171.
Orey, Thomas, 556.
Osborne, Lilias, 329.
Mary, 329.
Nicholas, 329.
Susanna, 329.
Ottery Church Inventory, 551.
Oxen ham, Bartholomew, 627.
John, 609, 610, 623.
William, 609, 610, 625,
626, 627.
William Long, 616.
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
760
INDEX.
a 116
Paddon, W., 199.
Pace, — , 238, 239, 240.
Palmer, Abraham, 155.
Agnes, 397.
- George, 401.
John, 171.
Richard, 438.
Palmistry at Ilfracorabe, 86.
Pardon Churchyard, St. Paul's,
287
Parfitt, E., 45, 104.
Parminter, Cornelius, 243.
Elizabeth, 266.
Jane, 266.
John, 265, 266.
Mary, 266.
Mary Ann, 266.
Richard, 265, 266.
Parracombe Church Screen, §45.
Payne, Thomas, 148.
William, 326, 328, 332, 337,
338.
Peard, Oliver. 416.
Pearse, — , 171.
E., 198.
John, 161, 198.
Pedlar, Catherine, 153.
William, 171.
Pen Beacon Barrow, 111, 118, 128,
131.
Pendarves, Edward W. W., 195.
Penell, William, 634.
Pengelly, William, 43, 104, 105.
Penruddocke, H., 195.
Perry, Richard, 199.
Peter, Robert, Lord, 331.
Peyton, Thomas, 396.
Phillips, Alexander, 171.
John, 326, 342.
Phillpotts, Bishop Henry, 576.
Pilkington, — , 157.
Pilton, 730.
Church Screen, 542.
Pitt, Thomas, 160, 161.
William at, 432.
Pitts, John, 199.
Planet Ruling, 87.
Plague in Bide ford, 214.
Plantagenet, Arthur, 203.
Piece, John, 155.
Plond, Nicholas, 559.
Plym Valley Railway Line, 197.
Plymouth, Early Interments in, 114,
116, 119.
Railway Line to, 197.
Plympton, 717.
Pollard, John, 440.
Lewis, 221, 435.
» Pollesland, Polysland, William, 633,
634, 636.
Pollexfen, — , 149.
Polslade, 148.
Polsloe, 781.
Poltimore, Richard, 587.
Poltimore Church Screen, 539.
Pomeroy, Pomerey, Pomeray, Heiry
de, 731.
Sir H. de la. 471.
Thomas, 655.
PoDchard, John de, 427.
Ponz, Walter de, 730.
Population of small Devon Parisbo,
64.
Portingal — see Lopus.
" Post Boy," Okehampton, 158.
Pottery in Barrows, 122.
Powder Mills, Kistvaen at, 115.
Powel, Thomas, 415.
Powne, John, 283.
Prahull, Roger de, 423.
Pree, John, 433.
Price, Evan, 198.
Prickman, — , 171.
J. D., 170.
Prideaux, Predeaux, Predyani,
Prydeaux, Madame, 230.
Fulk, 656, 683.
Jane, 633.
John, 148.
William, 683.
Pridham, Predam, Christopher, 332,
338,341, 342, 343, 705.
Edward, 332, 333, 335.
William, 326.
Prince town, Kistvaen near, 115.
Prins, Robert, 562.
Printed Literature relating to North
Devon, Index to, 344.
Priscott, William, 210.
Proceedings at the Forty-first Amuul
Meeting, 20.
Prodhomme, Walter, 221.
Prous, Prouz, Prowse, Sir Hugh le,
725.
Nicholas, 635.
Richard le, 702, 725.
Roger, 635.
William le, 590, 691.
Provincialisms, Verbal, 90.
Prust, Pryst, Hugh, 435, 487.
Puntingtone, William de, 475.
Putt, Elizabeth, 329.
John, 329.
Pyke, George, 171.
Pyperell, Richard, 433.
Quance, Richard, Will of, 641.
Quick, John, 171.
Radcliff, Gopleston Lopes, 197, 198.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX.
761
Raddick Hill Barrow, 113-15, 122,
131.
Raddon, James, 615.
Radford, A. C, and F. B. Bond, on
Devonshire Screens and Rood Lofts,
531.
Radford, Nicholas, 634.
Raleghana, pt. iv., 455.
Raleigh, Sir Henry de, 455.
Sir Walter, 203.
Wymond de, 203, 724.
Monument in Exeter Cathe-
dral, 455.
Randall, Randle, Henry, 620.
Susanna, 329.
William, 329.
Rattenbury, John, 149, 152, 156.
Patience, 149.
Peter, 149.
Robert, 149.
Ravening, Christopher, 215.
Henry, 215.
John, 215.
Red Barrows, The, 164.
Reddaway, George, 630.
J., 198.
719,
Redvers, Baldwin de, 717,
725.
Hawisa de, 723.
Richard de, 717, 718.
William de, 718.
Reichel, 0. J., Extracts from a
Devonshire Lady's Notes of Travel,
265.
Fees of the Bishop of Exeter
in Testa de Nevil, 566.
Notes on Domesday Identi-
fications, 715.
On the Devonshire Domes-
day, 717.
Renandon, Sir William, 557.
Rene, Joel, 432.
Report of Council, 26 .
— Climate Committee, 59.
— Folk-lore Committee, 83.
— Verbal Provincialisms
Committee, 90.
— Barrow Committee, 184.
— Records Committee, 141.
— Proceedings at Forty-first
Annual Meeting, 20.
— Dartmoor Exploration
Committee, 160.
Re we, Kistvaen at, 111, 115, 128.
Reynell, Edmund, 328.
John, 149.
Richards, Dorothy, 329.
Elizabeth, 329.
William, 329.
Riddon Manor, 156.
Ring-in -the-mire, Kistvaen at, 106,
129.
Risdon, Giles, 150.
Risk, J. Erskine, on a Forgotten
Episode in Devonshire Family
History, 394.
Roarke, James, 615.
Roberts, — , 247.
Walter, 477, 479.
William, 153.
Robson, Richard Bateman, 156, 157,
159.
Roe, — , 340.
- Nicholas, 330 (see also Rowe).
Rogers, Thomas, 442.
Rogge, Geoffrey, 712.
Rolle, Lord, 171.
Roncombe'8 Girt, Broad Down,
Kistvaen, 128.
Rook, Robert, 432.
Rooker, James, 195, 198.
Rotch, Thomas D., 195.
Round Hill, Kistvaen near, 116.
Roundall, Richard, 712.
Roundy Park, Postbridge, Kistvaen
at, 112, 116.
Rounsyball, Edward, 326.
Router Brook, Kistvaen near, 116.
Rowe, Christopher, 326, 330.
Grace, 253.
James, 401, 402.
Joseph, 156.
J. Brooking, 104.
Report Record
Committee, 147.
William, 227, 716 {see also
Roe).
Rowley, William, 343.
Royal Hill, Kistvaen near, 116.
Ruckett, Hugan, 214.
Rules, 11.
St Anne's Chapel, Bideford, 209, 210.
St. Blaize, Dedications to, 277.
St. Columb Major High Alter, 553.
St. James' Chapel, Ok eh amp ton, 148,
153-6.
St. Katherine's Chapel, Bideford, 209.
St. Leger, Colonel, 153.
General, 157.
John, Sir John, 154, 212,
596, 597.
St. Margaret's Chapel, Bideford, 209.
St. Michael's Mount Rood Loft, 543.
St. Thomas' Chapel, Bideford, 209.
Salter, — , 172.
John, 171.
Saltren, Thomas, 230.
Sampford Courtenay Manor, 158.
Sampson, John, 720.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
762
INDEX.
Sanger, Richard le, 432.
Sapcote, Sir John, 434.
Satchevyle, Henry, 429.
Saul, Robert, 243.
Savile, — , 170.
A. B., 199.
Albany, 155, 157-9, 172.
Scargill, Thomas, 148.
Scawn, — , 199.
Scorhill, Stone Circle at, 167.
Scratton, Daniel Robert, 86.
Screens and Rood Lofts, Devonshire,
530.
List of those removed from
Devon Churches, 549.
Seaward, — , 171.
John, 171.
Nicholas, 401.
Seccombe, John, 436.
Selected Minutes of Council ap-
pointing Committees, 30.
Seller, Roger, 436.
Servyngton, Alianora de, 209.
David de, 209.
Servys, Sir John, 646.
Sexton, Mary, 216.
Seymour, Charles, 199.
Sir Edward, 328, 830.
Henry, 195.
William, 199, 328.
Shavercombe, Kistvaen at, 116.
Shebbear, John, 149.
Richard, 149.
Sherberton Common, Stone Row on,
167.
Shersbrooke, Anthony, 226.
Shier, David, 33.
Shilston, — , 172.
William, 559.
Shobb Hill, 149.
Shuffledown, Kistvaen at, 116.
Shule, — , 226.
Sidbury, 728.
Sidenham, Joan, 653.
Sidmouth Barrows, 116, 122, 134.
Silifant, J., 199.
Simmons, T., 172, 199.
Single Barrow, 121, 129.
Sixtinus, Albert de, 278.
— — John, Archpriest of Hac-
combe, 276.
Skinner, — , 172.
John, 171.
Slade, Daniel, 413.
Slonian, John, 630.
Mark, 622.
William, 627.
Smale, George, 159.
Smith, Smyth, —, 329.
Alice, 687.
Smith, Edward, 260.
r Thomas, 246.
William, 221, 246, 261.
Smurch, John, 481.
Snedall, John, 394.
Snell, George, 171.
Richard, 635.
Snowe, Simon, 622.
Somerset, Henry de. 474, 476.
Somervail, Alex., Further Observa-
tions on the Teign and its Valley,
528.
Sop, John, 562.
Soulemont, Thomas de, 596.
South Pool Church Screen, 689.
South Tawton, 590, 615, 720.
Southard, John, 340.
Sowdon, Daniel, 826, 331, 882.
Sparkes, Joseph, 171.
Speckcot, Nicholas de, 428.
Speke, Speake, George, 653.
John, 635.
William le, 424.
Spencer, Earl, 152-6.
Spichewyke, Michael de, 597.
Spitchwick, 724.
Spone, John, 434.
Spooner, John, 260.
Springett, 149.
Springham, Ralph de, 724.
Spry, Henry Morrish, 156.
Square, Richard, 334.
Stacchaford, Thomas, 712.
Stafford, Sir Henry, 619.
Stalldon Moor Kistvaen, 116, 117.
Stamford Hill, Plymouth, Barrow at,
116, 119, 127, 128, 131, 133, 134.
Stanborough Barrow, 116, 121, 122.
Standon, Stanuon, Down, 160.
Stannon Bottom, Barrow at, 109,
111, 121, 122.
Hill Barrow, 128, 133.
Stanton, John de, 670.
Stapleton, Stapeldon, Sir Richard de,
460.
Walter de, 475, 478.
Star Inn, Okehampton, 159.
Start Point to Petitor, 482.
Staunton, Stauntone, Harvey de,
475.
John de, 432.
Staverton Church Screen, 542.
Stebenhill, 148.
Steer, Steere, Sture, — , 234.
John, 614, 615, 616, 623, 624,
625.
Philip, 627, 628.
Richard, 635.
William, 625, 640.
Stewerton Cleaves Manor, 156.
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
INDEX.
763
Stillman Street, Plymouth, Kistvaen
in, 112, 128.
Stockleigh, 152.
Stone Circles and Stone Rows, 116.
Implements in Barrows, 181.
Monuments of Dartmoor, 166.
Stonehouse, Kistvaen at, 116, 119,
128.
Stoneman, — , 172.
George, 171.
Stowforde, — , 562.
Joan, 690.
Strange, John, Sir John, 215, 260,
342, 343.
William, 229, 260.
Stucley, Stukeley, Andria, 702.
Hugh, 485.
John, 399.
Lewis, 206, 256, 415, 442.
Sture— see Steer.
Sturmy, John, 479.
Sturt, H. C, 171.
Sun Dial on Bideford Bridge, 226.
Susan, Sir John, 221.
Sutcombe Church Screen, 539.
"Swan," The, Okehampton, 151.
Sweet, —,171.
Charles, 171.
Swincombe, Kistvaen near, 115.
Swymbridge Church Screen, 539, 545.
Symon, Richard, 221.
Robert, 331, 332.
Talaton Rood Loft, 541.
Tanner, Robert, 155.
Tattershall, J., 156, 198.
Tauntifer, A lured de, 591.
Taunton, William, 340.
Taverncr, Richard, 633.
Tawe in Itton, 618.
Taylor, Ambrose, 340.
Charles, 328, 837, 343.
Jane, 622.
John, 327.
Teape, James, 338, 842.
Samuel, 343.
Teign and its Valley, Further Ob-
servations on, 528.
Teign Head Newtake, Cairns in, 164.
Templer, George, 170.
Testa de Nevill, Index to, 289.
Tettebury, Thomas de, 428.
Thellusson, — , 167.
George, 158.
Peter, 158.
Thorlok, Agatha, 712.
Walter, 712.
Thornworthy, Kistvaen at, 113, 115,
116, 128, 129.
Thorverton Kistvaen, 129.
Tickle, William, 171.
Tite, — , 238.
Tiverton, Fire at, 263.
Castle, 702, 703.
Todewell, Ralph, 424.
Tom, John, 329.
Tony, Ralph de, 590.
Roger de, 587, 590, 595, 720.
Family, 721.
Tor Royal, Kistvaen at, 116.
Tori tone, John de, 470.
Torquay, Railway Line to, 199.
Torr, Matthew, 329.
Peter, 325, 326.
Torrington, Devon — Torriugton, Con-
necticut, 575.
Totnes, its Mayors and Mayoralties,
825.
Corporation Muniments, 704.
Deeds relating to, 711.
Rood Loft, 541, 547.
Town Living, Higher and Lower,
Okehampton, 153, 157.
Townsend, Townshend, — , 199.
William, 622.
Townson, John, 154.
Toyt, Henry, 221.
Tozer, Lawrence, 636.
Tracy, Henry de, 729, 730.
Oliver de, 728, 729.
William de, 729, 731.
Treasurer's Report, 28-9.
Treby, George, 339, 340, 342.
Tregelles, — , 237.
Tregos, Andrew de, 277.
Trelawny, Sir William Salusbury,
195.
Treliving, — , 199.
Tremayne, Thomas, 655.
Tremlett, — , 333.
George, 335.
Tremmett, Richard, 675.
Trenchard, Thomas, 600.
Trendesholt, 731.
Tresympel, John de, 481.
Trethill, Kistvaen at, 116, 119.
Tripe, Robert, 897.
Trist, Browse, 341, 343.
Hoare Browse, 627, 628.
Nicholas, 333, 385, 340, 628.
Trownson, Alexander, 326.
Trade, Thomas, 155.
Tucker, Tukker, Mary, 159.
Richard, 715.
Tunhill Rocks, Barrow at, 116, 122,
128
Tunstall, Cuthbert, 278.
Tyddes, John, 635.
Umfraville, Gilbert de, 467.
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
764
INDEX.
Underhill, Richard, 627.
Uparne, John de, 478.
Upton Pyne, Barrow at, 122, 127,
131, 133.
Urns in Barrows, 122.
Forms of Ornament on, 126.
Valletorta, John de, 644.
Ralph de, 726.
Reginald de, 725.
Vannes, Peter, 286.
Varwell, Peter, 34.
Vavasor, Richard, 327, 338, 342.
Vaysy, Richard, 711.
Vicary, — , 154.
J., 198.
Villiers, Rev. W. Richard, 283.
Vincent, Miriam, 329.
Violl, Vyell, Richard, 436.
Samuel, 329.
Vyllysdon, Richard, 434.
Wadham, Alice, 633.
Wakeham, — , 333.
Oliver, 335.
Walden, John, 438.
Waldren, Nicholas, 562.
Waleraund, William, 423.
Walhop, Walhoppe, John, 209, 221.
Walker, Honor, 246.
Walkham Valley, Barrow near, 111,
122.
Wallabrook, Kistvaen at, 116
Walrond, Henry, 150.
Walter, Walters, W., 246.
William, 222, 250.
Warde, Richard, 712.
Wardle, C. W., 159.
Warhara, 723.
Warren, Waryn, Charles, 413.
Christopher, 151.
Elizabeth, 151.
— — George, 151.
Philip, 154, 155.
William, William de, 716,
726.
Warwick, Thomas, Earl of, 592.
Washburton, 727.
WashBeld Church Screen, 547.
Watern Down, Kistvaen near, 112,
116, 123, 125, 128, 164.
Way mouth, John, 327.
Stephen, 326.
Weare, Were, — , 171.
Richard, 171.
Webber, — , 171.
John, 155.
Wcbbery, Webburye, Henry, 148.
William, 149.
Wedlake Combe, Barrow near, 111,
122.
Weeke, Weekes, Wekes, WekjB,
John, 609, 631.
Richard, 619.
Roger, 598, 610 {see aim
! Wykes).
, Weekes, Ethel Lega-, Neighbours of
i North Wyke, 578.
| Welcombe Church Screen, 535.
; Welingoure, Wellyngoure, William
de, 207.
Wellesford, Robert de, 432.
Wembsworthy, Wymundesworthj,
Oliver de, 423.
Wensleigh, — , 172.
Anthony, 171.
Were — see Weare.
Wermeleigb, Robert de, 432.
West, Bishop, 283.
Peter, 702.
Weetaway, John, 150.
Westcott, Joseph, 199.
Westerland Beacon, Barrow on, 120,
122, 123, 128.
Western, Thomas, 171.
Westlake, Simon, 156.
W. C.,195.
Whale, T. W., Index to Domesday
Analysis and Testa de Nevtil, 288.
Whalley, Samuel, 331.
Whiddon, Margaret, 633.
Whitaker, — , 238.
Whitchurch Church Screen, 540.
White, Andrew, 148.
Edward Martyn, 239.
Richard, 247, 248.
White Down, Lydford, Barrow at,
111, 116, 118, 122.
Whitefield, George, at Bideford, 417.
Whiten Tor, Interments at, 119, 133.
Whitfield, John, 219, 222, 263.
Whitley, H. M., on Inventories of
Crediton and Ottery Churches, 551.
Whitlock, Richard, 634.
Whittor, Barrow near, 111, 116, 118,
122, 129, 131.
Wickham, Miss, on Early Noncon-
formity in Bideford, 410.
Widworthy, Sir Hugh de, 667.
Wigford Down, Kistvaen on, 108,
116, 128.
Wilkins, Anna, 171.
Willand Church Screen, 542.
Willcock, John, 246, 254.
Willemer, John, 683.
William, Parson of Totnes, 713.
Williams, Arthur, 704.
John Coward, 159.
Roger, 151.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
INDEX.
765
Willing, Thomas, 325, 326.
Wills, Some South Tawton, 640.
Wills, Sir Charles, 839, 341, 342.
George N., 198.
Wilmar, John, 634.
Windeatt, Edward, Totnes, its
Mayors and Mayoralties, part iii.,
325.
Munimeuts of the Cor-
poration of Totnes, 704.
Francis Knowles, 704.
Winsor, Henry, 342.
Thomas, 342.
Witch Superstition at Culmstock,
83.
Wode, Adam de la, 424.
Wolfe, Rev. Richard Robbins, 37.
Wolfrington, Matthew de, 423.
Wonnacott, John, 149.
Wonston, John, 619.
Will of, 641.
Wood, Ebote, 653.
Elizabeth, 652.
Woodbarrow, Interment at, 111.
Woodbury, 724.
Church Screen, 545.
Woodford Down, Exbourne, 151.
Woodhouse, H. B. S., on Fortune-
telling, 85.
Woollcombe, Madame, 230.
Rev. George Ley, 39.
Rev. H., 199.
John Morth, 169, 172,
199, 200.
Robert, 177, 180.
Woolsgrove Manor, Sandford, 150.
Worlington, East, Barrow at, 133.
Worth, R. H., 105.
On the Petrography of Dart-
moor, 496.
Worth, R. H., Report of Barrow Com-
mittee, 104.
R. N., 104, 105, 117.
Worthe, William, 433.
Wray — see Wrey.
Wreford, Wreyford, Miss, 266.
, 171.
John, 171.
Wren, Edward, 225, 227.
Robert, 227, 254.
Wrey, Wray, Lady, 230.
Jane, 633.
John, 171.
Roger de, 633.
Wyke, Wykes, Family, 633, 684,
685, 716.
Wykes, John, 584, 621, 646.
Richard, 584.
William, 646 (see also
Weekes).
Wylrige, Robert de, 424.
Wymundesworthi, Henry de, 429.
Wyndham, Joan, 694.
Wynel), John, 635.
Wynescot, John de, 423.
Wynkelegh, Nicholas de, 424.
Wynslade, John, 437.
Wyse, William, 429.
Yarde, Edward, 328.
Yealmpton, 718.
i Yetton, Itton, Tenants of Manor,
610.
| Ylmannescot, William de, 429.
Ylmundeston, Henry de, 424.
Yol, William le, 713.
Young, James, 329.
Zouch, John, Lord, 434, 723.
, William la, 713, 716.
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
Digitized by VjOOQ lC
ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA.
Page 9. In list of members of the Council delete "Pbark, R. Chops," and insert
'* Chopb, R. Pearsb," after " Chapman, C."
„ 277, line 4 from top, for " Bosgrove " read " Boxgrove."
„ 865. The author of the paper in Trant. Devon. Assoc., 1875, "The Examination of
Two Barrows near Torrington," is George Doe, and not G. M. Doe.
„ 388, line 12 from top, for " Parker " read *• Baker."
„ 397, right-hand column, line 2, for " Edward " read "Emmanuel."
lines 5 and 6, delete clause " Married Bowber at Stockleigh English."
line 8, for " 22 Nov." read " 23 Nov."
line 18, for "1030 " read " 1680."
left-hand column, in space left vacant at bottom, insert "Gertrude Dowrish
married 1 to John Davye and 2 to Robert Bowber, 22 Dec., 1678."
„ 402, line 8 from bottom, for "Gollye" read " Jollye."
,, 425, insert after line 24 :—
"12 do. holding 1 ferling, paying in the same way 3s. 8d., and doing suit
as before, 2 4 0."
line 33, " 5 0 0" should be "20 0 0."
line 41, "30 4 9 " should be " 47 8 9."
line 42, "49" should be "61."
line 48, " 221 " should be " 283."
„ 426, line 5, " 118} " should be " 124J."
, , 428, line 4, " and H should be " but "
line 5, "died " should be " was living," " but" should be "and."
In some copies, line 8, " 1308 " is printed for " 1301."
„ 438, line 21, " 9 acres " should be " 1 acre."
„ 507, line 24 from top, for " lat 50° 26' 2" " read " lat. 50° 25' 2"."
„ 545, line 7 from bottom, omit " Swymbridge."
„ 556, line 8 from bottom, for " Orey " read " Crey."
„ 557, line 5 from top, for " St. Rouen " read " St Mary of Rouen."
„ 567, line 11 from top, for " Buryan " read " Veryan."
„ 668. The Mandeville's Aveton was apparently Blackawton (see Brantyngham's
Register, pp. 21, 108, 275, and Bronescombe's Register, p. 115).
line 8 from top, for " Beaufal " read " Beaupel."
„ 688, line 8 from top, for " to the capital messuage " read " the capital messuage."
m
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_
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3t
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TUP*
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